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3D Geometry
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3D Geometry
vector 3iˆ ˆj 3kˆ and passing through the point Q.20 Find the angle between the line
(1,1,1).
r (2iˆ ˆj 3k)
ˆ (3iˆ 6ˆj 2k)
ˆ and the plane
Q.5 Write the vector equation of a line whose r.(iˆ ˆj k)
ˆ 3
x 3 y 1 z 1
Cartesian equation is .
2 4 5 Q.21 Find the direction cosines of the two
lines which are connected by the relations
Q.6 Write the Cartesian equation of a line 5m 3n 0and7 2 5m2 3n2 0.
whose vector equations is
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
r (3i 2 j 5k) ( 2i j 3k). Q.22 Prove that, the line passing through the
point (1, 2, 3) and (–1, –2, –3) is perpendicular
Q.7 Find the value of p, such that the line to the line passing through the points (–2, 1, 5)
x y z x y z and (3, 3, 2).
and are perpendicular
1 3 2p 3 5 2
Q.23 Find the coordinates of the foot of the
to each other.
perpendicular drawn from the point (1, 2, 1) to
Q.8 Write the Cartesian equation of the plane the line joining the points (1, 4, 6) and (5, 4, 4).
r(3iˆ 2ˆj 5k)
ˆ 7.
Q.24 If a variable line in two adjacent positions
has direction cosines , m, n and
Q.9 Write the vector equation of plane
3x y 4z 7 0 . ,m m,n n, prove that the small angle
between two position is given by
Q.10 Find the vector, normal to the plane ()2 ( )2 (m)2 (n)2 .
r.(3iˆ 7k)
ˆ 5 0 .
Q.25 Verify that
Q.11 Find the direction ratios of a line, normal 2 3 m1 m2 m3 n1 n2 n3
to the plane 7x + y – 2z = 1.
1
, , can be taken
3 3 3
Q.12 Find the angle between the line as direction cosines of a line equally inclined to
x 2 y 1 z three mutually perpendicular lines with
and the plane 3x 2z 4 0.
4 5 7 direction cosines 1 ,m1 ,n1 ; 2 ,m2 ,n2
27.1
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3D Geometry
Q.27 Find the equations of the planes through line of intersection of the planes x – 3y – 5 = 0
the intersection of the planes x + 3y + 6 = 0 and 9y – z + 16 = 0.
and 3x – y – 4z = 0 whose perpendicular
Q.38 Prove that, the plane through
distance from the origin is equal to 1.
the points (1, 1, 1), (1, –1, 1) and (–7, 3, –5) is
Q.28 Find the equation of the plane through perpendicular to xz-plane.
the points (–1, 1, 1) and (1, –1, 1) and
Q.39 Find the length and coordinates
perpendicular to the plane x + 2y + 2z = 5.
of the foot of perpendicular from points (1, 1,
Q.29 Find the distance of the point 2) to the plane 2x – 2y + 4z + 5 = 0.
(–1, –5, –10) from the plane
Q.40 Find the vector equation in the scalar
x – y + z = 5 measured parallel to the line
product form, of the plane passing through the
x 2 y 1 z 2
. points (1, 0, –1), (3, 2, 2) and parallel to line
3 4 12
r ˆi ˆj (iˆ 2ˆj 3k).
ˆ
Q.30 Find the vector and Cartesian forms of the
equation of the plane passing through (1, 2, – Q.41 Find the distance between the parallel
4) and parallel to the line planes 2x – y + 3z – 4 = 0 and 6x – 3y + 9z +
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
r i 2 j 4k (2i 3 j 6k) and 13 =0.
27.2
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3D Geometry
27.3
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3D Geometry
27.4
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3D Geometry
27.5
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3D Geometry
x 1 y 1 z 1
Q.2 If the lines and
2 3 4
x 3 y k z
intersect, then the value of k
1 2 1
is (2004)
3 9 2 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 9 2
x y z
Q.3 A variable plane 1 at a unit
a b c
distance from origin cuts the coordinate axes at
A, B and C. Centroid (x, y, z) satisfies the
1 1 1
equation 2 2 2 K. The value of K is
x y z
(2005)
(A) 9 (B) 3 (C) 1/9 (D) 1/3
ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS
Q.6 A plane is parallel to two lines whose
direction ratios are (1, 0, –1) and
(–1, 1, 0) and it contains the point
(1, 1, 1). If it cuts coordinate axes at A, B, C. Then
find the volume of the tetrahedron OABC.
