Load Sensing Control 2M4-12

Electric Drives Linear Motion and
and Controls Hydraulics Assembly Technologies Pneumatics Service
Project manual RE 09970/03.11

Replaces: 05.08
Mobile hydraulics
Load sensing control 2M4-12
Trainer's manual
RE 09970/03.11 I Foreword Bosch Rexroth AG 1
Foreword
The present project manual for the area mobile hydraulics serves as accompanying and
work book for the knowledge transfer by means of project works. Projects are described
that are especially based on practical examples from the mobile control technology. The
trainees are expected to have basic hydraulic knowledge.
It must generally be noted that the project results documented in this manual may slightly
vary depending on the relevant circumstances.
Project / trainer information
For the projects with mobile hydraulics, the device set has been extended. For explana-
tions on the practice stand, please refer to the corresponding operating instructions.
Before the projects are carried out, the hydraulic basics should be discussed and intro-
ductory practice described must have been completed.
We recommend carrying out the projects in the specified order starting with project 01.
The description of a project practice comprises information for trainers as well as project/
trainer information for the completion of the relevant project.
This information is only contained in the trainer manual.
2 Bosch Rexroth AG Foreword I RE 09970/03.11
Notes
RE 09970/03.11 I Introduction Bosch Rexroth AG 3
Introduction
History of mobile hydraulics
Since the 1960s, construction machines have increasingly been operated with hydraulics.
Before, mainly fully mechanical rope machines were used.
With these machines, the force was transmitted by means of gears and couplings.
The machine operator must operate the mechanical couplings with large levers.
Operation was a real feat of strength.
As compared to today's machines, the working speed were relatively slow.
The efficiency of excavator applications on construction sites was not perfect.
A rope excavator with gripper can hardly penetrate solid ground and often only scratches
at the surface.
Fig. 0-1: Rope excavator 1928 in operation
Thanks to the hydraulics, the force transmission is more flexible and easier than with pure
mechanics.
The large, heavy gears and couplings as well as the rope drums could be omitted.
As then, the hydraulics often did not have today's tried and tested components, there
were many problems to lose for the piping and hose material for the high pressures had to
be developed and improved first. The same was true for pumps and control blocks.
The working movements of the first hydraulic excavators were much slower and more
jerky than with today's hydraulic excavators.
4 Bosch Rexroth AG Introduction I RE 09970/03.11
In the beginning, the hydraulic control blocks were arranged under the operator who oper-
ated the directional valve spools by means of mechanical levers.
The introduction of the hydraulic remote control was another step; it simplified the opera-
tion and made the arrangement of the control blocks in the machine more flexible. Now,
the control block could be mounted in places where it was e.g. most favorable for the
piping.
The machines became faster and faster and increasingly powerful.
Arm
Adjustment boom
Slew drive
Hydraulic control block
Diesel motor
Bucket
Operating elements
Hydraulic
pumps
Fig. 0-2: Hydraulic excavator today
With the increased working speeds, the jerky motion sequence had more and more nega-
tive effects. The advancement focused on the optimization of the controls regarding the
best and jerk-free controllability of the working movements possible
(load sensitivity).
The previously used throttle control was amended by load sensing systems in the 1980s.
Load sensing reduces the power loss and simplifies the operation as the control is load
pressure-independent. Apart from that, the multi-circuit systems with several pumps nec-
essary in the throttle control could be replaced by one-circuit systems with one pump.
Another development is the LUDV system, in which the flow is load pressure-independent
of all operated actuators (LUDV = abbreviation of the German term for load pressure
independent flow distribution).
The special advantage of this system is that no actuator stops when all operated actua-
tors require more oil than can be delivered by the pump. In this case, the LUDV system
reduces the actuator velocities proportionally according to the pump delivery volume.
In the future, also electronic systems will be used by means of which the actuator veloci-
ties and pumps will be controlled.
Fig. 0-3: Harvester in forestry operation

Notes
Knowledge transfer by means of project works
By means of the mobile hydraulic project manuals, the necessary expert knowledge regarding
the hydraulic control technology can be transferred in practice-oriented applications.
Logically set-up project works are to help the trainee:
• To understand physical principles like pressure differential, opening cross-section and Teaching
flow, contents
• To read specific switching symbols,
• To identify the function of the throttle control,
• To understand the connection between control and velocity,
• To get to know the function of the throttle control in parallel operation,
• To work out the function and application of the hydraulic pilot control,
• To carry out measurements of specific values.
The project tasks and project works described in the mobile hydraulic project manuals
provide the trainers and trainees with information and instruments for satisfying the re-
quirements on the knowledge transfer regarding the hydraulic expert knowledge.
Due to the preparedness and ability to solve tasks and problems on the basis of technical Technical
knowledge and skills in a target-oriented, appropriate, method-guided and independent competence
way and to evaluate the result, the trainees develop their technical competence.
Professional As mentioned above, the trainee is to work off the project task and/or the project order in
competence 6 steps.
of action
1. Information
On the basis of the project definition, the trainee is to get a clear idea of the complete
solution including the necessary details. This is possible by the systematic analysis of the
project documents and queries, if necessary.
Possible auxiliary questions: a) What is to be done?

b) Have I understood the task completely?
c) Which hydraulic component / system is to be
worked out?
2. Planning
Planning means theoretical preparation and anticipation of a concrete execution. In detail,

planning requires the competence for processing the project order and for organizing the
project processing steps.
Possible auxiliary questions: a) How to proceed?

b) Which knowledge is necessary?
c) Which aids are available?
d) Are there comparable applications in my company?
3. Decision-making
After the planning phase, the trainee makes the decision regarding the determination of
the aids, e.g. which data sheets are necessary for processing the project task. He also
makes the decision regarding the sequence and the dependencies of the individual proj-
ect steps. It must also be decided whether the project task can be completed more easily
in a team.
Possible auxiliary questions: a) Which hydraulic and electrical components are used?
b) How do you recognize the up-to-dateness of the
data sheets?
c) Have I used all possible sources of information?
d) Do I have the prescribed safety instructions?
4. Execution
The order will be executed according to the work instructions in Order execution chap-
ter complying with the safety instructions. After a careful preparation phase, the trainee
should execute the project order as independently as possible. After preparation of the
written solution, it should be verified and/or asked whether the correct solution has been
chosen.
Possible auxiliary question: a) Have I chosen the correct order?
5. Checks
The trainer checks the intermediate results already during the execution phase. Some-
times, the result can be compared to manufacturer documents. In measurement practice it
has to be checked whether the measurement results are realistic.
The documentation is also to be finally corrected, improved, finished and completed. This
includes the preparation of the final report. Upon completion, there is a final check by the
trainer.
Possible auxiliary questions: a) Has the control been mounted professionally?

b) Has the project target been achieved?
c) Which documentation is necessary?
d) Is the result complete and documented in an or-
dered form?
6. Evaluation
In the final evaluation face, the comparison of project order documents, assembled control
and measurement and control results is to be used as basis for an external or own evalua-
tion.
Possible errors and error causes are to be analyzed and the possibilities for avoiding
future errors are to be discussed.
The trainees are to learn to assess their strengths and weaknesses and to develop objec-
tive quality standards for their actions which will finally lead to personal competence. The
evaluation can be completed by a technical discussion, also with a customer discussion, if
applicable.
General instructions:
For didactic reasons, the present manual only talks of trainees and trainers. It is express-
ly stated that it also refers to all other parties involved in the training and further develop-
ment: The female trainees and trainers, the female and male teachers, project managers,
etc.
Procedural In this manual, we do not provide any information on procedural knowledge (explanatory
knowledge knowledge). It is the knowledge on which measures, procedures or processes are nec-
essary to achieve a certain result. In this case how the learning target can be achieved.
The present manual is to be understood as tool for transferring the required core and
technical qualifications that are to be transferred in the industrial metal professions in
an integrated form according to the regulation on the professional training considering
independent planning, executing and controlling.
Pictogram As recurring individual symbols, the listed pictograms are to transfer information as simpli-
fied graphical presentation in a language-independent form and as fast as possible.
Notes
Safety aspects
So that the possible dangers of machines and systems are recognized, safety regulations,
product information and operating instructions must be observed.
The present mobile hydraulic project manual contains information referring to the risk of
personal injury or damage to property.
The measures described foravoiding dangers must be adhered to.
The signal words/symbols have the following meaning:
• Warning sign (warning triangle) → Draws attention to the hazard

• Signal word → Identifies the degree of hazard
• Type of risk → Specifies the type or source of the hazard
• Consequences → Describes the consequences of non-compliance
• Precautions → Specifies how the hazard can be prevented
The following table summarizes the application of the most important pictograms and
signal words.
Signal
Application
word
Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which will certainly result in

serious injuries or even death if not avoided.
Danger
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could

result in death or serious injury.
Warning
Indicates a potentially dangerous situation which can could result in

moderate or minor injuries or damage to property if not avoided.
Caution
Non-compliance with this information may result in deterioration in the

operating procedure.
Important:
The electrohydraulic components and systems described in the project manual are tech-
nical equipment and not designed for private use.
The intended use also includes having read and understood the subsequently listed
safety regulations, product information and operating instructions.
Qualification Assembly, commissioning and operation, disassembly, service and maintenance require
of personnel basic mechanical and electrohydraulic knowledge as well as knowledge of the appropri-
ate technical terms. In order to guarantee operational safety, these activities may only be
carried out by a corresponding expert or an instructed person under the direction and
supervision of an expert.
Experts are those who can recognize potential hazards and apply the appropriate safety
measures due to their professional training, knowledge and experience, as well as their
understanding of the relevant conditions pertaining to the work to be undertaken. An
expert must observe the relevant specific professional rules.
This means that the trainer must finally inform the trainee about possible dangers and the
related prevention of dangers.
In case of improper works at hydraulic components and systems, there is a risk

of injury as well as a safety risk when operating the system, including danger
to life!
Warning
Liability In case of damage resulting from the improper use and from unauthorized interventions
not intended in the mobile hydraulics project manual, any liability for defects and any liabil-
ity claim vis-à-vis Bosch Rexroth AG will be forfeited.
If the projects 01 to 11 described in the mobile hydraulics project manual are carried out
at practice stands and with electrohydraulic components not supplied by Bosch Rexroth,
i.e. competitor makes, any liability for defects and any liability claim vis-à-vis Bosch
Rexroth AG will be forfeited in this case, as well.
When using competitive products, the safety instructions prescribed by the

manufacturer apply, whereas it has to be ensured that the components and sys-
tems comply with the currently valid and relevant EU directives.
The commissioning is therefore prohibited until it was confirmed that the hy-
draulic components and systems that are to be used comply with the provisions
of all relevant EU directives.
Warning
Important:
The necessary safety provisions, product information* and operating instructions must be
handed over to and/or be accessible to the trainee in the latest version.
In the mobile hydraulics project manual, no explicit reference is made in the project prac-
tice 01 to 11 to the correct handling of hydraulic fluids. For corresponding information,
please refer to the safety data sheet.
* Bosch Rexroth product information only applies to hydraulic products that are oper-
ated with hydraulic fluid on mineral oil basis unless other hydraulic fluids are explicitly
admitted in the operating instructions.
RE 09970/03.11 I Basics of mobile hydraulics Bosch Rexroth AG 1
Basics of mobile hydraulics
Mobile hydraulics are used in mobile machines.

In most cases, these are earth-moving machines like e.g. excavators, wheel loaders and
caterpillars.
Another field of application is agricultural and forestry machinery like e.g. tractors and
wood harvester machinery.
Cranes and forklifts are part of the conveyance field of application.
In mobile machines, the force is transmitted from the diesel motor to the working equip-
ment by means of hydraulic fluid. The processes are controlled by hydraulic control tech-
nology.
In mobile hydraulics, the two basic principles of hydraulic are used:
1) The principle of the closed circuit with hydraulic pump and hydraulic motor is mainly
used for traction drives, winches and slew drives.
In the closed circuit, the return oil from the actuator is directly fed back into the pump.
The velocity is checked by adjusting the pump and the motor.

Parallel operation of several actuators and single-rod cylinders is not possible.
Volumenstrom
Hilfspumpe zum Flow = variabel
q
Auxiliary pump for leak-
Leckageausgleich q = variable
age compensation
Output speed
Abtriebsdrehzahl
n=
n variable
= variabel
Cooler
Fig. 0-4: Closed hydraulic circuit

2 Bosch Rexroth AG Basics of mobile hydraulics I RE 09970/03.11
2. The open circuit with hydraulic pump, cylinders and hydraulic motors is used for appli-
cations with working equipment and several simultaneously operated actuators.
In the open circuit, the return oil from the actuators is led into the tank and is then
sucked in again by the pump.
For controlling the actuators, valves are necessary.
With the circuit diagram shown, there is high power loss in the unoperated condition
of the directional valves as the entire pump delivery volume is delivered to the tank at
maximum pressure.
Volumenstrom Flow
q = konstant q = constant
Fig. 0-5: Open hydraulic circuit

The machines are controlled by a machine operator. This operator controls the move-
ments having the working equipment or the load in view. Automatic operation as in indus-
trial systems is normally not possible.
A control that can easily be controlled and easily be operated is important.
Fig. 0-6: Crawler excavator
With mobile machines, low component weight and good efficiency are important.
Bad efficiency means high losses and makes itself felt in high fuel consumption rates.
In 11 projects, this manual deals with the control technology in the open circuit with the
load sensing control.
Load sensing (LS), load pressure signal
Load sensing systems (LS systems) have been developed in order to eliminate the de-
pendency of the throttle control on the load pressure and to reduce the high power loss.
This resulted in more efficient systems that can be operated more easily. The efficiency
could be achieved by means of pumps controlled by the load pressure, which are always
adjusted to the relevant load conditions.
Due to the load pressure compensation, the machine operation could be simplified.
There are numerous applications for load sensing systems like e.g. construction machinery,
forestry machinery, drilling equipment, cranes, stackers and stationary applications.
Load sensing is the recording (measurement) of the load by the load pressure. This load
pressure signal is used for controlling the pump and pressure compensators.
The load pressure signal is generally also referred to as LS signal.
For the correction functioning, it is important to always record and forward the highest
load pressure signal.
For that purpose, the pressure is recorded by the relevant working port by means of bores
in the directional valve spools and forwarded to the pump controller via shuttle valves.
The shuttle valves guarantee that in parallel operation, always the highest load pressure is
forwarded to the pump controller.
= 100 bar
Shuttle valve
pL1 10 bar pL2 100 bar
Load pressure ΔpLS = pP – pLS

signal
pP = 110 bar
pLS = pL2 pP 110 bar
100 bar
Control spring = 10 bar
Fig. 0-7: Displacement-controlled pump with load pressure signal (LS) for individual actuator operation (load 100 bar)
The pump controller is a so-called displacement controller and controls the pressure differ-
ential ΔpLS.
The pump controller has been designed so that the pump pressure pP always exceeds the
load sensing signal p LS by a certain value (e.g. 10 bar).
Here, you also talk of ΔpLS = pP – pLS.
With the pressure differential ΔpLS, the oil is delivered through the resistances of lines and
control block.
The pump controller always keeps the pressure differential ΔpLS constant, i.e. changes in
the load pressure also result in changes in the pump pressure.
This is to be clarified by an example:

The load pressure of a cylinder = pLS = 100 bar, the pressure differential ΔpLS = 10 bar.
The pump pressure pP = pLS + ΔpLS = 100 + 10 = 110 bar.
This means in practice that if possible, the pump pressure should only be 10 bar higher
than the highest load pressure in the system.
The force of the control spring in the pump controller determines the pressure differential
ΔpLS. The spring force can be set by means of a set screw. The amount of the pressure
differential ΔpLS depends on the resistances in the lines and control blocks and may range
between 10 and 22 bar.
Energy balance
In order to show the energy differences, 3 systems are compared:

A Fixed displacement pump with throttle (constant delivery system)
B Pressure-controlled pump with throttle (constant pressure system)
C Displacement-controlled pump with throttle (load sensing system)
A Fixed displacement pump with throttle (constant delivery system)

A fixed displacement pump always delivers the same flow into the system. The pressure is
determined by the loads and resistances. The maximum system pressure is determined by
the pressure relief valve. The delivery rate is 100 l/min, the max. system pressure is limited
to 200 bar. The cylinder is loaded with 50 bar and the throttle is set so that 25 l/min flow.
The delivery volume not flowing to the cylinder is discharged to the tank via the pressure
relief valve.
The power calculation results in:
Drive power: PDrive = 200 bar • 100 l/min / 600 = 33 kW
Effective power: PEffective = 50 bar • 25 l/min / 600 = 2 kW
Power loss DB: PLoss 1 = 200 bar • 75 l/min / 600 = 25 kW
Power loss throttle: PLoss 2 = (200 bar – 50 bar) • 25 l/min / 600 = 6 kW
Of 33 kW drive power, only 2 kW are utilized for the working movement and 31 kW are
converted into heat. The pump efficiencies have not been considered.
B Pressure-controlled pump with throttle (constant pressure system)

A pressure-controlled pump only delivers the flow into the system that is necessary in
order to maintain the set pressure.
The pressure is determined by the loads and resistances. The maximum system pressure
is determined by the pressure controller. The delivery rate can be 0 - 100 l/min, the max.
system pressure is set to 200 bar. The cylinder is loaded with 50 bar and the throttle is
set so that 25 l/min flow.
The pump delivery volume is limited to a rate which also flows to the cylinder.
The calculation of the power for the specified conditions results in:
Drive power: PDrive = 200 bar • 25 l/min / 600 = 8 kW
Effective power: PEffective = 50 bar • 25 l/min / 600 = 2 kW
Power loss throttle: PLoss 2 = (200 bar – 50 bar) • 25 l/min / 600 = 6 kW
Of 8 kW drive power, 2 kW are utilized for the working movement and only 6 kW are
converted into heat. The pump efficiencies have not been considered.
A considerable improvement as compared to the fixed displacement pump.
C Displacement-controlled pump with throttle (load sensing system)

A displacement-controlled pump only delivers the flow into the system that is necessary in
order to maintain the set pressure differential (ΔpLS).
The pressure differential is determined by the control spring.
The system pressure is always 10 bar higher than the load pressure.
The maximum system pressure is limited by a pressure relief valve or an additional pres-
sure controller.
The delivery rate can be 0 - 100 l/min, the pressure differential is set to 10 bar. The cylin-
der is loaded with 50 bar and the throttle is set so that 25 l/min flow.
The pump delivery volume is limited to a rate which also flows to the cylinder.
The calculation of the power for the specified conditions results in:
Drive power: PDrive = (50 bar + 10 bar) • 25 l/min / 600 = 2.5 kW
Effective power: PEffective = 50 bar • 25 l/min / 600 = 2.1 kW
Power loss throttle: PLoss 2 = (60 bar – 50 bar) • 25 l/min / 600 = 0.4 kW
Of 2.5 kW drive power, 2.1 kW are utilized for the working movement and only 0.4 kW
are converted into heat. The pump efficiencies have not been considered.
Another considerable improvement as compared to the constant pressure system.
Principle of the load sensing system
In order to understand the hydraulic control technology, a certain basic knowledge is nec-
essary.
The flow through a directional valve and thus the actuator velocity depend on two factors.
The opening cross-section and the pressure differential across this cross-section.
The larger the cross-section (A) and the higher the pressure differential (Δp), the higher is
the flow (q). This is expressed by the equation qV = aD • A• √2/r • √Δp.
The factor f is a flow and viscosity coefficient by means of which the properties of oil are
taken into consideration.
A clear example is to clarify the connection between cross-section, pressure differential
and flow.
A Constant pressure system
Load 2 = 30 bar
Load 1 = 30 bar
Load 0 = 10 bar
psys pL
d = 5 mm
psys – pL = Δp → q
Pressure
controller Load 0 100 – 10 = 90 bar 127 l/min
Load 1 100 – 40 = 60 bar 103 l/min
Load 2 100 – 70 = 30 bar 73 l/min
Control spring = 100 bar
Fig. 0-8: Pressure differential and flow in the constant pressure system
The valve opening corresponds to a bore d = 5 mm, the system pressure is 100 bar, the
load on the cylinder changes with the charging and thus the load pressure.
Using the formula qV = aD • A• √2/r • √Δp, the flow in l/min can be calculated
(A = d2 • π/4). The exact calculation depends on more factors and conditions which are
not to be addressed here in more detail. With hydraulic valves, the flow values are mea-
sured as calculations are difficult due to the flow conditions and the geometry in the hous-
ing.
It can be seen that with increasing load, the pressure differential Δp and thus also the flow
increasingly decrease. This means in practice that with identical valve opening, the cylin-
der moves faster without load than with load.
B Load sensing system
Using the load sensing system, the pressure differential Δp at the throttling point is kept
constant, at e.g. 10 bar. For that purpose, the load pressure is recorded and forwarded to
the pump's displacement controller.
Together with the control spring, the load pressure acts on the actuating piston, the pump
pressure on the same actuating cylinder surface. Together with the control spring, the
load pressure results in an increase in the delivery volume (→ qmax.).
If the pump pressure pP exceeds the load pressure together with the control spring, this
results in a decrease in the delivery volume (→ qmin.). The pressure in front of the throttle
is therefore always 10 bar higher than the load pressure. The spring force of the control
spring determines the pressure differential Δp at the throttling point.
Load 2 = 30 bar
LS signal
(load pressure) Load 1 = 30 bar
Load 0 = 10 bar
pp pL
Displacement
controller
d = 5 mm
psys – pL = Δp → q
Load 0 20 – 10 = 10 bar 42 l/min

Load 1 50 – 40 = 10 bar 42 l/min
Control spring = 10 bar Load 2 80 – 70 = 10 bar 42 l/min
Fig. 0-9: Pressure differential and flow in the load sensing system
The valve opening corresponds to a bore d = 5 mm, the displacement controller is set to
a pressure differential = 10 bar, the load on the cylinder changes with the charging and
thus the load pressure.
Using the formula qV = aD • A• √2/r • √Δp, the flow in l/min can be calculated
(A = d2 • π/4).
With increasing load, the pressure differential Δp remains constant at 10 bar and thus,
the flow is constant, as well. This means in practice that with identical valve opening, the
cylinder moves as fast without load as with load. This behavior is also referred to as load
pressure compensation.
Pressure compensators
In mobile hydraulic applications, you often carry out two movements simultaneously.
The loads of the relevant actuators are mostly different, i.e. the load pressures are differ-
ent, as well.
The pressure pP always exceeds the load pressure of the actuator with the highest load by
the pressure differential ΔpLS.
In this case, the pressure differential Δp1 of the actuator with the lower load pressure is
higher.
Z2 = 20 → 100 bar
Z1 = 20 bar
Shuttle valve
pL1 = 20 bar
pL2
20 → 100 bar
Load pressure Δp2 = ΔpL2

signal line
(LS signal)
pP2
30 → 110 bar
pLS = pL2
20 → 100 bar
d = 5 mm A1 = A2 = 19.64 mm2
Δp2 = ΔpLS = pP – pL2

Control spring = 10 bar Δp1 = pP – pL1
Fig. 0-10: Pressure differential and flow in the load sensing system with 2 actuators (without pressure compensators)
pp pL1 pL2 Δp1 Δp2 q1 q2

30 20 20 10 10 42 42
60 20 50 40 10 84 42
85 20 75 65 10 103 42
110 20 100 90 10 127 42
Fig. 0-11: Table

The valve openings correspond to a bore d = 5 mm, the displacement controller is set to
a pressure differential Δp = 10 bar, the load pressure of cylinder 2 is changed with the
charging from 20 to 100 bar. The loading of cylinder 1 remains constant with 20 bar.
It must be noted that the flow qV1 strongly increases if the load pressure p2 increases, while
the flow qV2 remains constant due to the load pressure compensation.
In the operation of the machine, this behavior is very annoying.
For a perfect behavior, it is therefore necessary to individually compensate the load pres-
sures for every actuator.
The following graphic shows a system with individual pressure compensators.
pL
pL
pV
pV AK (2)
Spool (1)
pP
Control spring (4)

AK (3)
pP pP
Fig. 0-12: Pressure compensator
The individual load pressure compensation is effected by means of pressure compensa-

tors for every actuator.
By means of pressure compensators, the pressure differential ΔpV at the relevant valve
openings is kept constant.
The pressure compensator comprises a symmetric spool (1) that loaded on the area AK
(2) with the pressure in front of the valve opening and on the other area AK (3) with the
load pressure pL and a control spring (4).
The pressure compensator is opened by the load pressure pL and a control spring (4).
The pressure in front of the valve opening pV closes the pressure compensator.
The control spring (4) corresponds e.g. to 10 bar and the load pressure pL = 20 bar; thus,
the pressure compensator is opened with 30 bar.
The pressure pP = 100 bar is available up to the directional valve due to the opened pres-
sure compensator.
The pressure in front of the valve opening, however, acts on the spool area (2) and closes the
pressure compensator if 30 bar have been reached. The opening grooves (5) of the pressure
compensator (DW) throttle the oil flow and now, a pressure differential ΔpDW results.
With a pressure differential ΔpDW = 70 bar, 100 bar – 70 bar = 30 are available in front of the
valve opening and the pressure compensator will stop closing as the forces at the spool (1) bal-
anced. If the pressure differential ΔpDW is increased to above bar, the pressure compensator will
be re-opened as in front of the valve opening, 30 bar are no longer achieved.
The pressure compensator is in a control position.
The pressure in front of the valve opening is controlled to 30 bar.
As the load pressure pL amounts to 20 bar, the pressure differential ΔpV at the valve opening is
10 bar.
When the load pressure changes, the pressure compensator will also change the control posi-
tion until a pressure differential ΔpV = 10 bar is reached.
If the pressure pP changes, the pressure compensator will change the control position in this
case, as well, until a pressure differential ΔpV = 10 bar is reached.
That means that the pressure compensator compensates all pressure changes.
By means of the control spring, the pressure differential ΔpV at the metering orifice A1 is
kept constant.
= 100 bar
= 20 bar
pL1 = 20 bar pL2 = 100 bar
ΔpV1 = 10 bar ΔpV2 = 10 bar

pV1 = 30 bar pV2 = 110 bar
ΔpDW = 90 bar ΔpDW = 10 bar

Control spring
= 10 bar
pP = 120 bar pP = 120 bar
Control spring = 20 bar
Fig. 0-13: Individual pressure compensators in the load sensing system
In systems with pressure compensators, the pump controller setting must exceed the setting of
systems without pressure compensators by the control pressure differential. The pressure com-
pensator of actuator 1 with the lower load pressure generates a pressure differential ΔpDW of
90 bar and keeps the pressure differential ΔpV = pV1 – pL1 = 30 – 20 = 10 bar constant.
With the pressure compensator, the annoying behavior with different load pressures no longer
exists as the pressure differential ΔpV1 = ΔpV2 = 10 bar remains constant.
The pressure compensator of actuator 2 with the high load pressure generates a pressure dif-
ferential ΔpDW = 10 bar.
Actuator flow and stroke limitation
For simplification, we have until now always assumed a constant valve opening d = 5 mm.
In the control block, the valve opening A with the control spool stroke and the control
grooves can be selected by the operator using the operating levers.
As the pressure differential Δp at the control grooves is kept constant by the pressure
compensator, the position of the operating lever always corresponds to the same velocity,
regardless whether with or without load, in individual and parallel operation (in the satu-
rated condition).
With stroke limitations, the maximum flow rates of the individual actuators can be set, e.g.
the max. actuator flow shall only be 60 l/min instead of the possible 100 l/min. Using the
set screw, the control spool stop is adjusted so that only 60 % of the stroke are possible.
In this regard, it has to be considered that 40 % of the possible control stroke can no
longer be utilized.
If now, only 25 l/min shall flow, only 25 % of the control stroke are available. This resolu-
tion is quite bad and may often be reflected in bad controllability.
For good controllability, the actuator velocity is to be resolved to the largest control spool
stroke possible.
That is way control spools with graduated flow rates are available.
A spool E25/25 has, with a stroke of 100 %, a flow in A and B of 25 l/min each. In the
same way, the resolution deteriorates if spools for 100 l/min are used with a pump deliv-
ery volume of 50 l/min. In this case, there will be no more velocity increase from 50 % of
the stroke, i.e. 50 % of the control stroke are not utilized.
The control pressure differential Δp is not achieved. The pressure compensator opens
from 50 % of the control stroke.
Notes
qActuator
100 %
50 %
Spool stroke
0% 50 % 100 %
Control range
Stroke limitation 60 %
q pump 50 %
q = f (A)
Δp1 = Δp2
Fig. 0-14: Control range

Load sensing pressure limitation (LS)
In individual cases in which certain actuators must not work with the maximum system
pressure, the actuator pressure must be limited.
You can do so using the secondary pressure relief valves. When the actuator pressure
is reached, the entire actuator flow will then, however, be discharged to the tank (high
power loss).
By means of limitation of the LS pressure, the pressure in the spring chamber of the pres-
sure compensator is limited. If the actuator pressure has been reached, the pressure in
the spring chamber will stop increasing and the pressure compensator closes.
There is only a relatively small pilot oil flow of approx. 2.5 l/min.
q actuator greater than q pump
The operating limit of a load sensing system has been exceeded if the entire actuator
volume requested by the directional valves is greater than the maximum displacement of
the pump possible. In this case, the pump is in the maximum stop. The required system
pressure for the actuator with the highest load pressure can no longer be maintained as
the oil preferably flows to the actuator with the lower load pressure.
For the actuator with the highest load pressure this means that it is only supplied with the
residual oil quantity or it also stops completely, if applicable.
Example Both actuator valve openings are opened for 100 l/min.

