Name:_____________________ Date:________

Regents Physics Mr. Morgante

UNIT 2B
Kinematics – One
Dimentional Motion
 Motion in One Dimension
Motion is Relative  Earth is moving at 100,000 km/hr orbital speed. Looks or feels
like barely moving from our perspective.

Frames of Reference: We must specify which frame of reference we’re using when
describing the motion of a body.

1. In most cases, it will be the Earth itself.

2. When the body moves in a straight line.
a. Choose any point on the line as a reference point.

In kinematics and dynamics we will discuss two kinds of quantities (measurements):

scalar: scalars have magnitude (a number value), but no direction
e.g. time, mass, distance. Mass is a great example, since it has a
number value (like 58 kg), but we don’t give it a direction (like “down”).
vector: have magnitude and direction
e.g. velocity, force, displacement. Force has a number value (like
37 N) and a direction (like “pushed to the left”).

In kinematics we need to be able to have a way to describe the motion of the objects we
will be studying, whether it’s a car or an atom.
The most basic information you need to describe the motion of an object is…
1. position
2. time

Speed and Velocity

Speed Velocity

Quality Scalar Vector speed and direction

Units m/s, km/hr, cm/s 300 km/hr North, 5 m/s East

Symbols V, V V
Average

Acceleration

Def: The rate at which an objects speed is changing. The Symbol is a.

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Units: m/s2 = meters/ seconds x seconds

Acceleration Deceleration

Increasing speed Decreasing Speed

Sign (+) Sign (-)

+a -a

*Note: acceleration can be both (+) and (-)

Straight Line Motion

origin

.
-V +V

Average Speed and Instantaneous Speed

Average Speed det. Instantaneous speed

over interval of time. –Speed determined from moment to moment

ex: Wash. H.S. student Ex. Speedometer reading on I-87 at any time
pulling out of parking lot
“sick”

Uniform and Accelerated Motion

Demo
Uniform Motion Accelerated Motion

Speed and direction remained the same; At rest

CONSTANT VELOCITY V0 = 0
Vi = 0 Speed
increases

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Important Note:
Accelerated Motion
*Definition: Motion with changing velocity *

3 cases that relate to vectors which include both magnitude & direction

1. Object changes direction in circular fashion (important when we do centripetal

motion) or straight line with a sudden change in direction as shown below.

2. Object changes speed (this is magnitude)

- accelerating speeding up to go through a yellow light

3. Object changes direction and speed

Units of “sick” Acceleration

Average speed and Instant Speed (continuous)

*distance = average speed x time

Units: d = v ∙ t
Meters  meters ∙ sec = meters
sec

Constant speed in a straight line

d=v∙t

Uniformly Accelerated Motion

Simplest case: body moves in a straight line w/ constant acceleration. Speeds up (+)
direction, slows down (-) direction.

Galileo: showed that a body speeds up as it falls with an acceleration of 9.8 m/ s2

Gravitational pull produces acceleration

Denoted by the letter g (little g)

If a body is thrown upward, gravity (g) reduces speed.

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Relating Acceleration, Speed and Time

Body moving in straight line, constant acceleration.

eq.  a = V – V0 OR Vf -Vi Vi= initial speed (sometimes you will see Vo)
t t Vf= final speed
Solving for V fields

V=Vi + a∙t uniform acceleration

Average Speed& Distance Traveled During Constant Acceleration

_
V= Vi +V
_ 2
V= Vi∙t(Vi+a∙t) = 2Vi+at = Vi+ ½ a∙t
2 2
_
V= Vi + ½ at
_ _
d=V∙t, OR t∙V= Vi∙t + ½ a∙t2

d= Vi∙t + ½ a∙t2

These are several formulas that are very useful when the acceleration is uniform.
 Do not use these equations if the acceleration is changing!
 These formulas are based on combinations of the basic velocity and
acceleration formulas combined.

Formula 1
A common problem is to figure out the velocity of an object after it has been accelerating
for a certain time.
 You can take the basic acceleration formula and just solve it for final velocity
to get…
vf = vi + a∙t
Example: I’m driving my Mustang at 61km/h when I notice that there is a school zone
ahead. If I slam on the brakes for 6.7s and experience acceleration of 1.5m/s2, will I be
under the 30km/h posted speed limit?
 First, change the initial velocity into m/s…
vi = 61km/h = 16.9444444m/s  Remember to keep all these extra digits
on your calculator, but keep track of the actual sig digs.
 Keep in mind that since I was slowing down, the acceleration is negative.
 Now use the formula. This one is so common, you don’t even need to show
how you manipulated it if you remembered it.

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 vf = vi + a∙t
= 17m/s + (-1.5m/s2)(6.7s)
= 6.894m/s = 24.81 km/h = 25 km/h

 Yep, I slowed down enough. Notice that I kept track of sig figs and changed it
over to km/h at the end.

