kzmKXw

Fen¸\n
LEPTO SPIROSIS PHC BANDADKA
GEOFFERY JACOB
Health Inspector
Primary Health Centre
Karuvatta
Ph: 9946156855
geofferyjacob@gmail.com
 se]vsämkvss]d F¶ Hê _mÎocnb
aqeap−mæ¶ amcI tcmKamWv
Fen¸\n AYhm se]vtämkvss]tdmknkv.

]\n, XethZ\, t]iothZ\ XpS§nb sNdnb

tcmKe£W§Ä apX izmktImi¯n \nìw
càhmÀ¨, Xet¨mdnse ]gp¸v, hr¡IfptSbpw
{]hÀ¯\w \ne¡Â t]mepÅ amcI
AhØbnteç hsc tcmKw F¯mw
1990Â Be¸pgbntebpw tIm«bt¯bpw
shÅs¡«pÅ {]tZi§fn \n¶mWv tIcf¯nÂ
BZyambn Fen¸\n dnt¸mÀ«v sNbvXXv.

]n¶oSv tIcf¯nse FÃm PnÃIfnteçw

hym]nçIbpw, kwØm\¯nsâ KpêXcamb Hê
s]mXpP\mtcmKy {]iv\ambn amdpIbpw
sNbvXncnçì.
Ignª æd¨p hÀj§fmbn GXm−v \qtdmfw t]À
{]XnhÀjw Fen¸\n _m[n¨v tIcf¯nÂ
acWaSbpì.

acWs¸Sp¶hcn IqSpXepw \nÀ[\ hn`mK¯nÂ

s¸Sp¶ sNdp¸¡mcmb ]pêj·mcmWv F¶Xpw
{]iv\¯nsâ sKuchw Iq«pì
{][m\ambpw a¬kq¬ Ime¯pw aWkqWn\v
sXm«pap¼pÅ kab¯pamWv Fen¸\n tcmKw
IqSpX Imé¶Xv
1886 AtUmÂ^v ho (Germany ) F¶ tUmÎdmWv
Fen¸\nsbçdn¨v BZys¯ kqN\ X¶Xv
¹olbnse ho¡w, aª¸n¯w, hr¡bnse
XIcmdpIÄ F¶o tcmKe£W§fpambn
NnInÂks¡¯nb tcmKnsb \nco£n¨mWv hoÂ
\nKa\§fnse¯nbXv

1907 \S¶ Hê t]mÌvtamÀ«¯n tiJcn¨

hr¡bpsS `mK§fnÂ\n¶mWv BZyambn
se]vtämkvss]d F¶ tcmKméhns\ Xncn¨dnªXv.
A§s\bmWv Fen¸\n¡v ImcWamæ¶ tcmKmé
se]vtämkvss]dbmsW¶v a\ÊnembXv.

1916 Â Cu tcmKméhnsâ km¶n[yw FenIfnÂ

Is−¯n
1620Â Atacn¡bnse akm¨pskänÂ
Cu tcmKw ]SÀ¶v ]nSnçIbpw
Xt±iobcn `qcn`mKw P\§fpw
acWs¸SpIbpw sNbvXXmbn tcJs¸Sp¯nbncnçì

s\t¸mfnbsâ CuPn]vXv A[n\nthi kab¯v

s\t¸mfnbsâ ssk\ykwL¯nÂ
tcmK_m[bp−mbXmbn Ncn{Xw ]dbpì.

Atacn¡³ B`y´c bp²Ime¯pw

ssk\nIcn tcmKw ]SÀì ]nSn¨Xmbn tcJIfp−v.
H¶mw temIalmbp²Ime¯pw ssk\IÀ¡nSbnÂ
(trench warfare) tcmK_m[bp−mbXmbn tcJIÄ D−v