(2004)
27.6
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3D Geometry
27.7
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3D Geometry
27.8
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3D Geometry
and is
Q.2 Let P(3, 2, 6) be a point in space and 2
of for which the vector PQ is parallel to the ˆi 7ˆj 5kˆ 7iˆ 7ˆj kˆ
(C) (D)
plane x – 4y + 3z = 1 is (2009) 5 3 99
1 1 1 1 Q.7 The shortest distance between and is
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1 2
4 4 8 8
(A) 0 unit (B) 17 / 3unit
Q.3 A line with positive direction cosines passes
(C) 41 / 5 3unit (D) 17 / 5 3unit
through the point P(2, –1, 2)
and makes equal angles with the coordinate Q.8 The distance of the point (1, 1, 1) from the
axes. The line meets the plane 2x + y + z = 9 at plane passing through the point (–1, –2, –1) and
point Q. The length of the line segment PQ whose normal is perpendicular to both are lines
equals (2009) and 2 is
1
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 2
(A) 2 / 75 unit (B) 7 / 75 unit
ASSERTION AND REASONING (C) 13 / 75unit (D) 23 / 75unit
Q.4 Consider the planes 3x – 6y – 2z = 15 and
2x + y –2z = 5. Match the condition/expression in Column I
Statement I: The parametric equations of the with statement in Column II.
line of intersection of the given planes are x = Q.9 Consider the following linear equations
3 + 14t, y = 1 + 2t, z =15t. ax + by + cz = 0, bx + cy + az = 0,
Statement II: the vectors 14iˆ 2ˆj 15kˆ is cx + ay + bz =0 (2007)
parallel to the line of intersection of the given Column I Column II
planes. (2007) (A) a b c 0 (p) the equation
and a b c
2 2 2
represent
Q.5 Consider three planes
ab bc ca planes meeting
P1 : x y z 1 P2 : x y z 1 and only at a single
P3 : x 3y 3z 2 point
Let L1, L2, L3 be the lines of intersection of the (B) a b c 0 (q) the equation
planes P2 and P3, P3 and P1, P1 and P2, and a2 b2 c2 represent the
respectively. ab bc ca line x = y = z
Statement I : At least two of the lines L1, L2 and (C) a b c 0 (r) the equations
L3 are non-parallel. and a2 b2 c2 represent
Statement II : The three planes do not have a ab bc ca identical planes
common point (2008) (D) a b c 0 (s) the equations
PASSAGE-BASED PROBLEM and a2 b2 c2 represent the
Read the following passage and answer the ab bc ca whole of the
questions. Consider the lines three
dimensional
space
27.9
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3D Geometry
ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS
Q.10 (a) Find the equation of the plane
passing through the points (2, 1, 0), (5, 0, 1) and
(4, 1, 1).
