Álgebra y Geometría Analítica 2018 TP5: Vectores (I)

1 i) P0(2,-3); P1(-2,-5); P2(-1,1); P3(-2,3,5); P4(5,-2,-3); P5(0,1,1)

⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑
𝑃0 𝑃1 = (-2,-5)-(2,-3) = (-4,-2) ⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑
𝑃2 𝑃0 = (2,-3)-(-1,1) = (3,-4) ⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑
𝑃0 𝑃2 = (-1,1)-(2,-3) = (-3,4)
⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑
𝑃3 𝑃4 = (5,-2,-3)-(-2,3,5) = (7,-5,-8) ⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑
𝑃4 𝑃3 = (-2,3,5)-(5,-2,-3) = (-7,5,8) ⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑
𝑃5 𝑃4 = (5,-2,-3)-(0,1,1) = (5,-3,-4)
ii)

⃑ = ⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑
𝑢 𝐴𝐵 = (5,7, −2); 𝐴 = (2, −3,1) ⇒ 𝐵 = (7,4, −1) ⃑⃑ = ⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑
𝑤 𝐴𝐵 = (−5,2, −3); 𝐵 = (−2,0, −2) ⇒ 𝐴 = (3, −2,1)
⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑
𝑣 = 𝐴𝐵 = (2, −3, −5); 𝐴 = (−1, −2,5) ⇒ 𝐵 = (1, −5,0) 𝑥 = ⃑⃑⃑⃑⃑
𝐴𝐵 = (−2,3,0); 𝐵 = (3,2, −2) ⇒ 𝐴 = (5, −1, −2)

2 Encontrar: 𝑢
⃑ +𝑣 𝑢
⃑ −𝑣 3𝑢
⃑ − 2𝑣

⃑ = (−1,3)
a) 𝑢 𝑢
⃑ +𝑣 𝑢
⃑ −𝑣 3𝑢
⃑ − 2𝑣
𝑣 = (2,4) (−1,3) + (2,4) = (1,7) (−1,3) − (2,4) = (−3, −1) 3(−1,3) − 2(2,4)
(−3,9) + (−4, −8) = (−7,1)

⃑ = (−4, −3)
b) 𝑢 𝑢
⃑ +𝑣 𝑢
⃑ −𝑣 3𝑢
⃑ − 2𝑣
𝑣 = (5,2) (−4, −3) + (5,2) = (1, −1) (−4, −3) − (5,2) = (−9, −5) 3(−4, −3) − 2(5,2)
(−12, −9) + (−10, −4) = (−22, −13)

⃑ = (3,2)
c) 𝑢 𝑢
⃑ +𝑣 𝑢
⃑ −𝑣 3𝑢
⃑ − 2𝑣
𝑣 = (−2,0) (3,2) + (−2,0) = (1,2) (3,2) − (−2,0) = (5,2) 3(3,2) − 2(−2,0)
(9,6) + (4,0) = (13,6)

⃑ = 2𝑖 − 3𝑗 = (2, −3)
3 i) 𝑢 𝑣 = −5𝑖 − 5𝑗 = (−5, −5) ⃑⃑ = 𝑖 + 𝑗 = (1,1)
𝑤

⃑ ∙ (7𝑣 + 𝑤
a) 𝑢 ⃑⃑ ) b) −2(𝑣 − 8𝑤 ⃑⃑ ) c) |𝑢
⃑ |. (𝑣 ∙ 𝑤
⃑⃑ )
(2,-3).[7(-5,-5)+(1,1)] -2.[(-5,-5)-8(1,1)] √2 + (−3)2 . [(−5, −5) ∙ (1,1)]
2
(2,-3).[(-35,-35)+(1,1)] -2.[(-5,-5)-(8,8)] √13. (−5 − 5)
(2,-3).(-34,-34) -2.(-13,-13) −10√13
(2).(-34)+(-3).(-34) = 34 (26,26)