The maximum pump delivery volume is only 100 l/min, the system is under-supplied. Cyl-
inder 1 has a load pressure of 20 bar and cylinder 2 has a load pressure of 100 bar. Both
pressure compensators are completely open as the pressure for closing the pressure
compensators is not achieved.
The resistance of valve opening 1 is not sufficient for generating a pressure differential Δp
= 10 bar. The pressure compensator cannot be closed with 28 bar. This is only possible
from 30 bar. The pressure loss of a completely opened pressure compensator is only
minor and thus, the system pressure is now also on the lower level of 28 bar.
For the actuator 2 with a load pressure of 100 bar, this means standstill. If actuator 1 is
only open for 75 l/min, 25 l/min remain for actuator 2.
In this case, there resistance of valve opening 1 is sufficient for generating a pressure dif-
ferential Δp = 10 bar and closing.
Now, the system pressure can rise to values above 100 bar and move cylinder 2.
When operating a machine, this behavior may be annoying; therefore, the delivery volume
of the pump in the load sensing system must always be sufficient for all simultaneously
operated actuators.
Z1 = 20 bar Z2 = 100 bar
= 100 l/min 20 bar 100 bar
↑qV1 =
8 bar 100 l/min = 0 bar
28 bar qV2 =
0 l/min ↑ = 100 l/min
= 10 bar 10 bar =
28 bar 28 bar
↑qP =
100 l/min
qP < qV1 + qV2 (controlled)
Fig. 0-15: Undersupply in the load sensing system
Load pressure-independent flow distribution (LUDV)
Full supply in the LUDV system
With the "Load pressure-independent flow distribution" (LUDV) system, the velocity of all
actuators is reduced in the same ratio in case of undersupply.
In the example specified above, every cylinder would be operated with 50 l/min.
In the LUDV system, the pressure compensators are located downstream the metering
orifice and they are all provided with the highest load pressure.
The pressure compensators are symmetrical spools without spring.
The load pressure acts in the closing direction. The pressure after the valve opening acts
in the opening direction.
If the pressure in front of the pressure compensator (after the valve opening) is larger than
the load pressure, the pressure compensator starts to open. In this way, this pressure
always corresponds to the highest load pressure.
The displacement controller of the pump controls the pump pressure pP to a value 10 bar
higher than the load pressure.
= 20 bar = 100 bar
20 bar 100 bar

= 80 bar = 0 bar
100 bar 100 bar
Δp1 = 10 bar
Δp2 = 10 bar
qV1 = ↑ = 50 l/min 50 l/min = qV2 = 50 l/min
50 l/min pP = 110 bar
qP = 100 l/min
10 bar Δp1 = Δp2
Fig. 0-16: Full supply in the LUDV system
Undersupply in the LUDV system
If there is an undersupply, the pump is maximally deflected. Due to the reduced pressure
differential Δp at all valve openings, a reduced flow results. The closing of both pressure
compensators prevents the standstill of both actuators.
As the reduced pressure differential Δpred. is the same again at all valve openings, the flow
rates are in the same ratio again, as well.
Important:
If the LUDV system returns into the full supply from the undersupply (command value
cancellation), the actuators are accelerated. This unwanted acceleration is not admis-
sible with mobile machines (e.g. crane) (see EN 13000).
Calculation reduced flow qred.:
Σq1 + Σq2 = 100 + 50 = 150 l/min = 100 %

100 50
Σqred. = + = 100 l/min
1,5 1,5
Σqred. = 66,7 + 33, 3 = 100 l/min = 100 %
= 20 bar = 100 bar
20 bar 100 bar

= 80 bar = 0 bar
100 bar 100 bar
Δp1 = 4.4 bar
Δp2 = 4.4 bar

qV1 = ↑ = 100 l/min 50 l/min = qV2 = 33.3 l/min
66.7 l/min pP = 104.4 bar
qP = 100 l/min
10 bar Δp1 = Δp2 = Δpred.
Fig. 0-17: Undersupply in the LUDV system
Delivery volume of the pump qmax. = 100 l/min. Example

If only actuator 1 is operated, the pressure differential Δp at the valve opening is 10 bar
and the flow is 100 l/min.
If only actuator 2 is operated, the pressure differential Δp at the valve opening is 10 bar
and the flow is 50 l/min.
If the actuators 1 + 2 are operated, the system is undersupplied as the pump delivery
volume with 100 l/min is not sufficient for both actuators = 150 l/min.
The actuator flows are reduced in the ratio of the undersupply 1 : 1.5.
The reduced actuator flows are 100 / 1.5 = 66.7 l/min and 50 / 1.5 = 33.3 l/min.
The calculation results in Δpred. = 4.4 bar.
In practice, the reduction of the actuator flow rates takes effect correspondingly faster in
case of fast actuation of the second actuator and may lead to an abrupt deceleration of
the first actuator.
Disadvantage: If the command values are canceled, the actuators are accelerated.
Primary and secondary pressure valve
The primary pressure valve is located at the input element. This pressure relief valve is
used to set the maximum system pressure in channel P.
The secondary valve is installed in the actuator ports. This pressure relief valve is used
to limit the max. actuator pressure. The secondary valves are used as protection against
pressure peaks and external forces; they take effect when the control spool is not oper-
ated.
Secondary valves are designed as pure pressure valves or as valves with pressure and
feed function. The feed function is a check valve that opens when the pressure in the
actuator is lower than the pressure in channel T.
This function is important in order to prevent vacuum and cavitation in the actuators.
Vacuum in cylinders results in air separations from the oil leading to seal damage and
unwanted delays in the working behavior of the machine.
Vacuum in hydraulic motors leads to cavitation destroying the motor and the machine may
completely get out of control.
This is very dangerous with winches and carriages; for safety reasons, there is therefore
additional safety equipment like lowering brake valves in order to prevent this.
Hydraulic pilot control
The operation with mechanical handle-operated levers requires the operator to be directly
at the control block.
With many construction machines, the control block is in a central position and the con-
struction machine operator sits in a cabin having good view of the working area.
An operation using rods is too inflexible and complex.
With most construction machines, the operating elements e.g. hydraulic pilot control units
are integrated in the driver's seat armrest and in this way allow for comfortable operation
of the machine.
The signal is transmitted by means of hydraulic pressure from the hydraulic pilot control
unit to the control spool.
In the hydraulic pilot control unit, a pressure reducing valve is used to set a pressure con-
tinuously, depending on the characteristic curve, from 6 to 24 bar. This pilot pressure acts
on the pilot spool that is clamped by the centering springs.
The spring force increases with an increasing stroke.
Proportionately to the lever deflection of the pilot control unit, a pilot pressure is gener-
ated that again adjusts the directional valve main spool until the forces at the directional
valve spool are balanced.
Function LS control block M4-12
Cover A
Cover B
1 Housing 7 LS shuttle valve

2 Main spool 8 Spring chamber
3 Pressure compensator 9.1 Pressure reducing valves
4 LS pressure limitation valve (Pilot control valve "a")
5.1 Secondary shock/feed valve 9.2 Pressure reducing valves
5.2 Plug screw (Pilot control valve "b")
6.1 A side stroke limitation 10 Handle-operated lever
6.2 A side stroke limitation
6.3 B side stroke limitation
Fig. 0-18: Sectional drawing control block M4-12
The sectional drawing shows a directional valve element with mechanical and
electrohydraulic actuation.
Mechanical operation (see figure 0-18)
Using the handle-operated lever (10), the main spool (2) can be operated in
both directions.
The stroke limitations (6.1, 6.2, 6.3) can be used to set the maximum flow rate.
Two set screws (6.1 or 6.2) influence the flow of P → A, one set screw (6.3) the
flow P → B.
Hydraulic and electrohydraulic operation (see figure 0-18)
The hydraulic pilot pressure can either be controlled using the hydraulic pilot control unit
4TH6 or using the electrical pressure reducing valves (9.1, 9.2).
The hydraulic control connections are always located in the cover A. Through a bore in
the housing, the pilot pressure reaches the cover B.
The pilot oil supply X comes from the input element into which a pilot oil supply has been
installed.
The pilot oil drain Y must be led to the tank at zero pressure.
Using the main spool (2), the flow direction is controlled and using the stroke the
flow rate.
Apart from that, the load pressure is recorded by means of bores in the main spool (2).
Grooves are milled into the main spool (2), the opening cross-section of which determines
the flow rate in the supply and also the flow rate to the T channel.
Pressure compensators (see figure 0-18)
The pressure compensator consists of a spool (3) with milled-in grooves and a bore for
recording the pressure in front of the main spool (2). The spool (3) is loaded with a spring
determining the pressure differential Δp at the main spool.
By means of shims, the spring force and consequently the pressure differential Δp and
thus the maximum flow with identical opening cross-section of the valve can be changed.
The pressure compensator shown has moreover a load holding function. This prevents the
lowering of the load if the pressure in P is less than the load pressure.
LS signal (see figure 0-18)
The LS signal is recorded by bores in the main spool and led into the pressure compensa-
tor spring chamber. In this area, the LS signal can be limited by means of the LS pressure
relief valve for every actuator port. At the measuring points MA and MB, the LS pressure
can be measured or also influenced by means of external valves.
The LS signal is forwarded to the pump controller via the shuttle valve (7).
Pressure limitation (see figure 0-18)
The actuator ports A and B can be protected from excessive pressure by means of sec-
ondary pressure valves (5.1). The secondary valve shown is not adjustable.
It simultaneously offers a feed function by acting as check valve of T → A.
The plug screw (5.2) is necessary if neither the pressure limitation nor the feed-in is nec-
essary.
Input element (see figure 0-18)
The input element accommodates the primary pressure valve and the pilot oil supply.
P line, T line, LS line and pilot oil line (X, Y) are connected at the input element.
There are input elements in different designs (see data sheet RE 64276).
End elements
In the end elements, the LS pressure is discharged. Alternatively to the discharge, there
may be an external LS port for more LS actuators.
Discharge of the LS pressure to the tank in the non-operated condition of the directional
valves is important for the failure-free functioning of the system. In this connection, the
pump's displacement controller is notified a low pressure level (standby pressure).
This must also be ensured with an external LS connection (see data sheet RE 64276).
6
8
1
1 Housing 7 Shuttle valve
2 Directional valve main spool 8 Handle-operated lever
3 Pressure compensator 9 Proportional pressure reducing valve
4 LS pressure relief valve
5 Secondary pressure relief valve (with
cavitation protection) and plug screw
6 Stroke limitation
Fig. 0-19: Circuit diagram M4-12
Function LUDV control block SX-12
1 Housing 4 Pressure compensator

2 Main spool 5 Secondary valve
3 Check valve 6 Plug screw
Fig. 0-20: Sectional drawing control block SX-12
The sectional drawing shows a directional valve element with mechanical actuation.
Mechanical operation (see figure 0-20)
The main spool (2) can be operated in both directions.

Stroke limitations are not provided.
Hydraulic operation (not shown)
The hydraulic pilot pressure can be set using the hydraulic pilot control unit 4TH6. With
hydraulic actuation, stroke limitations are possible.
The hydraulic control connections are located in the covers.
Main spool (see figure 0-20)
Using the main spool (2), the flow direction is controlled and using the stroke the
flow rate.
Grooves are milled into the main spool (2), the opening cross-sections of which determine
both, the flow rate in the supply and the flow rate to the T channel.
Pressure compensators (see figure 0-20)
The pressure compensator consists of a spool (4) with milled-in grooves and a bore for
recording the pressure after the main spool (2).
The spool (4) is symmetrical and not loaded with a spring.
The pressure differential Δp at the main spool is determined by the pump controller and in
case of undersupply results due to reduced flows. (See basics)
The check valves (3) have the load holding function. This prevents the lowering of the load
if the pressure in P is less than the load pressure.
LS signal (see figure 0-20)
The load pressure is recorded by means of a bore in the spool of the pressure compensa-
tors (4).
The pressure compensator of the actuator with the highest load is always complete-
ly open.
Only in this case is the bore open.
That means that only the load pressure of the actuator with the highest load is recorded
and forwarded to the pump and the other pressure compensators.
The pressure compensators of the actuators with lower load pressure are in a control
position in which the bore is overlapped.
Shuttle valves are therefore not required.
Pressure limitation (see figure 0-20)
The actuator ports A, B can be protected from excessive pressure by means of secondary
pressure valves (5). It simultaneously offers a feed function by acting as check valve of T
→ B.
The plug screw (6) is screwed in if neither the pressure limitation nor the feed-in is neces-
sary.
Input element (see figure 0-20)
The input element accommodates the primary pressure limitation and the LS unloading.
The primary pressure limitation is effected by limiting the LS signal.
As option, the input element can be equipped with a flushing valve, opening a connection
P → T.
The P line, T line, LS line and pilot oil X, Y are connected at the input element.
There are input elements in different designs (see data sheet RE 64128).
End elements
As end element, there may be an end plate or a plate with additional port P3 (see data
sheet RE 64128).
Notes
RE 09970/03.11 I Safety instructions Bosch Rexroth AG 25
General safety instructions
So that the possible dangers of machines and systems are recognized, safety regulations,
product information and operating instructions must be observed.
Trainer must make the necessary documentation available to the trainee. When us-
ing competitive products, the safety instructions prescribed by the manufacturer apply,
whereas it has to be ensured that the components and systems comply with the currently
valid and relevant EU directives.
The commissioning is therefore prohibited until it was confirmed that the elec-
trohydraulic components and systems that are to be used comply with the pro-
visions of all relevant EU directives.
Warning
General, basic safety instructions
Then following is to be observed:
• Danger warnings and safety instructions at the machine,

• Operating instructions regulating the behavior during operation in order to avoid
accidents and damage to health, which are to be prepared by the operator / employer
e.g. on the basis of accident prevention regulations Warning
• Operating instructions ensuring the proper, intended use of the hydraulic system.
The operating instructions are to provide information and avoid dangers when
installing the hydraulic components into the system – in this case the installa-
tion of the electrohydraulic components into the practice stand - and it provides
information and notes for transport, storage and maintenance (inspection, ser-
vice, repair) of the hydraulic system.
Only in case of strict compliance with the operating instructions can accidents
and damage to property be avoided and failure-free operation of the hydraulic
system be guaranteed.
Apart from that, compliance with the operating instructions results in:
• Reduced down times and repair costs
• Increased service life of the hydraulic system.
26 Bosch Rexroth AG Safety instructions I RE 09970/03.11
Hydraulic oil on mineral oil basis is water-endangering and inflammable. It may only
be used if the corresponding safety data sheet is available and all measures prescribed
therein have been realized.
The hydraulic system may only be operated in a technically unobjectionable condition.
The intended use, performance data and operating conditions must not be changed.
You must not decommission protective devices / components, e.g. by bridging end
switches, valves and other control components.
If for maintenance works, protective devices have to be bridged, safety measures have
to be taken in advance which guarantee that no dangerous situation can result. The supe-
rior machine operating instructions have to be observed.
The operation of adjustment equipment at components and/or changes at program-

mable control systems may only be carried out by authorized personnel within the scope
of the intended use of the hydraulic system.
In an emergency, in case of error or other irregularities:

• Hydraulic systems are to be switched off and the main switch is to be secured against
re-activation,
• The danger zone is to be secured so that nobody can access the danger zone in an
uncontrolled form and without this being known,
• Responsible specialists must be informed immediately.
Uncontrolled access of company-external persons to the direct operating‑area of the

hydraulic system (also if the hydraulic system stands still) is forbidden.
Important:
Those are general safety provisions that have to be observed in detail in every proj-
ect task.
Effects of air Air may be available in hydraulic oils in the following forms: As dissolved air (invisible), as
in the oil surface foam (visible) and as undissolved, dispersed air (visible). While dissolved air and
a little bit of surface foam have hardly any disadvantageous effects, dispersed air can lead
to major problems. As the oil contains very small air bubbles in a very finely dispersed
form that can only rise to the surface very slowly, the following faults may occur:
• Unequal or jerky movements of the hydraulic pistons, vibration in the system due to an
increase in the compressibility, changed actuating times of servo valves
• Noise in the pump
• Cavitation damage at pumps, lines and seals
• Accelerated aging of the oil
• Microdiesel effect, one form of thermal cracking due to high temperatures in com-
pressed small air bubbles
RE 09970/03.11 I Safety instructions Bosch Rexroth AG 27
In order to avoid undissolved air in the oil, the following has to be observed: Leak-tight-
ness of the system on the suction side, perfect size of the storage tank, installation of
baffles in the oil storage tank, favorable design of the suction system without throttling
points, sufficient oil level, low oil circulation speeds, submersible pumps instead of high
suction heads.
Hydraulic systems are closed systems. I.e. in case of intended use, the hydraulic oil is not Environmental
released in the environment. Leak-tightness of the units and timely maintenance / repair aspects
have to be ensured. Particularly hydraulic hoses and hose connections are to be closely
monitored and checked. The oil change has to be completed appropriately and profession-
ally; the used oil has to be disposed of complying with all legal provisions.
Hydraulic fluids on mineral oil basis are water-endangering and inflammable. Safety aspects
Hydraulic fluids may only be used if the corresponding safety data sheet of the
manufacturer is available and all measures prescribed therein have been real-
ized.
If leakage at the hydraulic product can lead to water and soil contamination, the
hydraulic product must be put into a suitable drain tray. Danger
One of the basic prerequisites for the failure-free operation of a hydraulic system is the Filtration
unobjectionable condition of the hydraulic fluid as pollution still is one of the main reasons
for failure of hydraulic components. The following sketch shows different types of pollution
that may lead to pollution of the hydraulic fluid.
Notes
28 Bosch Rexroth AG Safety instructions I RE 09970/03.11
1 External pollution
2 Assembly + Repair
3 New oil
4 Wear debris in pump
5 Wear debris of seals
Fig. 0-22: Sources of pollution
Classification The technical data sheets of the component manufacturers include information on the
evaluation of the solid share in the hydraulic fluid by means of classification ‑ systems
(standardized cleanliness classes).
Today, the standards NAS 1638 (National American Standard) and ISO DIS 4406 are
most widely used.
Today, specification of the filtration rating in μm is no longer common; it is, however, still
frequently used in the preparation of circuit diagrams.
Important:
The detailed topic "Filtration and maintenance" is not dealt with in the mobile hydraulic
project manuals.
The sources of information mentioned in this project manual like data sheets, operating
instructions and reference books contain information on the "Filtration" topic.
RE 09970/03.11 I Operation LS unit Bosch Rexroth AG 29
Operation load sensing (LS) unit
• Displacement-controlled vane pumps (2.1) Set-up

• Pressure relief valves 70 bar (2.32, 2.52); type-tested
• Return line filter (3.0)
• Connection blocks with plug-in couplings for P1-3, T1-2, LS
• 3-way ball valves (7.1, 7.2)
• LS pressure relief valves (2.0)
• Measuring ports MP1, MX
The 3-way ball valves (7.1, 7.2) are in position P → L (lever downwards). Function
In this position, the line from the pump is blocked and the connection block to the leakage
oil is unloaded and depressurized.
After switch-on of the electric motor, the pumps are controlled to a pressure of 15 bar. By
operation of the 3-way ball valve by 90°, the connection block P is connected with P1 of
the pump (operating position).
Without pressure in port LS, the pressure P remains at 15 bar, according to the spring
value at the displacement controller X.
In order to get a higher pressure in P, a pressure signal must be available at the port LS.
Together with the spring, this LS pressure acts on the displacement controller X.
The pressure P is therefore always 15 bar higher than the LS pressure.
If the LS pressure is taken from port P1, the pump behaves like a pressure-
controlled pump.
The controlled pump pressure is set using the LS pressure relief valve (2.0).
In order to prevent overloading of the LS pressure relief valve (2.0) with excessive flow, a
limitation nozzle 0.8 (3.0) has been installed upstream.
The LS pressure relief valve (2.0) has a 50 bar compression spring.
With max. load, a controlled pressure P of 65 bar can be set.
In practices with constant pressure (industrial hydraulics), the LS pressure must be taken Operation in
from P1. training mode
The controlled pressure P is set to 50 bar using the LS pressure relief valve (2.0).
In practices with load sensing (mobile hydraulics), the LS pressure must be taken from the
LS port of the control blocks used.
The control pressure is set to 60 bar using the LS pressure relief valve (2.0).
In the rest position (lever vertically downwards), the connection block to the leakage oil is
unloaded and the P line is blocked.
In the operating position (lever horizontal), the 3-way ball valve is used to connect the con-
nection block P with P1 or P2 pump.
• The pressure P only amounts to 15 bar and increases very slowly after the 3-way ball Error possibilities
valve has been brought into operating position.
• Cause: No LS pressure at controller X (measuring point MX)
→ In this case, the LS pressure will only rise above the controller spool leakage.
• Constant pressure: No connection established from P1 to LS
• Load sensing: LS connection not established
• Nozzle 0.8 (3.0) blocked → Remove the LS coupling connector and check and clean
the nozzle, if necessary.
30 Bosch Rexroth AG Operation LS unit I RE 09970/03.11
Setting instruction for external control block pressure relief valve

(primary pressure relief valve)
For setting the maximum working pressure, an external pressure relief valve DD1.N-W
(item 02) is used for didactic reasons.
Valve setting procedure:

1. Connect port P1 with the LS port at the connection block.
2. Establish the measuring points MP and MP1.
3. Connect the pressure relief valve at port P2 and port T via the distributor with port T2
at the connection block.
4. Switch on the training system.
5. Bring the 3-way ball valve (item 7.1, 7.2: from the rest position into the operating
position (lever horizontal).
6. Set the control block pressure relief valve to 40 or 50 bar (value varies depending on
the practice).
Important:
The primary valves that are usually installed in the SM12 control block are set at the test
stand with a flow qV = 5 l/min and 55 °C oil temperature.
Setting instruction for pre-filling pressure of the hydraulic accumulator
The diaphragm-type hydraulic accumulator must be filled before every commissioning or

practice with nitrogen (not included in scope of delivery) to the necessary, gas-side pre-
filling pressure (p0 = 15 to 18 bar) or unloaded accordingly. For this purpose, the filling
and test equipment for hydraulic accumulators is necessary (Mat. no. R900001439; not
included in the standard scope of delivery).
Important:
The hydraulic accumulator used in the training system may be operated with the follow-
ing pressure ratio:
• Operating pressure p / pre-filling pressure p0 → 8 : 1
(e.g. max. operating pressure x jcyl. = 60 bar x 1.69 = 101.4 bar → p0 = > 13 bar
Attention: In case of improper use, the hydraulic accumulator may be destroyed!

RE 09970/03.11 I Practice Bosch Rexroth AG 31
Circuit diagram load sensing unit
32 Bosch Rexroth AG Practice I RE 09970/03.11
Practice with constant pressure system
Size 4
Unit limit
70 bar
Fig. 0-23
In this practice, the behavior of a constant pressure system with throttle valve and change-
able load is to be worked out.
The practice is important to identify the function of displacement-controlled pumps in the
constant pressure system.
• The pump is a displacement-controlled vane pump V7 (1). Components

• Using the throttle valve (2), the delivery volume is set to 5 l/min.
• The load is changed using the pressure relief valve (3).
• Using the pilot pressure relief valve (4), the maximum pump pressure is set.
• In the supply of the pilot pressure relief valve (4), a nozzle 0.8 mm has been installed.
• The actuator volume is measured by means of a flow meter (5).
The pump has two control spools max. and min. and one controller (7). Function
The max. spool has a larger diameter and is moreover spring-loaded so that the pump can
deliver upon start-up.
The min. spool has a smaller diameter and is connected with P.
The controller (7) is kept in the position P → max. by a spring. In this position, the max.
spool is loaded with pressure from P. The stroke ring is moved in the displacement direc-
tion until the pressure P is greater than the pressure X + spring value. If the pressure P is
greater, the controller spool (7) is moved and the max. spool is unloaded. The stroke ring
is now moved from min. spool in the zero stroke direction. If the pressure P falls below the
pressure X + spring value, the controller spool (7) is pushed back by the spring and the
stroke ring moves back in the displacement direction. The control spool (7) controls the
stroke ring position.
The control pressure LS is recorded in front of the throttle (2) and corresponds to the
pressure P.
The pilot pressure valve (4) limits the pressure after the supply nozzle 0.8 and forwards it
to the controller (7).
As the pressure in P corresponds to the pressure in X, the stroke ring is maintained at max.
displacement until the pilot pressure relief valve (4) opens and limits the pressure X. The
nozzle 0.8 is necessary for the pilot oil limitation and the pressure drop in X.
Pressure X corresponds to pressure P minus the spring value.
Using the pilot pressure relief valve (4), the pressure P can be remotely adjusted.
The pilot pressure relief valve (4) is absolutely necessary as otherwise, the stroke ring is
not moved to zero stroke. In this case, the pump pressure would increase until the safety
pressure relief valves (6) open. If the entire delivery volume is discharged to the tank via
the safety pressure relief valves (6), the oil heats up considerably.
Set-up according to circuit diagram. Practice

The flow meter must be installed after the load pressure relief valve in order to record the implementation
actuator volume.
It is important to measure the pilot pressure in front of the throttle.
1. Unload the pressure relief valves (3, 4).