c−mw temIalmbp²¯në ap³]v P¸m\nÂ

DbÀ¶ acW\nc¡nepÅ tcmK¯nsâ
hym]\ap−mbXmbn ]dbpì
2010 HtÎm_dn {_n«ojv
Xpg¨n Xmcw
B³Un tlmwkv (Andy Holmes)
hoÂkv tcmKw
_m[n¨v acn¨Xv
s]mXpP\§Ä¡nSbnepw
saUn¡Â
s{]m^jWepIÄ¡nSbnepw
Cu tcmKs¯çdn¨pÅ
Aht_m[hpw {i²bpw
hfÀ¯n
se]vtämkvss]d
]¯v Xc¯nepÅ se]vtämkvss]d _mÎocnbIÄ
Fen¸\n tcmK¯në ImcWambp−vv
h\yarK§fpw hfÀ¯parK§fpw
tcmK¸IÀ¨bp−mçì
{][m\ambpw tcmK¸IÀ¨bp−mç¶Xv
Ic−pXnì¶ PohnIfmWv (Rodents)
arKaq{X¯neqsSbmWv tcmKmé¡Ä ]pd¯phê¶Xv

arKaq{Xtam, arKaq{Xw IeÀ¶ shÅtam,

aëjyêsS sXmen, I®v, hmbv,aq¡v, tbm\n
F¶nhbnepÅ apdnhpIfneqsS icoc¯nÂ
kv]ÀinçIbpw AhbneqsS aëjycnte¡v
tcmKmé¡Ä {]thinçIbpw sN¿pì
C´yt]mepÅ hnIkzc cmPy§fnÂ
{Kma§fnepw \Kc§fnepw Pohnç¶
Zmcn{Zyw Aë`hnç¶ IÀjIÀ,
Iqen¸Wnç t]mæ¶ sXmgnemfnIÄ F¶nhÀ¡mWv
tcmK_m[ IqSpXembn I−phê¶Xv.

tIcf¯n sXmgnepd¸v ]²Xnbnse

sXmgnemfnIÄ¡v
tcmK_m[bp−mImëÅ km[yX
hfsc IqSpXemWv
temI¯v {]XnhÀjw 7þ10 e£w t]À¡v Fen¸\n
_m[bp−mæì

DjvWtaJem {]tZi§fnemWv km[mcWbmbn

Imé¶sX¦nepw,
FhnsSbpw tcmKw s]m«n¸pds¸Smw

hnIkzc cmPy§fnse tNcn{]tZi§fnemWv

Hu«vt{_¡v D−mImëÅ km[yX IqSpXepÅXv
se]vtäm kvss]tdmknknsâ aäp t]êIÄ
• 7-day fever
• Harvest fever
• Field fever
• Canefield fever
• Rat catcher's yellows
• Fort Bragg fever
• Pretibial fever
• Black jaundice

in Japan it is called "nanukayami fever”

tcmKe£W§Ä
tcmKmé_m[tbähcn NneÀ¡v
ISp¯ tcmKe£W§Ä Imét¼mÄ
aäp NneÀ¡v bmsXmêhn[ tcmKe£W§fpw ImWmdnÃ

c−pL«§fpÅ Hê tcmKamWvFen¸\n
km[mcW PetZmj¸\n t]msebmWv tcmKw
Bcw`nç¶Xv
]\n, hndbÂ, £oWw, ISp¯ XethZ\
F¶nhbp−mæw

H¶mw L«w Ignbpt¼mÄ tcmKe£W§Ä FÃmw

CÃmXmhpIbpw c−mwL«w Bcw`nçIbpw sN¿pì.
c−mwL«¯nÂ, lrZbw, IcÄ, InUv\n, Xet¨mdv,
izmktImiw F¶nhsb _m[n¨v tcmKn
KpêXcmhØbnemæì

tcmKe£W§fpsS hym]vXn ImcWw

]et¸mgpw tcmKw IrXyambn Is−¯m³ Ignbp¶nÃ
]\n, sa\nss©änkv,
XethZ\, ISp¯£oWw,
hndbÂ, izmkXSÊw,
t]iothZ\, tIÄhnçdhv,
OÀ±n, InUv\n XIcmÀ,
aª¸n¯w, IcÄ XIcmÀ,
I®n Nph¸p \ndw, lrZb XIcmÀ
ASnhbän thZ\,
hbdnf¡w,