d) (|𝑢
⃑ |. 𝑣 ) ∙ 𝑤
⃑⃑ e) |2𝑢
⃑ − 𝑣 |. (𝑤 ⃑)
⃑⃑ ∙ 𝑢 f) (𝑢
⃑ +𝑤 ⃑⃑ ) ∙ 𝑤
⃑⃑
|2(2, −3) − (−5, −5)|. [(1,1) ∙ (2, −3)] [(2,-3)+(1,1)].(1,1)
(√13. (−5, −5)) ∙ (1,1)
|(4, −6) − (−5, −5)|. (2 − 3) (3,-2).(1,1)
(−5√13, −5√13) ∙ (1,1) |(9, −1)|. (−1) 3-2 = 1
−5√13 − 5√13 √92 + (−1)2 . (−1) = −√82.
−10√13

⃑ = (5, −1,3)
3 ii) 𝑢 𝑣 = (0,8, −2) ⃑⃑ = (3, −2,1)
𝑤

a) −3. (𝑣 − 8𝑤 ⃑⃑ ) b) 5. (𝑣 + 4𝑢⃑) c) (2𝑢 ⃑⃑ ) + (8𝑣 + 𝑢

⃑ − 7𝑤 ⃑)
-3.[(0,8,-2)-8(3,-2,1)] 5.[(0,8,-2)+4(5,-1,3)] [2(5,-1,3)-7(3,-2,1)]+[8(0,8,-2)+(5,-1,3)]
-3.[(0,8,-2)-(24,-16,8)] 5.[(0,8,-2)+(20,-4,12)] [(10,-2,6)-(21,-14,7)]+[(0,64,-16)+(5,-1,3)]
-3.(-24,24,-10) = (72,-72,30) 5.(20,4,10) = (100,20,50) (-11,12,-1)+(5,63,-13) = (-6,75,-14)

d) |𝑢
⃑ + 𝑣 |. (𝑢 ⃑⃑ )
⃑ ∙𝑤 e) |𝑢
⃑ | + |𝑣 | f) (𝑢
⃑ ∙ 𝑣 ). 𝑤
⃑⃑
|(5, −1,3) + (0,8, −2)|. [(5, −1,3) ∙ (3, −2,1)] √52 + (−1)2 + 32 + √02 + 82 + (−2)2 [(5,-1,3).(0,8,-2)].(3,-2,1)
|(5,7,1)|. [5.3 + (−1)(−2) + 3.1]
√35 + √68 (0-8-6).(3,-2,1)
√52 + 72 + 12 . 20 √35 + 2√17 -14.(3,-2,1) = (-42,28,-14)
100√3

⃑ ∙ (𝑣 + 𝑤
g) 𝑢 ⃑⃑ ) h) (𝑢
⃑ − 𝑣) ∙ 𝑤⃑⃑
(5,-1,3).[(0,8,-2)+(3,-2,1)] [(5,-1,3)-(0,8,-2)].(3,-2,1)
(5,-1,3).(3,6,-1) (5,-9,5).(3,-2,1)
15-6-3 = 6 15+18+5 = 38
Álgebra y Geometría Analítica 2018 TP5: Vectores (I)

4 ⃑ = (−4,3)
𝑢 𝑣 = (2, −5)
5 b) 𝑤
⃑⃑ = 2𝑢
⃑ + 3𝑣 c) 𝑢
⃑ +𝑤⃑⃑ = 2𝑢
⃑ −𝑣
a) 𝑤
⃑⃑ = 𝑣
2
5 𝑤
⃑⃑ = 2(−4,3) + 3(2, −5) 𝑤
⃑⃑ = 𝑢
⃑ −𝑣
𝑤
⃑⃑ = (2, −5) ⃑⃑ = (−8,6) + (6, −15)
𝑤 ⃑⃑ = (−4,3) − (2, −5)
𝑤
2
25
𝑤
⃑⃑ = (5, − ) ⃑⃑ = (−2, −9)
𝑤 ⃑⃑ = (−6,8)
𝑤
2

