You are on page 1of 4

Álgebra y Geometría Analítica 2018 TP7: Rectas (I)

1 Dados un punto 𝑃0 (𝑥0 , 𝑦0 ) perteneciente a una recta, y un vector 𝑢


⃗ = (𝑢𝑥 , 𝑢𝑦 ) paralelo a la recta, entonces las
ecuaciones que describen a la recta son:

Ec. Vectorial Paramétrica ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗


𝑂𝑃 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑃0 + 𝜆𝑢
⃗ Ec. General 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 + 𝐶 = 0

Ec. Cartesiana Paramétrica 𝑥 = 𝑥0 + 𝜆𝑢𝑥 Ec. Segmentaria 𝑥 𝑦


{ + =1
𝑦 = 𝑦0 + 𝜆𝑢𝑦 𝑎 𝑏

Ec. Simétrica 𝑥 − 𝑥0 𝑦 − 𝑦0 Ec. Explícita 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏


=
𝑢𝑥 𝑢𝑦

a) 𝑃0 (1,2) ∈ 𝑙 ⃗ = (3,5)
𝑙∥𝑢 E.V.P.: ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (1,2) + 𝜆(3,5)
𝑂𝑃 E.G.: 5𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 1 = 0
𝑥 𝑦
𝑥 = 1 + 3𝜆 E.Seg.: + ⁄ =1
E.C.P.: { ⁄
−1 5 1 3
𝑦 = 2 + 5𝜆 5 1
𝑥−1 𝑦−2 E.E.: 𝑦= 𝑥+
E.Sim.: = 3 3
3 5

b) 𝑃0 (4, −1) ∈ 𝑙 𝜑𝑙,𝑜𝑥 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 135º E.V.P.: ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (4, −1) + 𝜆(1, −1)
𝑂𝑃 E.G.: 𝑥+𝑦−3 =0
𝑥 𝑦
𝑚 = 𝑡𝑔 𝜑𝑙,𝑜𝑥
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑡𝑔 135º = −1 𝑥 =4+𝜆 E.Seg.: + =1
E.C.P.: { 3 3
⃗ = (1, 𝑚) = (1, −1)
𝑢 𝑦 = −1 − 𝜆 E.E.: 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 3
𝑥−4 𝑦+1
E.Sim.: =
1 −1

c) 𝑃0 (2, −3) ∈ 𝑙
5
𝑃1 (0, ) ∈ 𝑙 E.V.P.: ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (2, −3) + 𝜆(6, −14)
𝑂𝑃 E.G.: 14𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 10 = 0
3 𝑥 𝑦
−14 𝑥 = 2 + 6𝜆 E.Seg.: + ⁄ =1
⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑢 𝑃1 𝑃0 = (2, ) E.C.P.: {
𝑦 = −3 − 14𝜆

5 7 5 3
3 7 5
⃗ = (6, −14)
𝑢 𝑥−2 𝑦+3 E.E.: 𝑦=− 𝑥+
E.Sim.: = 3 3
6 −14

d) 𝑃0 (1,2) ∈ 𝑙 𝑙 ∥ 𝑟: 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 4 = 0 E.V.P.: ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (1,2) + 𝜆(2, −1)


𝑂𝑃 E.G.: 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 5 = 0
𝑥 𝑦
𝑢
⃗𝑙 =𝑢 ⃗ 𝑟 = (2, −1) 𝑥 = 1 + 2𝜆 E.Seg.: + ⁄ =1
E.C.P.: { 5 5 2
𝑦 = 2−𝜆 1 5
𝑥−1 𝑦−2 E.E.: 𝑦=− 𝑥+
E.Sim.: = 2 2
2 −1

e) 𝑃0 (0,0) ∈ 𝑙 𝑙 ⊥ 𝑟: 𝑦 + 2𝑥 − 2 = 0 E.V.P.: ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (0,0) + 𝜆(2,1)