(b) If P is the point (2, 1, 6), then the point Q
such that PQ is perpendicular to the plane in
(a) and the mid point of PQ lies on it. (2003)
27.10
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3D Geometry
PLANCESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
27.11
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3D Geometry
ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE 1 JEE MAIN/BOARDS
7
Q.1 <3, –2, 6> Q.2 <1, 3, –3> Q.3 cos1
70
Q.4 ( ˆi ˆj k)
ˆ (3iˆ ˆj 3k)
ˆ Q.5 r ( 3iˆ ˆj k)
ˆ (2iˆ 4ˆj 5k)
ˆ
x 3 y 2 z 5
Q.6 Q.7 –3 Q.8 3x + 2y +5z = 7
2 1 3
ˆ ˆ ˆ
Q.9 r(3i j 4k) 7 0 Q.10 3iˆ 7ˆj Q.11 <7, 1, –2>
2 7 1
Q.12 sin1 Q.13 Q.14
13 90 11 3
1 3 2
Q.15 4, –6, 3 Q.16 Q.17 <0, 1, 0>
14 14 14
11 1
Q.18 <2, 3, –10> Q.19 cos1 Q.20 sin1
21 7 3
1 2 3 1 1 2
Q.21 . , , , , Q.23 (3, 4, 5)
14 14 14 6 6 6
x 3 y z 1
Q.26 Q.27 x – 2y – 2x – 3 = 0; 2x + y – 2z + 3 = 0
2 1 3
Q.28 2x + 2y – 3z + 3 = 0 Q.29 13 Q.30 9x – 8y + z + 11 = 0
3 2
Q.33 5y 5z 6 0, Q.34 2x + 5y + 7z = 78 Q.35 5x + 9y + 11z – 8 = 0
5
x 5 y 7 z 3 1 25 1 13 6
Q.36 60° Q.37 Q.39 , , ,
3 1 9 12 12 6 12
25 14
Q.40 r(4iˆ ˆj 2k)
ˆ 6 Q.41 Q.43 x + 2y – 5z = 0
42
Q.43 x + 2y – 5z = 0 Q.44 (0, 2, –2)
a bm cn
Q.45 (ax + by + cz + d) (a' x b' y c' z a') 0
(a'1 b'm c'm)
Q.46 7y + 5z = 35 Q.48 3, 6 Q.49 r(3iˆ 5jˆ 6k)
ˆ 7 70 0
Q.50 r(5iˆ ˆj 6k)
ˆ 4
27.12
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3D Geometry
ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS
9
Q.6 cu unit Q.72x – y + z – 3 = 0 and 62x + 29y + 19z – 105 = 0
2
27.13
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3D Geometry
SOLUTIONS
Direction ratio of line perpendicular to plane
EXERCISE – 1 JEE MAIN <3, 0, –2>
4 3 ( 5) (0) 7 ( 2) 2
sin =
3 2 6 16 25 49 9 0 4 90 13
Sol.1 l m= n=
7 7 7
Direction ratios are <3, –2, 6> Sol.13 x + y + 3z + 7 = 0
0 0 3(0) 7 7
Distance from origin is =
Sol.2 [2, 1, 0] & [1, –2, 3] 11 9 11
Direction ratios = 2 – 1, 1 + 2, 0 – 3
= <1, 3, –3> Sol.14 3x – 3y + 3z = 0
Distance from (1, 1, 1) is
Sol.3 It makes acute angle with x-axis
3(1) 3(1) 3(1) 3 1
x y z x 1 y 5 z3 =
and = = 999 3 3 3
1 2 0 3 2 1
<1, 2, 0> and <3, 2, 1> Sol.15 3x – 2y + 4z = 12
1.3 2.2 0.1 7 Intercept on x-axis (y, z = 0, 0)x = 4
cos = =
5 14 70 Intercept on y-axis (z, z = 0, 0)y = –6
Intercept on z-axis (x, y = 0, 0)z = 3
7
cos1
70 Sol.16 <a, b, c> = <1, 3, –2>
< l , m, n> =
x 1 y 1 z 1 1 3 2
Sol.4 t , ,
3 1 3
19 4 19 4 19 4
r = –i + j + k + t (3i – j – 3k)
1 3 2
Sol.5 r =–3i + j – k + (2i + 4j + 5k) = , ,
14 14 14
Sol.6 xi + yk + zk = (3 – 2 )i + (2 + )j + (–5
Sol.17 Direction cosines of y-axis = <0, 1, 0>
+ 3 )k