2. Open the throttle valve (2) completely.
3. Switch on the pump, bring the 3-way ball valve into operating position.
4. Close the throttle valve (2).
5. Use the pilot pressure relief valve (4) to set a pressure P = 50 bar.
6. Use the throttle valve to set the flow rate to 5 l/min, with unloaded load pressure valve
(3).
7. Use the load pressure valve (3) to increase the load pressure in 5 bar steps.
8. Enter the pressures p, pL, pX and the flow values qV into the table.
9. Calculation of the pressure differential Δp at the throttle and the power loss with
Pv = qV • ΔpDr / 600.
pL p pX qV ΔpR ΔpDr PV
(in bar) (in bar) (in bar) (in l/min) (in bar) (in bar) (in kW)
5 48.8 35.1 5 13.7 43.8 0.365
10 49 35.1 4.7 13.9 39 0.31
15 49.1 35.1 4.4 14 34.1 0.25
20 49.2 35.1 4.0 14.1 29.2 0.19
25 49.4 35.2 3.6 14.2 24.4 0.15
30 49.5 35.2 3.1 14.3 19.5 0.10
35 49.6 35.1 2.6 14.5 14.6 0.06
40 49.8 35.1 2.1 14.7 9.8 0.03
45 50 35.2 1.4 14.8 5 0.01
Fig. 0-24: Table 1 (DR)
Device
arrangement
Fig. 0-25
Result Using the pilot pressure relief valve (4), the pressure p can be adjusted.
The pressure in the line P and the pressure pX are always almost constant.
Using the throttle valve (2), the flow 5 l/min can be set.
If the load pressure is increased, the flow continuously decreases as the pressure differ-
ential Δp at the throttle decreases.
With low load pressure, the power loss is highest.
Important:
With real machine for example, the pressure in line P is > 250 bar and the delivery vol-
ume is > 100 l/min.
Here, the power loss with low load pressures is much higher.
250 bar • 5 l/min / 600 = 2 kW or 250 bar • 100 l/min / 600 = 41.7 kW
Practice with load sensing system
Size 4
Unit limit
70 bar
Fig. 0-26
In this practice, the behavior of a load sensing system with throttle valve under the influ-
ence of changeable load is to be worked out.
The practice is important to identify the function of displacement-controlled pumps in the
load sensing system.
Components • The pump is a displacement-controlled vane pump V7 (item 1.0).

• Using the throttle valve (item 2.0), the delivery volume is set to 5 l/min.
• The load is changed using the pressure relief valve (item 3.0).
• Using the pilot pressure relief valve (item 4.0), the maximum pump pressure is set.
• In the supply of the pilot pressure relief valve (item 4.0), a nozzle with a diameter of
0.8 mm is installed.
• The actuator volume is measured by means of a flow meter (item 5.0).
Function The V7 pump has a controller (item 7.0) and two control spools with different diameter.
The spool with the smaller diameter is connected with port P. The spool with the larger
diameter is spring-loaded in order to bring the stroke ring in idle run into an eccentric
position. Consequently, pump delivery upon start-up is possible.
A spring keeps the controller (item 7.0) in the position p → max. In this position, the larger
spool is loaded with pressure from line P. The stroke ring is moved in the displacement di-
rection until the pressure p is greater than the pressure "pX + spring value". If the pressure
p is greater, the controller spool is moved and the larger spool is unloaded. The stroke
ring is now moved from the smaller spool in the zero stroke direction. If the pressure p
falls below the pressure "pX + spring value", the controller spool is pushed back by the
spring and the stroke ring moves back in the displacement direction. The control spool
controls the stroke ring position.
The pilot pressure X is measured after the throttle (item 2.0) and corresponds to the pres-
sure pL.
The pressure pL = pX with an unloaded load pressure valve corresponds to approx. 0 bar.
The pressure p moves the control spool against the control spring on position P → L and
the larger spool is unloaded, the pressure p moves the stroke ring on zero stroke. The
spring value corresponds to the zero stroke pressure.
The pressure p therefore always exceeds the pressure pLS, namely by the spring value.
The pressures pX and pLS always fall below the pressure p, namely by the spring value.
In this way, the pressure differential Δp at the throttle is kept constant.
Using the pilot pressure relief valve (item 4.0), the pressure after the supply nozzle is
limited. Opening this valve limits the pressure pX. The nozzle (0.8) is necessary for limiting
the pilot oil and for the pressure drop at port X.
Using the pilot pressure relief valve, the maximum pressure at port P can be set.
The pilot pressure relief valve (item 4.0) is absolutely necessary as otherwise, the stroke
ring is not moved to zero stroke. In this case, the pump pressure would increase until the
safety pressure relief valves (item 6.0) open. If the entire delivery volume is discharged to
the tank via the safety pressure relief valves, the oil heats up considerably.
Practice
implementation Set-up according to circuit diagram.
The flow meter must be installed after the load pressure relief valve in order to record the
actuator volume.
It is important to measure the pilot pressure after the throttle.
1. Unload the pressure relief valves (3,4).

2. Open the throttle valve (2) completely
3. Switch on the pump, 3-way ball valve in operating position
4. Screw in the load pressure relief valve (3) to stop (max. pressure)
5. Using the pilot pressure relief valve (4), set p = 50 bar
6. Unload the load pressure relief valve (3) completely again (min. pressure)
7. Using the throttle valve (2), set 5 l/min, with unloaded load pressure valve (3)
8. Use the load pressure valve (3) to increase the load pressure in 5 bar steps.
9. Enter the pressures p, pL, pX and the flow values qV into the table
10. Calculation of the pressure differential ΔpR = p – pX at the pump controller, the pressure dif-
ferential ΔpDr = p – pl at the throttle, the power loss at the throttle with Pv = qV • ΔpDr/600.
pL p pX qV ΔpR ΔpDr PV
(in bar) (in bar) (in bar) (in l/min) (in bar) (in bar) (in kW)
5 19.4 5.7 5 13.7 14.4 0.12
10 24.5 10.8 5 13.7 14.5 0.12
15 29.4 15.7 5 13.7 14.4 0.12
20 34.4 20.7 5 13.7 14.4 0.12
25 39.4 25.7 5 13.7 14.4 0.12
30 44.4 30.7 5 13.7 14.4 0.12
35 47.8 34 4.3 13.8 12.8 0.09
40 49 34.7 3 14.3 9 0.05
45 49.6 35 1.4 14.6 4.6 0.01
Fig. 0-27: Table 1 (LS)
Device
arrangement
Fig. 0-28
Result Using the pilot pressure relief valve (4), the maximum pressure p can be limited.
The pressure differential ∆p at the throttle valve is constant until the maximum pump pres-
sure is achieved.
Using the throttle valve (2), the flow 5 l/min can be set.
If the load pressure is increased, the flow remains almost constant as long as the pres-
sure differential ∆p at the throttle remains constant.
If the maximum pump pressure is reached, the pilot pressure pX is limited and the pres-
sure differential ∆p at the throttle and the flow decrease.
A load sensing system only functions if the pressure differential ∆p at the throttle can be
kept constant.
If the maximum pump pressure set is achieved and the load pressure continues to in-
crease, the pressure differential decreases and the flow delivered to the actuator decreas-
es.
Important:
With real machines, the pressure p is e.g. > 250 bar and the delivery volume is > 100 l/min.
Here, the constantly low power loss for energy saving has very positive effects.
• 20 bar • 5 l/min / 600 = 0.17 kW or 20 bar • 100 l/min / 600 = 3.3 kW
Using the spring pretensioning at the displacement controller (item 7.0), the pressure
differential ∆pR can be changed.
Notes
RE 09970/03.11 I Project 01: Primary pressure limitation Bosch Rexroth AG 1
Project 01: Primary pressure limitation

01
Project definition
A large rotary drill is operated with a load sensing control for the top drive and the cylinder
feed.
Settings are to be made in the commissioning.
The maximum system pressure is to be limited so that the device cannot be overloaded.
The maximum safety pressure is set using the primary pressure valve.
The maximum operating pressure is set using the load sensing pressure limitation (LS-
DB) at the connection block.
Fig. 01-1: Drill in operation
Project tasks
• The differences between the pressure limitations are to be worked out.

• Determination of the correct order when setting the pressures.
• Find the location of the set screws.
• Measuring and setting the pressures.
• Determine the system behavior of the different pressure limitations with primary pres-
sure valve and LS-DB.
2 Bosch Rexroth AG Project 01: Primary pressure limitation I RE 09970/03.11
01
Project steps
• Information: What is the current condition of the machine?

What exactly is to be done?
• Planning: Selecting and inspection documents for information.

Component selection.
Where are the components, set screws and measuring
points located?
Preparation of the hydraulic circuit diagram.
• Decision-making: How must the components be connected with each other in

order to realize the requirements?
• Execution: Setup of the hydraulic control.

Setting the required values and their documentation.
• Checks: Are the required values achieved?
• Evaluation: How is the system behavior?
Notes
01
Circuit diagram hydraulic power unit
Size 4
Unit limit
70 bar
Fig. 01-2: Hydraulic circuit diagram

01
Circuit diagram hydraulic set-up
Measuring glass
Size 4

01
Component select with parts list
item Quantity Device designation Type designation
01 1 Load sensing mobile control block 2M4-12
02 1 Pressure relief valve DD1.1
03 1 Distributor DZ4
04 1 Flow meter + Multi-handy DZ30
Pressure gauge with measuring hose DZ1.4

09 1
(or digital pressure sensor)
5 Hose line 90° 1000 mm DKO/DKO90x1000
1 Hose line 90° 2000 mm VSL3.1
1 Hose line 630 mm VSK1
Fig. 01-4: Parts list for hydraulic circuit diagram Fig. 01-3
01
Device arrangement
Fig. 01-5: Device arrangement for parts list Fig. 01-4 and hydraulic circuit diagram Fig. 01-2
Notes
01
Safety instructions
The operating instructions and accident prevention regulations must be observed.
Danger due do flying component parts.

Do not disassemble components under pressure.
Warning
Risk from pressurized oil.
Risk of injury from leaking oil and oil jet.
Connect the return line T properly.
Only assemble/disassemble circuits at zero pressure. Caution
Pressure release:
1) Lower the load
2) 3-way ball valve in rest position (vertical)
3) Switch the directional valve several times
4) Unload accumulator
5) Control by means of pressure gauge: 0 bar in P, A, B

If the tank port is closed, the control block may burst.
The tank channel is only approved for 30 bar.
If the tank port at the control block is closed, 60 bar and - with the pressure Caution
intensification of the cylinder - 100 bar may result in the T channel!
The correct connection of the return lines T is particularly important!

Control block T must be connected at the connection block T1 or T2.
The pilot oil return line Y is to be connected at zero pressure, e.g. at the measur-
ing glass. Accumulator T must be connected at the connection block T1 or T2.
After termination of the practice:

1. Lower the load
2. Switch the 3-way ball valve in rest position
3. Switch the directional valve spool through several times in both directions
in order to discharge residual pressures.
4. Empty the pilot oil accumulator by opening the unloading valve.
5. Control by means of pressure gauge
6. Switch off the pump
01
Order execution
Requirements on the control:

The hydraulic circuit is set up so that first of all, no actuator is connected.
The primary pressure is limited by means of a pressure relief valve in the P line and the LS
pressure limitation in the connection block.
For evaluating the system behavior, the flow rate in the P line from the connection block to
the distributor is measured.
Note for trainers:

Using the data sheet RE 64276, the correct connection of the M4-12 control block can
be worked out. Ports T, P, LS and Y must be used.
The pilot pressure ports a, b must be short-circuited. Otherwise, the control spools is
blocked by leakage oil.
With the data sheet, it is also possible to determine the position of the components and
the measuring points.
In the control block, there is no primary pressure valve. This function is performed by an
external pressure relief valve DD1 at the distributor.
The LS-DB is located in the connection block (see operating instructions).
The sealed pressure valves at the unit must not be adjusted.
Set up the circuit. In this connection, proceed according to the following points:
1. Hydraulic control
Work out the circuit diagram and the parts list in order to satisfy the requirements.
Hang in the hydraulic components according to the circuit diagram and establish the hose
connections.
For connecting pressure gauges with DZ1.4 measuring line, pressure hoses DZ 25.1 are
used.
Manually tighten the pressure gauge measuring lines at the relevant measuring port of the
pressure hose.
Check the correct tight connection of the components with the pressure hoses by turning
the hoses.
2. Setting the pressures and measuring the flow rate qP

Before switch-on of the pump, the LS-DB and the primary pressure valve are unloaded.
After pump switch-on and operating position of the 3-way ball valve, only a low pressure
will build up.
First of all, the safety pressure is to be set using the primary pressure valve.
As this pressure is the higher one, the LS-DB must first of all be set to max. by rotating
the set screw to the right stop.
The 1A directional valve is operated. There is no actuator flow as the system is operated
against the closed couplings.
Using the primary pressure valve, the safety pressure is set to p = 65 bar (measuring
point MP).
Note down the flow rate qP with operated directional valve.
Operate the 1A directional valve and unload the LS-DB until an operating pressure p =
40 bar is reached.
Here, note the flow rate qP with operated directional valve, as well.
01
3. Determining the power loss
With P (kW) = p (bar) • qP (l/min) / 600, the power loss can be calculated.
Power loss at safety pressure = 0.63 kW (~ 6.5 l/min • 65 / 600)
Power loss at operating pressure = 0.07 kW (~ 1.0 l/min • 40 / 600)
Note for trainers:

The order of the pressure settings is: First the higher safety pressure, then the lower
operating pressure.
At the safety pressure, the entire pump delivery volume flows off via the primary pressure
valve with max. pressure.
A considerable amount of heat is generated.
At the operating pressure, the pressure signal to the pump controller is limited by the LS-
DB and the pump is regulated. In this case, not much heat is generated as there is no
pump delivery.
In practice, this means a reduction in the heat loss and thus a reduction in the fuel con-
sumption if actuators are moved to stop.
In practice, the difference between primary pressure valve and LS-DB is to be at least
20 bar.
Assessment of the work results
a) In which order do you have to set the maximum pressures?

First of all, the higher safety pressure and then the lower operating pressure is set.
b) Which pressure limitation results in the higher power loss?

The safety pressure limitation results in the higher power loss as the
entire delivery volume flows off with high pressure via the primary pressure valve.
Project/trainer information
In the present project 01, knowledge of the correct pressure setting is developed in a
practical set-up.
In the practical set-up, the following knowledge is to be gained:

• Knowledge of the measuring points
• Order of the pressure setting of safety and operating pressure
• Determination of the power losses with the different pressure limitations
01
Notes
RE 09970/03.11 I Project 02: Actuator flow with stroke limitations Bosch Rexroth AG 1
Project 02: Actuator flow with stroke limitations
Project definition
A large rotary drill is operated with a load sensing control for the rotary disk and the cylin-
der feed.
Settings are to be made in the commissioning. 02
The maximum speed of the rotary disk is to be limited so that the drill works perfectly and
is not overloaded. The max. actuator flows shall be A1 = 4 l/min and B1 = 5 l/min.
Fig. 02-1: Caterpillar crane
Project tasks
• The function of the directional valve element with pressure compensator is to be

worked out.
• Find the location of the set screws.
• Measuring and setting the actuator flows.
2 Bosch Rexroth AG Project 02: Actuator flow with stroke limitations I RE 09970/03.11
Project steps

02
points located?


• Checks: Are the required values achieved?
Notes
Circuit diagram hydraulic set-up
02
Measuring glass
Measuring glass
Size 4

02 01 1 Load sensing mobile control block 2M4-12
05 1 Motor DM8

12 2
Hose line 90° 1000 mm with measur-

1 DKO/DKO90x1000 M
ing port
2 Hose line 630 mm with measuring port DZ25.3
1 Optical speed sensor (optional) E19
Device arrangement
02
Notes
Safety instructions
02
Warning
Caution Only assemble/disassemble circuits at zero pressure.
Pressure release:
1) Lower the load

Caution If the tank port at the control block is closed, 60 bar and - with the pressure


1. Lower the load
in order to discharge residual pressures
4. Empty the pilot oil accumulator by opening the unloading valve
Order execution

The hydraulic circuit is set up so that the rotary motor is connected to A1, B1.
The primary pressure is limited by means of a pressure relief valve in the P line and the LS
pressure limitation in the connection block.
The flow rate is measured in the P line from the connection block to the control block.
Note for trainers:

Using the data sheet RE 64276, the correct connection of the M4-12 control block can
be worked out. Ports T, P, LS, Y, A1 and B1 must be used.
The pilot pressure ports a and b must be short-circuited.
With the data sheet, it is also possible to determine the position of the components and 02
the measuring points.
In the control block, there is no primary pressure valve. This function is performed by an
external pressure relief valve DD1 at the connection block.
The LS-DB is located in the connection block (see operating instructions).
The sealed pressure valves at the unit must not be adjusted.
Using the pressure compensators available in the directional valve element, the pressure
difference is maintained constant using the control spool.
Thus, the flow volume is only controlled by means of the opening cross-section.
The stroke limitations can be used to set the maximum opening cross-section.
It can be worked out by means of the sectional drawing which set screw is to be ad-
justed for the relevant actuator.
connections. For connecting pressure gauges with DZ1.4 measuring line, pressure hoses
DZ 25.1 are used.
pressure hose.
2. Setting the actuator flows and measurement of the flow rate qP

The pressure settings from project 01 are taken over.
After switch-on of the pump, only a pressure = 15 bar will build up measuring point MP1).
This pressure is the so-called standby pressure that is available with de-energized actua-
tors.
The A1 directional valve is operated. There is an actuator flow according to the directional
valve opening. With max. operation, the actuator volume is set to 4 l/min.
Operate the B1 directional valve and set the actuator volume to 5 l/min.
Note for trainers:

By explaining the pressure differential Δp and the pressure compensator, the function of
the directional valve elements and stroke limitations can be made clear.
It is important to see that with the stroke limitations, the maximum actuator flows and
thus the maximum velocities can be set individually.

a) Which actuating elements are used to set the max. actuator flow volume?
Stroke limitations are used to set the max. actuator flow volume.
b) Why can the max. actuator flow volume be set with the stroke limitations?
02 The max. actuator flow rate can - because of the constant pressure differential Δp at
the directional valve spools - be set with the stroke limitations.
c) Which component is used to keep the pressure differential Δp at the directional valve
spools constant?
Pressure compensators keep the pressure differential Δp at the directional valve
spools constant.
In the present project 02, knowledge of the setting of maximum flow rates is developed in
a practical set-up.

• Knowledge of the measuring points
• Setting possibilities for the max. actuator flow volume
Notes
RE 09970/03.11 I Project 03: Load pressure compensation Bosch Rexroth AG 1
Project 03: Load pressure compensation
Project definition
der feed.
Now, the speed of the rotary disk is to be check with different loads.
In case of loading by solid ground, the speed of the rotary disk is to remain constant, if
possible, so that the drilling power is not reduced.
The max. actuator flow for drilling is A1 = 4 l/min.
03
Fig. 03-1: Mobile excavator
Project tasks
• The function of the directional valve element with pressure compensator is to be

worked out.
• Working out and using the pressure compensator function.
• Measuring the input pressure and the LS pressure.
• Calculation of the pressure differential ΔpLS.
2 Bosch Rexroth AG Project 03: Load pressure compensation I RE 09970/03.11
Project steps


points located?
03 Preparation of the hydraulic circuit diagram.


• Checks: Is the requested constant speed achieved and complied with?
Notes
Hydraulic circuit diagram
03
Measuring glass
Measuring
glass
Measuring glass
Size 4

03
05 1 Motor DM8
06 1 Pressure sequence valve DD3

13 3 (or digital pressure sensor)
1 Hose line 90° 1000 mm with measur-

DKO/DKO90x1000 M
ing port
Device arrangement
03
Notes
Safety instructions

03 Warning
Pressure release:
1) Lower the load



1. Lower the load
Order execution

The hydraulic circuit is set up so that the rotary motor is connected to A1, B1.
The primary pressure limitation 65 bar is realized using a pressure relief valve in the P line
and the LS pressure limitation 50 bar in the connection block.
For simulating the load, a pressure sequence valve is installed in the A1 line in front of the
motor.
Note for trainers:

The DD3 pressure sequence valve is installed for load simulation in the A1 line in front
of the motor.
That is why the DD3 pressure sequence valve only opens above the set pressure and
keeps the pressure in the A1 line at the set value. The idle run resistance of the motor is
not influenced.
For the control block function, the pressure in the actuator port A1 is decisive.
The leakage oil connection T of the DD3 pressure sequence valve must be connected at
zero pressure.
03
connections.
used.
Tighten the pressure gauge measuring lines at the relevant measuring port of the pressure
hose manually.
2. Setting different load pressures, measurement of speed and pressures Mp,

MpLS, MpL
After switch-on of the pump, only a pressure = 15 bar will build up.
This pressure is the so-called standby pressure that is available with de-energized actuators.
The DD3 pressure sequence valve is completely unloaded.
The A1 directional valve is fully operated (pull the lever).
The motor rotates with pressures according to the load.
The load pressure is increased in 5 bar steps up to 50 bar.
Enter the pressures Mp, MpLS, the pressure differential ΔpLS and the motor speed n into
the table.
Measure the load pressure in front of the pressure sequence valve and MpL at A of the motor.
Smallest load pressure: 17 bar
Load pressure Pressure Mp Pressure MpLS Pressure differen- Motor speed n

MpL (in bar) (in bar) tial DpLS (in min–1)
(in bar) Motor 1 Motor 2 Motor 1 Motor 2 (in bar) Motor 1 Motor 2
17 31.2 28.8 17.5 16 14.3 480 466
20 34.5 32.0 20.8 18 14.1 480 466
25 39.4 37.3 25.7 25 14 480 466
30 44.6 42.2 30.9 30 13.9 480 466
35 48 46.0 34.7 35 12 450 430
40 48.9 47.2 35.6 38 8.4 310 330
45 49.5 47.8 36.3 40 4.1 170 143
50 50 0
Fig. 03-5: Table

Note for trainers:

By explaining the pressure differential Δp and pressure compensator, the function of the
directional valve elements can be made clear.
It is important to see that the motor speed also remains almost constant under load.
By means of the pressure compensators, the pressure differential Δp at the control
spools is kept constant.
It can moreover be seen that the LS pressure pLS and the load pressure pL are identical.
This shows that the LS pressure always corresponds to the load pressure.
The pump pressure pP always exceeds the LS pressure by the control pressure differ-
03 ence of the pump controller. This is necessary so that the oil can overcome the resis-
tances in the P line and in the control block.
Without pressure differential no flow!
From a load pressure of 35 bar, the LS pressure limitation takes effect and consequently,
the pressure differential ΔpLS decreases.
a) How has the motor speed changed in case of load changes behavior?
The motor speed has changed only slightly.
b) How large is the pressure differential LS pressure - load pressure?

The pressure differential is very low.
c) How large is the pressure differential pump pressure - LS pressure?

The pressure differential is approx. 15 bar and corresponds to the control pressure
differential of the pump controller.
In the present project 03, the independence of the motor speed from the load pressure is
developed in a practical set-up.

• Function of the pressure compensator and its application
• Pressures in the load sensing system
RE 09970/03.11 I Project 04: Pressure losses in P line Bosch Rexroth AG 1
Project 04: Pressure losses in P line
Project definition
With large drills, the winches are installed in the mast.

The control block is also to be installed in the mast. This enlarges the distance to the
pump and thus the length of the P line. The longer the P line the higher is the pressure
loss.
It is to be determined in a practice whether this influences the performance of the winch-
es.
04
Fig. 04-1: Mobile excavator
Project tasks
• A possibility for simulating the pressure loss is to be worked out.

• Determining the necessary measuring points.
• Perform measurements for evaluating the system.
• Evaluating the influence of a higher pressure loss in the P line.
2 Bosch Rexroth AG Project 04: Pressure losses in P line I RE 09970/03.11
Project steps
• Information: What exactly is to be done?

How can the higher pressure loss be simulated?


Measuring the required values and their documentation.
04
• Checks: Which influence does a higher press loss in the P line have on
the drilling power?
Notes
04
Measuring glass
Measuring glass
Size 4

05 1 Motor DM8
04
06 1 Throttle valve DF1

13 3
Hose line 90° 1000 mm with mea-

1 DKO/DKO90x1000 M
suring port
Device arrangement
04
Notes
Safety instructions

Warning
04
Pressure release:
1) Lower the load



1. Lower the load
Order execution

The hydraulic circuit is set up so that the motor is connected to A1, B1.
For simulating the pressure loss in the P line, a DF1.2 throttle valve is installed.
A flow meter is used to measure the displacement in the P line.
Note for trainers:

Using the DF1.2 throttle valve, an increased pressure loss can be simulated.
In practice, there is an increased pressure loss if the lines are long and the cross-section
is too small.
Hang in the hydraulic components at the grid according to the circuit diagram and estab-
lish the hose connections.
For connecting pressure gauges with DZ1.4 measuring line, DZ25.1 pressure hoses are
used.
Tighten the pressure gauge measuring lines at the relevant measuring port of the pressure 04
hose manually.
Primary pressure valve setting: 65 bar
2. Setting different pressure losses, measurement of the pressures Mp1, Mp,

MpLS, displacement qP
After pump switch-on and operating position of the 3-way ball valve (horizontal), the motor
is operated.
With completely opened throttle, an actuator flow A1 = 4 l/min is set.
In this practice, the oil temperature has an important influence; therefore, the
oil temperature should be approx. 25 °C.
The pressure loss Mp1 – Mp is set to 5 bar and increased in 1 bar steps to 10 bar.
Enter the pressures Mp1 in front of the throttle, Mp at the block input, pLS (MpLS) at the
block and the displacement qP in the P line in the table.
Pressure loss Mp1 – Mp. Pressure Mp1 Pressure Mp Pressure MpLS Displacement qP
calculated (in bar) (in bar) (in bar) (in bar) (in l/min)
5 21 16 9.0 8.0 4.0 3.8
6 21 15 8.0 8.0 3.8 3.7
7 21 14 8.0 7.0 3.5 3.3
8 21 13 7.0 6.6 3.1 3.0
9 20 11 3.0 5.7 0.2 2.3
10 18 8 0 4.0 0 1.0
Fig. 04-5: Table
Note for trainers:

This practice is to clarify the influence of the line losses on the system.
It is important to see that with increasing line loss the displacement decreases.
Due to the higher pressure losses in the P line, the pressure differential decreases. thus,
the pressure differential ∆p at the control spools is also lower as is the flow. The pump
controller only controls the pressure differential ∆p = Mp1 – MpLS.
The influence of the pressure reduction can be compensated by increasing the control
pressure difference at the pump controller.
This means in practice that the control pressure difference at the pump controller must
be set accordingly high for each device depending on the losses in the P line. It must be
ensured that the maximum displacement required can flow.
a) How did the increase in the pressure losses in the P line influence the winch performance?
The winch performance has decreased as the displacement decreased.
b) How has the pressure differential (input pressure - LS pressure) changed?

The pressure differential has decreased.
04 c) How has the pressure differential (pump pressure - LS pressure) changed?

The pressure differential has not changed and corresponds to the control pressure
differential of the pump controller.
d) Which effects does this have in practice?

In practice, the control pressure difference must be set so high that the line losses are
compensated and the maximum displacement required can flow.
In the present project 04, the influence of the pressure loss in the P line is developed in a
practical set-up.

• Influence of the pressure loss in P line
• Differential pressures in the load sensing system and their effect
RE 09970/03.11 I Project 05: Hydraulic pilot control Bosch Rexroth AG 1
Project 05: Hydraulic pilot control
Project definition
The drill is equipped with a winch for lifting the drilling equipment.
The winch is remotely controlled from the driver's cab.
By deflecting the hydraulic control lever in the direction of the operator (pulling), the which
is to rotate counterclockwise.
By deflecting the hydraulic pilot control lever away from the operator (pushing), the which
is to rotate clockwise.
The maximum speed possible is to be achieved.
In order to evaluate the winch control, a characteristic curve of the winch against the pilot
pressure is to be prepared.
In order to always ensure the pilot oil supply, even with low load pressure or if the drive
motor is standing still, a pilot oil accumulator is to be provided.
05
Fig. 05-1: Control unit
Project tasks
• Working out the correct pinout for the specified directions of rotation.
• Working out the "hydraulic remote control" function.
• Correct installation of the pilot oil accumulator.
• Checking the "hydraulic remote control" function.
• Preparation of a characteristic curve motor speed / pilot pressure.
2 Bosch Rexroth AG Project 05: Hydraulic pilot control I RE 09970/03.11
Project steps

Where are the components and measuring points located?

order to achieve the specified directions of rotation?