Formula 2
We will also do problems where we need to calculate the displacement of an accelerating
object after a time interval has passed and we know its initial velocity.
d = vi ∙t + ½ a∙t2
 Be careful with this formula. Only the time is squared in the last term, not
acceleration and time.
 As a bonus, a lot of the time vi will be zero, which cancels out the first term
and leaves you with…
d = ½ a∙t2

Example: Occasionally the US Air Force calls

me in to test fly their “birds”. A few weeks back I
was flying along in my F-22 at 97m/s when I
decide to kick in the afterburners for 12.3s. If the
afterburners can generate enough thrust to
accelerate the F-22 at 26m/s2, how far did I travel
during that time?

d = vi t + ½ at2
= (97m/s)(12.3s)
+½
(26m/s2)(12.3s)2
= 3.2 x 103 m

So I just traveled a little over 3 kilometers in about 12 seconds… not bad!

Example: I am in a F-22 that is on the runway. From rest, I accelerate the plane at
3.9m/s2 for 9.5s to reach take off velocity. How long does the runway have to be?
This is an example of a question where the initial velocity is zero (since I’m
starting from rest), so…
d = vi t + ½ at2
= ½ at2
= ½ (3.9m/s2)(9.5s)2
= 1.8 x 102 m

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Formula 3
There is another formula related to the above that takes into account when we know the
final velocity instead of the initial.
d = vf ∙t - ½ a∙t2
 Notice that the difference is the minus sign instead of addition, and final
instead of initial velocity. We don’t use this in this class very often if at all.

Formula 4
Another very useful formula is the following…
vf2 = vi2 + 2a∙d
 Very handy when you have a question with both velocities, acceleration, and
displacement.
 Don’t forget to do the square root at the very end if you are solving for a
velocity, as the following example shows…

Example: What is the final velocity of a car that starts at 42 m/s and accelerates at
3.78m/s2 for a distance of 12 m?
vf2 = vi2 + 2ad
= (42m/s)2 + 2 (3.78m/s2) (12m)
2
vf = 1855  Many people leave the answer like this, forgetting
that this is velocity squared!
vf = 43 m/s

Formula 5
The last formula I’ll show you is probably the least used one.
 Only use it when you know for certain that the object has been going through a
constant acceleration.
 Some people ignore that rule for this equation (although it applies to all these
formulas).
d = ½ (vf + vi) t
Example: How far did a vehicle move if it started at 12 m/s and accelerated up to 47 m/s
in a time of 34s?
d = ½ (vf + vi) t
= ½ (47 m/s + 12 m/s) (34s)  Notice that it really doesn’t
matter which order the velocities are added in.
d = 1.0 x 103 m

Summary
So, how do you figure out which formula to use for a particular problem?
 Well, each of these formulas is missing one of the variables.
 Choose a formula that has the four variables in your question, and not the fifth
missing variable.

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  he following table may help.

Formula a vf vi d t
vf = vi + at    X 
d = vi t + ½ at2  X   
d = vf t - ½ at2   X  
vf2 = vi2 + 2ad     X
d = ½ (vf + vi) t X    

 For example, if I had a question where I am given acceleration, displacement,

and time, and asked to find initial velocity, I would choose the second formula.
o It’s the only formula that doesn’t have final velocity, which I haven’t been
given or asked for.

Remember that for all of these formulas, you may be required to manipulate the formula
to find the answer you are looking for.
 Always follow the rule of finding the formula that has all the knowns and
unknown that you have, then manipulate it for your unknown, and solve.

Example: What is the displacement of a car that starts at 10 m/s and accelerates at
1.89m/s2 and reaches a final speed of 32m/s?
vf2 = vi2 + 2ad  can you see why I choose this formula?
v  vi (32m / s) 2  (10m / s) 2
2 2

d f 
2a 2(1.89m / s 2 )

d = 2.4 x 102 m

Freefall

a = g = 9.81m/s2
ag = g = acceleration due to gravity

Since gravity is just acceleration like any other, it can be used in any of the formulas that
we have used so far.
 It is necessary to be particularly careful about using the correct sign (positive
or negative) depending on the problem.

Example: A ball is thrown up into the air at an initial velocity of 56.3m/s. What is its
velocity after 4.52s have passed?

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 In the question the velocity upwards is positive, and I’ll keep it that way.
That just means that I have to make sure that I use gravity as a negative
number, since gravity always acts down.
vf = vi + at
= 56.3m/s + (-9.81m/s2)(4.52s)
vf = 12.0 m/s
This value is still positive, but smaller. The ball is slowing down as it rises
into the air.

Example: I throw a ball down off the top of a cliff so that it leaves my hand at 12m/s.
How fast is it going 3.47 seconds later?
In this question I stated a downward velocity as positive. I might as well
stick with this, but that means I have defined down as positive. That
means gravity will be positive as well.
vf = vi + at
= 12m/s + (9.81m/s2)(3.47s)
vf = 46 m/s
Here the number is getting bigger. It’s positive, but in this question I’ve
defined down as positive, so it’s speeding up in the positive direction.