5 ⃑ = (−2, −1,3)
𝑢 𝑣 = (4,0, −2) ⃑⃑ = (4,1, −6)
𝑤
1 b) 𝑦 + 3𝑢⃑ − 2𝑣 = 5𝑦 + 2𝑤 ⃑⃑
a) 𝛼. 𝑢 ⃑⃑ + 𝛽𝑣 = (4,0,2)
⃑ + 𝜆. 𝑤
2
1 𝑦 − 5𝑦 = −3𝑢 ⃑ + 2𝑣 + 2𝑤 ⃑⃑
𝛼. (−2, −1,3) + 𝜆. (4,1, −6) + 𝛽(4,0, −2) = (4,0,2) −4𝑦 = −3𝑢 ⃑ + 2𝑣 + 2𝑤⃑⃑
2
(−2𝛼, −𝛼, 3𝛼) + (4𝜆, 𝜆, −𝜆) + (2𝛽, 0, −𝛽) = (4,0,2) −4𝑦 = −3(−2, −1,3) + 2(4,0, −2) + 2(4,1, −6)
−4𝑦 = (6,3, −9) + (8,0, −4) + (8,2, −12)
↓ Se puede formar el sistema de ecuaciones: −4𝑦 = (22,5, −25)
(22,5,−25) 11 5 25
4
𝑦= = (− , − , )
−4 2 4 4
𝛼=
−2𝛼 + 4𝜆 + 2𝛽 = 4 3
4
{ −𝛼 + 𝜆 = 0 resolviéndolo: 𝜆=
3
3𝛼 − 𝜆 − 𝛽 = 2 2
𝛽=
3

c) 2𝑥 + 𝑢⃑ −𝑤 ⃑⃑ = 4𝑥 + 2𝑣 d) 𝑥. (2,4,3) + 𝑦. (1,2, −3) + 𝑧(0,0,3) = (1,2,3)

2𝑥 − 4𝑥 = 2𝑣 − 𝑢 ⃑ +𝑤⃑⃑ (2𝑥, 4𝑥, 3𝑥) + (𝑦, 2𝑦, −3𝑦) + (0,0,3𝑧) = (1,2,3)
−2𝑥 = 2𝑣 − 𝑢 ⃑ +𝑤⃑⃑
−2𝑥 = 2(4,0, −2) − (−2, −1,3) + (4,1, −6) ↓ Se puede formar el sistema de ecuaciones:
−2𝑥 = (8,0, −4) − (−2, −1,3) + (4,1, −6)
−2𝑥 = (14,2, −13) 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1
(14,2,−13) 13 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 2
𝑥= = (−7, −1, ) {
−2 2
3𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 3

Al intentar resolverlo se encuentra que es un Sistema de

Ecuaciones Lineales Compatible Indeterminado, cuya
solución general es: (x, 1-2x, 2-3x)

6 ⃑ = (2, −2,3)
𝑢 𝑣 = (1, −3,4) ⃑⃑ = (3,6, −4)
𝑤

a) |𝑢
⃑ + 𝑣| b) |𝑢
⃑ | + |𝑣 | c) |−2𝑢
⃑ | + 2|𝑢
⃑|
|(2, −2,3) + (1, −3,4)| |(2, −2,3)| + |(1, −3,4)| |−2(2, −2,3)| + 2|(2, −2,3)|
|(3, −5,7)| √22 + (−2)2 + 32 + √12 + (−3)2 + 42 |(−4,4, −6)| + 2√22 + (−2)2 + 32
√32 + (−5)2 + 72 = √83 √17 + √26 √(−4)2 + 42 + (−6)2 + 2. √17
√68 + 2. √17
2√17 + 2. √17 = 4√17