𝑂𝑃 E.G.: 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0
𝑢⃗ 𝑙 = 𝑛⃗𝑟 = (2,1) 𝑥 = 2𝜆 E.Seg.: No corta a los ejes
E.C.P.: { 1
𝑦=𝜆 E.E.: 𝑦= 𝑥
𝑥 𝑦 2
E.Sim.: =
2 1

2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 8 = 0 E.V.P.: ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑃 = (1,6) + 𝜆(1, −2) E.G.: 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 8 = 0
⃗⃗ = (2,1)
f) 𝑃0 {3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 9 = 0 ∈ 𝑙 𝑙 ⊥ 𝑤 𝑥 𝑦
𝑥 = 1+𝜆 E.Seg.: + =1
⃗ 𝑙 = (1, −2)
𝑢 E.C.P.: { 4 8
𝑦 = 6 − 2𝜆 E.E.: 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 8
𝑥−1 𝑦−6
E.Sim.: =
𝑃0 es el resultado de resolver el 1 −2
sistema de ecuaciones:

𝑃0 (1,6) ∈ 𝑙
Álgebra y Geometría Analítica 2018 TP7: Rectas (I)

a) 𝑃0 (1, −2,5) ∈ 𝑙 ⃗ = (3,1, −2)


𝑙∥𝑢 E.V.P.: ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑃 = (1, −2,5) + 𝜆(3,1, −2)
𝑥 = 1 + 3𝜆
E.C.P.: {𝑦 = −2 + 𝜆
𝑧 = 5 − 2𝜆
𝑥−1 𝑦+2 𝑧−5
E.Sim.: = =
3 1 −2

𝑥 = 3𝜆 E.V.P.: ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑃 = (0,1, −5) + 𝜆(3,1,2)
b) 𝑃0 (0,1, −5) ∈ 𝑙 𝑙 ∥ 𝑟: { 𝑦 = 𝜆 𝑥 = 3𝜆
𝑧 = 2 + 2𝜆 E.C.P.: { 𝑦 = 1 + 𝜆
𝑢 ⃗ 𝑟 = (3,1,2)
⃗𝑙 =𝑢 𝑧 = −5 + 2𝜆
𝑥 𝑦−1 𝑧+5
E.Sim.: = =
3 1 2

c) 𝑃0 (−4,2,5) ∈ 𝑙 𝑙 ∥ 𝑜𝑧
⃗⃗⃗⃗ E.V.P.: ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑃 = (−4,2,5) + 𝜆(0,0,1)
𝑢 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (0,0,1)
⃗ = 𝑜𝑧 𝑥 = −4
E.C.P.: { 𝑦=2
𝑧 =5+𝜆

d) 𝑃0 (1, −2,5) ∈ 𝑙 𝑃0 (−2,1,0) ∈ 𝑙 E.V.P.: ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗


𝑂𝑃 = (1, −2,5) + 𝜆(3, −3,5)
⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑢 𝑃1 𝑃0 = (3, −3,5) 𝑥 = 1 + 3𝜆
E.C.P.: {𝑦 = −2 − 3𝜆
𝑧 = 5 + 5𝜆
𝑥−1 𝑦+2 𝑧−5
E.Sim.: = =
3 −3 5

e) 𝑃0 (1, −3,0) ∈ 𝑙 𝑙∥𝑢⃗ ×𝑣 𝑢⃗ = (1, −1,2), 𝑣 = (2,0,0) E.V.P.: ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗


𝑂𝑃 = (1, −3,0) + 𝜆(0,4,2)
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘 𝑥=1
𝑢𝑙 = 𝑢
⃗⃗⃗ ⃗ × 𝑣 = |1 −1 2| = (0,4,2) E.C.P.: {𝑦 = −3 + 4𝜆
2 0 0 𝑧 = 2𝜆
𝑦+3 𝑧
E.Sim.: =
4 2