Example: I throw up a ball at 56.3 m/s again. How fast is it going after 8.0s?
We’re defining up as positive again.
vf = vi + at
= 56.3m/s + (-9.81m/s2)(8.0s)
vf = -22 m/s
Why did I get a negative answer?
 The ball reached its maximum height, where it stopped, and then
started to fall down.
 Falling down means a
negative velocity. maximum height

There are a few rules like this that you have to

keep track of.
Let’s look at the way an object thrown up
into the air moves.
As the ball is going up…
o It starts at the bottom at the
maximum speed.
o As it rises, it slows down.
o It finally reaches its maximum
height, where for a moment its
velocity is zero.
 This is exactly half ways
through the flight time.

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 As the ball is coming down…
o The ball begins to speed up, but downwards.
o When it reaches the same height that it started from, it will be going at the
same speed as it was originally moving at.
o It takes just as long to go up as it takes to come down.

Example: I throw my ball up into the air (again) at a velocity of 56.3 m/s.
a) How much time does it take to reach its maximum height?
 It reaches its maximum height when its velocity is zero. We’ll use that
as the final velocity.
 Also, if we define up as positive, we need to remember to define down
(like gravity) as negative.
v  vi
a f
t
v  v i 0  56.3m / s
t f  = 5.74s
a  9.81m / s 2
b) How high does it go?
 It’s best to try to avoid using the number you calculated in part (a),
since if you made a mistake, this answer will be wrong also.
 If you can’t avoid it, then go ahead and use it.
vf2 = vi2 + 2ad
vf  vi 0  56.3m / s 
2 2 2
d  = 1.62 x 102 m
2a 2 9.81m / s 
2

c) How fast is it going when it reaches my hand again?

Ignoring air resistance, it will be going as fast coming down as it was
going up. The magnitude should be the same, but the direction will be
different.

You might have heard people in movies say how many gee’s they were experiencing.
 All this means is that they are comparing the acceleration they are feeling to
regular gravity.
 So, right now, you are experiencing 1g… regular gravity.
 During lift-off the astronauts in the space shuttle experience about 4g’s.
o That works out to about 39m/s2.
 Gravity on the moon is about 1.7m/s2 = 0.17g

Speed & Velocity

 Notation for speed is V (This is all speed)
 Average Speed=V
 Units (MKS)= m/s

Equation: V= d/t= distance / time = m/s

Get out reference table & look at it.

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If I have constant speed during an entire time period; it is said the object is in UNIFORM
MOTION.

Velocity
- Time rate of change of an objects displacement.
- Note: speed is a scalar and velocity is VECTOR.
 Speed & velocity are not interchangeable.

Example: In the 1988 Summer Olympics, Florence Griffith-Joyner won the 100m race in
10.54s. Assuming the race is measured to the nearest 0.1m, what was her average
velocity?
 Since the race is measured to the nearest 0.1m, our actual d = 100.0m

 d 100.0m
v   9.488m / s
t 10.54s
 Most of the time we talk about velocity in kilometers per hour.

Graphs of Linear Motion

d-t graph (distance –time)
Independent variable (t)-time (sec) on x-axis
Dependent variable (d) on y-axis

d what is the slope of this graph mean?

(m) Slope= ∆y/∆x = ∆d/∆t= V= speed
t(s) what can you tell me about this objects motion?
Answer: It’s constant! (or Uniform)

d
(m)

1 t(s) 3

Objects motion NOT MOVING

Slope= ∆y/∆x= 0M/(3-1) =0 NO SLOPE

d
(m) B Object’s motion= Not Constant Not
Uniform
A Greater slope @ B
Slope is NOT constant
It is changing it’s increasing
t(s) This object is accelerating

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 NOTE: Whenever you see a curved d-t graph it is either acc. or decelerating.
depending upon the positive or negative slope of the graph.

d
(m) DECELERATING

t(s)
Billion $ Quest- How do I find instantaneous velocity?
Ans: I take the slope of the point (time) that is tangent to the curve.

Ex. d
(m)
y2 Guaranteed question on quiz or test
y1

t(s) x1 x2
Acceleration
Definition: Time of change of velocity
A= ∆V where A= acceleration (m/s2)
t t= time(s) units (m/s2)
_
a = Average acceleration
a= uniform or constant acceleration a
(m/s2)

t (s)
How do I find the average velocity of an object’s acceleration uniformly?

Vi = initial velocity

Vf = final velocity

If I have acceleration, I have a change in velocity!

Vi < Vf Vi = 2 m/s Vf = 10 m/s

V = average velocity when an object accelerates

V = (Vi + Vf) / 2 = NOT ON REF. TABLE! KNOW IT – common sense

NOTE: This is only valid when you have constant or uniform acceleration.

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a a
(m/s2) (m/s2)

t (s) t (s)

can’t use
V = (Vi + Vf) / 2 for this

Area Under Graph

V Area under the curve = L x W or Y * X = V x t

(m/s) (m/s) * (s) = (m) = distance traveled

t(s)

Area under v – t graph = distance traveled

V A = ½ b * h = dist. traveled
(m/s)

t(s)

We will utilize the various worksheets handed out in class for example problems.

