BRIEF LITERATURE OF THE STUDY

“GENDER EQUALITY – A FEEL GOOD NORM?”

Katia Schnellecke (2013)- Reasons for the Promotion of Gender Equality Before analyzing the
promotion of the gender equality norm, different reasons shall be outlined as to why the
achievement of gender equality is desirable and inevitable. Gender inequalities vary within
different societies and cultures. But generally, women are disadvantaged while men are
privileged by the societal and cultural structures (cf. Painter and Ulmer 2002: 7). Gender
balance is not only desirable for fairness and justice reasons, but also because gender
inequality is actually costly, especially for men. Violence is perceived as an acceptable measure
to solve conflicts not only between men but also between men and in women in some societies
(Painter and Ulmer 2002: 7). In addition, gender stereotypes about male sexuality lead to a
higher risk of HIV/AIDS infections for men (ibid.).

“A WOMAN’S RIGHT: PROMOTING THE PURSUIT OF GENDER EQUALITY IN THE

WORKPLACE”
Lauren Walker (April 2015)- “If we could get to a place of true equality, where what we do in life
is determined not by gender but by our passions and interests, our companies would be more
productive and our home lives not just better balanced but happier.” Sheryl Sandberg, “Now is
Our Time”
Gender equality is a fight that is ongoing. Since the influx of women in the workforce in the
1960s, the fight for equality in the workplace for pay, raises and promotions has been a top
priority. During the 1980s, the discrimination that women faced in the workplace was given a
specific phrase. On March 24, 1986, Carol Hyomowitz and Timothy Schellhardt were the first to
use the term “glass ceiling” in their Wall Street Journal article entitled “The Glass Ceiling: Why
Women Can’t Seem to Break the Invisible Barrier That Blocks Them from the Top Jobs.” In its
simplest form, the glass ceiling stood to represent the hidden barriers that women faced when
trying to get senior positions in the corporate world. (Wilson 84). In order for men and women to
better understand and prevent the discrimination caused by the glass ceiling, it is important to
take a look at the barriers that make up the glass ceiling. These barriers include compensation,
promotions, the company culture, communication differences, and the work-life balance.

“GENDER EQUALITY”
Queen Ang (2015)- In our recent time, it seems that everything that men can do, women
can already do it as well. A job for a man can also be a job for a woman. In
the old times, it is only man who works for the family but now, it also seems
that both husband and wife are to provide for the family and work for any legal
profession even without the consent of the other. It is much better if both spouses are working
for their family. We can also realize that before, only men can enter politics,
but now, there are women who occupied not only on the lower position in the
government, but also on the highest position such as former President Corazon Aquino
and Pampanga representative Former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. Currently, there
are news that again, a female candidate will run for presidency on the upcoming
election in 2016.

BOOKS
Makama (2013) demonstrate that gender inequality in Nigeria is both a cause and product of
poverty and underdevelopment.
Tadaro and Smith (2012) Inequality has short-and-long-term repercussion on human capital
development and for overall national socioeconomic development
Sen (1990) It is manifested in female social exclusion or, more accurately, their disproportionate
inclusion into the social political and economic system through the denial of opportunities rights
and entitlements.

JOURNAL
Newman Wadesango (October 2017)
“Sexual and reproductive health and rights: the key to gender equality”
Sexual and reproductive health and rights are fundamental human rights. Having access to
those rights will bring about huge changes to the lives of women and girls around the world.
Only when women and girls have those rights will we have gender equality, and only then will
we be able to tackle some of the world’s most pressing problems.
In this animation we have used the stories of two girls to illustrate what happens when you give
women and girls the power to decide for themselves and the ability to be in control of their own
bodies.It can make all the difference to individual lives as well as to the lives of families and the
communities they live in. All individuals should have equal opportunities. But there are huge
challenges to achieving equality. Society’s expectations for girls and women can limit their
opportunities across social, economic and political life. Across the globe, women and girls still
have lower status, fewer opportunities and lower income, less control over resources, and less
power than men and boys. Son preference continues to deny girls the education they have a
right to. And the burden of care work that women face impinges and intrudes on their
opportunities in education and work.
References:

https://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10063/2923/thesis.pdf?sequence=2
http://thesis.honors.olemiss.edu/358/1/THESIS___.pdf
https://www.scribd.com/document/305378414/Gender-Equality-Thesis-Queen-Ang
https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=MqjZDQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Gender+Equ
ality&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwji1uHIgdHcAhWPfysKHSP5AX0Q6AEINzAD#v=onepage&q=
Gender%20Equality&f=false
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09718923.2011.11892893
https://www.ippf.org/resource/Vision-2020-Gender-Report-interactive/
 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