𝑥 =1−𝜆 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (2, −1, −3) + 𝜆(2,1, −1)


f) 𝑃0 (2, −1, −3) ∈ 𝑙 𝑙 ⊥ 𝑟1 : {𝑦 = 2 + 2𝜆 𝑙 ⊥ 𝑟2 : ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑃 = (1,1,1) + 𝜆(2, −1,3)
E.V.P.: 𝑂𝑃
𝑧=2 𝑥 = 2 + 2𝜆
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘 E.C.P.: {𝑦 = −1 + 𝜆
𝑢
⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗
𝑟1 × 𝑟⃗⃗⃗2 = |−1 2 0| = (6,3, −3) 𝑧 = −3 − 𝜆
𝑥−2 𝑦+1 𝑧+3
2 −1 3 E.Sim.: = =
2 1 −1
⃗ = (2,1, −1)
𝑢

3 Para saber si 2 rectas son paralelas o perpendiculares, comparamos sus vectores direcciones.

𝑙1 : 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 7 = 0 𝑙2 : 𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 11 𝑥 𝑦
𝑙3 : − =1
16 12
⃗⃗⃗⃗1 = (−3,4)
𝑢 𝑢2 = (1,4)
⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑢3 = (4,3)
⃗⃗⃗⃗

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (−1,3) + 𝜆(3, −4)


𝑙4 : 𝑂𝑃 𝑥 = −2 − 4𝜆 𝑥+1
𝑙5 : { 𝑙6 : − (𝑦 + 2) = 0
𝑦 = −3 + 𝜆 4
𝑢4 = (3, −4)
⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑢5 = (−4,1)
⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑢6 = (4,1)
⃗⃗⃗⃗

Entonces: 𝑙1 ∥ 𝑙4 𝑙1 ⊥ 𝑙3 𝑙4 ⊥ 𝑙3 𝑙2 ⊥ 𝑙5
Álgebra y Geometría Analítica 2018 TP7: Rectas (I)

4
𝑥 = 1 + 2𝜆 𝑥 = 7 − 2𝜆
𝑥−2 𝑦−5 𝑧
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (2, −1,1) + 𝜆(6,9, 𝑘)
a) 𝑙1 : 𝑂𝑃 𝑙2 : { 𝑦 = 3𝜆 b) 𝑙1 : = =
𝑙2 : {𝑦 = −1 − 𝜆
𝑘 1 −1
𝑧 = 2 − 5𝜆 𝑧 = 5 + 5𝜆
⃗⃗⃗⃗1 = (6,9, 𝑘)
𝑢 𝑢2 = (2,3, −5)
⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 = (𝑘, 1, −1)
𝑢 𝑢2 = (−2, −1,5)
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑙1 ∥ 𝑙2 ⟹ 𝑢 ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ∥ 𝑢
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 ⟹ 𝑢
⃗⃗⃗⃗1 × 𝑢
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = 0 𝑙1 ⊥ 𝑙2 ⟹ 𝑢 ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ⊥ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑢2 ⟹ 𝑢 ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 · ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑢2 = 0
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘 (𝑘, 1, −1) · (−2, −1,5) = 0
|6 9 𝑘 | = (0,0,0) −2𝑘 − 1 − 5 = 0
2 3 −5 𝑘 = −3
(−45 − 3𝑘, 2𝑘 + 30, 0) = (0,0,0)
−45 − 3𝑘 = 0
{ 2𝑘 + 30 = 0 ⟹ 𝑘 = −15
0=0

a)𝑙: 13𝑥 + (2 − 𝑘)𝑦 − 23 = 0 b) 𝑙: 𝑘 2 𝑥 + (𝑘 2 − 1)𝑦 − 18 = 0 c) 𝑙: 𝑘 2 𝑥 + (𝑘 2 − 1)𝑦 − 18 = 0