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Name____________________________________ Date_______
Regents Physics Mr. Morgante

1-D Motion Equation Note/Worksheet & Problem Solving

Mechanics Equations

Equation Variables Units Can be used to find…

v = d
t

a = Δv
t

vf = v i + at

d = v i t + ½ at2

v f2 = v i 2 + 2ad

Problem solving methodology:

1. Write down all of the “knowns” in the equation. Examples are initial velocity (vi)
and final velocity (vf) of an object.
 Note that some of the “knowns” may not actually be given, you have to
know them. Examples are gravity (g) = 9.81 m/s2 and if you start “from
rest” your initial velocity (vi) is zero!

2. Analyze your “knowns”, and understand what it is the problem wants you to
determine. If the problem asks for final velocity, how many equations are there
above that can be used? Be careful and look closely.

3. If you don’t understand what a subscript or superscript of an equation means, look

on your cheat sheet, I mean your Reference Table. All the info is listed there right
next to the equations.

OVER

16
4. Plug and chug. It is recommended to do algebra first (w/o plugging in any
numbers!) to arrange the equation so you can solve for your unknown. Using
units analysis (a.k.a. canceling units) should help you to avoid mistakes. If you
are solving for velocity and your units analysis yields m/s2, you obviously did
something wrong so you should check your work.

5. All equations used should be listed and units should be used in every step of the
equation. You should box your final answer, and your final answer should have
units. Please follow as neat and orderly a procedure as possible……..if it is neat
and orderly I can grade it easily and unnecessary mistakes will be avoided in your
work and my grading. USE PENCIL SO YO CAN ERASE AND BE NEAT!!!!

6. This methodology can be used for all subsequent units we will cover.

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Name:____________________ Date:___________
Regents Physics Mr. Morgante
1D-Motion Problem Scenarios

Freefall (Vertical Motion):

Ball thrown upward with an initial velocity:

Vtop = 0 m/s

g (negative value in equation)

vi

Things to consider:

 Sign convention is shown below. This is very, very important b/c it tells you
what drirection something is moving in.
+y (pos. initial velocity)

-y (gravity always in this dir., & velocity on

the way down)

 We almost always ignore air friction and we assume that the toss is almost
perfectly straight up and down.
 The time it takes the ball to go up to its maximum height equals the time it takes
for the ball to come down from the maximum height. This means there is
SYMMETRY. If you analyze the various components of the ball on its way up
(velocity, time, etc.), it will be equal to the components going down at the
respective time. For instance, if vi=25 m/s, vf=25 m/s if the ball is caught at the
same height it is thrown from.
 Gravity (g=9.81 m/s2) is working against the initial velocity upward thereby
slowing the ball down until it reaches the top of its flight where the vertical
velocity is zero. Gravity is therefore a negative value in the equations.
 At the top of the flight, it is as though the ball is being released from rest, so the vi
=0m/s if the problem is analyzed from this point forward in time. Gravity is

18
 working to speed the ball up when the ball is on its way down. Even though it is
still a negative value in the equation, it does not make the ball slow down as is the
case when the ball is going upward. The negative sign in the equation serves to
tell the problem solver the direction the ball is moving in.

Freefall Cont.

Ball dropped from a cliff:

g=9.81 m/s2
vi=0 m/s
d

Things to consider:
 Sign convention as discussed previously still applies.
 If you DROP something, it comes out of your hand with an initial vertical
velocity that equals zero (vi=0 m/s). Gravity immediately starts to uniformly
accelerate the object at 9.81 m/s2 so that the velocity increases in a straight with a
constant slope if you were to graph velocity versus time.
 The ball’s velocity increases by 9.81 m/s every second! You get that from a=Δv.
t
2
Where t= 1 second intervals and a=g=9.81 m/s . Since vi=0 m/s, Δv becomes vf.
Fill out the table below to prove this is the case:

Acceleration (a) Time (s) Velocity m/s

in m/s2

 You can also solve for unknowns such as distance or displacement. You can
solve for d if only time is given since vi=0 m/s. These scenarios require practice
that you will get in the class worksheets.

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Horizontal 1-D Motion:

Decelerating object:

vi a

Things to consider:
 Sign convention as follows:

-v, -d or –a +v, +d or +a

 Here, the object has an initial velocity and the acceleration is opposing the motion
of the object. This is called deceleration and would be inserted as a negative
value in the equation chosen for the particular problem.

Accelerating object:

vi a

Things to consider:
 Sign convention as follows is the same as above:

-v, -d or –a +v, +d or +a

 Here, the object has an initial velocity and the acceleration is in the same direction
as the motion of the object. This is called acceleration and would be inserted as a
positive value in the equation chosen for the particular problem.