Checking the "hydraulic remote control" function
• Checks: Are the directions of rotation correct?

Is the pilot oil supply always guaranteed?
• Evaluation: How is the system behavior with hydraulic remote control?

05
Notes
Measuring
glass
05
Measur-
ing glass
Measuring glass
Size 4

05 1 Motor DM8
06 1 Hydraulic pilot control unit 2-2TH6-L70
07 1 Accumulator 0.7 l DZ3.2

05
09 1 Check valve DS2.1

16 3
Hose line 90° 1000 mm with

1 DKO/DKO90x1000 M
measuring port
Device arrangement
05
Notes
Safety instructions

Warning
Pressure release:
1) Lower the load
05 4) Unload accumulator



1. Lower the load
Order execution
Requirements on the control

The hydraulic circuit is set up so that with the control block M4-12 ports A1, B1, the winch
can be operated. When the lever is pushed, the winch must be rotated clockwise.
The max. operating pressure for the pilot control unit 2-2 TH6 must be max. 50 bar in
port P.
The max. admissible pressure in port T is 3 bar.

The minimum response pressure of the pre-tensioned directional valve spring is 8.5 bar.
For hydraulically operating the directional valve spool, 30 bar are absolutely enough as
with 22.5 bar, the directional valve spools are fully controlled.
Pilot control units are normally operated with a separate 30 bar pilot oil system.
It has to be ensured that the max. pilot pressure P for the pilot control unit is not higher
than 30 bar and always available. Therefore, the pilot control unit is connected at the pilot
oil accumulator.
In the M4-12 control block, a 30 bar pilot oil supply is integrated. The pilot oil supply is
connected at the pilot oil port X. A check valve prevents pilot oil from flowing off via the
M4-12 control block if the working pressure falls below the pilot pressure.
The pilot pressure pst. in a1, b1 of the hydraulic operations is to be measured.
Note for trainers:

Using the sectional diagram and explanation of the function of the directional valve ele-
ment, the correct connection of the actuators at the control block can be worked out.
It is important to see that the hydraulic pressure moves the directional valve spool
against the opposite spring. The hydraulic pressure acts on the spool area and generates
a force. 05
This force compresses the spring until the spring force corresponds to the hydraulic
force. During that time, the directional valve spool covers a corresponding stroke.
With low pressure, the hydraulic force is less and the spring is only compressed a little
bit; consequently, the spool stroke is accordingly shorter. I.e. with the amount of the
hydraulic pressure, you can control the spool stroke.
No pressure must build up in port T of the hydraulic pilot control unit as otherwise, it
supports the spring force and consequently falsifies the control characteristic curve.
Therefore, port T of the 2-2TH6 is to be connected at the measuring glass at zero pres-
sure.
used.
pressure hose.
the hoses.
2. Hydraulic remote control

Set the maximum flow rates.
For checking the directions of rotation, the motor is operated in both directions.
At first, however, actuation without pilot oil accumulator; for this purpose, the isolator
valve is closed and the accumulator is completely unloaded.
Measure the achievable pilot pressure. Result: 16 bar
Measure the achievable motor speed. Result: 350 min–1 (both directions of rotation)
In order to be able to load the pilot oil accumulator, the a2 hydraulic operation is con-
nected at the pilot control unit.
Connect the pilot oil accumulator and close the unloading valve.
As the motor load pressure is not sufficient to charge the accumulator with 30 bar, the
hydraulic operation a2 is operated.
Actuator port A2 of the directional valve 2 is closed and upon operation, the maximum
operating pressure of 50 bar results.
The accumulator pressure now increases up to 30 bar.
If afterwards, the motor is operated using directional valve 1 at b1, the control spool can
be operated with 30 bar even if the load pressure is much less.
Measure the achievable motor speed. Result: 600 min–1.
(Press the pilot control lever 1)
3. Measurements of the motor speed against the pilot pressure pst.

Install the pressure gauge in the control lines, close to the hydraulic operations a1 and b1.
Installing the tachometer.
Set different pressure ratings by pressing the pilot control lever 1 according to the follow-
ing table (clockwise direction of rotation of the motor).
Record the motor speed and the pilot pressure Mpst. a1 and enter the values in the table.
05
Pilot pressure Mpst. a1 Speed Pilot pressure Mpst. a1 Speed
(in bar) (in min–1) (in bar) (in min–1)
Motor 1 Motor 2 Motor 1 Motor 2
0 0 16 400 300
5 0 17 450 375
9 80 18 500 400
10 100 19 570 450
11 140 100 20 630 480
12 210 113 21 670 565
13 250 138 22 710 596
14 300 200 23 750 598
15 350 217 24 780 598
Fig. 05-5: Table Pressure pst. b1 with all deflections: 0.1 bar
Note for trainers:
Ad 2.:
With the standby pressure of 15 bar, the directional valve spools cannot be fully con-
trolled properly.
If the load pressure of the controlled actuator is too low, the directional valve spool
cannot be fully controlled either. Therefore, the required actuator velocity cannot
be achieved.
With the pilot oil accumulator there is always sufficient pilot oil pressure, irrespective of
the system pressure. Another important function of the pilot oil accumulator is to always
have pilot pressure available even if the pumps are switched off. In this case, a load can
e.g. be lowered with the pilot oil from the accumulator or the system pressure can be
relieved.
Ad 3.:
It is important to see that the pilot pressure increases linearly from 9 bar and rapidly from
25 bar to 30 bar. Thereafter, the pilot pressure remains at 30 bar in order to safely hold
the directional valve spool in the end position.
This characteristic curve corresponds to control curve 70, please refer to the data sheet
RE 64552, page 5.
Different control curves are provided for the relevant control block types. This is neces-
sary as the directional valve spools have different diameters, springs and strokes.
a) What is the advantage of a hydraulic pilot control?

Using the hydraulic pilot control, the directional valve spools can also be operated from
another position than the control block.
b) With which pressure is the LS pilot oil system operated?

The pilot oil system is a separate system with 30 bar pressure.
05
c) How is the pilot oil removed from the high-pressure system?
Via a pressure reducing valve, the pilot oil is removed from the high-pressure system
in the control block P channel.
d) How is the pilot oil supply ensured also in case of low load pressure?
The pilot oil supply is ensured by means of a pilot oil accumulator.
e) What is the special property of the pilot control unit?

The pilot control unit has a pilot pressure characteristic curve that is adjusted to the
relevant control block.
In the present project 05, knowledge of the function of the hydraulic remote control is

• Set-up and function of the pilot oil circuit with accumulator
• Set-up and function of the 2-2TH6 pilot control unit
• Characteristic curve of the pilot control unit
Notes
05
RE 09970/03.11 I Project 06: Boom cylinder with external action of forces Bosch Rexroth AG 1
Project 06: Boom cylinder with external action of forces
Project definition
The boom of an excavator is operated by means of cylinders.

The boom is lowered with weight and the load.
The boom is to be lifted by pulling the lever towards the operator.
The boom is to be lowered by pushing the lever away from the operator.
External forces must not cause any damage and must be limited.
External forces can e.g. act on a non-operated actuator by means of working movements
(secondary protection).
The maximum cylinder pressure must not exceed 70 bar.
For simulating the external forces, a hydraulic circuit is to be developed.
06
Fig. 06-1: Crawler excavator
Project tasks
• Working out the correct pinout for the specified stroke direction.
• Simulation of an external cylinder load.
• Checking the function of the secondary valve with external load.
2 Bosch Rexroth AG Project 06: Boom cylinder with action of external forces I RE 09970/03.11
Project steps

How can external loads be simulated?
How can the LS signal in this connection be forwarded to the
pump controller if the directional valve element A2, B2 is not to
be operated?

order to get the specified stroke direction with pulled lever?


Determining the required values and their documentation.
• Checks: Is the stroke direction correct?

Does the secondary valve work?

06
Notes
item 05
06
Mea-
suring
glass
Measuring glass
Size 4

05 1 Load unit 80 kg DS-LAST/BF-L80E03

16 3
06
17 1 Pressure reducing valve DD2

1 DKO/DKO90x1000 M
measuring port
Device arrangement
06
Notes
Safety instructions

Warning
Only assemble/disassemble circuits at zero pressure.
Caution
Pressure release:
1) Lower the load

06


1. Lower the load
Order execution

The hydraulic circuit is set up so that the boom can be lifted and lowered using the A2,
B2 directional valve element. When the pilot control lever is pulled towards the operator,
the boom must be lifted.
A pressure relief valve is to be used to set the max. primary pressure to 65 bar.
On the cylinder piston side, external loads are to be simulated with hydraulic pressure.
During the load simulation, a corresponding LS signal for the pump controller
must result.
The simulation of the external load shall be adjustable by means of a valve. The load pres-
sure must be so high that the secondary valve opens at 70 bar.
Note for trainers:

ment, the correct connection of the cylinder and the control lines at the control block can
be worked out.
The position of the secondary valves is obvious, as well.
By means of the load cylinder, the weight is lifted with the cylinder ring side
(= "lift boom").
For the load simulation on the cylinder piston side, a DD2.NV pressure reducing valve is
used. This valve is also connected at the cylinder piston side using a distributor.
The oil supply is ensured via the directional valve element A1 at the control block; for
that purpose, the pressure reducing valve is connected at the directional valve element
A1 with P. By operating the M4-12 handle-operated lever downwards (P – A1), the load
simulation is activated and with the pressure reducing valve, the load can be set. This
circuit secures the LS signal for the pump controller.
06
used.
pressure hose.
the hoses.
2. Function of the secondary valve in case of external load

For the measurement, connect the pressure gauge at the cylinder piston MA2 and the
ring side MB2.
Fully retract the cylinder with directional valve 2 (pull the pilot control lever 2).
The control spool of the directional valve A2, B2 is then not operated, i.e. it remains in the
blocked central position.
Operate the directional valve A1 for the load simulation (pull the pilot control lever 1).
While doing so, use the DD2.NV pressure reducing valve to increase the load pressure
on the cylinder piston side until the cylinder is lowered.
Carefully observe the cylinder and the pressures of the MB2 cylinder ring side before the
motion starts.
The secondary pressure valve is to be set so that it opens at 70 bar.
Note for the adjustment of the secondary pressure valves:

The adjustment spindle is secured by means of a lateral grub screw!
(Allen key 2 mm required)
Note for trainers:

It is important to see that the cylinder may also be lowered if the control spool in the
directional valve element concerned is not operated.
Increasing the pressure on the cylinder piston side increases the pressure on the cylin-
der ring side by the cylinder gear ratio.
At 70 bar, the secondary valve opens.
If the cracking pressure of the secondary pressure valve is achieved, it opens and the cyl-
inder is shut down via the secondary pressure valve. The oil is led into the T channel.
Important:
The cylinder must not be in the extended end position (counterforce cylinder, spring).
Using the secondary pressure valve, overloads can be limited by external forces, even
if the control spool is not operated. External forces may e.g. result from superimposed
working movements or from the fast deceleration of large weights like excavator booms,
slew drives, etc.
Secondary pressure valves aim at protecting the machine against overloads.
Normally, the cracking pressure of secondary pressure valves should at least be 20 bar
higher than the primary pressure.
The cracking pressure of secondary pressure valves may also be lower than the primary
pressure if the actuator must not be loaded with the primary pressure.
06 Assessment of the work results
a) What are secondary valves used for?

Secondary pressure valves are used to protect the machine from overloads.
b) When do secondary valves take effect?

Secondary pressure valves take effect in case of excessive pressure even if the actua-
tor is not operated.
c) How can a machine be protected against overload by external forces?

If external forces act, they can be limited by means of secondary pressure valves.
In the present project 06, knowledge of the protection against overload is developed in a
practical set-up.

• Simulation of an external load
• The secondary pressure valves opens if the pressure in the actuator channel is larger
than the set pressure
• The secondary pressure valve protects the cylinder against overload even if the control
spool is not operated
• Via the secondary pressure valve, the cylinder may give under overload
RE 09970/03.11 I Project 07: Secondary pressure limitation Bosch Rexroth AG 1
Project 07: Secondary pressure limitation
Project definition
der feed.
The bore rods are to be lifted by pulling the lever towards the operator.
By pushing the lever away from the operator the bore rods are to be lowered and the feed
is to be controlled.
In order not to overload the bore rods, the maximum feed pressure may only be 35 bar.
For the additional functions of the device, 60 bar are necessary.
07
Fig. 07-1: Walking excavator in the vineyard
Project tasks
• Setting the maximum cylinder force for the feed.
• Checking the function of the secondary valve for force limitation.
• Power loss calculation upon response by the secondary pressure valve.
2 Bosch Rexroth AG Project 07: Secondary pressure limitation I RE 09970/03.11
Project steps


How can the maximum feed force be limited?



Does the secondary valve work?
Notes
07
item 05
Measuring
glass
07
Measuring glass
Size 4


16 3

07
1 DKO/DKO90x1000 M
measuring port
Device arrangement
07
Notes
Safety instructions

Warning
Pressure release:
1) Lower the load


07 The pilot oil return line Y is to be connected at zero pressure, e.g. at the measur-

1. Lower the load
Order execution

The hydraulic circuit is set up so that with the directional valve element 2 with flow
P → B2, the boom can be lifted and with flow P → A2, it can be lowered. When the pilot
control lever is pulled towards the operator, the rods must be lifted.
By means of the secondary valve in A2, the maximum feed force = pressure in the cylinder
piston chamber is to be set to 35 bar.
For the system evaluation, a flow meter is installed in the P line.
Note for trainers:

be worked out.
The position of the secondary valves is obvious, as well.
With the load cylinder, the weight is lifted with the cylinder ring side.
The feed force is limited by the pressure limitation in the cylinder piston chamber with
the secondary valve in A2.
If the maximum feed force has been reached, the secondary valve opens and the entire
actuator flow volume flows off to port T with a large pressure differential. This generates
heat. (P = q • Δp / 600)
In order to recognize this, the flow meter is installed in the P line and the flow is measured.
used.
pressure hose.
07
the hoses.
2. Function of the secondary valve for limiting the feed force

ring side MB2.
By operating the directional valve 2 with flow P → A2, extend the load cylinder into the
end position.
At which pressure does the secondary pressure valve open?
Set the secondary pressure valve until there are max. 35 bar in the cylinder piston cham-
ber.
Measure and note down the flow during the cylinder movement and in the extended end
position and re-calculate the power loss.
Note for trainers:

It is important to see that the cylinder pressure can be limited by means of the secondary
valve.
At 35 bar, the secondary valve opens.
If the cracking pressure of the secondary pressure valve is achieved, it opens and the oil
flows off into the T channel via the secondary pressure valve.
Secondary pressure valves aim at protecting the machine against overloads.
The cracking pressure of secondary pressure valves lies below the primary pressure if
the actuator must not be loaded with the primary pressure.
If the secondary valve is open, a power loss results corresponding to q • Δp. This can be
accepted temporarily, e.g. for limiting short overload peaks. If this is, however, the case
for a longer period of time, e.g. in order to continue drilling with maximum feed, this may
lead to inadmissibly high oil temperatures. Apart from that, the fuel consumption is high.
These findings are important for the next project.
a) What are secondary valves used for?

Secondary pressure valves are used to protect the machine from overloads.
b) When do secondary valves take effect?

Secondary pressure valves limit the maximum working forces and take effect if they
have been reached.
c) What is the disadvantage of this type of pressure limitation?

If working pressures are limited by means of secondary pressure valves, heat results in
continuous operation that may lead to high oil temperatures.
In the present project 07, knowledge of the limitation of working forces is developed in a
practical set-up.
07 In the practical set-up, the following knowledge is to be gained:
• The secondary pressure valves opens if the pressure in the actuator channel is larger
than the set pressure.
• The secondary pressure valve limits the pressure in the cylinder and thus the maximum
force.
• This type of force limitation results in high power loss.
RE 09970/03.11 I Project 08: Load sensing pressure limitation Bosch Rexroth AG 1
Project 08: Load sensing pressure limitation
Project definition
der feed.
The bore rods are to be lifted by pulling the lever towards the operator.
By pushing the lever away from the operator the bore rods are to be lowered and the feed
is to be controlled.
So that the bore rods do not get stuck, the maximum feed pressure may only be 35 bar.
The pressure limitation with the secondary valve cannot be used due to the high power
loss.
For the additional functions of the device, 60 bar are necessary.
08
Fig. 08-1: Telescopic crane
Project tasks
• Setting the maximum cylinder force for the feed using the LS pressure limitation.
• Checking the "LS pressure limitation" function for the force limitation.
• Power loss calculation upon response by the LS DB valve.
2 Bosch Rexroth AG Project 08: Load sensing pressure limitation I RE 09970/03.11
Project steps


How can the maximum feed force be limited without the second-
ary valve?



Does the LS pressure limitation function?
Notes
08
item 05
Measuring
glass
08
Measuring glass
Size 4


16 3

08
Hose line 630 mm with

3 DZ25.3
measuring port
Device arrangement
Notes
08
Safety instructions

Warning
Pressure release:
1) Lower the load



1. Lower the load
08 2. Switch the 3-way ball valve in rest position
Order execution

P → B2, the boom can be lifted and with flow P → A2, it can be lowered. When the lever
is pulled towards the operator, the boom must be lifted.
By means of the LS pressure relief valve in A2, the maximum feed force = pressure in the
cylinder piston chamber is to be set to 35 bar.
For the system evaluation, a flow meter is installed in the P line.
Note for trainers:

be worked out.
The position of the LS pressure valves is obvious, as well.
With the load cylinder, the weight is lifted with the cylinder ring side.
The feed force is limited by the pressure limitation in the cylinder piston chamber with
the LS pressure valve in A2.
If the maximum feed force has been reached, the LS signal is limited and the pressure
compensator closes.
In this case, no more oil flows into the actuator channel and the power loss is very low.
Only pilot oil is flowing through the LS pressure valves (P = q • Δp / 600).
In order to recognize this, the flow meter is installed in the P line and the flow is measured.
With the relatively low flow volumes in the teaching system, the difference in the power
loss (see project 07) is not very large; with real systems with e.g. 150 l/min flow rate,
the difference is much clearer.
Hang in the hydraulic components at the mounting grid according to the circuit diagram
and establish the hose connections.
For connecting pressure gauges with DZ1.4 measuring line, pressure hoses DZ 25.1 are used.
pressure hose.
Check the correct tight connection of the components with the pressure hoses by turning 08
the hoses.
2. Function of the LS pressure valve for limiting the feed force

cylinder ring side MB2.
By operating the directional valve 2 with flow P → A2, extend the load cylinder into the
end position.
So that the LS pressure valve and the secondary pressure relief valve do not influence
each other, the secondary pressure relief valve is set to 50 bar. Thus, the secondary pres-
sure relief valve has an additional safety function.
At which pressure does the LS pressure valve open?
Set the LS pressure valve so that there are max. 35 bar in the cylinder piston chamber.
Measure and note down the flow during the cylinder movement and in the extended end
position and re-calculate the power loss.
Note for trainers:

It is important to see that the cylinder pressure can be limited by means of the LS pres-
sure valve.
At 35 bar, the LS pressure limitation takes effect and the pressure compensator closes.
Now, no more oil flows into the actuator channel.
The measured flow value in the P line is the pilot oil volume for the LS pressure valve.
LS pressure valves aim at the low-loss limitation of working pressures.
The working pressures may be lower than the primary pressure without generating ad-
ditional high losses.
The secondary pressure valve is set 10 to 20 bar higher than the LS pressure valve.
Thus, it is a safety valve.
a) What are LS pressure valves used for?

Using LS pressure valves, the maximum working pressures are set to values below
the primary pressure.
b) How does the LS pressure limitation function?

Limitation of the LS signal closes the pressure compensator and the power loss is
minimized.
c) What is the advantage of this type of pressure limitation?

If working pressures are limited by means of LS pressure valves, only low power loss
results in continuous operation.
In the present project 08, knowledge of the limitation of working forces is developed in a
08 practical set-up.

• Function of the LS pressure limitation
• Safety function of the secondary pressure valve
• This type of force limitation does not result in high power loss
RE 09970/03.11 I Project 09: Parallel operation with sufficient delivery volume Bosch Rexroth AG 1
Project 09: Parallel operation with sufficient delivery volume
Project definition
The boom of a crane is operated by means of a cylinder.

The winch is driven by a hydraulic motor.
2-2TH6:
By moving the pilot control lever 1 away from the operator (pushing), the which is to
rotate clockwise. By deflecting the pilot control lever 2 in the direction of the operator
(pulling), the boom is to be lifted.
4TH6:
By deflecting the lever to the right, the winch is to be operated clockwise and the load is
to be lifted (only with 4TH6).
The boom is to be lifted by deflecting the lever towards the operator.
The winch functions analogously to the boom.
Winch and boom are to be moved simultaneously.
The winch speed is to be kept constant, if possible, while the boom is moved simultaneously.
Fig. 09-1: Heavy telescopic crane

09
Project tasks
• Working out the correct pinout for the specified stroke directions.
• Setting the specified flow values.
• Checking the function in individual and parallel operation.
2 Bosch Rexroth AG Project 09: Parallel operation with sufficient displacement I RE 09970/03.11
Project steps



order to get the specified stroke direction?

Checking the function in individual and parallel operation
• Checks: Are the stroke direction and flow values correct?
• Evaluation: What is the system behavior in individual and parallel operation?
Notes
09
Measuring glass
Measuring
glass
Measuring glass
09
Size 4

04 1 Motor DM8
06 1 Hydraulic pilot control unit 2-2TH6-L70; alternatively 4TH6-97

17 3

1 DKO/DKO90x1000 M
measuring port

09
Device arrangement
Notes
09
Safety instructions

Warning
Pressure release:
1) Lower the load



1. Lower the load
09 6. Switch off the pump
Order execution

The hydraulic circuit is set up so that with the control block M4-12 ports A1, B1, the
winch can be operated.
Using A2, B2, the boom is lifted and lowered.
Note for trainers:

Using the sectional diagram and explanation of the function of the M4-12 directional
valve element, the correct connection of the actuators at the control block can be worked
out.
With the load unit, the weight is lifted with the cylinder ring side = Lift boom.
Work out the function of the directional valve element particularly that of the pressure com-
pensators and the shuttle valves by means of circuit diagram and sectional diagram.
In parallel operation, the actuator with the highest load determines the LS pressure. This
is achieved via the LS shuttle valves.
The pressure compensator controls the pressure differential Δp at the control spool (me-
tering orifice); consequently, the pressure differential is always constant.
I.e. in parallel operation, changed pressure conditions are automatically compensated
by the pressure compensators. This makes the operation of the machine easier for the
operator as with constant lever deflection, the actuator velocity will also remain constant.
Parallel operation with the LS system will only function if the pump displacement is suf-
ficient for all actuators. If the flow rate of all actuators becomes larger than the maximum
pump displacement, the pressure compensators can no longer work properly. Conse-
quently, the actuator with the highest load will become slower or come to a complete
standstill.
In order to avoid this effect in this project, the actuator volumes are set to 4 l/min.
The pump delivery volume is 8 l/min and is - with 2x4 l/min - not exceeded.
used.
pressure hose.
the hoses.
09
2. Individual operation of winch and boom
For checking the stroke directions, the actuators are individually operated in both direc-
tions. The flow rates are set as follows:
Motor A1, B1 = 4 l/min
Cylinder A2, B2 = 4 l/min
(For the setting, short-circuit A2, B2 with hose.)
3. Parallel operation with max. motor speed first; then operate the boom cylinder
The motor is operated with max. speed, i.e. the lever is first of all switched through com-
pletely.
Then, the boom cylinder is connected in the Lift direction.
Observe the behavior of the two actuators.
4. Parallel operation: Lift boom cylinder first, then operate the motor
The boom cylinder is slowly lifted, i.e. the lever is operated first.
Then, the motor is slowly connected up to the max. speed.
5. Parallel operation with 50 % motor speed and lift boom cylinder
Using the lever, the motor is first of all brought to 50 % speed.
The lever position for the motor actuation remains unchanged while the cylinder is slowly
operated in the Lift direction.
6. Parallel operation with 50 % motor speed and lower boom cylinder
operated in the lower direction.
7. Parallel operation with const. 50 % motor speed and lift and lower boom
The lever position for the motor actuation is now changed so that the speed remains con-
stant while the cylinder is slowly operated in the Lift and Lower direction.
Note for trainers:

Ad 2.:
The individual operation is unchanged with regard to the previous projects.
Ad 3., 4.:
It is important to see that with 100 % operation of the first element with 4 l/min = max.
motor speed, the cylinder performs a movement corresponding to the lever deflection. In
parallel operation, the actuators with the higher load pressures (lift cylinder) and those
with the lower load pressure are to be operated independently of each other.
09 Ad 5., 6.:
It is important to see that the two actuators do not influence each other in parallel opera-
tion.
If the lever position for the motor is maintained without changes while the boom is oper-
ated, the motor speed does not change.
In order to lift the cylinder, higher pressure is necessary than the pressure for the motor.
By increasing the pressure p (Mp), the pressure differential Δp at the pressure compensator
for the motor is increased. Consequently, the pressure compensator reduces the opening
cross-section, the flow is identical and the motor keeps the speed almost constant.
By means of the pressure compensator, the pressure differential Δp at the control spools
is kept constant.
If the cylinder is lowered, the lower load pressure is here. In this case, the pressure com-
pensator for the cylinder will now reduce the opening cross-section.
Ad 7.:
Here, it now becomes clear why pressure compensators are advantageous for controlling a
machine with different load pressures. Thus the term "load pressure compensation".
This is much more difficult with the throttle control as the operator must provide for the
load pressure compensation.
With mobile machines, superimposed movements are common like in this project in
which a crane winch has to be operated simultaneously with the boom movement.
The pressure compensators are able to compensate changes in the pressure differential
Δp in order to keep the speed constant.
The faster the movements are operated and the faster the pressure conditions change,
the more advantageous is the operation.
So it is also possible to supply all actuators jointly with one pump circuit.
a) Why are the actuator flow rates set to 2x4 l/min?

In parallel operation, the max. pump displacement of 8 l/min must not be exceeded.
b) Which component simplifies the parallel operation with different load pressures?
The pressure compensator keeps the pressure differential Δp at the control spool
constant and in this way simplifies the operation.
c) Do the actuators influence each other in parallel operation?

In parallel operation, the actuators do not influence each other.
d) How does the pressure compensator of the actuator with the lower load pressure react?
Due to the larger pressure differential Δp, the pressure compensator reduces the
opening cross-section. At the actuator grooves, Δp remains constant.
e) What effects does this have on the operation?

This simplifies the machine operation.
f) Which other advantage does this system offer?

It is possible to connect the actuators to one joint pump circuit.
In the present project 09, knowledge of the behavior in parallel operation with sufficient
delivery volume for all simultaneously operated actuators is developed in a practical 09
set-up.