This research study has specific objectives which are the following: [a] to gather data to know
the perceptions of Information Technology students on the rights of women in society. [b] to
develop the present knowledge available pertaining about women rights in society. [c] to
evaluate the perception capacities of Information Technology students relating to the rights of
women in society and [d] to discover and understand intensively the women rights in society.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1. Lack of Political and Economic Power

-It is an obvious fact that the most important political parts are played by male representatives.
This is caused by the factor that usually men have better financial opportunities, which lets them
realize their supremacy in politics.
-Consequently, women possess less economic power, as major influential people in global
economies are male.
-The factor which worsens the overall situation in absence of equality between genders is the
fact that specific women`s rights are influenced mostly by men. For example, birth control
access, paid sick leave, child care questions and equal wages are discussed and resolved
mostly by men.
2. Gender Roles and Stereotypes
-The concept of gender roles is based on certain stereotypes, which have been developed
historically as well as due to the biological factors.
-The female`s ability to give birth to children, her capacities and competence are mostly
associated with nurturing and caring. This determines a choice of the service sector
professions.
-Men are considered as bread-makers and workers, so they tend to have the jobs which are
more economically valuable. This results in such consequence as better payment to men doing
the same jobs as women (a so-called “wage gap”).
-There is one more critical issue due to gender inequality. It has a metaphorical nomination –
“glass ceiling” or “sticky floor”, which symbolizes women’s inability to achieve a top of career
ladder in certain companies.

3. Social Issues Caused by the Gender Inequality

-As women are considered to be a weaker sex (psychologically and physically), they more often
become the victims of the domestic violence. While writing your paper, you may review the
variety of domestic violence thesis statement examples to see the main set of problems
connected with this aspect.
-Women are not allowed to control their biological functions when it comes to abortion. Giving
birth to a child makes woman even less sustainable to the social and economic threats.
4. Ways to Manage the Gender Inequality
-Popularizing family planning campaign, when a woman can decide on the number of children
she desires to have.
-Women should be prevented from making illegal and not safe abortions, which are dangerous
to women reproductive system and overall health state.
-Reproductive and sexual rights should be provided to women. This can be applied by given an
easy access to reproductive medical services to them.
-One more helpful step to tackle the issue is promoting sexuality education and letting female
teenagers know about ways to protect themselves from AIDS, HIV and undesired pregnancies
as well as violence.
-Not only the countries with high economic level but also the countries which are less developed
should care about this issue. There are 18 countries in the world, where, according to statistics,
one woman has 5 children or more.

Importance of the Study

For Faculty

While we’re all exposed to gender stereotypes, young people are particularly susceptible to
them when forming an understanding of their place in society and their potential. The classroom
is an ideal environment to raise their awareness of these stereotypes and encourage critical
analysis in students so they’re equipped to come to their own informed conclusions.

Inspiring young people to question gender stereotypes enables them to make informed choices
about their futures and broaden their opportunities. As a teacher, you are in a position to call out
examples of gender stereotyping and encourage students to question and dispute them. This
might be through highlighting examples in teaching materials or through calling out students’
comments and behaviour.

Although you might not be making decisions about what texts and materials are on the syllabus,
you do have the opportunity to ask students to question gendered examples within those
materials. Suggest students consider the types of texts that are authored by women versus
men, to analyse the roles men versus women fill in texts’ examples or fictional characters.
Maths or sociology classes can provide an opportunity to look at statistics in areas such as
gender pay gaps, or gender-bias in careers and employment.
If you hear sexist comments from students, such as “you kick like a girl”, "man up" or “get back
in the kitchen” it’s important to discuss what these phrases mean and their consequences. Many
students will use this language without intending to insult, so it’s important to prompt them to
think about the underlying message and the impact their comments have, as opposed to simply
reprimanding or ‘banning’ such talk.