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Inclined Plane 1-D Motion +y

+x
Ball released from rest on incline:

 Look at the
coordinate system above, it is in alignment with the slope of the incline now!
 If the ball is on a frictionless plane, it will accelerate down the incline. It will
accelerate because of gravity acting on the ball, thereby increasing its velocity.
 Ball starts from rest so vi=0 m/s. Ball can also start with a vi if I wanted to test
your true understanding of the material.
 As the angle of the incline increases, the ball will accelerate faster b/c the
acceleration component of gravity becomes greater! If we approached a 90°
angle, the object would be in freefall and g=9.81 m/s2. If the angle is anything
less than 90°, the acceleration will be less than g=9.81 m/s2, it will be a
component of g=9.81 m/s2!!!!! The value of acceleration is usually given.
 Assume that acceleration is uniform, so v= vi + vf , v = d/t, and a=Δv
2 t
Ball pushed/thrown upward on an incline:

+y +x

vi

 Have to have a vi here in order to have ball move up incline. vi is a positive value
here.
 Gravity is working against ball to slow it down, hence g is a negative value here
and is some component that is less than 9.81 m/s2.
 Assume that acceleration is uniform, so v= vi + vf , v = d/t, and a=Δv
2 t

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NAME________________________________ DATE________
Regents Physics Mr. Morgante
Kinematics Equations & Algebra Review
Objective: Review equations, algebra and solution methods for kinematics

1. Write the equation for average speed:____________

Solve for: d t

2. Write the alternate equation for average speed: ___________

What special condition is required to use this equation?:_________________

3. Write the equation for acceleration: ___________

Expand the acceleration formula using vf , vi ___________

Solve the expanded acceleration formula for vf : ____________

Solve the expanded acceleration formula for vi: ____________

Solve the expanded acceleration formula for t : ____________

4. Write the equation for distance using vi , a & t: ____________

If vi = 0, how does the equation simplify? ____________

Solve the equation for a: ____________

5. Write the equation for final speed (or velocity) using vi , a & d: ____________

Solve the equation for vi : ____________

Solve the equation for d: ____________

Solve the equation for a: ____________

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Name:______________________ Date:_______
Regents Physics Mr. Morgante
Kinematics Problems
1. A ball, initially at rest at t = 0 seconds, rolls down a long incline. Since the object is
on the incline, its acceleration will be less than 9.8 m/s2, although the acceleration
will still be constant. If the ball has rolled 1 meter at t = 2 seconds, how far will it
have rolled at t =4 seconds?
A. 2 m
B. 3 m
C. 4 m
D. 5 m
E. 8 m

2. If an object is placed on a frictionless incline, it will slide down with a constant

acceleration. However, because the object is not falling straight down, this
acceleration will be less than the acceleration due to gravity. Assume specifically that
an object is released from rest on a certain frictionless incline at time t = 0 and that
the object slides a distance of 1 meter during the first second. If the object then keeps
on sliding down this incline with the same acceleration, through what distance will it
travel from t = 1 second to t = 2 seconds.
A. 1 m
B. 2 m
C. 3 m
D. 4 m
E. 5 m

3. The picture below shows the pattern of dots that was made by a tape timer on a strip
of ticker tape connected to a moving object. The tape is oriented so that the first dot
that was made is at the left. Notice that vertical grid lines have been drawn to help
you judge the distances. Which of the following best describes the motion of the
object?

A. The object has a constant velocity

B. The object was speeding up with a constant acceleration
C. The object is speeding up with a non-constant acceleration
D. The object is slowing down with a constant acceleration
E. The object is slowing down with a non-constant acceleration

OVER

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4. The picture below shows the pattern of dots made on ticker tapes connected to two
different moving objects, I and II. Each timer was set to make the same number of
dots per second and each tape is oriented so that the first dot that was made is at the
left. Which of the statements below best compares the motion of the two objects?
I
II

A. Object I has a smaller initial speed than object II and object I has a smaller
average acceleration than object II
B. Object I has a smaller initial speed than object II, but object I has a larger average
acceleration than object II
C. Object I has a larger initial speed than object II, but object I has a smaller average
acceleration than object II
D. Object I has a larger initial speed than object II and object I has a larger average
acceleration than object II
E. Object I has a smaller initial speed than object II but both objects have the same
average accelerations.

5. Each of the three graphs above represents acceleration versus time for an object that
already has a non-zero positive velocity at time t1. Which graphs show an object
whose speed is increasing for the entire time interval between t1 and t2?
a a a
I II III

t1 t2 t t1 t2 t t1 t2 t
A. graph I, only
B. graph II, only
C. graphs I and II, only
D. graphs I and III, only
E. graphs I, II, and III

OVER

24
6. Each of the graphs below shows the displacement, d, as a function of time for a
different moving object. Which graph(s) show an object that is moving with a
positive acceleration?
d d d d

t t t t

I II III IV
A. graph I, only
B. graphs I and II, only
C. graph I and III, only
D. graph I and IV, only
E. graph III and IV, only

7. Which pair of graphs below shows the distance traveled versus time and the speed
versus time for an object uniformly accelerated from rest starting at time t = 0?
Distance

Distance
Speed

Speed

t0 t t t
0 0 0
<A> <B>
Distance
Distance

Speed

Speed

t t 0 t0 t
0 0
<C> <D>
Distance

Speed

0 t0 t
<E>

OVER

25
Questions 8 to 11 :
Each of these questions refers to the displacement versus time graph below. The graph
describes the motion of a car that was initially heading north along a straight north-south
road. Each of the five labeled intervals on the graph – A,B,C,D and E – lasts for the same
amount of time. North is the positive direction.