1
d) |3𝑢 ⃑⃑ |
⃑ − 5𝑣 + 𝑤 e) |𝑤 .𝑤
⃑⃑ f) ||𝑤
1
.𝑤
⃑⃑ |
⃑⃑ | ⃑⃑ |
|3(2, −2,3) − 5(1, −3,4) + (3,6, −4)| 1 3 6 4
|(6, −6,9) − (5, −15,20) + (3,6, −4)| |(3,6,−4)|
. (3,6, −4) |( , , − )|
√61 √61 √61
|(4,15, −15)| 1
. (3,6, −4) 3 2 6 2 4 2
√42 + 152 + (−15)2 = √466 √32 +62 +(−4)2 √ + + (− ) =1
(3,6,−4) 3 6 4 √61 √61 √61
=( , ,− )
√61 √61 √61 √61
Álgebra y Geometría Analítica 2018 TP5: Vectores (I)

⃑ ∙𝑣
𝑢 ⃑
7 El ángulo entre vectores se calcula como: 𝜑 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos |𝑢⃑|.|𝑣⃑|

Sí 2 vectores son perpendiculares, entonces su producto escalar es nulo: 𝑢

⃑ ∙𝑣 =0

Sí 2 vectores son paralelos, entonces su producto vectorial es nulo: 𝑢

⃑ × 𝑣 = 0, y son proporcionales: 𝑢
⃑ = 𝑘. 𝑣

⃑ = (2,4)
a.i) 𝑢 𝑣 = (−1, −2) ⃑ = (2,1,1)
a.ii) 𝑢 𝑣 = (1, −1,2)
𝑢⃑ ∙𝑣
⃑ (2,4)∙(−1,−2) ⃑ ∙𝑣
𝑢 ⃑ (2,1,1)∙(1,−1,2)
𝜑= 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos |𝑢⃑|.|𝑣⃑| = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠 |(2,4)|.|(−1,−2)| 𝜑= 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos |𝑢⃑|.|𝑣⃑| = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠 |(2,1,1)|.|(1,−1,2)|
−2−8 −10 2−1+2 3
𝜑= 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠 = 180º 𝜑= 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠 = 60º
√20.√5 10 √6.√6 6

⃑ = (𝛼, 1) 𝑣 = (4, −3)

b.i) 𝑢 y 𝑢
⃑ ⊥𝑣 ⃑ = (𝛼, 1) 𝑣 = (4, −3)
b.ii) 𝑢 y 𝑢
⃑ ∥𝑣
𝑢
⃑ ∙𝑣=0 𝑢
⃑ ×𝑣 =0
(𝛼, 1) ∙ (4, −3) = 0 𝛼 1
| | = −3𝛼 − 4 = 0
4𝛼 − 3 = 0 4 −3
4
𝛼=
3 𝛼=−
4 3

𝜋
c.i) 𝑏⃑ = (𝑏1 , 𝑏2 , 0), 𝑎 = (1,0,1), 𝜑𝑎⃑,𝑏⃑ = 45º, |𝑏⃑| = 2 c.ii) 𝑏⃑ = (𝑏1 , 𝑏2 , 0), 𝑎 = (−1,0,0), 𝜑𝑎⃑,𝑏⃑ = = 60º, |𝑏⃑| = 1
3
𝑎 · 𝑏⃑ = |𝑎|. |𝑏⃑|. cos 𝜑 ⃑
𝑎⃑,𝑏 𝑎 · 𝑏⃑ = |𝑎|. |𝑏⃑|. cos 𝜑 ⃑
⃑ ,𝑏
𝑎
(1,0,1) · (𝑏1 , 𝑏2 , 0) = √12 + 02 + 12 . 2. cos 45º (−1,0,0) · (𝑏1 , 𝑏2 , 0) = √(−1)2 + 02 + 02 . 1. cos 60º
√2 1 1
𝑏1 = √2. 2. =2 −𝑏1 = 1.1. =
2 2 2
1
𝑏1 = −
|𝑏⃑| = √𝑏1 2 + 𝑏2 2 + 02 2

|𝑏⃑| = √𝑏1 2 + 𝑏2 2 + 02
2 = √22 + 𝑏2 2 + 02
1 2
𝑏2 = 0 1 = √(− ) + 𝑏2 2 + 02
2
√3
𝑏2 =
2