For School

The opportunity to attend school is a right that should be open to all children. Allowing girls to go
to school is vital for building their confidence and raising their expectations about what is
possible in the future. With an education, women can learn knowledge and skills, improving
themselves while helping their family and community. Equal Education Rights are therefore
vital.
Training both boys and girls to learn skills that are used in the workplace (such as the ability to
read and write) can increase the income of the family as women are also able to participate in
skilled labour. With this additional wealth it is possible for families to improve their living
conditions or earn enough to make sure their children can also attend school before getting a
skilled job or studying further at university.
The benefits of mothers being educated are also passed onto their children, especially girls, as
educated women are more likely to recognise and protect this right for sons and daughters
alike. As more members of a community are educated it is possible for new ideas to improve
and change aspects of daily life. Skills used in the workspace could also be applied to
community projects and improved female literacy encourages women to have a say in the
organisation of the community.
Receiving an education allows women to help the family in more ways than in the world of work,
as going to school provides girls with knowledge about healthcare and raising children,
information highly beneficial to the family. Recognising when a child is not healthy could be vital
in saving their life if women are both prepared and aware of how to respond to illnesses from
which young children are at risk.
Educated women are able to feed, care and educate their children as they are growing up and a
big part of a child’s development is through experience. As mothers, women have a role in
creating a home where learning is supported and encouraged by all more senior members of
the family, giving women a sense of responsibility and importance in the day to day running of
the household.
Central to a child’s development is being raised in a supportive family setting where all children,
especially girls, grow up with the confidence and understanding they have equal opportunities
as other members of their communities. The right to an education is crucial in providing girls
with this belief as well as the knowledge and skills learnt at school, for the aim of education is
not only to aid the individual but uplift the community. Providing girls as well as boys the chance
to learn is helpful not only to women themselves but also to children, husbands, families and
wider society, all of who can benefit in their daily lives from women being educated and
participating in the community.
For Students

The importance of womens right to students is that it will definitely open their minds that men
and woman are equal. It will give the students the basic ideas concerning key issues affecting
girls and women around the world. Some of these are the rght to education, opportunities in
employment and health rights to name a few. If the students will have a deeper understanding
on this matter they can definitely help addressing these issues thus they can help and provide
impact not only to their community but also in other areas in which women are treated second
class citizens.

For Parents

The importance of womens right to parents is that they will definitely learn about womens right
and issues affecting women thus having a deeper understanding on this matter they can also
promote equality and help prevent violence against women. They can be an effective catalyst of
change by imparting this knowledge of the right of the womens to their children who are
considered the next generation of leaders. Early childhood is a key developmental period when
children begin to learn about gender.

Gender is different from a person’s biological sex. A person’s sex is based on physical features
such as anatomy, hormones and reproductive organs. Their gender is the way they think and
act based on learned roles and social expectations.

From birth, children learn about gender-appropriate attitudes and behaviours through gender
socialisation. They learn to “do” gender through internalising gender norms and roles as they
interact with people around them.

Families are primary agents of gender socialisation, and often provide children’s first sources of
information and learning about gender.

Children begin to understand and act out gender roles and stereotypes at an early age.

The degree to which they internalise and adopt stereotyped attitudes and behaviours can
have long term effects on their attitudes, behaviours and values.

People who support rigid gender roles and relations are more likely to endorse attitudes that
justify, excuse, minimise or trivialise violence against women, or blame or hold women at least
partially responsible for the violence against them.

Not all boys who play with trucks are going to end up violent. But traditional masculine gender
roles and ideologies (for example, “men need to be tough”) are associated with men’s violence
against women.

Researchers have yet to carry out longitudinal (long-term) studies to directly track the impact of
early education in the home on outcomes related to gender equality and violence against
women.
However, research suggests parents can play an important role in promoting gender equality
and building children’s resilience to rigid gender stereotypes in early childhood, a key action to
prevent violence against women.
 Perception of Students on the rights of Women
in Society

Jonard John Dela Isla Prof. Malabanan

Ares Anthony Ocampos
Ginbert Magnaye
Kenneth Naparota
 Analysis and Interpretation

Result of the study

Table 1: Do you think women are treated fairly in our society?

ƒ %

YES 22 73%

NO 8 27%

73% of our respondents said YES they think women are treated fairly in our society and
27% of respondents said NO.

Table 2: Do you believe that women should have the same opportunities as men?

ƒ %

YES 29 97%

NO 1 3%

97% of our respondents said they believe that women should have the same
opportunities as men and 27% of respondents said NO.
 Table 3: How do you think women are treated in the following areas?

Education
ƒ %
Good 10 33%
Average 5 17%
Satisfactory 15 50%

50% of respondents said that women are treated as satisfactory in education, 33% of
respondents said good and 17% said Average.

Health
ƒ %
Good 9 30%
Average 8 27%
Satisfactory 13 43%

43% of respondents said that women are treated as satisfactory in health, 30% of
respondents said good and 27% said Average.