Displacement

D
C

B E

Time

8. Over which interval(s) is the velocity of the object greater than zero?
A. interval A, only
B. interval B, only
C. interval D, only
D. intervals A, B, and C
E. intervals A, B, C, and D

9. Over which intervals is there no change in the velocity of the object?

A. intervals A and C, only
B. intervals B, D, and E, only
C. interval D, only
D. interval B, only
E. interval E, only

10. Over which interval does the object have the greatest average speed?
A. interval A
B. interval B
C. interval C
D. interval D
E. interval E

OVER

26
11. At the end of interval E, the car is
A. back at its starting point
B. further north of its starting point than it was at any other time during its trip
C. north of its starting point, but not as far north as it was at other times during its
trip.
D. further south of its starting point than it was at any other time during its trip.
E. south of its starting point, but not as far south as it was at other times during its
trip.

12. The speed of an object one second after it has been dropped from rest out of a high
office window on the planet Mitochondria is 8 m/s. What will its speed be 3 seconds
after it was first dropped?
A. 8 m/s
B. 24 m/s
C. 12 m/s
D. 72 m/s
E. 36 m/s

13. An object is thrown upward from the ground at sea level on Earth with an initial
speed of 30 m/s. Which of the following is closest to the total time that the object will
be in the air before it strikes the ground again?
A. 2.5 seconds
B. 6.0 seconds
C. 3.0 seconds
D. 5.0 seconds
E. 30 seconds

14. A ball is thrown vertically up and is caught when it returns to the same vertical
position from which it was thrown. The ball takes 3 seconds to reach its maximum
height. For what total time interval is the ball in the air? Neglect air friction.
A. between 3 seconds and 6 seconds
B. 6 seconds
C. longer than 6 seconds
D. 9.8 seconds
E. 19.6 seconds

27
Name:________________ Date:_________
Regents Physics Mr. Morgante
Graphical Analysis I (Displacement vs. Time) – Remember Sign Convention

Displacement (m), East vs. Time (s)

12
Displacement (m), East
10
8
6 Series1
4
2
0
0 5 10 15
Time (s)

1. What is the displacement of the object from the datum or origin point (0,0) at:
t=0.0 sec?_______________

t=3.0 sec?_______________

t=7.0 sec?_______________

t=10.0 sec?______________

t=13.0 sec?______________

2. What is the speed of the object at:

t=1.0 sec?______________

t=6.0 sec?______________

t=9.0 sec?______________

t=12.0 sec?_____________

3. What is the object’s velocity from t=0 to:

t=0.0 sec?_____________

t=3.0 sec?_____________

t=7.0 sec?_____________

28
Name:________________ Date:_________
Regents Physics Mr. Morgante
Graphical Analysis II (Velocity vs. Time) – Remember Sign Convention!

Velocity (m/s), North vs. Time (s)

14
Velocity (m/s), North

12
10
8
Series1
6
4
2
0
0 5 10
Time (s)

1. What was the speed of the object at t=7.0 s?

2. How far does the object travel in the first 4.0 seconds?

3. What was the value of the object’s acceleration at t=0.5 seconds?

4. The graph shows that the object has an acceleration 0.0 m/s2 at t=________
(Show your work below)

5. The object’s acceleration was directed opposite to its velocity at a time of

t=_________ (Show your work below)

Note: Remember the area under the curve for a v-t graph will yield the displacement!!!!!!
Note#2: If you can do v-t and d-t graphs, you can figure a-t graphs out on a test or quiz I
give!!!!

29
Name:_____________________ Date:_________
Regents Physics 1-D Motion Graphs Worksheet Mr. Morgante

Sketch the general form of d-t, v-t and a-t graphs for the following 1-dimensional motion
scenarios:

1. Tossing an object straight up in the air and then catching it at the same height it was
thrown from.

t t t
d v a

2. An object moving at constant velocity in a positive direction (it has an initial velocity
at t=0 sec).

t t t
d v a

3. An object that starts from rest and moves in a straight line in a positive horizontal
direction with uniform acceleration.

t t t
d v a

4. Dropping an object from an arbitrary height where origin is the height dropped from.

t t t
d v a

OVER

31
 +y

+x

5. An object that rolls down an inclined plane.

t t t +y
d v a

+x

6. An object that rolls up an inclined plane and stops at the top of the incline.

t t t
d v a

7. An object that has an initial velocity in a positive horizontal direction undergoes

deceleration to the point where it stops.

t t t
d v a

8. An object that has an initial velocity of 20 m/s in a positive horizontal direction and
undergoes deceleration to the point where it has a final velocity of 10 m/s in a
positive direction.

t t t
d v a

32
Name________________________________ Date________
Regents Physics Mr. Morgante
Acceleration in x or y plane
Show all work. Place answer in space provided.