• Set the flow rates
• Load pressure compensation: In parallel operation, pressure compensators keep the
pressure differential Δp at the control spools constant
• The actuators do not influence each other in parallel operation
• Controls with pressure compensators are easier to operate
Notes
09
RE 09970/03.11 I Project 10: Parallel operation with insufficient delivery volume Bosch Rexroth AG 1
Project 10: Parallel operation with insufficient delivery volume
Project definition
The boom of a crane is operated by means of a cylinder. The winch is driven by a hydrau-
lic motor. By moving the pilot control lever 1 away from the operator (pushing), the which
is to rotate clockwise.
By deflecting the pilot control lever 2 in the direction of the operator (pulling), the boom is
to be lifted.
By deflecting the lever to the right, the winch is to be operated clockwise and the load is
to be lifted (only with 4TH6).
The boom is to be lifted by deflecting the lever towards the operator.
The winch functions analogously to the boom.
Winch and boom are to be moved simultaneously.
The winch speed is to be kept constant, if possible, while the boom is moved simultane-
ously. For increasing the working speeds, the flow rates are to be increased.
Fig. 10-1: City excavator
10
Project tasks
• Working out the correct pinout for the specified stroke directions.
• Setting the specified flow values.
• Checking the function in individual and parallel operation.
2 Bosch Rexroth AG Project 10: Parallel operation with insufficient displacement I RE 09970/03.11
Project steps



order to get the specified stroke direction?

Checking the function in individual and parallel operation.
• Checks: Are the stroke direction and flow values correct?
• Evaluation: What is the system behavior in individual and parallel operation?
Notes
10
Measuring glass
Measuring
glass
Measuring glass
Size 4
10
04 1 Motor DM8
06 1 Hydraulic pilot control unit 2-2TH6-L70; alternatively 4TH6-97

17 3

1 DKO/DKO90x1000 M
measuring port

10
Device arrangement
Notes
10
Safety instructions

Warning
Pressure release:
1) Lower the load



1. Lower the load
Order execution
10
The hydraulic circuit is set up so that the winch can be operated with the control block
M4-12 ports A1, B1.
Using A2, B2, the boom is lifted and lowered.
Note for trainers:

Using the sectional diagram and explanation of the function of the M4-12 directional
valve element, the correct connection of the actuators at the control block can be worked
out.
With the load unit, the weight is lifted with the cylinder ring side = Lift boom.
Work out the function of the directional valve element particularly that of the pressure com-
pensators and the shuttle valves by means of circuit diagram and sectional diagram.
In parallel operation, the actuator with the highest load determines the LS pressure. This
is achieved via the LS shuttle valves.
The pressure compensator controls the pressure differential Δp at the control spool (me-
tering orifice); consequently, the pressure differential is always constant.
I.e. in parallel operation, changed pressure conditions are automatically compensated
by the pressure compensators. This makes the operation of the machine easier for the
operator as with constant lever deflection, the actuator velocity will also remain constant.
Parallel operation with the LS system will only function if the pump displacement is suf-
ficient for all actuators. If the flow rate of all actuators becomes larger than the maximum
pump displacement, the pressure compensators can no longer work properly. Conse-
quently, the actuator with the highest load will become slower or come to a complete
standstill.
In order to get this effect in this project, the actuator volumes are set to 6 l/min.
The pump delivery volume is 8 l/min and is - with 2x6 l/min - exceeded if the actuators
are fully controlled.
used.
pressure hose.
the hoses.
2. Individual operation of winch and boom

For checking the stroke directions, the actuators are individually operated in both direc-
tions. The flow rates are set as follows:
Motor A1, B1 = 6 l/min
Cylinder A2, B2 = 6 l/min
(For the setting, short-circuit A2, B2 with hose.)
10
3. Parallel operation with max. motor speed first; then operate the boom cylinder
The motor is operated with max. speed.
Then, the boom cylinder is connected in the "Lift" direction.
4. Parallel operation: Lift boom cylinder first, then operate the motor
The boom cylinder is slowly lifted until 50 % pump delivery volume, i.e. the lever is oper-
ated first.
Then, the motor is slowly connected up to the max. speed.
5. Parallel operation with 50 % motor speed and lift boom cylinder
operated in the "Lift" direction until 50 % pump delivery volume.
6. Parallel operation with 50 % motor speed and lower boom cylinder
operated in the "Lower" direction until 50 % pump delivery volume.
7. Parallel operation with const. 50 % motor speed and lift and lower boom
The lever position for the motor actuation is now changed so that the speed remains con-
stant while the cylinder is slowly operated in the "Lift and Lower" direction.
Note for trainers:

Ad 2.:
The individual operation is unchanged with regard to the previous projects.
Ad 3., 4.:
It is important to see that with 100 % operation of the first element with 6 l/min = max.
motor speed, the cylinder only performs a slow movement. In parallel operation with
insufficient displacement, actuators with higher load pressure (lift cylinder) are slower.
In this case, both pressure compensators go in the direction of the close position. The
actuators can no longer be operated independently of each other. That means throttle
control of both actuators.
Ad 5., 6.:
It is important to see that as with the throttle control, the two actuators influence each
other in parallel operation with insufficient delivery volume.
10 In order to lift the cylinder, higher pressure is necessary than the pressure for the motor.
The cylinder slows down.
If the cylinder is lowered, the lower load pressure is here.
The motor slows down.
The oil always flows the path of least resistance.
Ad 7.:
Here, the effect of insufficient delivery volume in parallel operation does now be-
come clear.
The pump delivery volume must - for independent parallel operation - always be suffi-
cient for all simultaneously operated actuators.
a) Has the increase in the actuator flow rate to 2x6 l/min led to an increase in the working
velocities?
In individual operation, the working velocity increased.
In parallel operation, the working velocity did not increase and interfering influences
of the actuators resulted.
b) Do the actuators influence each other in parallel operation?

In parallel operation, the actuators influence each other as the maximum pump delivery
volume of 8 l/min is exceeded.
c) What effects does this have on the operation?

This has disturbing effects on the machine operation.
d) What has to be observed for failure-free parallel operation?

The actuator flow rates of all simultaneously operated actuators must not exceed the
pump delivery volume.
In the present project 10, knowledge of the behavior in individual and parallel operation is

• Set the flow rates
• The actuators influence each other in parallel operation if the actuator flow rates of all
simultaneously operated actuators exceed the pump delivery volume
10
Notes
10
RE 09970/03.11 I Project 11: Stroke cylinders with alternating direction of force Bosch Rexroth AG 1
Project 11: Stroke cylinders with alternating direction of force
Project definition
An excavator is operated with a load sensing control.

The boom is to be lifted by pulling the lever towards the operator.
The boom is to be lowered by pushing the lever away from the operator.
When the equipment touches the ground, the device operator expects immediate digging
force.
After fast lowering of the equipment, it firstly stops for a short period before the digging
force is available. This behavior is not accepted by the device operator and an operation
sequence without interruptions must be possible.
Fig. 11-1: Excavator in operation
Project tasks
• Examination of the described operation sequence.
• Working out measures for an operation sequence without interruptions.
11
2 Bosch Rexroth AG Project 11: Stroke cylinder with alternating force direction I RE 09970/03.11
Project steps

• Decision-making: How can the problem be analyzed?

Determination of the necessary values and their analysis.
Working out a system optimization.
• Checks: Is the operation sequence free of interruptions?
Notes
11
Measuring
glass
Measuring glass
Size 4
11
Measuring
glass
Measuring glass
Size 4
11
Component selection with parts list for Fig. 11-2
06 1 Hydraulic pilot control unit 4TH6-97

16 2

1 DKO/DKO90x1000 M
measuring port
11
Component selection with parts list for Fig. 11-3
04 1 Pressure sequence valve DD3
06 1 Hydraulic pilot control unit 4TH6-97

16 2

1 DKO/DKO90x1000 M
measuring port
11
Device arrangement
Notes
11
Safety instructions

Warning
Pressure release:
1) Lower the load



1. Lower the load
11
Order execution

P → B2, the boom can be lifted and with flow P → A2, it can be lowered. When the pilot
control lever is pulled towards the operator, the boom must be lifted.
For the system evaluation, the following measurement points are necessary:
• Pressures in Mp, MpLS, MA2
Note for trainers:

In this project, the pressure in the cylinder piston chamber is particularly interesting.
This project can only be implemented with a vertical (hanging at the cylinder) and heavy
load of approx. 80 kg.
In order to maintain the load cycle, the cylinder is loaded at the stroke end with a spring.
used.
pressure hose.
the hoses.
2. Analysis of the system behavior

For the measurement, connect the pressure gauge at the cylinder piston side.
By operating the directional valve P → A2, extend the load cylinder several times into the
end position using different velocities.
While doing so, observe in particular the velocity of the cylinder when it hits the
load spring.
Determine the pressures with negative (pulling) load, upon touching and with positive
(pushing) load.
3. System optimization
As the vacuum in the cylinder piston chamber is the reason for the interruption in the mo-
tion, it has to be avoided.
The vacuum is generated during lowering as the load pulls the cylinder out faster than the
oil from the control block flows in. In this case, there is a charging deficit.
There can only be hydraulic traction if the charging deficit has been remedied. During this
period, no motion is possible as the oil flowing in must first of all re-fill the cylinder. 11
I.e. it has to be ensured that the pressure on the supply side (cylinder piston chamber)
never falls below 5 bar so that no air is dissolved.

This can be achieved by compensating the load.
For this purpose, the pressure on the discharge side (cylinder ring side) must be able to
hold the load.
As the system is operated with different velocities and always the same load weight, a
pressure valve can be used for the load compensation.
The pressure in throttle valves are velocity-dependent and not suitable for this application.
In real applications, the load velocities and weights are in most cases variable.
In order to avoid the vacuum in this case, lowering brake valves have to be used.
Lowering brake valves are throttle or pressure valves that act on the discharge side and
are controlled from the supply side.
As here, no suitable lowering brake valves are available, the load is-compensated by
means of a pressure valve.
The advantage of the DD3 pressure sequence valve is that the bypass check valve for
lifting is integrated.
Connect the cylinder ring side at the DD3 pressure sequence valve at P, A at control
block B, L at leakage oil.
Set the DD3 pressure sequence valve so that the pressure in the cylinder piston chamber
is 5 bar during lowering.
Observe the system behavior with different velocities.
Note for trainers:

Ad 2.:
It is important to see from the lowering that with negative load, the pressure in the cylin-
der piston chamber is below 1 bar.
When contacting the load spring, the pressure first of all remains below 1 bar. The mo-
tion is interrupted until the load pressure increases.
Vacuum is always related to air dissolution in the cylinder piston chamber when lowering
with negative load. The motion can only be continued if the dissolved air has been com-
pressed.
Ad 3.:
It is important to see that the charging deficit is only completely excluded with a pres-
sure > 1 bar during the entire lowering stroke. The motion is now continued without
delay in the load cycle as no air has to be compressed any more.
As compared to throttle valves, another advantage of pressure valves and lowering brake
valves that are used as hydraulic counterpressure is that they block the discharge line
and hold the load.
In safety-relevant applications (e.g. lifting gear), these valves must be directly mounted at
the cylinder.
In this project, only the charging deficit at the cylinder can be considered.
The charging deficit at hydraulic motors is much more critical!
If here, a charging deficit results, the dissolved air is - together with the pistons of the rota-
tional unit - carried forward to the discharge side. On the discharge side, the pistons must
be supported by an oil column, that is not available in case of a charging deficit.
The pistons fall into nothingness and the motor rotates faster which even increases the
charging deficit. An uncontrolled overspeed results and the motor may be destroyed.
It is fatal if this happens with a crane winch with loads in great height or with a carriage
11 on a slope.
Fig. 11-7: Air dissolution due to vacuum
a) What interrupts the motion sequence after the load has been lowered? During the low-
ering of the load, there is a charging deficit in the cylinder piston chamber which must
first of all be removed.
b) What happens in case of vacuum?

In case of a vacuum, air is dissolved from the oil.
c) Which measure can be taken to prevent vacuum?

The load must be compensated with pressure on the discharge side.
In the present project 11, knowledge of the effect and compensation of negative forces is

• Effects of vacuum in the hydraulic system
• Application of load compensation
11
Load-sensing control block in RE 64276/08.2010
Replaces: 08.2008
1/64
mono and sandwich plate design
Type M4-12
Nominal size 12
Unit series 2X
Nominal pressure 350 bar (pump side)
Nominal pressure 420 bar (actuator side)
Maximum flow
– Pump side: 200 l/min for central inlet element
150 l/min for lateral inlet element
– Actuator side: 130 l/min with pressure compensator and
load holding function
HAD 7407
Table of contents
Content Page
Types of operation cover B 41, 4242
Features 2
Secondary valves 43, 44
Function 2
Housing options that can be ordered 45
Cross-section 3
End elements 46, 47
Symbol 3
Dimensions 48 to 60
Technical data 4
On-board electronics (EPM) 61
Modular structure 5 to 7
Electronic pilot module: Pin assignment 62
Order details 8 to 11
Electronic pilot module: Accessories 63
Order examples 12 to 16
Inlet elements 17
Closed Center (J) 17 to 21
Open Center (P) 22
Monoblock Closed Center (JM) 23
Monoblock Open Center (PM) 24
Directional valve elements
Pressure compensator 25
LS pressure relief function 26 to 30
Main spool 31, 32
Flow 33
Types of operation cover A – mechanical 34 to 40
Voltage supply and plugs 40
2/64 Bosch Rexroth AG M4-12 | RE 64276/08.2010
Features
System Flow
•• Load pressure-independent flow control •• Load pressure compensated
–– Open center for fixed displacement pump •• High repeatability
–– Closed center for variable displacement pump •• Low hysteresis
•• Adjustable via stroke limitation
Type
•• Sandwich plate design Pressure relief function
–– Inlet element •• Inlet element:
–– Up to 10 directional valve elements –– Pilot-operated pressure valves with large nominal width
–– Up to 20 directional valves with central inlet element •• Directional valve element / actuator ports
–– End element –– Compact shock valves with feed function
•• Monoblock (single)
LS pressure relief function
–– Inlet element combined with 1 spool axis
–– Up to 9 directional valve elements flangeable •• Adjustable for each actuator port
•• External pressure adjustment for each actuator port
Types of operation possible
•• Mechanical: •• Electro-proportional per section
–– Handle-operated lever
Areas of application
–– Tongue
•• Truck applications •• Construction machines
•• Hydraulic
•• Drilling machinery •• Lifting platforms
•• Servohydraulic
•• Forestry machines •• Heavy load vehicles
•• Electrohydraulic (switching, proportional)
•• Large-size and telescopic •• Ship engineering
•• Electrohydraulic with on-board electronics (EPM2)
forklifts •• Mining applications
•• Municipal vehicles •• Stationary applications
•• Cranes
Function
Control block M4-12 Load pressure compensation

The directional valves are proportional valves according to Pressure changes at the actuators or at the pump are
the load-sensing principle. compensated by the pressure compensator (3). The flow to
Actuator control the actuator remains constant even if the load varies.
The flow direction and magnitude of flow reaching the Flow limitation
actuator ports (A or B) is determined by the main spool (2). The maximum flow can be set mechanically and individually
Pressure reducing valves (9) control the position of the via stroke limitations (6).
main spool (2). The level of electric current at the pressure Pressure relief function
reducing valve determines the level of pilot pressure in the The LS pressure as per actuator port can be adjusted
spring chambers (8) and therefore also the stroke of the internally via the LS pressure relief valves (4) or externally
main spool (P → A; P → B). via the LS ports MA, MB.
The pressure difference at the main spool (2), and Shock valves with combined feed function (5) protect the
consequently the flow to the actuator, is maintained constant actuator ports A and B from pressure peaks.
via the pressure compensator (3).
The highest load pressure is signaled to the pump via the
LS line and the integrated shuttle valves (7).
RE 64276/08.2010 | M4-12 Bosch Rexroth AG 3/64
Cross-section
1 Housing 6.1 A side stroke limitation 9.2 Pressure reducing valve
2 Main spool 6.2 B side stroke limitation (pilot valve “b”)
3 Pressure compensator 7 LS shuttle valve 10 Compression spring
4 LS pressure relief valves 8 Spring chamber 11 Handle-operated lever
5.1 Shock valve with feed function 9.1 Pressure reducing valve 12 Cover A
5.2 Plug screw (pilot valve “a”) 13 Cover B
� ��
� �
��
��
��
� �
��
��
� ��
��
��
��
Symbol
Connections:
� � � ��
P Pump ��
A, B Actuator �
T Tank
X Pilot oil supply
Y Tank, depressurized ��
��
LS Load-sensing (LS)
�
MA, MB External LS ports ��
�
��
� �
� �
Technical data (Please inquire in case the intended use of unit is outside the given values!)
general
Installation position Any
Type of connection Pipe thread according to ISO 228/1
Mass – Inlet element: Closed center J kg 4.3
Open center P kg 6.0
Central inlet element: Closed center JZ kg 8.4
Monoblock kg 5.6
Directional valve element Operation
Mechanical Hydraulic El.-hydraulic with EPM2
kg 4.9 4.2 4.5 4.8
Excess weight of handle-operated lever kg 0.6
End element kg 2.6
Hydraulic fluid and ambient temperature range ϑ °C –20 to +80
Painting Standard painting
hydraulic
max. flow at port P qV max l/min 200 with central inlet element
l/min 150 with lateral inlet element
A, B qV max l/min 140
Nominal pressure pnom bar 350 (400 on inquiry)
max. operating pressure P pmax bar 350 (400 on inquiry)
at port A, B pmax bar 420
LS pmax bar 330
T pmax bar 30, or 20 for purely mechanic model
Y pmax bar Depressurized to the tank
max. pilot pressure at port X pctrl bar 35
a, b pctrl bar 35
Pilot pressure range Hydraulic pctrl bar 8.5 to 22.5
Electrohydraulic pctrl bar 6.5 to 17.2
Required control Δp at the Versions S; C p bar 18
control block
Recommended hydraulic pilot control units Characteristic curve TH 6... , see RE 64552
LS pressure relief function (adjustment ranges) bar 50 to 149; 150 to 330 (selected in the factory)
Hydraulic fluid Mineral oil (HL, HLP) according to DIN 51524, other hydraulic fluids,
such as HEES (synthetic esters) according to VDMA 24568 as well as
hydraulic fluids as specified under RE 90221, on inquiry
Viscosity range ν mm²/s 10 to 380
Maximum permitted degree of contamination of the hydraulic fluid Class 20/18/15, for this we recommend a filter with a minimum reten-
cleanliness class according to ISO 4406 (c) tion rate of β10 ≥ 75
servohydraulic
STDS 0014 See data sheet RE 29617-B2
STDS 0015 See data sheet RE 29616-B2
STDS 0016 See data sheet RE 29618-B2 2)
electrical
Electrical pilot control valves FTWE 2 K...; see RE 58007 1)
FTDRE 2 K...; see RE 58032 1)
Recommended amplifiers RA 1-0/10; 1 axis, see RE 95230
(further control options on inquiry) RA 2-1/10; 4 to 6 axes, see RE 95230
Control units RC see RE 95200
On-board electronics (EPM2) Data from page 61; see also RE 64815-B
1) Plug-in connectors are not included in the scope of supply and
need to be ordered separately, see page 41.
2) Projected
Note!
You can find more information on using the hydraulic
Note! products of Bosch Rexroth in our publication “Hydraulic
The technical data were determined with a viscosity of valves for mobile applications - General information”,
= 32 mm²/s (HLP46: 50 °C). RE 64020-B1.
Modular structure: Control block with lateral inlet element
Control blocks of the series M4-12 have a modular structure. They

can be combined without problems for the specific application.
1. Inlet element 2.4 Operation cover “B”

A: Monoblock inlet (combined with 1 spool axis) A: Mechanical operation “Z”
B: Open center “P” B: Standard cover “–”
C: Closed center “J” C: Mechanical operation “K” with handle-operated
lever
2. Directional valve elements 2.5 Electro-proportional LS pressure relief function
2.1 LS pressure relief function
3. End element
2.2 Secondary valves
A: with LS unloading “LA”
2.3 Operation cover “A”
B: with LS port “LZ”
A: Mechanical operation “A”
C: with two installation bores “LAW…W…”
B: Hydraulic operation “H”
C: Electrohydraulic operation “W”
D: Servohydraulic operation “S”
E: Electrohydraulic operation with on-board
electronics EPM2 “CBA”
2.2 2.4
2. B
A
C
B
A
3.
2.1
E C
D B
C
B A
A 1.
2.3 2.5
Modular structure: Control block with lateral inlet element
1. Central inlet element “JZ” 2.4 Operation cover “B”

2. Directional valve elements A: Mechanical operation “Z”
2.1 LS pressure relief function B: Standard cover “–”
2.2 Secondary valves C: Mechanical operation “K” with
handle-operated lever
2.5 Electro-proportional LS pressure relief function
3. End element
C: Electrohydraulic operation “W” A: Diversion plate “LU”
D: Servohydraulic operation “S” B: with two installation bores “LUW…W…”
E: Electrohydraulic operation with on-board C: with LS unloading “LA”
electronics EPM2 “CBA” D: with LS port “LZ”
E: with two installation bores “LAW…W…”
2.2 2.4
2. B
A
E
D 2.
C
3.
2.1
1.
D B
C
A
B
2.3 A
3.
2.5
Modular structure: Monoblock
1 Monoblock (combining inlet, 1 spool axis and end element) 1.7 Operation cover “B”
1.1 LS pressure relief function A: Mechanical operation “Z”
1.2 Secondary valves B: Standard cover
1.3 Primary pressure relief function C: Mechanical operation “K” with handle-operated lever
1.4 Electro-proportional LS pressure relief function 2 Flangeable directional valve elements
1.5 LS shut-off
C: Electrohydraulic operation “W”
D: Servohydraulic operation “S”
E: Electrohydraulic operation with on-board
electronics EPM2 “CBA”
2.
1.7
1.4
C
1.
A
1.3
1.1 1.2
E 1.5
D
C
1.6 A
Order details
Short code Inlet element Directional valve element
1. Spool axis
M4 12 2X
2. Spool axis
3. Spool axis etc.

Number of directional valves
1 to 20 1)
Nominal size 12 = 12
Unit series 20 to 29 = 2X
(unchanged installation
and connection dimensions) Order details see pages 10 and 11
Closed Open
center center
Sandwich plate design
Lateral =J =P
Central = JZ
Central for M4-12/15 = JK
Monoblock (inlet combined with 1 spool axis) = Standard product range (M4 configurator)
Standard = JM 2) = PM 3)
without primary pressure relief valve =Q 1) max. 10 elements per side, of which a maximum of 6
(not for open center) with servohydraulic operation
2) Installation of further directional valve elements
with primary pressure relief valve =… possible.
(pressure information in bar, 3-digit; not with OC monoblock) Consult Technical Sales.
without primary pressure relief valve =Z 3) Installation of further directional valve elements not
(cannot be retrofitted, only in combination with JZ) possible.

Consult Technical Sales.
Pilot oil supply
with internal pilot oil supply =Y
for external pilot oil supply =X
with LS shut-off (only in combination with J, P) =A
Short code Example for a short code of the M4-12 control block with
Complete control blocks are defined three directional valve elements:
according to type key.
The order text is for detailing the technical M4 – 7654 – 2 0 / 3 M4 – 12 J W2 K V 01 –450
features and requirements.
The order text is used by the Rexroth sales
department to derive a short code as well as Control block No.
a material number. Unit series of the unit
series (2X)
Revision status of the
series
Number of Directional valve
elements
Inlet
Operation A side (prevalent operation)
Operation B side (prevalent operation)
Sealing material
Threaded connection
SO number if any
Order details
End element Additional details
01 *
Further information in the clear text
SO numbers
–038 = Resistant to sea water 4)
–450 = Aluminum free
S = For safety-relevant applications
Supply voltage 24 V Supply voltage 12 V Supply voltage and plug-in connector 6)

1 3 Junior Timer 2-pin (AMP)
8 9 DT04-2P (Deutsch)
01 = Connections as pipe thread acc. to ISO 228/1
V = FKM seals 5)
M = NBR seals (on inquiry)
End element
LA = End element without ports, with internal LS unloading
LAPT = End element LA with additional P and T port
LZ = End element with LS port, without internal LS unloading
LZPT = End element LZ with additional P and T port
LU = End element for use with central inlet element
LAK = End element LA with internal pilot oil supply for servohydraulic operation
LZK = End element LZ with internal pilot oil supply for servohydraulic operation
LA = End element LA with two installation bores
LU = End element LU with two installation bores
Q = Plug screw
W2 = Electrohydraulically proportional
W4 = Electrohydraulically switchable
LA = End element LA with three installation bores

Q = Plug screw
… = Pressure reducing valve (pressure info in bar, 3-digit)
Q = Plug screw
KKDER… = 4/2 way spool valve, according to RE 18136-05 (information in plain text)
LM = Monoblock, no end element
L8 … = Adapter plate for SP-08 directional valve elements, inlet pressure relief function (pressure info in bar, 3-digit)
LC = Adapter plate for Bosch Rexroth Oil Control 4)
= Standard product range (M4 configurator)
4) At request only. Rating by Technical Sales.

5) The block preferably contains FKM, but also NBR seals. Observe
Note!
sealing compatibility of the hydraulic fluid used!
6) Information required only for electrohydraulic operation and Plug-in connectors are not included in the scope of supply
electroproportional pressure relief function. and need to be ordered separately, see also page 40.
Order details for directional valve element
Pressure compensator
with pressure compensator, with load holding function =S
without pressure compensator, with load holding function (not in combination with PM) =C
without pressure compensator, without load holding function =Q
with sensitive pressure compensator, with load holding function =F
with 3-way pressure compensator (only in combination with PM) =D
with pressure compensator, with priority function (only in connection with JM) =V
without pressure compensator bore for change-over axis =Z
LS valve
with LS pressure relief valve
= … …
(pressure information in bar, 3-digit) (no Z possible)
For available combinations, see table on page 45.

with LS pressure relief valve (pressure relief function) plug screw (no Z possible) = Q Q
with only 1 LS pressurerelief valve

= = M …
for same pressure setting in A and B
with LS unloading plug = B B
without LS pressure relief valve

= Z Z
(LS pressure relief valve cannot be retrofitted) (no M possible)
Housing with measuring ports = M
Housing without measuring ports = Z
Housing for change-over axis 1) (possible in combination with ZUZ only) = U
Housing for electroproportional or switchable pressure relief function 2) = K
–210 bar, decreasing characteristic curve 2) = L
–210 bar, rising characteristic curve 2) = J
–350 bar, decreasing characteristic curve 2) = R
–350 bar, rising characteristic curve 2) = N
Spool symbol
E spool =E
J spool =J
Q spool =Q
Spool with regeneration function =R
Plunger cylinder as actuator = P 3)
Float position spool = W 3)
Float position spool = Y 3)
Flow in l/min, 3-digit, e. g. 070-070; actuator ports “A” and “B” =…–…
Spool with pressure function T, only in connection with E, J or Q spool 3) =…T…
1) Rating by Technical Sales.