8 ⃑ = (2, −2,3)
𝑢 𝑣 = (3, −3,2) ⃑⃑ = (𝛼, −10, 𝛽)
𝑤

⃑⃑ ∥ (𝑣 + 𝑢
a) 𝑤 ⃑) ⃑⃑ ∥ (𝑣 − 𝑢
b) 𝑤 ⃑)
𝑣+𝑢 ⃑ = (5, −5,5) 𝑣+𝑢 ⃑ = (1, −1, −1)
𝑤⃑⃑ = 𝑘. (𝑣 + 𝑢
⃑) ⃑⃑ = 𝑘. (𝑣 − 𝑢
𝑤 ⃑)
(𝛼, −10, 𝛽) = 𝑘. (5, −5,5) → 𝑘 =2 (𝛼, −10, 𝛽) = 𝑘. (1, −1, −1) → 𝑘 =10
𝑤⃑⃑ = (10, −10,10) ⃑⃑ = (10, −10, −10)
𝑤

⃑⃑ ⊥ (𝑣 − 𝑢
c) 𝑤 ⃑) |𝑤
⃑⃑ | = 10√6 d) 𝑤
⃑⃑ ⊥ 𝑢
⃑, 𝑤
⃑⃑ ⊥ 𝑣
𝑣−𝑢 ⃑ = (1, −1, −1)
⃑⃑ · (𝑣 − 𝑢
𝑤 ⃑)=0 𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
(𝛼, −10, 𝛽) · (1, −1, −1) = 0 𝑢
⃑ × 𝑣 = |2 −2 3| = (5,5,0)
𝛼 + 10 − 𝛽 = 0 3 −3 2
𝛼 + 10 = 𝛽
⃑⃑ = 𝑘. (𝑢
𝑤 ⃑ × 𝑣)
(𝛼, −10, 𝛽) = 𝑘. (5,5,0) → 𝑘 = −2
|𝑤
⃑⃑ | = √𝛼 2 + (−10)2 + 𝛽 2
⃑⃑ = (−10, −10,0)
𝑤
10√6 = √𝛼 2 + (−10)2 + (𝛼 + 10)2
600 = 𝛼 2 + 100 + 𝛼 2 + 20𝛼 + 100
0 = 2𝛼 2 + 20𝛼 − 400

𝛼1 = −20 𝛽1 = −10
𝛼2 = 10 𝛽2 = 20
Álgebra y Geometría Analítica 2018 TP5: Vectores (I)

9 ⃑ = (3,2, −1)
𝑢 𝑣 = (0,2, −3) ⃑⃑ = (2,6,7)
𝑤

⃑ × (𝑣 − 2𝑤
a) 𝑢 ⃑⃑ ) b) (𝑢
⃑ × 𝑣 ) − 2𝑤
⃑⃑
(3,2, −1) × [(0,2, −3) − 2(2,6,7)] [(3,2, −1) × (0,2, −3)] − 2(2,6,7)
(3,2, −1) × [(0,2, −3) − (4,12,14)] (−4,9,6) − (4,12,14)
(3,2, −1) × (−4, −10, −17) (−8, −3, −8)
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
|3 2 −1 | = (−44,55, −22)
−4 −10 −17

⃑ × (𝑣 × 𝑤
c) 𝑢 ⃑⃑ ) d) (𝑢
⃑ × 𝑣) × 𝑤
⃑⃑
(3,2, −1) × [(0,2, −3) × (2,6,7)] [(3,2, −1) × (0,2, −3)] × (2,6,7)
(3,2, −1) × (32, −6, −4) (−4,9,6) × (2,6,7)
(−14, −20, −82) (27,40, −42)