𝑃0 (2, −3) ∈ 𝑙 𝑙 ∥ 𝑟: 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 7 = 0 𝑙 ⊥ 𝑟: 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 7 = 0
𝑢𝑙 = (1 − 𝑘 2 , 𝑘 2 ) ⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗ 𝑢𝑟 = (3, −4) 𝑢𝑙 = (1 − 𝑘 2 , 𝑘 2 ) ⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗ 𝑢𝑟 = (3, −4)
13(2) + (2 − 𝑘)(−3) − 23 = 0
26 − 6 + 3𝑘 − 23 = 0 ⃗⃗⃗𝑙 × ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑢 𝑢𝑟 = 0 ⃗⃗⃗𝑙 · ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑢 𝑢𝑟 = 0
𝑘=1
| 1 − 𝑘2 𝑘2 | = 0 (1 − 𝑘 2 , 𝑘 2 ) · (3, −4) = 0
3 −4 3 − 3𝑘 2 − 4𝑘 2 = 0
(1 − 𝑘 2 )(−4) − 3𝑘 2 = 0 −7𝑘 2 + 3 = 0
−4 + 4𝑘 2 − 3𝑘 2 = 0 3
−4 + 𝑘 2 = 0 𝑘 = ±√
7
𝑘 = ±2

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ·𝑢
𝑢 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
6 El ángulo entre 2 rectas (𝑙1 𝑦 𝑙2 ) es: 𝜑𝑙1 ,𝑙2 = 𝜑𝑢⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ,𝑢⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos |𝑢⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗1|.|𝑢⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗2 |
1 2

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ·𝑛
𝑛 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝜑𝑙1 ,𝑙2 = 𝜑𝑛⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ,𝑛⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos |𝑛⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗1|.|𝑛⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗2 |
1 2

𝑥−3 𝑦+1 𝑥 = −4 − 3𝜆
a) 𝑙1 : = ⋀ 𝑙2 : { ⟹ ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 = (2,3) ⋀ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑢 𝑢2 = (−3,1)
2 3 𝑦 = 5+𝜆
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ·𝑢
𝑢 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ (2,3)·(−3,1) −6+3 −3
𝜑𝑙1 ,𝑙2 = 𝜑𝑢⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ,𝑢⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos |𝑢⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗1|.|𝑢⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗2 | = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos |(2,3)|.|(−3,1)| = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos = 105.25º
1 2 √13.√10 √130

3 1
b) 𝑙1 : 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 12 = 0 ⋀ 𝑙2 : 𝑦 = − 𝑥 − ⟹ ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 = (4, −3) ⋀ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑢 𝑢2 = (4, −3)
4 8
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ·𝑢
𝑢 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ (4,−3)·(4,−3) 16+9 25
𝜑𝑙1 ,𝑙2 = 𝜑𝑢⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ,𝑢⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos |𝑢⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗1|.|𝑢⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗2 | = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos |(4,−3)|.|(4,−3)| = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos = 0º
1 2 √25.√25 25

𝑥−1 𝑦+2 𝑧−4 𝑥+2 𝑦−3 𝑧+4


c) 𝑙1 : = = ⋀ 𝑙2 : = = ⟹ ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 = (6, −3, −6) ⋀ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑢 𝑢2 = (3,6 − 2)
6 −3 −6 3 6 −2
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ·𝑢
𝑢 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ (6,−3,−6)·(3,6−2) 18−18+12 12
𝜑𝑙1 ,𝑙2 = 𝜑𝑢⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ,𝑢⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos |𝑢⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗1|.|𝑢⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗2 | = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos |(6,−3,−6)|.|(3,6−2)| = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos = 79.02º
1 2 9.7 63