aq{Xw Idp¯\ndambn amdpì

 tcmKmé aëjyicoc¯n {]thin¨p IgnªmÂ
4 þ 21 Znhk¯n\Iw tcmKe£W§Ä ImWnçw

Cu tcmK¯nsâ Gähpw KpêXcamb AhØsbbmWv

hoÂkv Unkokv Fì hnfnç¶Xv
 arK§fnÂ\n¶v aëjycnte¡v
]Iê¶ tcmKamWv Fen¸\n

Fen, Nps−en, \míÄ, amëIÄ, apbepIÄ,

æXncIÄ, ]ip¡Ä, BSpIÄ, H«I§Ä, IocnIÄ
XpS§n Nne PePohnIÄ hsc tcmK¸IÀ¨¡v
ImcWamæì
 aen\PehpambpÅ k¼À¡amWv
{][m\ambpw tcmK_m[¡v ImcWamæ¶Xv
 tcmKw Dd¸m¡Â

knÂhÀ sÌbn\nwKv hgn InUv\n tImi§fn \nìw

tcmKmé¡sf Is−¯mw

tcmK_m[bpsS BZys¯ 7 apXÂ 10 Znhkw hsc

cà¯nepw skdnt{_mkvss]\ {ZmhI¯nepw
tcmKmé¡Ä D−mæw.

BZys¯ 10 Znhk§Ä¡v tijw aq{X¯nÂ

tcmKmé¡Ä D−mæw
Enzyme – Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
sSÌv hgnbmWv tcmK_m[ Dd¸phê¯p¶Xv

cà km¼nfn \nìw tcmKmé¡sf

hfÀ¯nsbSp¯v AhbpsS Un.F³.F cà¯nÂ
\n¶v Is−¯p¶XmWv Hê coXn.

Asæn cà¯nse {]XnhkvXp¡sf (Anti body)

Is−¯emWv asämê coXn
 NnInÂk c−v hn[¯nemWv
icoc¯n {]thin¨ tcmKmé¡fpsS hfÀ¨
XSbpIbpw Ahsb \in¸nçIbpw sN¿pI

CXn\mbn ^e{]Zamb Bân_tbm«nçIÄ

D]tbmKnçì.

sks^mSmIvknw, tUmIvknssk¢n³, s]³knen³,

Bw]nknen³, AtamIvknen³
A]ISmhØbnemsW¦n tcmKn¡v ¥qt¡mkv,
tkmUnbwt¢mssdUv skmeqjëIÄ sF.hn. bmbn
\evæì.

Bhiysa¦n Ubmenknkv sN¿Ww.

InUv\n XIcmdpIÄ Ds−¦n icoc¯nse

s]m«mkyw, t^mkv^dkv F¶nhbpsS \ne
kwXpenXmhØbnem¡mëÅ \S]SnIÄ
kzoIcn¡Ww
 {]Xntcm[w
ssN\, I}_ DÄs]sSbpÅ Nne cmPy§fnÂ
{]Xntcm[ aêìIÄ (Human Vaccine) e`yamWv

arK hmIvknëIÄ Nne PmXnIfnepÅ (strains)

_mÎocnbIÄ¡v am{Xta
^e{]ZamhpIbpÅqsh¦nepw \míÄçÅ
{]Xntcm[ æ¯nhbv]v Ignª hÀj§fnÂ
^e{]Zambn Atacn¡bn D]tbmKn¨p hêì.
 tcmK_m[m km[yXbpÅhÀ
• arK ]cnc£IÀ, NnInÂkIÀ
• AdhptPmen sN¿p¶hÀ
• Irjn¡mÀ, IÀjIsXmgnemfnIÄ
• AgpçNmepIÄ hr¯nbmç¶hÀ
• amen\ykwkvIcW sXmgnemfnIÄ
• `qan Afç¶hÀ
• Dt]£n¡s¸« sI«nS§fn ]WnsbSpç¶hÀ
• Xpg¡mÀ
• hm«À kvt]mÀSvkv Xmc§Ä
 ap³ IêXÂ

A]IS km[yXm {]tZi§fn ap³ IêXembn

tUmIvkn ssk¢n³ KpfnIIÄ
BgvNbn Hcn¡Â F¶ tXmXn Ign¡Ww
 tcmKe£W§Ä I−m DSs\
{]mYanImtcmKy tI{µ§fnse¯n NnInÂk tXSpI

kzbw NnInÂkbpw
\mS³ aêìIfpw
acW¯nte¡v \bnt¨¡mw