Employment
ƒ %
Good 12 40%
Average 10 33%
Satisfactory 8 27%

40% of respondents said that women are treated as good in employment, 33% of
respondents said average and 27% said satisfactory.
 Table 4: What problems do you think women are experiencing because of their gender?

ƒ %
They make fun of them 0 0%

They treat women as lower 9 30%

than men
They don’t trust the skills of 16 54%
the women
They don’t give big 4 13%
obligations to the women
Others 1 3%

54% of respondents think that the main problem women experiencing because of their
gender is they don’t trust their skills and 30% said that women are treated lower than men
moreover 13% said that women have never got big obligations and 1% said none.

Table 5: What are the common stereotypes you hear about women?

ƒ %
Women are supposed to do 20 67%
housework
Women are never in charge 3 10%
to go in work
Women are better at raising 1 3%
children/s
Women are not strong as 6 20%
man

67% of respondents here women are supposed to do housework other 20% here women
are not strong as men moreover 10% here women are never in charge to go in work and 3%
here women are better at raising children.
 Table 6: What do you think could be done to prevent stereotypes over women?

ƒ %

Stand-up for your right 14 47%

Raising awareness 16 53%

Become an activist 0 0%

53% of respondents think raising awareness will prevent stereo types over women, 47%
think stand-up for your right is the solution and no one think that becoming an activist is the
solution.

Table 7: What do you think is the most important basic needs of women that are not commonly
granted to them in our country?

ƒ %
Education 6 20%
Health 8 26%
Employment 14 47%
Others 2 7%

47% of respondents said employment is the most important basic needs of women that
are not commonly granted to them in our country, 26% said health moreover 20% said
education and others 7% said giving the women their rights.
 Table 8: Do you agree women and men should have equal rights?

ƒ %

YES 28 93%

NO 2 7%

93% of our respondents said YES, they agree women and men should have equal rights
and 7% of respondents said NO.

Table 9: Do you think that our country should have more female leaders in politics and public?

ƒ %

YES 18 60%

NO 12 40%

60% of our respondents said YES, they think that our country should have more female
leaders in politics and public and 27% of respondents said NO.

Table 10: Do you think that there is anything being done to ensure the rights of the women?

ƒ %

YES 25 83%
 NO 5 17%

83% of our respondents said YES, they think that there is anything being done to ensure
the rights of the women and 17% of respondents said NO.

Table 11: Do you agree that our government must create new law to ensure the protection and
safety of the women?

ƒ %

YES 23 77%

NO 7 23%

77% of our respondents said YES, they agree that our government must create new law
to ensure the protection and safety of the women and 23%% of respondents said NO.

Table 12: Is there any positive impact in our country if we enforce a law about women rights?

ƒ %

YES 30 100%

NO 0 0%

100% of our respondents said YES there is any positive impact in our country if we
enforce a law about women tights and no one of respondents said NO.

Table 13: Do you think it is right that women should be paid less than to the salary of men with
the same job?

ƒ %

YES 5 17%
 NO 25 83%

83% of our respondents said YES they think it is right that women should be paid less
than to the salary of men with the same job and 17% of respondents said NO.

Table 14: How do you think the inequalities for women could be improved?

ƒ %
Improved government and 6 20%
politics

Enforcing the law 2 7%

More laws that is concerning 3 10%

about women

Teaching younger generation 19 63%

Table 15: Do you agree that a women rights is considered as a global issue?

ƒ %

YES 26 87%

NO 4 13%

87% of our respondents said YES they agree that a women rights is considered as a
global issue and 13% of respondents said NO.
Conclusion

It is necessary to conclude that women have always played an important role in the
development of our society. This paper is based on providing evidence regarding the
perception of students on the rights of women in society.
Based on the results of the research survey we can conclude that, most students
believes that women can play a vital role in a family and in turn to build up the society and the
nation although there are others who still views women inferior to men the percentage results of
our research clearly shows that younger generations have positive perception about woman in
our society although women are not yet equal in other terms, it is heartening to see how much
progress has been made.
An equal society begins with women reclaiming their strong voice, and then gender wouldn’t be
as much of a relation of power. Gender equality is a fundamental right which contributes to a
healthy society filled with respectful relationships between one another. Women have every
right in the world to strive for what they want.

If we let women reach their full potential, it will leave the world flourishing. All it takes is
strangers coming together and supporting one another along their journeys to solve worldwide
gender in-equality. We are all human and we are all filled and fueled by empowerment, support,
and love. We can’t move forward in society until we work towards gender equity, rather than
gender equality.