𝑥 = 1 + 2𝜆
d) 𝑙1 : { 𝑦 = 3𝜆 ⋀ 𝑙2 : 𝑂𝑃 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (2, −1,1) + 𝜆(6,9, −15) ⟹ ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 = (2, −1,1) ⋀ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑢 𝑢2 = (6,9, −15)
𝑧 = 2 − 5𝜆
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ·𝑢
𝑢 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ (2,−1,1)·(6,9,−15) 12−9−15 −12
𝜑𝑙1 ,𝑙2 = 𝜑𝑢⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ,𝑢⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos |𝑢⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗1|.|𝑢⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗2 | = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos |(2,−1,1)|.|(6,9,−15)| = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos = 105.36º
1 2 √6.√342 √2052
Álgebra y Geometría Analítica 2018 TP7: Rectas (I)

|𝐴𝑥1 +𝐵𝑦1 +𝐶|


7 Dada una recta 𝑙 y un punto externo a la recta 𝑃1 (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ), la distancia entre ambos es: 𝑑𝑙,𝑃1 =
√𝐴2 +𝐵2

|𝑢 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗ ×𝑃 0 𝑃1 |
𝑑𝑙,𝑃1 = |𝑢
⃗|

|𝐶2 −𝐶1 |
Dadas 2 rectas paralelas 𝑙1 𝑦 𝑙2 , la distancia entre ellas es: 𝑑𝑙1 ,𝑙2 =
√𝐴2 +𝐵2

a) 𝑃1 (2, −3) ∉ 𝑙 𝑙: 4𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 10 = 0 b) 𝑙1 : 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 8 = 0 𝑙2 : 6𝑥 − 8𝑦 + 9 = 0
↓x2
|𝐴𝑥1 +𝐵𝑦1 +𝐶| 𝑙1 : 6𝑥 − 8𝑦 + 16 = 0
𝑑𝑙,𝑃1 =
√𝐴2 +𝐵2
|4.(2)−5.(−3)+10| 33 33√41
𝑑𝑙,𝑃1 = = = 𝑑𝑙1 ,𝑙2 =
|𝐶2 −𝐶1 |
=
|16−9|
=
7
√42 +(−5)2 √41 41
√𝐴2 +𝐵2 √62 +(−8)2 10

c) 𝑃1 (7,7,4) ∉ 𝑙 𝑙: 𝑥 =
𝑦−6
=
𝑧+8 𝑥 = 1 + 3𝜆
−6 6 𝑥−2 𝑦−2 𝑧−8
d) 𝑙1 : = = 𝑙2 : { 𝑦 = 2 + 4𝜆
𝑃0 (0,6, −8) ∈ 𝑙 ⃗ = (1, −6,6)
𝑢 3 4 −4
𝑧 = −3 − 4𝜆
𝑃1 (2,2,8) ∈ 𝑙1 𝑃2 (1,2, −3) ∈ 𝑙2
|𝑢 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗ ×𝑃 0 𝑃1 |
𝑑𝑙,𝑃1 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 = (3,4, −4)
𝑢 𝑢2 = (3,4, −4)
⃗⃗⃗⃗
|𝑢
⃗|
|(1,−6,6)×(7,1,12)|
𝑑𝑙,𝑃1 = |(1,−6,6)| |𝑢 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗ ×𝑃 1 𝑃2 |
|(1,−6,6)×(7,1,12)|
𝑑𝑙1 ,𝑙2 = 𝑑𝑙2 ,𝑃1 = |𝑢
⃗|
𝑑𝑙,𝑃1 = |(1,−6,6)| |(3,4,−4)×(−1,0,−11)|
𝑑𝑙1 ,𝑙2 = |(3,4,−4)|
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
||1 −6 6 || 𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
7 1 12 || 3 4 −4 ||
𝑑𝑙,𝑃1 = −1 0 −11
√12 +(−6)2 +62 𝑑𝑙1 ,𝑙2 =
|(−78,30,43)| √8833 √32 +42 +(−4)2
𝑑𝑙,𝑃1 = = = 11 |(−44,37,4)| √3321
√ 73 √73 𝑑𝑙1 ,𝑙2 = = =9
√41 √41

You might also like