Anatomy:Body Cavities

Areli Scott
 Structural units of the body
● Human skeletal system. Human skeletal
system, the internal skeleton that serves
as a framework for the body.
 ANATOMICAL POSITION
● For humans, the arms are in
anatomical position when hanging at
the sides of the body, palms
forward, and the legs are in
anatomical position in a normal
standing posture, feet side by side.
This means that the pinky side of
the wrist is medial, and the thumb
side is lateral.
 ANTERIOR AND VENTRAL
● Anterior is to be situated near or
toward the front (first in
movement) of the body
● Ventral when something is said to
be ventral, it means that it is
closer to the front side of the
body. For example, the eyes are
ventral to the brain.
 POSTERIOR AND DORSAL
● Dorsal -> "back" side
● Posterior -> "after" or
coming after (opposite to)
the anterior
 CRANIAL AND CAUDAL
● Cranial refers to the head end
and caudal to the tail end.
Anterior and posterior. In a
quadruped the terms are
synonymous with cranial and
caudal. In a biped anterior is
used to indicate the ventral
surface and posterior to
indicate the dorsal surface.
 SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR
● Superior-is used to refer
to what is above something
● inferior to what is below
it.
 MEDIAL AND LATERAL
● Medial refers to being toward the
midline of the body or the median
plane, which splits the body,
head-to-toe, into two halves, the
left and right.
● Lateral is the side of the body
or part of the body that is away
from the middle.
 PROXIMAL AND DISTAL
● Proximal then refers to
something closer to the
torso
● distal refers to parts and
places away from the torso.
 SUPERFICIAL OR EXTERNAL AND DEEP OR INTERNAL
● Toward the inner surface Opposite =
Deep
● Toward the outer surface Opposite -
Internal
● Away for the surface Opposite =
Superficial
● Toward the inner surface - body
cavities or body wall Used
interchangeably with Deep Opposite =
External
 SAGITTAL PLANE
● A sagittal plane-
longitudinal plane, is an
anatomical plane which
divides the body into
right and left parts
 CORONAL PLANE/ TRANSVERSE PLANE
● A coronal plane is any
vertical plane that
divides the body into
ventral and dorsal (belly
and back) sections.
● The transverse plane is an
imaginary plane that
divides the body into
superior and inferior
parts.
 DORSAL ,CRANIAL AND PELVIC CAVITY
● contains the brain (dorsal
cavity)
● inferior to the abdominal
cavity; contains the
urinary bladder, internal
reproductive organs, and
rectum (pelvic body
cavity)
 SPINAL ,THORACIC AND ABDOMINAL
● The spinal canal is the space in the
vertebral column formed by the
vertebrae through which the spinal
cord passes
● The thoracic cavity is the chamber of
the body of vertebrates that is
protected by the thoracic wall
● superior portion of the
abdominopelvic cavity; contains
stomach, intestine, spleen, liver,
gallbladder;
 Visceral serous membrane
● slippery double-layered
membrane which covers the
viscera within the
thoracic and abdominal
cavities and also lines
the walls of thorax and
abdomen.
 SEROUS CAVITY AND SEROUS FLUID
● membranes line and enclose
several body cavities,
known as serous cavities,
where they secrete a
lubricating fluid which
reduces friction from
muscle movement.
● a small amount of fluid
between the two layers
that reduces friction
 PARIETAL SEROUS MEMBRANE
● Serous membranes have two
layers. The parietal
layers of the membranes
line the walls of the body
cavity pariet- refers to a
cavity wall.
 DIAPHRAGM
● a dome-shaped, muscular partition
separating the thorax from the
abdomen.
● The diaphragm separates the thoracic
cavity, containing the heart and
lungs, from the abdominal cavity and
performs an important function in
respiration therefore it helps us
breathe.
● Located below the lungs