1. A car is accelerated uniformly from rest to 40 m/s in 20 seconds.

a) What is the magnitude and direction of the car’s acceleration?
Sketch Calculations

a)__________
b) What is the magnitude and direction of the car’s displacement?

b)__________
c) What is the car’s velocity at 16 seconds?

c)__________
2. A baseball is thrown straight up (+y direction) at a velocity of v0y = +35 m/s.
use magnitude of g = 10 m/s2
a)What is the ball’s velocity at t = 1.0 second?
Sketch Calculations

a)__________
b) What is the displacement of the ball at time t = 2.0 seconds?

b)__________

33
Name:_____________________ Date:_______________
Regents Physics Mr. Morgante
Kinematics Worksheet #2

1. A man walks 40 meters north, then 70 meters east, and then 40 meters south. What is his displacement
from the starting point?
A. 150 meters east B. 150 meters west
C. 70 meters east D. 70 meters west

2. As the angle between two concurrent forces decreases from 180 degrees their resultant
A. decreases B. increases
C. remains the same

3. An object moves a distance of 10 meters in 5 seconds. The average speed of the object is
A. 0.5 m/sec B. 2.0 m/sec
C. 40 m/sec D. 50 m/sec

4. Starting from rest, object A falls freely for 2.0 seconds, and object B falls freely for 4.0 seconds.
Compared with object A, object B falls
A. one-half as far B. twice as far
C. three times as far D. four times as far

5. A car accelerates uniformly from rest at 3.2 m/sec-sec. When the car has traveled a distance of 40.0
meters its speed will be
A. 8.0 m/sec B. 12.5 m/sec
C. 16 m/sec D. 128 m/sec

6. Which quantity has both magnitude and direction?

A. distance B. speed
C. mass D. velocity

7. An object is displaced 12 meters to the right and then 16 meters upward.

The magnitude of the resultant displacement is
A. 1.3 meters B. 20 meters
C. 28 meters D. 4.0 meters

8. An object travels for 8.00 seconds with an average speed of 160.0 meters per second. The distance
traveled by the object is
A. 20.0 m B. 200. m
C. 1,280 m D. 2,560 m

9. The maximum number of components that a single force may be resolved into is
A. one C. 2
B. Unlimited D. None

10. As a body falls freely near the surface of the Earth its acceleration
A. decreases B. Increases C. remains the same

11. Which is a vector quantity?

A. acceleration due to gravity
B. mechanical equivalent of heat
C. rest mass of an electron
D. speed of an object
(OVER)

34
12. Starting from rest, an object rolls freely down an incline that is 10 meters long in 2 seconds. The
acceleration of the object is approximately
A. 5 m/sec B. 5 m/sec2
C. 10 m/sec D. 10 m/sec2

13. An object, initially at rest, falls freely near the Earth’s surface.
How long does it take the object to attain a speed of 98 meters per second?
A. 0.1 sec B. 10 sec
C. 98 sec D. 960 sec

14. The average speed of a runner in a 400-meter race is 8.0 meters per second. How long did it take the
runner to complete the race?
A.80 sec B.50 sec
C.40 sec D. 32 sec

15. A rock is thrown horizontally from the top of a cliff at 12 meters per second. Approximately how
long does it take the rock to fall 45 meters vertically? (Assume negligible air resistance.)
A. 1.0 sec B. 5.0 sec
C. 3.0 sec D. 8.0 sec

16. Two concurrent forces act at right angles to each other. If one of the forces is 40 newtons and the
resultant of the two forces is 50.0 newtons the magnitude of the other force must be
A. 10 newtons B. 20 newtons
C. 30 newtons D. 40 newtons

17. If two 10.0 newton concurrent forces have a resultant of zero the angle between the forces must be
A. 0 degrees B. 45 degrees
C. 90 degrees D. 180 degrees

18. Acceleration is a vector quantity that represents the time-rate of change in

A. momentum B. velocity
C. distance D. energy

19. A moving body must undergo a change of

A. velocity B. acceleration
C. position D. direction

20. A 10.0 kilogram object, starting from rest, slides down a frictionless incline with a constant
acceleration of 2.0 m/s2 for 4.0 seconds. During the 4.0 seconds the object moves a total distance of
A. 32m B. 16m
C. 8.0m D. 4.0m

21. A car is accelerated at 4.0 m/sec-sec from rest. The car will reach a speed of 28 meters per second at
the end of
A. 3.5 sec B. 7.0 sec
C. 14 sec D. 24 sec

22. If a car increases its speed from 15 meters/second to 30 meters/second in 15 seconds the average
acceleration during this time is
A. 1.0 m/sec2 B. 15 m/sec2
2
C. 30. m/sec D. 45 m/sec2 (OVER)

35
23. An object starting from rest falls freely for 2.0 seconds. During this time its average velocity is
A. 4.9 m/sec B. 6.0 m/sec
C. 9.8 m/sec D. 19.6 m/sec

