Elecromagnetic induction

Electromagnetik induktion is an induction of electric motonal force caused the changed

of magnetic flux
If we have a wire coil that connected to a galvanometer then a magnet is moved closer
to and away fram the coil, it will detected the induction current due to magnetic flux φ that
varies through the coil.
Magnetic flux can be expressed with:
⃗ . 𝑑𝐴
𝑑𝛷 = 𝐵
If a coil with N identical winding and the flux is changed at the same rate in each
winding the total electric motional force is:
𝑑𝛷
𝜀 = −𝑁
𝑑𝑡
In electromagnetic induktion, there are some laws used such as Faraday’s law and
Lenz’s law. Lenz’s law is used to determine the direction of induction current. The lenz’s law
states that the direction of induction current in a conductor is opposite to the direction of
conductor motion. Because the direction of induction current is always opposite to the change
of magnetic flux through the circuit, the greater the resistance of circuit, the smaller induction
current emerging.

Electric motional force

In electrical motional force, the magnetic field is homogen directed into the paper.
If the rod is moved to the right with velocity 𝑣 then the particle with the 𝑞 charge in the rod
will have magnetic force.
⃗
𝐹 = 𝑞. 𝑣 × 𝐵
This magnetic force caused the free charge in the rod is moving and creates an electrical
field 𝐸⃗ and a magnitude of potential difference beetwen 𝑎 and 𝑏 point, or voltage that equals
to the magnituude of electric field multiplied by the length of the rod.
𝑉𝑎𝑏 = 𝐸⃗ . 𝐿
And
𝜀 = 𝑉. ⃗⃗⃗
𝐵. 𝐿
At the 𝑑𝑙 element

⃗ )𝑑𝑙
𝜀 = ∮(𝑣 × 𝐵
Inductance in electromagnetic induktion
There are two kind of inductance in electromagnetic induktion, the first is joint inductance
and the second is self inductance.
a. Joint inductanceif
Joint inductanceif we have two wires, wire 1 and wire 2 which are currents of electric
current. The wire with the length element 𝑑𝑙 placed each other by distance R, then the
⃗ against wire 2 by flux 𝛷 that
electric current in wire 1 will produces a magnetic field 𝐵
can be written

𝛷 = ∮(∇ × 𝐴) 𝑑𝐴

The flux passing through the wire 2 is proportional to the electric current in wire 1 (I1)
by equality factor M12 called the joint inductance
𝜇0 𝑑𝑙1 𝑑𝑙2
𝑀= ∮∮
4𝜋 𝑅12
The flux through the wire 1 by electric current is equals to the flux through the wirw 2,
and it can be said that the electric motional force from the change of electric current
𝑑𝛷
𝜀=−
𝑑𝑡

b. Self inductance
If we have only one wire which is through by electric current, it will produce a magnetic
field through the circuit itself.
The flux which is through the wire is
𝛷 = 𝐿. 𝐼
Where L is equality coeficient called self induktance
𝛷
𝐿=
𝐼
If electric current is changed, electric motional force will be appeared because the
change of the flux magnetic through the circuit.