IN HIS NAME

The Islamic Institution For Education & Mathematics Department

Teaching Al-Mahdi Schools School year: 2018-2019
Hadath Name:
Grade: 11Sc. Section: A. S-1 Subject:2nd degree Polynomials in one unknown

 Goals: 1) Define: 2nd degree Polynomials, Second degree trinomial. & Quadratic equations
2) Study existence of roots of quadratic equations using discriminant.
3) Determine the real roots of quadratic equations if they exist.

Def: A polynomial function of degree n and in one variable x is defined by

f ( x)  an x n  an 1 x n 1  ...  a1 x  a0 , where 𝑎𝑖 ∈ ℝ 𝑎𝑛 ≠ 0 & 𝑛 ∈ ℕ∗ .

I- Consider the following sets:

Polynomials Non Polynomials

1) . a) .
b) .
2) .
c)
3)

1) Justify why expressions of first set are polynomials whereas the second set are not.
……………………………………………………………………………………
2) For what real values of x is each of the expressions of the set:
a) Polynomials valid? b) Non-Polynomials valid?
…………………………………… ……………………………………
…………………………………… ……………………………………
…………………………………… ……………………………………

Def: A function f:     , is called a Polynomial of the second degree if it is of

the form f ( x)  ax 2  bx  c, where a, b & c are real coefficients so that a  0.

3) Is polynomial (3) of 2nd degree order? Explain. ………………………………………

4) Indicate 3 simple steps to determine the degree of a polynomial in one unknown?
1st ………………… 2nd ………………… 3rd …………………

11th-Grade. A.S-1. Second degree polynomials in one unknown Page 1 of 4

 A second degree Polynomial of the form f ( x)  ax 2  bx  c, is called a second
Def:
degree trinomial if a, b & c are all non-zero real coefficients.

II- Consider the following quadratic (2nd degree) equations:

Coefficient of Coefficient of
1) x 2  25  0 4) x 2  9  0 No. No.
x2 x x0 x2 x x0
2) 3 x 2  6 x  0 5) x  4 x  4  0
2
1) 4)
3) x 2  6 x  9  0 6) 3x  6 x  3  0 2)
2 5)
3) 6)
i. Fill in the adjacent table.
ii. Which of the given quadratic equations are trinomials? Justify. …………………………
iii. Solve in ℝ each of the given equations.
…………………………………….. ……………………………………………….
…………………………………….. ……………………………………………….
…………………………………….. ……………………………………………….
…………………………………….. ……………………………………………….
iv. Which of the above equations admit:
1- Two distinct roots: ……………… 3- No real roots: ………………
2- Two equal roots (one double root): ………………
v. What ways did you use to solve the given quadratic equations if possible?
……………………………………..
……………………………………..
……………………………………..
III- Consider the following trinomials:
a) x 2  4 x  3  0 c) x 2  8 x  7  0
b) x 2  6 x  5  0 d) x 2  8 x  7  0
1) Can you solve the above trinomials with the same methods you used before? Justify.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
2) Device (think) of a way to factor and solve the above trinomials.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
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……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
3) Suggest a name for this method: ……………………………………………………
Note: 2
The coefficient of x is
called the leading coefficient.

11th-Grade. A.S-1. Second degree polynomials in one unknown Page 2 of 4

IV- Solve using perfect squaring technique and indicate number of real roots of the following
trinomials:
1) 2 x 2  6 x  6  0 3)  3 x 2  4 x  18  0
3
2) 5 x 2  7 x  1  0 4)  x 2  9 x  6  0
2
……………………………………… …………………………………………………
……………………………………… …………………………………………………
……………………………………… …………………………………………………
……………………………………… …………………………………………………
V- Consider the following quadratic equations in canonical form:
1)  x  42  1  0 3)  x  32  4  0 5)   x  22  0  0
2)  x  12  0  0 4)  x  12  1  0 6)   x  32  2  0
a) Explain without solving which of the above equations admit:
i. Two real distinct roots: ………………………………………………………………
ii. One double root: ……………………………………………………………………..
iii. No real roots: ………………………………………………………………………...
b) Trace from the above equations those that admit:

One double root Two distinct roots

No real solutions
c) What do the graphs till you about the solutions of the quadratic equations?
……………………………………………………………………….....................
11th-Grade. A.S-1. Second degree polynomials in one unknown Page 3 of 4
  b  b 2  4ac 
2

Def: a  x     , is called the canonical form of the trinomial f (x ) .

 2a  4a 2 

VI- Consider the quadratic equation: E ( x)  ax 2  bx  c, where a  0.

1) Use perfect squaring technique to express E (x) in canonical form:
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
2) What factor(s) determine the sign of E x  ? …………………………………
3) Let the part that represents b 2  4ac be called discriminant (delta) and be denoted by:
  b 2  4ac
 Complete the following:
A second degree equation of the form ax 2  bx  c  0 admits:
1- Two real distinct roots if:   0
Conclusion:
2- One double root if: ………………….
3- No real roots if: ……………………..

VII- Use the discriminant  to study the existence of roots of the below 2nd degree trinomials:
1) x 2  5 x  1  0 3) 5 x 2  7 x  6  0
2) 3x 2  6 x  1  0 4)  4 x 2  48 x  36  0
……………………………………… …………………………………………………
……………………………………… …………………………………………………
……………………………………… …………………………………………………
Real Roots of ax2+bx+c=0 if they exist
  0
VIII- A quadratic equation ax 2  bx  c  0 admits real roots iff: 
  0
 b 
 x1 
 2a
 If   0 , then the roots of ax 2  bx  c  0 are of the form :  And
 x  .................
 2

Show your work:
………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………...
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 Deduce the form of the roots of ax 2  bx  c  0 , if   0 :……………………………..
11th-Grade. A.S-1. Second degree polynomials in one unknown Page 4 of 4