2) Detailed information in plain text, see data starting on page 29;
see also data sheet RE 18139.
Order details for directional valve element
Further information in the clear text

SO numbers
–011 = One-sided operation, two spool positions
Secondary valves
F = Flange surface 3)
Actuator port “A”
Actuator port “B”
A … = Shock/Feed valve, adjustable

H … = Shock/Feed valve, non-adjustable
Q = Plug screw (secondary valves can be retrofitted)
Z = G 3/4 without secondary valve (cannot be retrofitted)
X = G 1/2 without secondary valve (cannot be retrofitted)
Operation B side cover
— = Standard cover
Position of handle-operated lever without Encapsulated operation
60° 0° –60° Handle-
operated
lever
K L M R Handle-operated lever following
N O P X Handle-operated lever, non-following
see notes on page 42 further versions
purely mechanical operation
Z = Tongue 5)
N = Tongue with lever 3); 5)
Supply voltage 24 V Supply voltage 12 V Supply voltage and plug-in connector 6)

1 3 Junior Timer 2-pin (AMP)
8 9 DT04-2P (Deutsch)
Purely mechanical 5) Operation A side cover

Encapsulated,
Spring Detent in
spring centered
centered 1 2 1, 2
M A B1 B2 B4 Mechanical
H = Hydraulic
S = Servohydraulic 3); 7)
with damping with damping ori- Orifice + check
orifice, both with measuring fice, with measuring valve for hydrau-
Standard sides ports, both sides ports, both sides lic superposition)
W2 W8 G2 Electrohydraulically proportional
W4 W5 W6 W7 G4 Electrohydraulically switchable
Standard with position with measuring ports, Orifice + check
sensor both sides valve, both sides
Electrohydraulic with digital on-Board
CBA CPA 3) CXA CXC electronics (EPM2) 4)

4) Further ordering codes according to operating instructions
RE 64815-B.
The supply includes daisy chain cabling.
5) Not available aluminum-free.
6) Information required only for electrohydraulic operation
Note!
and electroproportional pressure relief function. Plug-in connectors are not included in the scope of supply
7) Not in combination with following handle-operated lever and need to be ordered separately; see also page 40.
Order example closed center with lateral inlet element and change-over axis
Example: •• 3-fold control block Order details:

•• Variable displacement pump
qV max = 150 l/m
Directional valve number, inlet element 3 M4 12 2X J250Y
•• Closed Center with lateral primary
pressure relief valve, set to 250 bar,
internal pilot oil supply
1. Spool axis •• with pressure compensator, with load 1. Spool axis
holding function S ZZZ J 100-100 W2 1 — Z Z
•• without LS pressure relief valve bore
•• Spool symbol J, flow in A and
B 100 l/min
•• Types of operation:
Electrohydraulically proportional
•• Junior Timer 2-pin (AMP) 24 V
•• without secondary valves (cannot be
retrofitted) 2. Spool axis
2. Spool axis •• without pressure compensator, change-
over axis Z ZUZ J 065-090 W4 1 – Z Z
•• Housing for change-over axis
•• Spool symbol J, flow in C
65 l/min, 90 l/min for internal actuators
Electrohydraulically switchable
retrofitted) 3. Spool axis
3. Spool axis •• with pressure compensator, with load
S 180 M Q J 085-085 CBA K H350 H350
holding function
•• with LS pressure relief valve for actuator
port A 180 bar, Actuator port B closed
•• Spool symbol J, flow in A and B 85 l/min
•• Types of operation: Digital OBE
•• Overriding handle-operated lever
(following)
•• Secondary valves: Pressure relief/feed
valves, actuator port A and B 350 bar
(non-adjustable) End element
End element, •• with internal LS unloading, FKM seals, LA V 01
additional pipe thread connections
information
� � ��
� �
� �
�
��
��
��
� � � � � �
� � � � � �
� � � �
��
Order example open center with lateral inlet element

•• Fixed displacement pump qV max = 150 l/min
Directional valve number, inlet element 3 M4 12 2X P300 Y
•• Open Center with lateral primary pressure
relief valve, set to 300 bar
•• Internal pilot oil supply 1. Spool axis
1. Spool axis •• without pressure compensator, with load C 250MB E 050-000 A Z A230 Q
holding function
•• with LS pressure relief valve for actuator port A
250 bar and LS unloading plugs in B
•• Spool symbol E, flow in
A 50 l/min, flow in B 0 l/min, connection closed
•• Types of operation: Mechanical, spring
centered, not encapsulated, with tongue
•• Secondary valves: Adjustable shock/feed valve
for actuator port A 230 bar, secondary valve
bore B closed 2. Spool axis
2. Spool axis •• without pressure compensator, without load Q = M275 E 100-100 H – H100 A230
holding function
•• with 1 LS pressure relief valve for actuator port
A and B 275 bar,
•• Spool symbol E, flow in A and B 100 l/min
•• Types of operation: Hydraulic
•• Secondary valves: Non-adjustable shock/feed
valve for actuator port A 100 bar, adjustable
shock/feed valve for actuator port B 230 bar 3. Spool axis
3. Spool axis •• with pressure compensator, with load holding S ZZZ J 070-070 W7 8 X Z Z
function
•• Types of operation: Electrohydraulically
switchable, with damping orifices, with
measuring ports
•• with DT04-2P plug (Deutsch) 24 V
•• Handle-operated lever cover, not following,
without handle-operated lever
•• without secondary valves (cannot be retrofitted) End element
End element •• without internal LS unloading, with LS port, LZPT V 01
with P and T port FKM seals, pipe thread
connections
� � ��
� �
� �
�
��
��
��
� � � � � �
� � � � � �
� � � �
��
Order example closed center for central inlet with primary valve

•• Fixed displacement pump qV max = 200 l/min
Directional valve number, end element 2 M4 12 2X LU
•• Diversion plate
1. Spool axis •• with pressure compensator, with load
holding function 1. Spool axis
•• without LS pressure relief valves S ZZZ E 100-100 W6 1 K Q Q
(cannot be retrofitted)
•• Spool symbol E, flow in A and
B 100 l/min
•• Types of operation: Electrohydraulically
proportional with measuring ports on both
sides
•• Actuation with handle-operated lever
(following)
•• Secondary valve bores closed Inlet element
Inlet element •• Central Closed Center with primary
JZ 300 Y
pressure relief valve, set to 300 bar
•• with internal pilot oil supply
2. Spool axis •• with pressure compensator, with load 2. Spool axis
holding function S 270L300 E 090-090 CBA K Q Q KBPSL8BA
•• with LS pressure relief valves,
actuator port A 270 bar,
actuator port B 300 bar
•• with electroprop. pressure relief function,
pressure relief function, 210 bar
(decreasing characteristic curve)
•• Spool symbol E, flow in A and B 90 l/min
(following)
•• Secondary valve bores closed End element
End element, •• with internal LS unloading, FKM seals,
additional pipe thread connections LA V 01
information
��
� �
� �
� �
��
��
��
� � � �
� � � �
� � �
��
�
Order example closed center with combined inlet element

•• Fixed displacement pump
qV max = 200 l/min 3 M4 15 2X LU
Directional valve number, end element
•• Diversion plate
1. Spool axis •• with pressure compensator, without load 1. Spool axis
M4-15 holding function T 230MB E 190-000 CBA K Q Q
•• with LS pressure relief valve,
actuator port A 230 bar,
actuator port B unloaded
•• Spool symbol E,
•• Flow in A 190 l/min, flow in B 0 l/min,
connection closed
(following)
•• Secondary valve bores closed Inlet element
Inlet element •• Central inlet element for M4-12/M4-15
•• Primary pressure relief valve, set to JK 280 Y
M4-12/15
280 bar
•• with integrated pilot oil supply 2. Spool axis
2. and 3. •• with pressure compensator, with load
spool axis holding function S 180M120 E 090-090 CBA – Z Z
M4-12 •• with LS pressure relief valves,
actuator port A 180 bar, 3. Spool axis
actuator port B 120 bar S 180M120 E 090-090 CBA – Z Z
•• Spool symbol E
•• Flow in A and B 90 l/min
•• without secondary valve bores End element
End element •• with internal LS unloading, FKM seals, pipe
LA V 01
M4-12 thread connections
��
� � �
� � �
� � �
��
��
��
� � � � � �
� � � � � �
� � �
��
Order example monoblock
Example: •• Single monoblock Order details:

•• Fixed displacement pump
qV max = 130 l/min
Directional valve number, inlet element 1 M4 12 2X PMZ Y
•• Open Center monoblock without primary
pressure relief valve
•• Internal pilot oil supply 1. Spool axis
1. Spool axis •• with 3-way pressure compensator
D = M210 J 085-085 W2 1 Z Z
•• with 1 LS pressure relief valve for actuator
port A and B 210 bar,
Electrohydraulically proportional
retrofitted)
End element
End element •• without end element (monoblock)
•• FKM seals LM V 01
•• Pipe thread connection
� �
�
��
��
� �
� �
�
Inlet elements Closed Center (J) for sandwich plate design
Without primary pressure relief valve,

for external pilot oil supply
Order details:
�
M4 12 2X J Q X
� � � ��
Short description
•• For variable displacement pumps up to 150 l/min

with internal pilot oil supply �
Order details: 30+5 45
bar bar
M4 12 2X J Q Y
Short description �
•• For variable displacement pumps up to 150 l/min � � ��
With primary pressure relief valve,

Order details:
�
M4 12 2X J … X
� � � ��
Short description
•• Pressure information in bar after J ... required
(3-digit)

30+5 45
Order details:
bar bar
M4 12 2X J … Y
•• For variable displacement pumps up to 150 l/min � � ��
•• Pressure information in bar after J ... required (3-digit)
Inlet elements Closed Center (J) for sandwich plate design

Pilot oil supply (Y)
•• Pressure relief function 45 bar � 45
30 +5 bar
•• Pilot pressure max. 30 + 5 bar bar
Attention!
ff In case of internal pilot oil supply, the X connection �
can also be used to lead way pilot oil for other
� � ��
actuators. However, this may affect the switching
times at the M4-12. Consult Technical Sales
regarding possible effects.
ff In case of external pilot oil supply the “X” connection
is not closed in general. It needs to be closed when
not in use (e. g. in case of hydraulic control “H”).
Notes on the dimensioning of pilot oil supply with servohydraulic operation

If servohydraulic operation is used in the control block, please note:
External pilot oil supply:
•• pctrl = 33 +2 bar constant
•• qctrl = 2 l/min per servohydraulic spool axis
•• Required and mandatory for inlet element P
Internal pilot oil supply

•• 6 servohydraulically controlled spool axes maximum possible
•• No pilot oil supply for external actuators
•• p at the inlet element needs to be 40 bar
•• No internal pilot oil supply in the inlet element
With LS shut-off
Order details: �
M4 12 2X J Q Y A
Short description
•• LS line is connected de-energized with the Y line to
the tank �
•• All downstream M4-12 sandwich plates remain in � ��
the load-holding mode
Central inlet elements Closed Center (JZ) for sandwich plate design
for external pilot oil supply �
Order details:
��
M4 12 2X JZ Q X
�
Short description
� �
•• For variable displacement pumps up to 200 l/ ��
min

� ��
with internal pilot oil supply
Order details: ��
M4 12 2X JZ Q Y �
� �
��
Short description
•• For variable displacement pumps up to
200 l/min

Order details:
��
M4 12 2X JZ … X
�
Short description
� �
•• For variable displacement pumps up to ��
200 l/min
•• Pressure information in bar behind JZ...
required (3-digit)

with internal pilot oil supply � ��
Order details:
��
M4 12 2X JZ … Y
�
Short description
� �
•• For variable displacement pumps up to ��
200 l/min
•• Pressure information in bar behind JZ...
required (3-digit)
Central inlet elements Close Center (JZ) for sandwich plate design

with internal pilot oil supply � ��
Order details:
��
M4 12 2X JZ Z Y
�
Short description
� �
•• For variable displacement pumps up to 200 l/min ��
•• Primary pressure relief valve cannot be retrofitted

Order details:
��
M4 12 2X JZ Z X
�
Short description
� �
•• Primary pressure relief valve cannot be retrofitted
Central inlet elements Close Center (JZ) for sandwich plate design
For the connection of direction valve elements of M4-12

sizes 12 and 15
Without primary pressure relief valve, �
Order details: ��
M4 12 2X JK Q X �
� �
Short description ��
•• For variable displacement pumps up to 200 l/min M4-15
For the connection of direction valve elements of M4-12

sizes 12 and 15
Without primary pressure relief valve, � ��
��
Order details:
�
M4 12 2X JK Q Y
� �
��
Short description
•• For variable displacement pumps up to 200 l/min M4-15
M4-12
For the connection of direction valve elements
of sizes 12 and 15 �
for external pilot oil supply ��
Order details: �
M4 12 2X JK … X � �
��
Short description M4-15
•• Pressure information in bar behind JK... required
(3-digit)
For the connection of direction valve elements M4-12

of sizes 12 and 15
With primary pressure relief valve, � ��
��
Order details:
�
M4 12 2X JK … Y
� �
M4-15
•• Pressure information in bar behind JK... required
(3-digit)
Inlet elements: Open Center (P) for sandwich plate design

Order details:
M4 12 2X P … X
�
Short description
� � � ��
•• For fixed displacement pumps up to 150 l/min
•• Pressure information in bar after P ... required
(3-digit)

Order details:
M4 12 2X P … Y
Short description
•• Pressure information in bar after P ... required
(3-digit) �
� � ��
With LS shut-off
Order details: �
M4 12 2X P … Y A
Short description
•• LS line is connected de-energized with the Y line to
the tank
•• All downstream M4-12 sandwich plates remain in
the load-holding mode �
� ��
Inlet elements: Monoblock Closed Center (JM)
Without primary pressure relief valve, with

internal pilot oil supply �
Order details:
M4 12 2X JM Z Y ��
��
S QM… J …–… W2 1 – H… H… �
��
� �
LM V 01
��
� �
Short description
� � ��
��
With priority function, without primary pressure
relief valve, for external pilot oil supply �
Order details:
M4 12 2X JM Z X ��
��
V …M… J …–… W2 1 – H… H… �
��
� �
LM V 01
��
� �
Short description
•• For variable displacement pumps up to 150 l/min �
•• Priority for the integrated M4-12 axis
•• Remaining flow to external actuator
� � � ��
With priority function, without primary pressure � � � ��

relief valve, for external pilot oil supply, for the
connection of further directional valve elements �
Order details:
M4 12 2X JM Z X
��
��
V …M… J …–… W2 1 – H… H… �
��
� �
Short description
� �
•• Priority for the integrated M4-12 axis
•• Remaining flow for flanged-on M4-12 axes
Note!
Please consult Technical Sales. � � � ��
Inlet elements: Monoblock Open Center (PM)

With primary pressure relief valve, with internal
pilot oil supply �
Order details:
M4 12 2X PM Z Y ��
��
D …M… J …–… W2 1 – Q Q �
��
� �
LM V 01
��
� �
Short description
•• Primary pressure relief via pressure compensator
and LS pressure relief valve
�
Note!
Please consult Technical Sales.
� � �
With primary pressure relief valve, for external

pilot oil supply �
Order details:
M4 12 2X PM Z X
�
D = M… J …–… W2 1 – H… H… �
��
� �
LM V 01
��
� �
Short description
•• Primary pressure relief via pressure
compensator and LS pressure relief valve
�
Note!
� � �
Directional valve elements: Pressure compensator

Flow control by pressure compensator Main spool in central position
��
��
� �
��
Flow in L/min →
��
�
��
��
� � � � �
� ��

Pressure difference in bar →
Main spool operated
In the central position of the main spool, there is no
connection from P to the actuator ports A and B. In this � �
operating state, the pressure compensator spool (1)
is moved to the left against the spring (2) by the pump
pressure.
When the main spool (3) is operated (= metering orifice), � �
the LS pressure reaches the spring chamber (4) and moves
the pressure compensator spool to the right into the control
position. The flow is kept constant even in case of parallel
�
operation of actuators with different load pressures.
The pressure compensator “S” boasts a load holding
function. This function is not free of leak oil. �
��
In its standard version it is equipped with one ring (5). The
number of the rings inserted depends on the required flow.
Pressure compensator spool variants ��
� � � � �
Order details Short description Symbol
•• with pressure compensator
S •• with load holding function 1)
•• max. flow 130 l/min
•• without pressure compensator
C •• with load holding function 1)
•• without pressure compensator
Q •• without load holding function
•• with pressure compensator
F •• with load holding function 1)
•• Sensitive for flows up to 20 l/min
D 2) •• with 3-way pressure compensator
V 3) •• with priority function
1) The load holding function is not free of leak oil.

2) only with PM
3) only with JM
Directional valve elements: LS pressure relief function
Characteristic curves
Reduction of the actuator flow through LS pressure
relief function ��
Minimum setting: 50 bar
Maximum setting: 330 bar ��
Flow in % →
��
��
��
� ��

Set value (example)
LS pressure in bar →
� � � ��
With LS pressure relief valve and LS plug
screw �
Order details:
S … M Q J …–… W2 1 – H… H…
��
•• Pressure information in bar for actuator port A �
��
(3-digit)
•• Plug screw for actuation port B
��
•• For the QMQ version, the LS pressure relief � �
function can be retrofitted at the directional valve
element.
•• The LS pressure can be influenced externally
via the ports MA and MB. These ports can also
be used as measuring ports.
With LS pressure relief valve and Unloading plugs � � � ��

Order details: �
S … M B E …–000 W2 1 – H… Q
•• Pressure information in bar for actuator port A ��
(3-digit) �
•• Unloading plug for actuator port B ��
•• e.g. for cylinders with one-sided operation

��
� �
Note!
With only 1 LS pressure relief valve � � � ��

Order details:
�
S =M… J …–… W2 1 – H… H…
Short description
��
•• Only 1 LS pressure relief valve for identical ��
pressure setting in A and B, pressure �
information in bar (3-digit) ��
•• 1 measuring port
��
� �
Without LS pressure relief valves � � � ��

Order details:
�
S ZZZ J …–… W2 1 – H… H…
Short description
•• LS pressure relief valve cannot be retrofitted
•• Housing without measuring ports �
•• Max. flow of internal actuators 90 l/min ��
��
� �
Housing for change-over axis � � � ��

Order details:
Z ZUZ J …–… W4 1 K Z Z
Short description
•• Housing for change-over axis
�
��
� �
��
� �
Electroproportional / hydraulically switchable pressure relief function
Short description � � � ��
Differentiation between: �
1. Type KBPS – electrohydraulically proportional
2. Type MH2DAD and Type KBPS
3. Type KKDE – electrohydraulically switchable
4. Porting pattern KBPS and cover plate �
5. Housing KBPS and plug � �
�
The exact description of the valve is to be clear � �
�
text as follows. �
1. Electroproportional pressure relief valve

Type KBPS
(see also data sheet RE 18139-04; RE 18139-05)
Standard product range:
S …L… J …–… H – H… H… KBPSL8BA

� �
S …J… J …–… H – H… H… KBPSL8AA
S …R… J …–… H – H… H… KBPSR8BA
S …N… J …–… H – H… H… KBPSR8AA KBPS…BA: KBPS…AA:

Decreasing characteristic Rising characteristic curve
curve
Extension program, such as:
S …K… J …–… H – H… H… KBPSH8BA -033
2. Pressure cut-off valve, type MH2DAD, and

electroproportional pressure relief valve,
type KBPS
(see also data sheet RE 64586;
RE 18139-04; RE 18139-05) ��
S …K… J …–… H – H… H… MH2DAD+KBPSH8BA

Pressure control through electroproportional

LS pressure relief function
Pressure in the main connection 1 in bar →
�� Addition
Falling Rising
�� SO no.
� characteristic characteristic
(Option:
�� curve curve
� 24 V; 0.8 A)
�� 50 bar KBPSC8BA KBPSC8AA
�� 100 bar KBPSF8BA KBPSF8AA
� � 150 bar KBPSH8BA KBPSH8AA
��
210 bar KBPSL8BA (2) KBPSL8AA (4)
–033
�� 250 bar KBPSN8BA KBPSN8AA
�� 315 bar KBPSP8BA KBPSP8AA
350 bar KBPSR8BA (1) KBPSR8AA (3)
��
420 bar KBPST8BA KBPST8AA
� �� = Standard product range
Command value in % →
Technical data KBPS (see also RE 18139-04)
electrical standard
Supply voltage V 12 DC 24 DC
Maximum control current mA max. nominal current 1,760 mA max. nominal current 1,200 mA
Coil resistance – Cold value with 20°C Ω 2.3 4.8
– max. hot value Ω 3.65 7.2
Duty cycle % 100 1)
Maximum coil temperature 2) °C 150

Protection type acc. to – Version “K4” IP 65 with plug-in connector mounted and locked
VDE 0470-1 (DIN EN 60529), – Version “C4” IP 66 with plug-in connector mounted and locked
DIN 40050-9
IP 69K with Rexroth plug-in connector (Material No. R901022127)
– Version “K40” IP 69K with plug-in connector mounted and locked
1) If use > 2,000 m via NN, we recommend consulting the 2) Due to the surface temperatures of solenoid coils, the standards
manufacturer. EN 563 and EN 982 must be adhered to!

3. 2/2 way spool valve type KKDE
S …K… J …–… H – H… H… KKDER8PA
De-energized open De-energized closed

KKDER8PA KKDER8NA
KKDE…PA: KKDE…NA:
De-energized open De-energized closed
Technical data KKDE (see also RD 18136-08)
electrical standard
Type of voltage Direct voltage
Supply voltage V 12 DC 24 DC
Voltage tolerance and ambient temperature See characteristic curve RE 18136-08 page 5
Power consumption Ω 22
Duty cycle % See characteristic curve RE 18136-08 page 5
Maximum coil temperature 2) °C 150
Switching time according to – ON ms ≤ 80
ISO 6403 (solenoid horizontal) – OFF ms ≤ 150
Maximum switching frequency cy/h 15,000
Protection type acc. to VDE – Version “K4” IP 65 with plug-in connector mounted and locked
0470-1 (DIN EN 60529), – Version “C4” IP 66 with plug-in connector mounted and locked
DIN 40050-9
IP 69K with Rexroth plug-in connector (material no. R901022127)
– Version “K40” IP 69K with plug-in connector mounted and locked
1) Ifuse > 2000 m via NN, we recommend consulting the

At the electrical connection “K4”, the protective earth
manufacturer.
2) Due to the surface temperatures of the solenoid coils, the European conductor (PE ) must be connected correctly.
standards EN 563 and EN 982 must be adhered to!
Note!
Consumer pressure does not become depressurized!
4. Porting pattern KBPS and cover plate
S …K… J …–… H – H… H… A
Cover plate
5. Housing KBPS and plug
S …K… J …–… H – H… H… Q Plug

Directional valve elements: Main spool

Main spool variants
Order details Main use Symbol
Flow information in l/min
� ��
E…–… Hydro cylinder as actuator
� ��
� ��
J…–… Hydro motors as actuator
� ��
� ��
Application with defined residual opening
Q…–… (A/B → T)
Actuator port unloaded in neutral position
� ��
� ��
Regeneration function
R…–…
(P, B → A)
� ��
� ��
W…–… Float position
� ��
� ��
Y…–… Float position
� ��
� ��
P…–… Plunger cylinder as actuator
� ��
� ��
(E, J, Q) … T … Spool with pressure function
� ��
Directional valve elements: Main spool
Spool characteristic curves (symmetric spools)
P → A/B
��
�
��
�
��
Nominal flow →
�
Flow in l/min
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
�
��
�� (24 V actuation)
electrohydraulic
operation (12 V actuation)
��
hydraulic Current in amperes →
operation
� ��
��
Pilot pressure in bar →
digital on-board
electronics (EPM2)
��
� ��
Command value in digits (steps) →
servohydraulic
operation
� � ��
(at pctrl = 35 bar) �
Current in milliamperes →
Directional valve elements: Flow

Symmetric spools
Pressure
Spool type compen Flow in l/min (spool characteristic curve see page 32)
sator
130–130 (1) 100–100 073–073 052–052 034–034 023–023 014–014 007–007
S 120–120 (2) 085–085 (4) 065–065 (5) 045–045 (6) 030–030 (7) 020–020 (8) 012–012 (9) 006–006 (10)
E, J, Q
100–100 (3) 070–070 057–057 038–038 026–026 017–017 010–010 005–005
C 140–140 115–115 090–090 063–063 042–042 028–028 017–017 008–008
Asymmetric spools
Pressure
Spool type compen Flow in l/min
sator
100–073 100–052 052–034 034–023 023–014
S 085–065 085–045 045–030 030–020 020–012
E, J, Q
070–057 070–038 038–026 026–017 017–010
C 115–090 115–063 063–042 042–028 028–017
Float position, regeneration and plunger spools

Pressure
Spool type compen Nominal flow in l/min (more on inquiry)
sator
W S 030–030
Y S 030–030
R S 130–101 085–030 065–025
P S 140–000
(1)… (10) Notes on spool characteristic curve, page 32.
Note!
Example: Solution:
•• Spool type J → 85 liter spool + 2 washers = 100 l/min
•• Pressure compensator S → Set 90 liters via stroke limitation.
•• Command value: QActuator = 90 l/min
Pressure
Spool type Flow in l/min
compensator
100–100
E, J, Q S 085–085
070–070
Flow without washer (pressure compensator Δp = 4 to 7 bar)

Flow with 1 washer (pressure compensator Δp = 6 to 9.5 bar)
Volume flow with 2 washers (pressure compensator Δp = 8.5 to 11.5 bar)
Note!
Position directional valve elements with maximum flow as
close as possible to the inlet element.
Directional valve elements: Types of operation cover A – mechanical
Purely mechanical (non-encapsulated) with � � � ��

tongue
Order details: �
S ZZZ J …–… A Z Z Z
��
•• Mechanical operation of the main spool. In case �
of non-operation centering in central position by � �
springs
� �
Purely mechanical (non-encapsulated) with � � � ��

handle-operated lever and detent
�
Order details:
S …M… J …–… B1 N H… H…
��
Short description
��
•• Mechanical operation of the main spool. In case �
of non-operation centering in central position by � �
springs
� �
Note!
Handle-operated lever setting, please consult
Technical Sales.
Mechanical (encapsulated) � � � ��
Order details: �
S …M… J …–… M K H… H…
•• Mechanical operation of the main spool. In case ��
of non-operation centering in central position by � ��
springs � �
•• All handle-operated lever position options are
��
available (K, L, M etc.) comp. also type key on
� �
page 11
��
1) Following handle-operated lever
2) Non-following handle-operated lever
��
Directional valve elements: Types of operation Cover A – hydraulic
Hydraulic � � � ��
Order details:
�
S …M… J …–… H – H… H…
Short description
��
•• Recommended hydraulic pilot control units: ��
Type TH6 according to RE 64555 �
� �
�
� �
�
Directional valve elements: Types of operation Cover A – servohydraulic
Servohydraulic � � � ��
Order details:
�
S ZZZ J …–… S – Q Q
Short description
•• Voltage: 7 VDC min.
•• Current type: Direct current �
•• Nominal current: ±20 mA � �
•• Max. current: ±25 mA
� �
STDS 0014; see RE 29617-B2
STDS 0015; see RE 29616-B2
STDS 0016; see RE 29618-B2
Note!
Rating by Technical Sales.
Directional valve elements: Types of operation Cover A – electrohydraulically switchable
Electrohydraulically switchable � � � ��
Order details: �
S …M… J …–… W4 1 – H… H…
•• Switching valves, type FTWE 2 K according to ��
RE 58007 �
��
� �
��
� �
� � � ��
Electrohydraulically switchable with damping
orifice on both sides �
Order details:
S …M… J …–… W5 3 – H… H…
��
�
� �
RE 58007
��
� �
� � � ��
Electrohydraulically switchable with
measuring ports on both sides �
Order details:
S …M… J …–… W6 3 – H… H…
��
� ��
•• Switching valves, type FTWE 2 K according to � �
RE 58007 ��
��
� �
��
Directional valve elements: Types of operation Cover A – electrohydraulically switchable
Electrohydraulically switchable with damping � � ��

orifice, with measuring ports on both sides
�
Order details:
S …M… J …–… W7 1 – H… H…
��
Short description � ��
RE 58007 ��
��
��
� �
� � � ��
Electrohydraulically switchable with orifice
and check valve for hydraulic override �
Order details:
S …M… J …–… G4 3 – H… H…
��
� ��
Short description
��
•• Switching valves, type FTWE 2 K according to � �
RE 58007 �
��
� �
Technical data FTWE 2K (see also RE 58007)
electrical
Nominal voltage V 12 24
Power consumption at 20 ℃ W 14.4 14.4
Coil resistance R20 Ω 10 40
Duty cycle % 100
Switching time ton ms ≤ 20
toff ms ≤ 30
Protection type according to •• – Solenoid IP 69K
DIN 40050-9 •• – Electrical C4 IP 69K 1)
connection K40 IP 69K 1)
Switching frequency Hz 5
1) Recommended plug-in connector see page 40.