24. Assume that an object has no unbalanced force acting on it. Which statement about the object is true?
A. The object may be in motion.
B. The object must be slowing down.
C. The object must be at rest.
D. The object may be speeding up.
E. Both A&C

25. A softball is thrown straight up, reaching a maximum height of 20 meters. Neglecting air resistance,
what is the ball’s approximate vertical velocity when it hits the ground?
A. 10 m/sec B. 20 m/sec
C. 15 m/sec D. 40 m/sec

26. Which statement about the movement of an object with zero acceleration is true?
A. The object must be at rest.
B. The object must be slowing down.
C. The object may be speeding up.
D. The object may be in motion.
E. Both A&D

36
Name ______________________________ Date:_____________
Regents Physics Mr. Morgante
Uniform Motion/Acceleration Worksheet
Show all calculations
Place answer in space provided.
Equations: v = d/t vf = v1 + at d = vit +1/2 at2

1. A bicycle rider travels at 15 km/h for 1.5 hours. How far did she travel in this time?
1. .

2. A tennis ball starts from a resting position (vi = 0).

The ball rolls down a ramp and accelerates at a constant rate of 7 m/s2
The time to reach the bottom of the ramp was 3 sec.
What is the balls speed at the bottom of the ramp?

2.__________

3. The formula for final velocity is vf = vi + at.

a. Solve for a SHOW YOUR STEPS OR NO CREDIT.

3. ________

4. An airplane traveling at 400 m/s is decelerated uniformly at the rate of -25 m/s2. How
long does it take for the plane to reach a final velocity of 0 (zero)?

4._________

a. How many meters will the airplane travel before it comes to a stop?

a.________

5. A softball is dropped from a trestle and falls for 4.5 s, before it is caught by Mullen.
How fast was the ball traveling when it hit her glove?

5._________
a. How far did the ball fall when dropped from the trestle?
a.__________

37
Name:________________________ Date:_____________
Regents Physics Mr. Morgante
1-D Motion Worksheet #3 (Show All Work)
1. A car traveling at 25 m/s is brought to rest at a constant rate in 20 sec. By
applying the brakes.
a. What is its acceleration?

b. How far did it travel after the brakes were applied?

2. During a 30 second interval, the speed of a rocket rose steadily from 0.1 km/s to
0.5 km/s. How far did the rocket go during this time?

3. A bottle rocket leaves the ground moving straight upward with a velocity of 25
m/s. Ignore air resistance.
a. What is the velocity of the rocket after 2.5 seconds?

b. How long does it take for the rocket to reach the highest point of its flight?

c. What is the total time of flight for the rocket?

d. What is the displacement of the rocket from the ground at t=4 seconds?

38
Name________________________________ Date________
Regents Physics Kinematics Practice Mr. Morgante

1. Students in a physics lab collected the following data from a ball starting at rest
rolling with uniform acceleration down a 4 m inclined plane (Ignore friction)

a. Complete the sketch:

+y

+x

ti = _____ tf = _____
vi = _____ vf = _____
di = _____ df = 4m

DATA:

Displacement: 0 m 0.75m 1.7m 3m 4m

Time: 0 secs 1.0 secs 1.5 secs 2.0 secs 2.3 secs

b. What is the velocity of the ball at t = 2.00 secs?

Magnitude________ Direction_______
c. What is the displacement of the ball at t = 0.5 secs?

Magnitude________ Direction_______
d. What is the acceleration of the ball?

Magnitude________ Direction_______
e. Graph the displacement, velocity and acceleration of the ball versus time:

(OVER)

39
2. A tennis ball leaves the ground (y = 0) at vi = 30 m/s in the +y direction.
2
Note: Magnitude of g = 10 m/s
Sketch a. Calculate the velocity of the ball at t = 4.0 secs

Magnitude________ Direction_______

b. How long does it take the ball to reach the top of its arc?

b.__________

3. A race car accelerates uniformly from +40 m/s to +25 m/s in 30 seconds.

+x

ti = 0 tf = _____
vi = _____ vf = _____
di = _____ df = _____

a. Calculate the total displacement of the car in this 30 –second interval:

Magnitude________ Direction_______

b. Calculate the acceleration of the car in this 30 –second interval:

Magnitude________ Direction_______

c. Graph the displacement, velocity and acceleration of the car versus time
in the 30-second interval.

40
Name:_____________________ Date:_______
Regents Physics Mr. Morgante

Ticker Tape Worksheet

For #’s 1 - 3.: These questions refer to the tapes shown below. The tapes start on
the right hand side of the page. You may use one tape for more than one answer.
Explain Your Answer!!!!!

A) * * * * * * * * START

B) * * * * * * START

C) * * * * * * * START

1. Which tape shows constant, non-zero acceleration?

2. Which tape shows constant speed?

3. Which tape shows the greatest magnitude of acceleration?

4. What is happening in C)

Z:\Physics\Regents Physics\Class Material\Unit 2B 1D Motion 1-7-10.doc

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