x3 y2 z 5 Sol.18 Direction of line
= =
2 1 3 x2 2y 1 3z
= =
1 3 5
Sol.7 cos = 0 = –3.1 + 3.5 + 2p.2
1
12 + 4p = 0 p = –3 x2 y
= 2 = z3
Sol.8 (xi + yj + zk) . (3i + 2j + 5k) = 7 1 3 5
3x+ 2y + 5z = 7 2
3
Sol.9 3x – y – 4z = –7 Direction ratio are 1, , 5
2
r . (3i – j – 4k) = –7
Sol.19 r . (i – 2j – 2k) = 1
Sol.10 3x – 7y = –5 r . (3i – 6j + 2k) = 0
Direction ratios of normal to plane are(3, –7, 0) 3.1 ( 6).( 2) (2)( 2)
cos =
the vector along that normal is 3i – 7j. 1 4 4 9 36 4
Sol.11 7x + y – 2z = 1 3 12 4 11
= =
Direction ratios of vector normal to the plane 3.7 21
are 11
cos1
7i + j – 2k = 0 21
<7, 1, -2>
Sol.20 r = 2i – j + 3k + (3i – 6j + 2k)
Sol.12 Direction ratios of line <4, -5, 7> & Plane r. (i + j + k) = 3
S 27.1
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3D Geometry
Sol.21 l - 5m + 3n = 0
l 2 m2 n2 l l mm nn
7l 2 5m2 3n2 0
l 5m 3n (l 2 m2 n2 ) (l 2 2l l m2 2l m n2 2l n)
7(25m2 9n2 30mn) 5m2 3n2 0
180m2 60n2 210mn 0 1 ()2 1 ll mm nn
=
6m2 7mn 2n2 0 2 1
6m2 4mn 3mn 2n2 0 () 2(ll mm nn) …..(1)
2
S 27.2
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3D Geometry
S 27.3
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3D Geometry
i j k y
2x - –z=3
1 3 0 =i(3) – j (–1) + k (9) 2
0 9 1 4x – y – 2z = 6
r • (4i – j – 2k) = 6
=3i + j + 9k
x 5 y7 z3 Sol.41 distance between 2x – y + 3z = 4
= =
3 1 9 13
2x – y + 3z =
Sol.38 ax + by + cz = 1 3
a + b + c = 1 a + c = 1 – b 13
4
a – b + c = 1 b = 0 3 25 25 14
Distance, d = = =
–7a + 3b – 5 +5a = 1 4 19 3 14 42
b = 6 + 2a/3,a = –3,c = 4
–3x + 4z = 1 ratio [-3, 0, 4] Sol.42 ax + by + cz = 1
xz plane ratio [0, 1, 0] 1 1 1
A ,0,0 , B 0, ,0 , C 0,0,
–3.0 + 0.1 + 4.0 = 0 a b c
Hence given plane is perpendicular to xz plane 1 1 1
= 3 , = 3 , = 3
a b c
1 1 2
Sol.39 = = x y z
2 2 4 3
(2 2 8 5) 13
= =
4 4 16 24 Sol.43 x 2y 3z 4 (x y z 3) 0
(1,1,2) Through origin
4
3 4 0 ;
3
4 4 4
x 1 y 2 z 3 0
(a,b, g) 3 3 3
2x – 2y + 4z + 5 = 0
13 1 13 25 x 2y 5z
1 , 1 0
12 12 12 12 3 3 3
13 1 x + 2y – 5z = 0
=2– =
6 6 Sol.44 2x 2y z 6 (2x 3y z 8) 0
22 8 5 13 x(2 2 ) y(2 3 ) z( 1 ) 6 8 0
Length = =
24 24 equation of plane
Sol.40 ax + by + cz = 1 xz plane 0,1,0 any point on the line is
(1, 0, –1) a – c = 1 (,2,2 2)
(3, 2, 2) 3a + 2b + 2c = 1 direction ratios of line
It is parallel to 1, 2,3 i j k
a – 2b + 3c = 0 2 2 1 = i( 2 3) j( 2 2) k(6 4)
4a + 5c = 1 2 3 1
4 + 4c + 5c = 1 = i + 2k = 1,0,2
1
c= This is parallel to plane y = 0 as
3
2 (1, 0, 2) • (0, 1, 0) = 0
a= 0 i.e. (0, 2, –2)
3
2 3 Sol.46 ax + by + cz = 1
= +2b
3 3 1 1
= 5, = 7{given intercepts}
1 b c
b=
6 <a, b, c> • <1, 0, 0> = 0
a=0
S 27.4