Directional valve elements: Types of operation Cover A – electrohydraulically proportional

Electrohydraulically proportional with handle- � � � ��
operated lever (encapsulated)
�
Order details:
S …M… J …–… W2 1 K H… H…
��
•• Proportional pressure reducing valve � ��
Type FTDRE 2 K according to RE 58032 ��
Safety notes! ��

� �
ff Following handle-operated lever 1):
Electrohydraulic operation can be overruled by
mechanical operation. The handle-operated
lever is connected directly with the main spool
and follows the spool movement in case of
electrohydraulic control. ��
ff Non-following handle-operated lever 2):
The handle-operated lever is connected with

the main spool via a coupling. When the
main spool is in central position, the handle-
operated lever can be detented. Thus, it does
not follow the movement of the spool in case of
electrohydraulic operation.
Electrohydraulically proportional with � � � ��
measuring ports on both sides �
Order details:
S …M… J …–… W8 9 – H… H…
��
•• Proportional pressure reducing valve, �
��
type FTDRE 2 K according to RE 58032 � �
��
��
� �
��
� � � ��
Electrohydraulically proportional with
damping orifice and check valve �
Order details:
S …M… J …–… G2 1 – H… H…
��
Short description � ��
•• Proportional pressure reducing valve, ��

type FTDRE 2 K according to RE 58032 �
��
� �
Directional valve elements: Types of operation Cover A – electrohydraulically proportional
Technical data FTDRE 2K (see also RE 58032)
electrical
Nominal voltage of the amplifier V 12 24
Maximum control current A 1.8 0.8
Coil resistance (20 ℃) Ω 2.4 12
Duty cycle (with amplifier) % 100
Electrical connection See ordering codes
Protection type according to – Solenoid IP 69K
DIN 40050-9 – Electrical connection C4 IP 69K 1)
K40 IP 69K 1)
PWM frequency (recommended) 1) Hz 150
1) ThePWM frequency is to be optimized depending on the individual application.

In this regard, the operating temperature must be taken into account.
Recommended plug-in connector see page 40.
Directional valve elements: Types of operation Cover A – on-board electronics
Electronic pilot module � � � ��

Order details: �
S …M… J …–… CBA – H… H…
•• Digital interface, standard ��
see RE 64815-B �
��
��
� �
� � � ��
Electronic pilot module with position sensor
�
Order details:
S …M… J …–… CPA – Q Q
��
•• Digital interface with position sensor, �
see RE 64815-B ��
��
Note! � �
At request only. Rating by Technical Sales.
Directional valve elements: Types of operation cover A – on-board electronics

All control blocks with EPM2 are supplied with mounted Open plug for Daisy chain Plug with final
daisy chain cabling and final resistance plug. The final connection to the resistance
resistance is mounted to the last sandwich plate of the machine electronics
block.
Recommended cable for connection to the machine electronics:
Material number: R917c02724
End
Inlet element
element
� � � �
� � �
� � �
Directional valve elements: Voltage supply and plugs
Plug type
Supply voltage Junior Timer DT04-2P
2-pin (AMP) (Deutsch)
24 V 1 8
12 V 3 9
This information is required only in case of electrohydraulic

operation and / or electroproportional pressure relief
function.
Recommended plug-in connector for connector type

Junior Timer 2-pin (AMP)
Plug-in connector for FTDRE… and FTWE… protection type
IP 69K Recommended plug-in connector for Junior Timer 2-pin
(AMP)
Material number: R900313533
For a litz wire cross-section of 0.5 to 1 mm² and for an
insulation diameter of the individual seals of 1.2 to 2.1 mm
Material number: R901022127
For a litz wire cross-section of 0.5 to 1 mm² and for an
insulation diameter of the individual seals of 2.2 to 3 mm
Note!
Plug-in connectors are not included in the scope of supply
and must be ordered separately.
Directional valve elements: Types of operation cover B
Mechanical - Non-encapsulated operation (purely mechanical)
Spring centered + Tongue

Spring centered + Tongue
with lever
AZ AN
Detent + Tongue Detent + Tongue with lever
B1 Z B1 N B1 = Detent in 1
��
B2 Z B2 N � B2 = Detent in 2
� � �
B4 Z B4 N � � B4 = Detent in 1, 2
Operating force:
•• Tongue < 250 N (spool axis)
Note!
Handle-operated lever setting, please consult Technical
Sales.
Directional valve elements: Types of operation cover B

Mechanical - encapsulated operation
Standard lever Clamping piece with lever Lever screwing at the

(example: lever screwing in Pos. 2) clamping piece
60˚ = K, N
60˚ = B, G
30˚ = B1, G1 1
0˚ = L, O 0˚ = F, H
2
-30˚ = D1, J1 3
-60˚ = D, J
-60˚ = M, P
Bottom, Bottom, without

Top, 60° Top, 30° Straight, 0°
–30° –60° lever
Standard – Following K L M R
– Non-following N O P X
Clamping – Following B 1 B1 1 F 1 D1 1 D 1
piece with B 2 B1 2 F 2 D1 2 D 2
lever B 3 B1 3 F 3 D1 3 D 3
– Non-following G 1 G1 1 H 1 J1 1 J 1
G 2 G1 2 H 2 J1 2 J 2
G 3 G1 3 H 3 J1 3 J 3
Clamping – Following T T1 U V1 V
piece – Non-following
Q Q1 S C1 C
without lever
Operating force (at the handle-operated lever):

•• Mechanical < 20 N
•• Hydraulic, handle-operated lever override < 70 N
•• Electrohydraulic, handle-operated lever override < 50 N
Further handle-operated lever options (aluminum-free) on inquiry.
= Standard product range

Directional valve elements: Secondary valves
Shock/feed valve, non-adjustable

Order details: � � � ��
�
S …M… J …–… W2 1 – H100 H150
Short description
•• Non-adjustable shock/feed valve ��
•• Pressure information in bar behind H ... required ��
(3-digit) �
��
Example: H100, H150
H100: Shock/feed valve, set to 100 bar for actuator port A ��
� �
H150: Shock/feed valve, set to 150 bar for actuator port B
Note!
Suitable only to reduce pressure peaks, not to be
used as pressure relief valve!
Preferred pressure settings for shock valves with feed function
Pressure setting in bar in the actuator ports A and B

H050 = 50 bar H140 = 140 bar H210 = 210 bar H280 = 280 bar
H125 = 125 bar H190 = 190 bar
Note!
Shock valves have a fixed setting!
Shock/Feed valves, adjustable � � � ��

Order details: �
S …M… J …–… W2 1 – Q A…
Short description
��
•• Adjustable shock/feed valve ��
•• Pressure information in bar behind A ... required �
(3-digit) ��
Example: QA200 ��

Q: Plug screw for actuator side A � �
A200: Shock/feed valve, set to 200 bar for actuator

port B
The directional valve is ready for retroactive fitting of

secondary valves.
Adjustable pressure levels in bar in the actuator ports

A and B
Note!
10 – 70 201 – 270
Suitable only to reduce pressure peaks, not to be
71 – 120 271 – 320
used as pressure relief valve!
121 – 200 321 – 380
Directional valve elements: Secondary valves
Without secondary valves � � � ��

Order details:
�
S …M… J …–… W2 1 – Z Z
Short description
��
•• Secondary valves cannot be retrofitted
��
•• Actuator port G 3/4 �
��
Order details:
��
S …M… J …–… W2 1 – X X � �
Short description
•• Actuator port G 1/2
Without secondary valves, with flange � � � ��

surface
Order details:
S … M … J …–… W2 1 – F F … …
�
��
•• Information on the flange valves in clear text ��
� ��
Note! � �
Dimensioning of the flanged installation housing
with screwable valves by Technical Sales.
Directional valve elements: Housing options that can be ordered
With Without Without Flange surface

secondary secondary secondary
valve option valve options valve options
(can be (cannot be (cannot be
retrofitted) retrofitted) retrofitted)
G 1/2 G 3/4
G 1/2
Q, A…, H… XX ZZ FF
Without LS pressure relief valves
(LS pressure relief valve cannot be
retrofitted)
ZZZ • • •
Without LS pressure relief valves, for
change-over axis (LS pressure relief valve
cannot be retrofitted)
ZUZ •
With only 1 LS pressure relief valve for same
• •
Standard
=M…
pressure setting in A and B
With 2 LS pressure relief valves

(pressure info in bar, 3-digit)
…M… • • • •
With LS pressure relief valves
Housing for electroproportional or switchable
…K… • •
pressure relief function
Without LS pressure relief valves
(LS pressure relief valve cannot be
retrofitted)
ZZZ • •
With only 1 LS pressure relief valve for same
=M…
pressure setting in A and B
Mechanical
With 2 LS pressure relief valves

…M… • • •
With LS pressure relief valves
…K…
Housing for electroproportional or switchable
pressure relief function
End elements
End element with LS unloading
Order details:
LA ��
End element with LS port ��

Order details:
LZ
��
Short description
•• LS unloading must be ensured externally
End element LA with additional P and T port � �

Order details:
LAPT
��
End element LZ with additional P and T port � ��

Order details:
LZPT
Short description
•• LS unloading must be ensured externally
End element LA with two installation bores for ��

FTDRE, FTWE
Consult Technical Sales for use of units!
Order details:
LA W4 W2
Short description
•• For 30 bar control pressure. ��
End element LA with three installation bores for ��

pressure reducing valve, KKDER...
Order details:
LA … KKDER… … KKDER… Q Q
•• Max. 40 l/min per working port
•• See also RE 18136-05
� � � ��
End element to be combined with central inlet element

End element for use with central inlet element ��
Order details:
M4 12 2X LU
End element LU with installation bores for FTDRE,

FTWE
Order details:
M4 12 2X LU Q W4
Short description:
��
•• For 30 bar control pressure
End elements – adapter plate
Adapter plate for SP-08 directional valve elements SP-08

Order details:
L8 210
Short description:
•• With integrated 2-way pressure compensator
•• With LS pressure relief valve, set to 210 bar
•• Type key for flange-mounted SP-08 sandwich plates
according to RE 64139 � � � ��
M4-12
•• Maximum 7 directional valve elements permitted
Adapter plate for ED valves from BROC

Use only on inquiry!
Order details:
LC
Short description:
•• Type key for flange-mounted ED valves according to
RIE 00159
Attention!
Rating by Technical Sales.
Dimensions: Line connections
Inlet element lateral Closed center P G 3/4

T G 3/4
LS G 1/4
X, Y G 1/4
M G 1/4
Open center P G 3/4
T G1
LS G 1/4
X, Y G 1/4
M G 1/4
Inlet element central Closed center P G1
T G1
LS G 1/4
X, Y G 1/4
MP G 1/4
Directional valve element with secondary valves A G 1/2
B
without secondary valves A G 3/4
(option Z) B
without secondary valves A G 1/2
(option X) B
a G 1/4
b
MA G 1/4
MB
Ma G 1/8
Mb
Change-over axis C G 3/4
End element P G 1/2
T G 1/2
LS G 1/4
LSZ G 1/4
X, Y G 1/4
C1, C2 … C6 G 1/4
For LAPT, LZPT P, T G 3/4
P = Pump M, MP = Pump measuring port

A, B = Actuator MA, MB = LS pressure measuring ports
a, b = Pilot line Ma, Mb = Pilot pressure measuring ports
T = Tank C = External actuators
X = Pilot oil supply C1, C2 … C6 = Additional actuators
Y = Tank, depressurized
LS = Load-sensing (LS)
LSZ = LS - feed Fastening screws M10
according to EN ISO 4762 or EN ISO 4014:
Property class: 8.8 10.9
Connections according to ISO 1179-1 Fastening torque: 41 ± 2 Nm 60 ± 3 Nm
Dimensions: Inlet elements
Lateral inlet element J...Y Lateral inlet element P...Y

��
��
��
��
��
��
��
deep ��
deep
��
�
�
��
��
�
��
�
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
�
��
��
�
��
�
�
��
��
Central inlet element JZ Central inlet element JK
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
deep ��
��
��
deep
��
�
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
�
��
��
� �
��
��
� ��
��
��
�
��
��
�
��
��
� ��
��
��
��
Dimensions: Single monoblock
Standard monoblock Closed Center JM as inlet element with 1 axis; more directional valve elements flangeable
47
27
103
125 36,5
T
Y
20,5
93
LS
68
63
P
52
37,5
29
16,5
15 89
18 107,5
44,5
72
78,5
94
50
15,5
37
88
94
17,5
168
Dimensions: Single monoblock
Standard monoblock Open Center PM
43
95
125
124
119
98.5
87.5
72
33
19
15 40
18 67
72 114.5
78.5
94
50
41
98
Dimensions: Directional valve elements

Housing with secondary valve bore, Housing without secondary valve bore, Housing for change-over axis
actuator port G1/2 actuator port G3/4 actuator port G3/4
Order details: actuator port G1/2
Order details:
Order details:
… A… A… … … ZUZ … Z Z …
… Z Z …
… H… H… …
… X X …
… Q Q …
��
��
��
��
� � �
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
� �
��
� ��
��
��
��
��
��
Dimensions: Operation
Purely mechanical operation with Purely mechanical operation with tongue and lever
tongue
Order details:
Order details:
… B1 N …
… A Z …
Cover A Cover B Cover A Cover B
Ø8
280
8
X 41.5
52
X 128
Dimensions: Operation
Mechanical / hydraulic operation with Cover A Cover B
standard cover
Order details:
… M – …
86.5
63
39
… H – …
64 56.5
Cover A Cover B
Electrohydraulic operation
Order details: "b"
… W. …
86.5
"a"
63
39
108
Electronic pilot module EPM2 169

with handle-operated lever
Cover A Cover B
Order details:
… C.A K …
230
60
152
135 86
46
Dimensions: End elements
Order details: Order details:
LA LZ
103 103
15 25 25
15
M10 M10
125 125
114.5 114.5
30 67 30 67
15 46.5 15 46.5
114
114
83.5
83.5
63
63
27
LSZ
17
15
15
LAPT LZPT
103 103
25 25
15
15
M10 M10
125 125
114.5 114.5
50 67 50 67
15 46.5 15 46.5
T T
114
114
P P
83.5
83.5
63
63
35
35
27
LSZ
87 37 87
15
15
Dimensions: End elements
LU LU … …
103
123.5
25
45.5
20
20
M10
106 M10
47
12.5 18 28
8 16 17.5
33
33
T
50
64
C2
63
17
77
114
93.5
90
96
83.5
114
C1
83.5
P
46.5 35
67 24
15
15
67
87.5 35
114.5
135
125
145
Order details: 123.5

45.5
LA … …
20
M10
105
77
47
17.5 27 18
33
33
C2 T
50
64
64
75
88
84
93.5
C1
114
LSz
83.5
P1
Y1
35 67
15
87.5
135
150
Dimensions: Control block Closed Center with lateral inlet element

(according to the order example of page 12, dimensions in mm)
429
230
"b"
152
Y LS
X
86.5
"a"
63
44.5
54
40
39
27
P
13
38.5
65
89
135 125 86
4 98
83.5 9
8 49
114
5.2 8
46 30
18
B2
28
A2
C 6.2
23
239
46
47
B1 3
23
46 4
A1 6.1
5.1 7
50
28
T M
46 114 4
2
4
108 48 56.5
85
114.5
15
67
46.5
83.5
1 Type plate
2 Inlet element J...Y
“Closed Center”
103 3 Directional valve elements
25 4 End element LA
12
5.1 Control cover W (side A) for

electrohydraulic operation
10 5.2 Control cover CBA (side A)
with electronic pilot module
M (EPM2)
34
6.1 Control cover standard (side

MA
B)
33
MB
6.2 Control cover K (side B)
7 Stroke limitation
19
15
8 Secondary valves
25
30 9 Tie rod
72 10 Fastening screw thread
103 4 x M10; 15 deep
Dimensions: Control block Open Center with lateral inlet element

1
"b"
X M
86.5 "a"
51.5
63
LS
50
39
25
35 79
108 45
91.5
132
317 114 34
125 86 86.5
98 56.5
9 83.5
39
52 27
4 49
6.3
13
46 41.5 LSZ
50
5.3 T
B3
A
46
5.2 A3
6.2 7
A B
23
B2
46
257
"a" "b"
5.1
A2
3
A B
13.5
B1
6.1
46
A1
8
B
Ø8
26
43
Y
65
T
P
2 50 45 7 4
64 91.5 48 92
114.5 114 31.5
15
87
35
83.5
46.5 P
1 Type plate
67 2 Inlet element P...Y
“Open Center”
3 Directional valve elements
103
30 4 End element LZPT
25 5.1 Control cover A (side A) for
19 mechanical operation
5.2 Control cover H (side A) for
12
hydraulic operation
10
5.3 Control cover W (side A) for
6.1 Purely mechanical operation
33
with tongue (side B)

6.2 Control cover standard (side B)
30
13
20
Control cover X (side B)
7 Stroke limitation
8 Secondary valves
9 Tie rod
15
25 10 Fastening screw thread

103 4 x M10; 15 deep
Dimensions: Control block Closed Center with central inlet element

"b"
86.5
83.5
"a"
63
39
15
46.5
9 67
114.5
125
137
125
10 83.5 4 114
49 6
6.2 8.5 3
18
28
46 30
B2
15
A2
1
27
X
P
30
7
53
65
65
270
80
MP
T LS
2
Y
B1
A
35 46
A1
B
6.1 3 8
108 28.5 4 7
67.5
90.5
5 25
43
125 93
135 125 170 114
97 114.5 86
46.5
15
52.5
83.5
1 Type plate
˚
152
60
2 Central inlet element JZ

“Closed Center”
230
67 3 Directional valve elements

137 4 End element LA
103 5 Diversion plate LU
25 6.1 Control cover W (side A) for
20
8.5 electrohydraulic operation

11
6.2 Control cover CBA (side A)
with electronic pilot module
(EPM2)
34.5
25
7 Control cover K (side B)

8 Stroke limitation
112.5
9 Electroproportional pressure
relief valve, type KBPS
10 Tie rod
15
11 Fastening screw thread

25
4 x M10; 15 deep
103
Dimensions: Control block Closed Center with combined inlet element

236
157.5
135 133
440
98
46
8 25 78 114
4.1
15
9
46 30
3.2
23
A3 B3
6.2
7
46
1 A2 B2
12
44
T
30
2 118
40
45
76
344
90
63
MP 75 LS
20
40
P X
22
51
A1 B1
25.5
3.1 5 6.1
50
35
4.2
18 20 25
106 48.5 40
85 47
93.5 130
28
48 1 Type plate
113 2 Central inlet element JK...
141 “Closed Center”
125 64 3.1 Directional valve element M4-15
3.2 Directional valve element M4-12
4.1 End element LA
63
4.2 Diversion plate LU

5 Control cover CBA (side A) with
electronic pilot module (EPM2)
6.1 Control cover K (side B)
6.2 Control cover standard (side B)
7 Stroke limitation
8 Tie rod
4 x M10; 15 deep
Dimensions: Monoblock Open Center

43
2 95
125
4
T 5
124
Y
98.5
72
P 33
3
15
18
1
72
78.5
94
50
41
A B
98
6
144.5
105.4 67
40
11
19
43
87.5
67
1 Type plate
90.5
119
2 Housing PM
3 Control cover W (side A) for
4 Control cover K (side B)
5 Stroke limitation
294.5
4 x M10; 20 deep
On-board electronics: Electronic pilot module (EPM)

Function
The electronic pilot module controls the flow at the control
block M4-12 by means of an analog or digital electrical
signal.
An analog (voltage or PWM signal) or digital (CAN bus)
input signal is converted by the pilot module into a pilot
pressure via two electrohydraulic pressure reducing valves.
In case of an analog input signal, each pilot module is
connected individually to the control electronics of the
machine.
In case of CAN bus actuation, it is possible to loop the
electrical connection to the next pilot module via a second
plug-in connection (daisy chain cabling). The complete valve
control block is then connected to the control of the machine
via the 4-pin plug of the first pilot module.
The electrical connection is realized via a 4-pin plug of type
Bosch Kompakt 1.
It is also possible to connect further CAN bus stations at the
output to the last pilot module (see also RE 64815‑B).
M4-12 with EPM2
Features
Time functions (ramp functions), the form and gradient of
characteristic curves can be parameterized and changed •• Processor-independent watchdog
directly during the operating cycle via the CAN bus. •• Time ramps can be selected separately for valve outputs
A and B, Open and Close (only for CAN, fixed parameter
Various diagnosis functions allow to monitor the fault-free
for analog module)
operation of the pilot module.
•• Modifiable characteristic curve from linear to progressive
•• The following elements are monitored in the basic version: form separately for A and B (only CAN, fixed parameter
•• Correct reception of a valid command value signal for analog module)
•• Stability of the connection with the command value •• Linear reduction of the curve, modifiable in operation, and
encoder therefore also linear reduction of the total flow (CAN only,
•• Adherence to the defined limits of supply voltage fixed parameter for analog module)
•• Function of the pilot valves (short circuit, cable break) •• Selectable time ramps for shutdown in case of error (only
for analog module)
Malfunctions are indicated in the form of an error code •• Selectable monitoring limits for operating voltage
(flashing code) via an LED that can be seen from the parameterizable via CAN bus
outside.
•• Protection type according to EN 60529 IP 69K
With the analog module, there is a relay output available as (only with connected Bosch Kompakt plug-in connectors)
error indicator. •• Comprehensive options for customized parameterization
With the CAN bus variant, the error code is transferred to by Rexroth in the factory
the control in the status telegram of the pilot module and can
then be analyzed by the control: Options
•• Reduced cabling effort with CAN wiring through daisy •• Position sensor
chain •• with measuring port
•• Controlled output stages with superimposed dither
Electronic pilot module – parameterization specifications
You can find the form for the parameterization specifications in the data sheet RE 64815-02.
Its purpose is to set the electronic pilot module according to the requirements of the client on delivery.
Electronic pilot module: Pin assignment
Pin assignment at the Bosch Kompakt plug-in Pin assignment at the CAN plug-in connector
connector Connection via Bosch Kompakt plug coding 1.
The second Bosch Kompakt plug, coding 2, can be used in
conjunction with CAN control to establish a connection to the
next module or to another CAN station.
Note!
Connecting cables and plugs are not included in the scope
of supply and must be ordered separately (see also page
63).
�� Coding 2 �� Attention!

(gray plug-in connector) ff Please observe the safety notes of the operating
instructions RE 64815-B at all times.
ff Bosch Rexroth warrants the correct functioning of
� � � � � � � �
the unit as described in the operating instructions
RE 64815-B. With this unit, Bosch Rexroth declines any
� �� warranty for the safe operation of the machine or plant of
�� which this unit is a part.
��
��
� � � � � � � �
Coding 1
(black plug-in
connector)
Electronic pilot module: Accessories
Material number Type Description Length

Daisy chain cable
R917c02581 Cable For the connection of two pilot modules (standard) 190 mm
R917c02599 Cable For the connection of two pilot modules 240 mm
R917c02628 Cable For the connection of two pilot modules via central inlet 370 mm
Special cable
R9017c05332 Cable with two plug-in connectors, coding 1 (black) 90°
R917c05333 Cable with two plug-in connectors, coding 2 (gray) 90°
Connecting cable
R917c02724 Cable with one plug-in connector, coding 1 (black) 4,000 mm

R917c04484 Cable with one plug-in connector, coding 2 (gray) 4,000 mm
Plug-in connectors and plug-in connector kits

Plug-in
R917c05459 connector Coding 1 (black), dummy plug
R917c02627 Plug-in Coding 2 (gray), dummy plug
connector
Plug-in
R917c05458 connector Coding 1 (black), dummy plug with integrated final resistance
R917c04605 Plug-in Coding 2 (gray), dummy plug with integrated final resistance
connector
Plug-in
R900785606 connector Bosch Kompakt coding 1 (black)
kit
Plug-in
R900785607 connector Bosch Kompakt coding 2 (gray)
kit
Notes
Bosch Rexroth AG © This document, as well as the data, specifications and other
Hydraulics information set forth in it, are the exclusive property of Bosch Rexroth
Zum Eisengießer 1 AG. It may not be reproduced or given to third parties without its
97816 Lohr am Main, Germany consent.
Phone +49 (0) 93 52 / 18-0 The data specified above only serve to describe the product. No
Fax +49 (0) 93 52 / 18-23 58 statements concerning a certain condition or suitability for a certain
info.brm-mc@boschrexroth.de application can be derived from our information. The information given
www.boschrexroth.de does not release the user from the obligation of own judgment and
verification. It must be remembered that our products are subject to a
natural process of wear and aging.
Hydraulic pilot control unit of sandwich RE 64 552/05.06 1/8
Replaces: 05.03
plate design for the remote control of
directional valves, pumps, motors
Type 2TH6
Series 1X
Contents Features
Functional description, section 2 – Progressive, sensitive control
Symbol hydraulic 3 – Precise and play-free control characteristics
Technical data 3 – Low actuation force at the lever
Ordering details 4 – Rust-free plunger
Characteristics curves 5 Further remote controls and pilot control units:
Unit dimensions 6 to 7 – Hydraulic remote control
Contact location within the plugs 8 • Pilot control unit type 2 TH 6 R, pedal version (see
RE 64551)
• Pilot control unit types 4 TH 6, 4 TH 5, 4TH 6 N, for arm rest
installation (see RE 64555)
• Pilot control device type TH 7, for instrument panel installati-
on or in pedal design (see RE 64558)
• Pilot control device with end position locking type 4/5 THF 6
(see RE 64553) or type 4/6 THF 5 (see RE 64557)
– Electronic pilot control device
• Electronic remote control device type THE6 for direct
controlling of electrical or electro-hydraulical pilot operated
actuators (see RE 29771)
• Electronic pilot control device type THE5 (see RE 29881)
– B2 TH 6 (see picture opposite)
• Recommended for use with a single 2 TH 6 control axis
• This pilot control unit cannot be flanged on
2/8 Bosch Rexroth AG Type 2 TH6 | RE 64 552/05.06
Functional description, section
1
10
9
7 11
Holding
solenoid
6
3
13
8 �
4 12
�
2
�
� �
Hydraulic operating principle position of the control lever (1).

Hydraulic pilot control units of the type 2TH6 operate on the This pressure control as a function of the control lever (1)
basis of direct operated pressure reducing valves. position and the characteristics of the control spring (3)
Pilot control units of the type 2TH6 basically comprise of a enables the proportional hydraulic control of directional valves
control lever (1), two pressure reducing valves and a housing and high response control valves for hydraulic pumps and
(6). motors.
Each pressure reducing valve consists of a control spool (2), a A rubber gaiter (9) protects the mechanical parts in the
control spring (3), a return spring (4) and a plunger (5). housing against contamination and ensures that the 2TH6 pilot
control units can also be used for the arduous applications.
In the non-actuated condition, the control lever is held in the
neutral position by the return spring (4). The control ports (1,2) Electro-magnetic lock
are connected to tank port T via a drilling (8). End position locking is only provided for the control
When the control lever (1) is deflected, the plunger (5) is connections which require that the control lever is held in the
pressed against the return spring (4) and the control spring deflected position.
(3). The control spring (3) initially moves the control spool (2) An additional spring (12), which is fitted below an additional
downwards and closes the connection between the relevant plate (13) warns, by means of an increased force, which is
port and tank port T. At the same time, the relevant port is required for compressing this spring, that the plunger (5) and
connected to port P via the drilling (8). The control phase starts the control lever (1) have almost reached the end position.
as soon as the control spool (2) finds its balance between the
When this threshold is overcome, a ring (10) contacts the
force from the control spring (3) and the force resulting from
solenoid (11); if the solenoid is energised, then control lever (1)
the hydraulic pressure in the relevant ports (ports 1, 2).
is held in its end position by magnetic force.
As a result of the interaction of the control spool (2) and
Unlocking can performed automatically when the solenoid
the control spring (3) the pressure in the relevant ports is
current is switched off.
proportional to the stroke of the plunger (5) and thus to the
RE 64 552/05.06 | Type 2 TH6 Bosch Rexroth AG 3/8
Symbol, hydraulic
Variants without electrical detent: L, M, P, T, N Variants with electrical detent: G, H, J
T P T P
1 2 1 2
Technical data, mechanical (for applications outside these parameters, please consult us!)
Inlet pressure bar up to 50
Back pressure at port T bar up to 3
Control fluid flow (P to 1 - 2) l/min up to 16
Hysterises bar up to 1
Pressure fluid
1)
suitable for NBR seals mineral oil (HL, HLP) to DIN 51524 1)
2)
suitable for FKM seals phosphate ester (HFD-R) 2)
Pressure fluid temperature range °C – 20 to + 80
Viscosity range mm /s
2
10 to 380
Degree of pressure fluid contamination Maximum permissible degree of contamination of the pressure
fluid is to NAS 1638 class 9. We, therefore, recommend a
filter with a minimum retention rate of ß10 ≥ 75
Max. permissible operating torque at lever Nm 10 in operation
Nm 80 for an exceptional, one time loading
Weight (dependent on the actuating element) kg 1.2 to 1.8
Technical data, electrical (for applications outside these parameters, please consult us!)
E-contact technical data for actuator N
• Switching capacity
- DC 1 A - 30 V 250 000 cycles
- AC 0.3 A - 250 V 250 000 cycles
0.6 A - 125 V 250 000 cycles
• Max. start contact resistance mW 50
• Min. isolation resistance at 500 V DC MW 1 000
• Dielectric strength 1 000 V eff. 50 Hz min. between outputs
1 500 V eff. 50 Hz min. between outputs and mass
Solenoid supply voltage V 24 (20 to 27) / DC
Power consumption of each solenoid 8.5 W at 24 V
Application guidelines (this list is not intended to be considered as complete)

– Do not direct the jet of a pressure washing unit directly at the unit.
– The electrical cable must be kept free of any mechanical forces.
– During operation protection via the rubber boot must be ensured.
Safety guidelines (this list is not intended to be considered as complete)

– Only one function control must be allocated to an E-contact.
– The circuit functions are to be so designed that uncontrolled machine movements, caused by the application, are prevented and
that it is possible to switch from one function to another.
– Take into account all of the application limits, particulary those application limits stated within this catalogue sheet.
Ordering details
Pilot control unit with N flangeable control axis Example
1st control axis
3-2 TH 6 L06-1X
- 2 TH 6 -1X / M70
2nd control axis L06 M01
N = number of control axes 1 to 6
3rd control axis
4th control axis
5th control axis
Further details in clear text

6th control axis
*
Pilot control unit with 1 control Example

axis, not flangeable B 2 TH 6 -1X/ *
B 2 TH 6 L06-1X/M01
Example
Control axis, separate 2 TH 6 -1X/ *
2 TH 6 L06-1X/M01
Connection threads
01 = G 1/4 pipe thread to
Actuator type standard ISO 228/1
1 lever without detent =L 05 = 9/16 UNF-2 B connections
1 lever with detent in 3 positions =M to standard ISO 11926
1 lever held in any position by a friction Seals
coupling =P M= NBR seals
1 lever with detent in 3 positions and held V = FKM seals
! Attention!
in any position by a friction coupling =T
The compatibility of the seals and
1 lever with E-contact =N pressure fluid has to be taken into
1 lever with electrical detent in position 1 =G account
1 lever with electrical detent in position 2 =H Plug (voir page 8)
1 lever with electrical detent in both positions =J 5= DEUTSCH sealed plug IP 67
for wiring the solenoid on a 2 TH 6 G/H/J
Enter the identification number of the control curve that is 6= Plug AMP MAT-N-LOK
required (see page 5) for wiring the solenoid on a 2 TH 6 G/H/J
7= DEUTSCH sealed plug IP 67
Series 10 à 19 = 1X for wiring the solenoids on a 2 TH 6 N
(10 to 19 : unchanged installation and connection dimensions)) 8= Plug AMP MAT-N-LOK
for wiring the solenoids on a 2 TH 6 N
No code = Without plug
Drillings for connections P and T: connection possibilities (seen from above)
3-2 TH 6 L06-1X/ 1-2 TH 6 L06-1X/M01 B 2 TH 6 L06-1X/M01 2 TH 6 L06-1X/M01/
M70
L06 M01
� � � � � �
P and T P and T P and T P and T
� � � � � �
Characteristic curves: control ranges, actuation moments

06 Control curve, identification no. 06
This curve is used for the pilot control of the SM12, SM18, M1 control blocks
� Inlet
Control pressure in bar
pressure Inter-section point A B C D

��
Lever deflection 3° 18° 21° 25°
� Actuation moment 0.8 / 2.7 3.8
for actuator L in N.m (p = 35 bar)
�� Actuation moment 0.8 1.8 3.2 4.3
�
for actuators G, H, J in N.m (p=35 bar)
Lever deflection
B = resistance point before changeover to inlet pressure

This curve is used for the pilot control of the SX14, SX18 control blocks
� Inlet

��
� Lever deflection 3° 18° 21° 25°
Actuation moment 0.8 / 2.7 3.8
� �� Actuation moment 0.8 3.2 3.6 4.3
�
Lever deflection B = resistance point before changeover to inlet pressure

This curve is used for the pilot control of the SP12 control blocks
� Inlet

�� Lever deflection 3° 18° 21° 25°
� Actuation moment 1 / 2.9 3.8
� �� Actuation moment 1 3.1 3.4 4.3
�
B = resistance point before changeover to inlet pressure
Lever deflection
97 Control curve, identification no. 97 (only for actuators L, M, P, N and T)

This curve is used for the pilot control of the M7 control blocks
Inlet
pressure
�� Inter-section point A C
Lever deflection 3° 25°
Actuation moment 0.8 3.3
for actuator L in N.m
� ��
�
Lever deflection
The actuation moments stated are theoritical values which do not take into account the rubber boot resistance.
Unit dimensions (Dimensions in mm)

2 TH6 L 06-1X/M01
1-2 TH6 L 06-1X/M01 120
M 100
P 78
T 32 counter bore Ø 27
N
16 16
2 holes Ø 9.5 1 2
39
50 60
Ø18 25°
1 25° 2
56
42
Ø10
Ø12
301
120
8,5
5
2
T
T 2 holes Ø 8.3
94
2 holes M8 x 1 *
62
P 2 counter bores Ø 20.4±0.1

49
37
P
1 2 deep 1±0.1
31 31 32
for version 2 TH 6 the threads are open

* for version 1-2 TH 6 the threads are closed
the version 2 TH6 N has other dimensions for the lever and bush
B2 TH6 (upper part is identical with the above depicted 2 TH 6 or 1-2 TH 6) counter bore
120 ports 01= Ø 25
100 ports 05= Ø 26
16 16
2 holes Ø 9.5 1 2
upper part
50 60
2
5
T
T
101
94
2 counter bores
ports 01= Ø 25
62
P P ports 05= Ø 26
37
1 2 deep 1.5 maxi

16 16
32 39 39
1 pressurisation of control port 1 78
2 pressurisation of control port 2
Unit dimensions (Dimensions in mm)

3-2 TH6 H06-1X/H06 L06 M01 1 pressurisation of control port 1
G G
2 pressurisation of control port 2
J J
120 3 1st control axis (H06)
100
4 2nd control axis (H06)
5 3rd control axis (L06)
16 16
1 2 6 O-rings: 17.5 x 1.5 (2 off per contact surface)
7 plug factory fitted
1 2
16 16
2 holes Ø 9.5 1 2
50 60
156
5 4 3
25°
25°
1 2
301
8,5
5
T
T
101
P
62
P 2 counter bores Ø 20.4±0.1

37
1 2 deep 1±0.1 7
16 16
39 39 6
78 114
Installation guidelines
– Mounting flange area: Flatness = 0.5 mm
– Screw head imensions = Ø13 mm
– Tightening torque for the flange fixing screws = Max. 10 Nm
– Tightening torque for the pipe connections = Max. 30 Nm
Electrical contact symbol for version 2 TH 6 N

grey yellow
Contact location within the plugs for wiring the 2 TH 6 N

DEUTSCH sealed plug IP 67 (ordering code = 7) Plug AMP MAT-N-LOK (ordering code = 8)
View F View F
DEUTSCH cover DT 04 - 2P - CE 04 AMP cover 350778 - 1
Contact location within the plugs for wiring the solenoids of the
electro-magnetic lock 2 TH 6 G / H / J
DEUTSCH sealed plug IP 67 (ordering code = 5)
lock connection no.1

View F DEUTSCH cover DT 04 - 6P - CE 04
Plug AMP MAT-N-LOK (ordering code = 6)
View F
lock connection no.1 AMP cover 350781 - 1

Bosch Rexroth AG Bosch Rexroth DSI S.A.S. © This document, as well as the data, specifications and other information set forth
Hydraulics BP 101 in it, are the exclusive property of Bosch Rexroth AG. It may not be reproduced or
Produktsegment 91, bd Irène Joliot-Curie given to third parties without its consent.
Axialkolbenmaschinen 69634 Vénissieux Cedex, France The data specified above only serve to describe the product. No statements
Werk Elchingen Tel. +33 (0) 4 78 78 52 52 concerning a certain condition or suitability for a certain application can be derived
Glockeraustraße 2 Fax. +33 (0) 4 78 78 52 26 from our information. The information given does not release the user from the
obligation of own judgment and verification. It must be remembered that our
89275 Elchingen, Germany www.boschrexroth.fr
products are subject to a natural process of wear and ageing.
Tel. +49 (0) 73 08 82-0
Fax. +49 (0) 73 08 72 74 Subject to revision.
info.brm-ak@boschrexroth.de
www.boschrexroth.com/brm
Hydraulic pilot control units for RE 64 555/04.06 1/12
armrest installation Replaces: 05.05
Type 4TH5, 4TH6, 4TH6N
Series 1X
Contents Special features

Functional description, section, symbol 2 – Progressive, sensitive operation.
Technical data 3 – Low actuation forces.
Ordering details 4 – Low force deviations when lever is actuated
(4TH5, 4TH6N).
Unit dimensions 5
– Several ergonomic grips with various E contacts.
Characteristic curves 6 and 7
– All connections point downwards.
Variations of ergonomic grip EC2000 8
Contact location within the plugs for wiring grip
EC2000 9
Guidelines 10
2/12 Bosch Rexroth AG Type 4TH5, 4TH6, 4TH6N | RE 64 555/04.06
Functional description, section, symbol

Design Function
The 4TH6, 4TH6N and 4TH5 pilot control units basically com- When not actuated the control lever is held in zero position
prise of a control lever (5), four pressure adjustment valves and by the four return springs (8). The control ports (1, 2, 3, 4) are
a housing (10). connected to the tank port T via the drilling (11).
Each pressure adjustment valve comprises of a control spool With deflection of the control lever (5) the plunger (9) pushes
(6), a control spring (7), a return spring (8) and a plunger (9). against the return spring (8) and the control spring (7). The
control spring (7) firstly moves the control spool (6) down-
General wards and closes the connection between the appropriate
The design of the 4TH6N and 4TH5 versions differs from that port and tank port T. At the same time the appropriate port is
of the 4TH6. Thereby the force‘s deviations, which are felt connected to the port P via the drilling (11). The control phase
when the lever is deflected, are reduced. begins as soon as the control spool (6) has found its balance
between the force of the control spring (7) and the force which
As the 4TH5 is smaller and lighter, it is normally used for appli-
results from the hydraulic pressure in the appropriate port
cations in compact machines.
(ports 1, 2, 3 or 4).
Through the interaction of control spool (6) and control spring
Hydraulic symbol (7) the pressure in the appropriate ports is proportional to the
stroke of the plunger (9) and thus the position of the control
� � lever (5).
A rubber boot (12) protects the mechanical components of the
housing from contamination.
Ports
P Supply
T Tank
� � � � 1, 2, 3, 4 Control ports
4TH6 4TH5
4TH6N
12
7
10 10
11
6
RE 64 555/04.06 | Type 4TH5, 4TH6, 4TH6N Bosch Rexroth AG 3/12
Technical data (for applications outside these parameters, please consult us!)
Mechanical
4TH6, 4TH6N 4TH5
Inlet pressure bar up to 50 up to 35
Back pressure at port T bar up to 3
Pilot oil flow (P to 1 - 2 - 3 - 4) l/mn up to 16 up to 13
Pressure fluid
1)
suitable for NBR seals mineral oil (HL, HLP) to DIN 51524 1)
2)
suitable for FPM seals phosphate ester (HFD-R) 2)
Pressure fluid temperature range °C -20 to +80
Viscosity range mm /s
2
10 to 380
Degree of pressure fluid contamination to NAS 1638 class 9. We, therefore, recommend a filter with a
minimum retention rate of ß10 ≥ 75
Max. permissible operating torque at lever Nm 10 during operation
Nm 80 with an exceptional, one time loading
Weight kg approx. 2,6 approx. 1,9
Electrical
Technical data for the grips switch EC2000
• Switching capacity
– minimal current resistive load 100mA at 12VDC or 24VDC
– maximal current resistive load 5A at 12VDC or 24VDC
• Microswitch lifetime
– resistive load at 12VDC 100 to 500mA 5 millions cycles
5A 300000 cycles
– resistive load at 24VDC 100 to 500mA 3 millions cycles
5A 150000 cycles
– inductive load L/R=5ms at 12VDC or 24VDC 1,25A 200000 cycles
• Maximal contact resistance m Ω 20
• Switching on/off with low loads
– minimum voltage V 12
– minimum current strength mA 100
• E-contact type high current
Grip protection IP65
Switching guidelines for DC voltages to ensure the service life of the electrical switch, we
recommend the use of free-wheeling diodes that are switched
parallel to the inductivity.
Ordering details
4 TH 5
— 1X / *
Operating force deviations 4 TH 6
For 4 TH 5 :
– Reduced no code
For 4 TH 6 :
– Conventional no code
– Reduced =N
Grip range
Ergonomic EC2000 =E
Ergonomic EC4000 =H
Ergonomic EC2000+ =I
Ergonomic EC1000 = J1)
Customer's no code
Without grip =Z
Control curve (see pages 6 and 7) 4TH6 4TH6N 4TH5

Curve 06 • • • 06
Curve 20 • 20
Curve 70 • • • 70
Curve 97 • • 97
Curve 106 • • 106
Different control curve: state identification No. •
Series 10 to 19 (10 to 19: unchanged installation and connection dimensions) = 1X
Type of ergonomic grip

Grip type E (see page 8) = TT, ST, VT, YT, YU
Grip type H, I or J1) see datasheet RE 64547
Without grip no code
Grip orientation (see page 5) 4TH6 4TH6N 4TH5

Lever straight, grip in the direction of control port 3 • • 03
Lever curved 15° in the direction of control port 4. Grip in the direction of control port 3 • • • 43
Lever curved 15° in the direction of control port 2. Grip in the direction of control port 3 • • • 23
Plugs (see page 9) 4TH6 4TH6N 4TH5

DEUTSCH sealed plug IP 67 for wiring the grip • • • 5
Plug AMP MAT-N-LOK for wiring the grip • • 6
Without plug no code • • •
Seals type 4TH6 4TH6N 4TH5

NBR seals ! Attention! the compatibility of the seals and • • • M
FPM seals pressure fluid has to be taken into account • • V
Connection threads 4TH6 4TH6N 4TH5

Pipe thread to standard ISO 228/1 G 1/4 • • • 01
Metric connections to standard ISO 9974 M 14 x 1,5 • 02
Connections to standard JIS 2351 • • 04
UNF connections to standard ISO 11926 9/16 UNF-2B • • • 05
Further details in clear text
1)
handle EC1000 for 4TH6 and 4TH6N only.
Unit dimensions (dimensions in mm)

Type designation of the pilot control units shown: Type designation of the pilot control unit shown:
4 TH 6 E XX - 1X / - - 43 - - - 4 TH 5 I XX - 1X / - - 23 - - -
4 TH 6 N E XX - 1X / - - 43 - - -
Fixing bolts Fixing bolts
2 1 2 2 1
1 2 1
Cable length : 300

Cable length : 300
Unit dimension Y in function of the grip type :

1 Lever deflection when actuating 1 actuator. type of grip 4TH6, 4TH6N 4TH5
2 Lever deflection when simultaneously actuating EC1000 236
2 actuators.
EC2000 207 207,5
EC2000+ 215 216,5
EC4000 251 248,5
Orientation of the pilot control units at the driver‘s seat (viewed from above)
Pilot control unit left hand Pilot control unit right hand
4 TH 5 E XX - 1X / - - 43 - - - 4 TH 5 E XX - 1X / - - 23 - - -
4 TH 6 E XX - 1X / - - 43 - - - 4 TH 6 E XX - 1X / - - 23 - - -
4 TH 6 N E XX - 1X / - - 43 - - - 4 TH 6 N E XX - 1X / - - 23 - - -
3 3
2 4 2 P 4
1 T 1 T
P
Characteristic curves : control ranges, actuation moments

06 Control curve, identification No. 06 Inlet pressure

This curve is used for the pilot control of the
SM12, SM18, M1, M6 control blocks
Lever deflection in °
1)
4TH5 control pressure in bar : 5,9 maxi - 19 mini (1 actuator – 2 actuators)
4TH6 4TH6N 4TH5
No. of actuated actuators 1 2 1 2 1 2
A 0,72 1,43 0,68 1,35 0,68 1,35
Operating torque in Nm B 1,99 3,99 1,46 2,92 1,45 2,90
C 2,93* 5,86* 2,10 4,19 2,08 4,16 *p = 35 bar
�

SX12, SX14, SX18 control blocks ��
� ��
� ��

(1 actuator – 2 actuators)
4TH6 4TH6N 4TH5
No. of actuated actuators 1 2 1 2 1 2
A 0,73 1,45 0,68 1,37 0,69 1,37
Operating torque in Nm B 2,33 4,67 1,69 3,39 1,69 3,39
C 2,93* 5,86* 2,10 4,19 2,08 4,16 *p = 35 bar
�

SM12 control blocks �
(application example : mini excavator) ��
� ��
� ��

4TH6 4TH5
No. of actuated actuators 1 2 1 2
A 0,72 1,44 0,68 1,36
Operating torque in Nm B 2,17 4,34 1,58 3,15
C 2,93* 5,86* 2,08 4,16 *p = 35 bar
The operating torques stated are theoritical values which do not take into account the rubber boot resistance.
Characteristic curves : control ranges, actuation moments

�

SP12 control blocks �
��
� ��
� ��

4TH6
No. of actuated actuators 1 2
A 0,83 1,65
Operating torque in Nm B 2,21 4,42
C 2,93* 5,86* *p = 35 bar

This curve is used for the pilot control of the M7,

M4 control blocks �
��
� ��
� ��
4TH6 4TH6N
No. of actuated actuators 1 2 1 2
A 0,72 1,44 0,68 1,36
Operating torque in Nm
C 2,45* 4,91* 1,77 3,53 *p = 35 bar
The operating torques stated are theoritical values which do not take into account the rubber boot resistance.
Variations of ergonomic grip EC2000

TT
– without E-contact
ST yellow
– single E-contact on
top
green
VT
black grey
– double E-contact
with rocker switch
red blue
YT
yellow black grey
with rocker switch
top
green red blue
YU
yellow black grey white
with rocker switch
top
– single E-contact to
the front green red blue brown
Contact location within the plugs for wiring grip EC2000

DEUTSCH sealed plug IP 67 Plug AMP MAT-N-LOCK
(ordering detail = 5) (ordering detail = 6)
Grip ST Grip ST
� �
� � �
View F View F
cover DEUTSCH DT 04 - 2P - CE 04 cover AMP 350778 - 1
Grip VT or YT Grip VT or YT
�
�
� � � � �
� �
� � �
� �
View F View F
Identifica- Identifica-
wire Ergonomic grip type wire Ergonomic grip type
tion in the tion in the
colour colour
plug VT YT plug VT YT
1 red X X 1 grey X X
2 black X X 2 black X X
3 grey X X 3 red X X
4 blue X X 4 blue X X
5 yellow X 5 yellow X
6 green X 6 green X
Grip YU Grip YU
�
�
� � �
� � � �
� � � �
� � �
� � �
View F View F
Identifica- identifica- Identifica- identifica-

wire wire wire wire
tion in the tion in the tion in the tion in the
colour colour colour colour
plug plug plug plug
1 red 5 yellow 1 grey 5 yellow
2 black 6 green 2 black 6 green
3 grey 7 white 3 red 7 white
4 blue 8 brown 4 blue 8 brown
Application guidelines (these guidelines are not intended to be considered as complete)

– Do not direct the jet of a pressure washing unit directly at the unit.
– The electrical cable must be kept free of any mechanical forces.
– During operation protection via the rubber boot must be ensured.
– Only use the unit with its original grip and lever.
– Ensure that the inertia data of the original grip are not exceeded.
– Replace worn push buttons, so that the integrity of the EC2000 grip is ensured.
Safety guidelines (these guidelines are not intended to be considered as complete)

– Only one function control must be allocated to an E-contact.
– The circuit functions are to be so designed that uncontrolled machine movements caused by the application are prevented and
that it is possible to switch from one function to another.
– Take into account all of the application limits, particularly those application limits stated within this catalogue sheet.
– Preparation for assembly and testing on the machine: The various checks must include all the functions of the pilot control
device.
Installation guidelines 4TH6, 4TH6N, 4TH5

– Mounting flange area: Flatness = 0.5 mm
– Screw head dimensions = Ø 10 mm
– Tightening torque for the flange fixing screws = Max. 10 Nm
– Tightening torque for the pipe connections = Max. 30 Nm
Installation hole 4 TH 5 D Ø7
100 x 100
85
Ø
Fixing bolts
– Nominal diameter / fixing via 4 screws
D = 92 to 100 mm or 100 to 108 mm
Installation hole 4 TH 6
Ø 108 Ø7
100 x 100
96
Ø
Fixing bolts
– Ø 108 = Nominal diameter / fixing via 4 screws

Notes
Notes
Bosch Rexroth AG Bosch Rexroth DSI S.A.S. © This document, as well as the data, specifications and other information set forth
Hydraulics BP 101 in it, are the exclusive property of Bosch Rexroth AG. It may not be reproduced or
Produktsegment 91, bd Irène Joliot-Curie given to third parties without its consent.
Axialkolbenmaschinen 69634 Vénissieux Cedex, France The data specified above only serve to describe the product. No statements
Werk Elchingen Tel. +33 (0) 4 78 78 52 52 concerning a certain condition or suitability for a certain application can be derived
Glockeraustraße 2 Fax. +33 (0) 4 78 78 52 26 from our information. The information given does not release the user from the
obligation of own judgment and verification. It must be remembered that our
89275 Elchingen, Germany www.boschrexroth.fr
products are subject to a natural process of wear and ageing.
Tel. +49 (0) 73 08 82-0
Fax. +49 (0) 73 08 72 74 Subject to revision.
info.brm-ak@boschrexroth.de
www.boschrexroth.com/brm
Bosch Rexroth AG
Drive & Control Academy
Bahnhofplatz 2
97070 Würzburg
Phone: +49 (0)9352/18-1041
Fax: +49 (0)9352/18-6882
Email: academy@boschrexroth.de
www.boschrexroth.com/academy
© This document, as well as the data,

specifications and other information set
forth in it, are the exclusive property of Bo-
sch Rexroth AG. It may not be reproduced
or given to third parties without its consent.
The data specified above only serve to
describe the product. No statements con-
cerning a certain condition or suitability for
a certain application can be derived from
our information. The information given does
not release the user from the obligation of
own judgment and verification. It must be
remembered that our products are subject
to a natural process of wear and aging.
Printed in Germany
RE 09970/03.11 Replaces: 05.08
Mat. no. R961005147

Load Sensing Control 2M4-12

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Load Sensing Control 2M4-12

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Electric Drives Linear Motion and

and Controls Hydraulics Assembly Technologies Pneumatics Service

Project manual RE 09970/03.11

Project / trainer information

History of mobile hydraulics

Fig. 0-1: Rope excavator 1928 in operation

Fig. 0-3: Harvester in forestry operation

Knowledge transfer by means of project works

Logically set-up project works are to help the trainee:

Possible auxiliary questions: a) What is to be done?

Planning means theoretical preparation and anticipation of a concrete execution. In detail,

Possible auxiliary questions: a) How to proceed?

Possible auxiliary question: a) Have I chosen the correct order?

Possible auxiliary questions: a) Has the control been mounted professionally?

The signal words/symbols have the following meaning:

• Warning sign (warning triangle) → Draws attention to the hazard

Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which will certainly result in

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could

Indicates a potentially dangerous situation which can could result in

Non-compliance with this information may result in deterioration in the

In case of improper works at hydraulic components and systems, there is a risk

When using competitive products, the safety instructions prescribed by the

Basics of mobile hydraulics

Mobile hydraulics are used in mobile machines.

In mobile hydraulics, the two basic principles of hydraulic are used:

The velocity is checked by adjusting the pump and the motor.

Fig. 0-4: Closed hydraulic circuit

Fig. 0-5: Open hydraulic circuit

Fig. 0-6: Crawler excavator

Load sensing (LS), load pressure signal

pL1 10 bar pL2 100 bar

Load pressure ΔpLS = pP – pLS

Control spring = 10 bar

This is to be clarified by an example:

In order to show the energy differences, 3 systems are compared:

A Fixed displacement pump with throttle (constant delivery system)

The power calculation results in:

Drive power: PDrive = 200 bar • 100 l/min / 600 = 33 kW

Effective power: PEffective = 50 bar • 25 l/min / 600 = 2 kW

Power loss DB: PLoss 1 = 200 bar • 75 l/min / 600 = 25 kW

Power loss throttle: PLoss 2 = (200 bar – 50 bar) • 25 l/min / 600 = 6 kW

B Pressure-controlled pump with throttle (constant pressure system)

Drive power: PDrive = 200 bar • 25 l/min / 600 = 8 kW

Effective power: PEffective = 50 bar • 25 l/min / 600 = 2 kW

Power loss throttle: PLoss 2 = (200 bar – 50 bar) • 25 l/min / 600 = 6 kW

C Displacement-controlled pump with throttle (load sensing system)

Drive power: PDrive = (50 bar + 10 bar) • 25 l/min / 600 = 2.5 kW

Effective power: PEffective = 50 bar • 25 l/min / 600 = 2.1 kW

Principle of the load sensing system

A Constant pressure system

B Load sensing system

Load 0 20 – 10 = 10 bar 42 l/min

Load pressure Δp2 = ΔpL2

Δp2 = ΔpLS = pP – pL2

pp pL1 pL2 Δp1 Δp2 q1 q2

Fig. 0-11: Table

The following graphic shows a system with individual pressure compensators.

Control spring (4)

Fig. 0-12: Pressure compensator

The individual load pressure compensation is effected by means of pressure compensa-

pL1 = 20 bar pL2 = 100 bar

ΔpV1 = 10 bar ΔpV2 = 10 bar

ΔpDW = 90 bar ΔpDW = 10 bar

pP = 120 bar pP = 120 bar

Load 0 20 – 10 = 10 bar 42 l/min

Example Both actuator valve openings are opened for 100 l/min.

• The pump is a displacement-controlled vane pump V7 (1). Components