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3D Geometry
Sol.47 ax + by + cz = 1
1
= P……(1)
a b2 c2
2
1 1 1
A ,0,0 ; B 0, ,0 ; C 0,0,
a b c
1 1 1
x= ,y= ,c=
a b z
1 1 1 1
= a2 b2 c2 = 2 2 2 from (1)
P 2
x y z
Sol.48 i – j + 3k from 5x + 2y – 7z + 9 = 0
5 2 21 9 9
=
49 4 25 78
(3i j 3k) from 5x + 2y – 7z + 9 =0
15 2 21 9 3 2
=
49 4 25 78
3 2 9
3 or –6
S 27.5
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3D Geometry
1 1 Sol.10 a = 49 1 1 = 51 ;
m2 1
2 4 b= 1 0 1 = 2 ;c = 36 1 0 = 37
1 2 51 37
m2 s=
4 2
1 s(s – a) (s – b) (s – c)
m = cos
2
51 37 2 2 37 51
60 [C]
2 2
x 1 y 3 z 2
Sol.5 2 51 37 37 51 2
1 3 2
2 2
1 , 3 3, 2 2
37 2 2 74 51 31 (37 2 2 74
3 1 4 3 3 5 2 2 5 =
16
5 3 12 10 5
2 74 12 12 2 74
5 30
=
x=6 16
[5, 15, –14] [A] 4 74 144 296 144 152 38
= = = =
Sol.6 16 16 16 4
x0 y 3 z4 (0 6 4 10) 38
= = = [A]
2 2 1 9 2
x y 3 12 4 x2 y 1 z4
= =z–4= = Sol.11 = =
2 2 33 3 3 1 1
8 8 4
x= ,y=3– ,z=4+ x 1 y z3
3 3 3 or = = [D]
3 1 1
8 1 16
, , [B]
3 3 3 Sol.12 al bm cn = 0
ax1 by1 cz1 d 0 i.e.[C]
Sol.7 2x + y – z – 4 + (3x + 5z – 4) = 4
2 + 3 = 1 Sol.14 y + z + 1 = 0 [0, 1, 1]
1 x-axis [1, 0, 0]
3 sin 0
5 4 R is wrong [C]
2x – x + y – z – z – 4 + =0
3 3
3x + 3y – 8z – 8 = 0[B]
S 27.6
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3D Geometry
Sol.15 al bm cn 0 [D]
x 2 y 1 z 1
Sol.16
a b c
4a + b + c = 0
a – 2b + c = 0
3a + 3b = 0
a = –b
c = 3b
x 2 y 1 z 1
[C]
1 1 3
S 27.7
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3D Geometry
S 27.8
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3D Geometry
x y z
or 1. Its intercept on coordinate
3 3 3
axes are
A(3, 0, 0), B(0, 3, 0), C(0, 0, 3)
Hence, the volume of tetrahedron OABC
3 0 0
1 1 27 9
[abc] 0 3 0 cu unit
6 6 6 2
0 0 3
24
0,
5
Equations of planes are
2x y z 3 0
and 62x 29y 19z 105 0
S 27.9
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3D Geometry
S 27.10
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3D Geometry
i j k
2 0 6 =
3 1 1
i( 6) j( 2 18) k(2) 6i 20 j 2k
1 440
36 400 4 = = 110
2 4
S = 110
Sol.10 (a 2)2 (b 3) c x
(a 2) 2
(b 3) c y
(a 2) 2
(b 3) c x y 0
a–2=b–3=c=0
a=2;b=3;c=0
a2 b2 c2 13
x 1 y 2 z 3
Sol.12
a b c
a + 5b + 4c = 0
1 2, 2 , 4 2 = 1 ka,2 kb,3 kc
ka 2 2kb 7 kc
2 2 2
2 7 5
= =
2b a 2b c ac
10b 7a 2c ……..(1)
7a 10b a 5b
=
2 4
3a
a=b;c= a = 2b = 2c = –3
2
x y z
Sol.13
a b c
a 3 2k
b 3 k
c k
1 2a b c
3 (a2 b2 c2 ) =
2 6 a b c2 2 2
2(2a b c)2
3 2k 3 k k
a b c
3a 3b 3c 3c
2b a b c a 2c
a = 1, b = 2, c = –1 or a = –1 b = 1, c = –2
S 27.11
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S 27.12
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3D Geometry
x – y + 2z = 4.
Sol.4 Given planes are 3x – 6y – 2z = 15 and 2x
2a – 2b + c = 0 and a – b + 2c = 0
+ y – 2z = 5 For z = 0, we get x = 3,
a b c a b c
. y = –1
3 3 0 1 1 0
Direction ratios of planes are
So, the equation of plane is
<3, –6, –2>
x 1 y 2 0 or x y 1 0
and <2, 1, –2>
Its distance from the point (1, 2, 2) is then the DR’s of line of intersection of planes
|1 2 1 | is < 14, 2, 15> and line is
2 2.
2 x 3 y 1 z 0
(say)
14 2 15
Sol.2 Given OQ (1 3 ) ˆi ( 1) ˆj (5 2)k,
ˆ
x 14 3, y 2 1,z 15
OP 3 ˆi 2 ˆj 6kˆ (Where O is origin) Hence, statement I is false.
PQ But statement II is true.
Sol.5 Given three planes are
i–4j+3k
P1 : x y z 1 …(i)
P2 : x y z 1 …(ii)
x–4y+3z=1
and P3 : x 3y 3z 2 …(iii)
S 27.13
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3D Geometry
ˆi ˆj kˆ (D) a + b + c = 0 and
a + b + c2 = ab + bc + ca
2 2
3 1 2 ˆi 7ˆj 5kˆ
abc0
1 2 3
the equations represent whole of the
Required unit vector three dimensional space.
( ˆi 7ˆj 5k)
ˆ 1 Sol.10 (a) Equations of a plane passing
( ˆi 7ˆj 5k)
ˆ
( 1) ( 7) (5)
2 2
5 3 through (2, 1, 0) is
a(x-2)+b(y-1)+c(z)=0
Sol.7 The shortest distance between L1 and L2
It also passes through (5, 0, 1) and (4, 1, 1)
is
3a – b + c = 0
((2 ( 1)}iˆ (2 2)ˆj (3 ( 1))k)
ˆ ( ˆi 7ˆj 5k)
ˆ
and 2a + 0b + c = 0
5 3 On solving, we get
(3iˆ 4k)
ˆ ( ˆi 7ˆj 5k)
ˆ 17 a b c
unit.
1 1 2
5 3 5 3
Equation of plane is
Sol.8 The equation of the plane passing (x 2) (y 1) 2(z 0) 0
through the point (–1, –2, –1) and whose x 2 y 1 2z 0
normal is perpendicular to both the given lines x y 2z 3
L1 and L2 may be written as
(x 1) 7(y 2) 5(z 1) 0 (b) Let the coordinate of Q (, , )
x 7y 5z 10 0 x 2 y 1 z 6
Equation of line PQ
1 1 2
1 7 5 10 13
unit. Since, mid point of P and Q is
1 49 25 75
2 1 6
Match the Column , , .
2 2 2
a b c
Which lies in a line PSol.
Sol.9 Let b c a
2 1 6
c a b 2 1 6
2 2 2
1 1 1 2
(a b c)[(a b)2 (b c)2 (c a)2 ]
2 2 1 6
1 2 1 1 2 6
(A) If a + b + c 0 and a2 b2 c2 2 2 2
=2
0 and a b c 0 1 1 1 1 ( 2)( 2)
The equations represent identical planes. 2 1 6
(B) a b c 0 and since, 1 2 3
2 2 2
a b c2 ab + bc + ca
2 2
6, 5, 2
0
Q(6, 5, –2)
the equations have infinitely many
Sol.11 Let the equation of the plane ABCD be
solutions.
ax + by + cz + d = 0, the point A” be (, , )
ax by (a b)z
bx cy (b c)z and the height of the parallelepiped ABCD be
h.
(b2 ac)y (b2 ac)z y z
| a b c d |
ax by cy 0 90%h
ax = ay a2 b2 c2
x = y = z. a b c d 0.9h a2 b2 c2
(C) abc 0 Locus is, ax + by + cz + d =
and a2 b2 c2 ab bc ca 0.9h a2 b2 c2
0
Locus of A” is a plane parallel to the plane
the equation represent planes
ABCD.
meeting at only one point.
S 27.14
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