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 English Tense
Tense is a basic concept of English Grammar. Learning tenses is necessary for learning English language.
The ‘tense’ is simply the way of using a form of verb in a sentence to express the time or state of an action.

There are three forms of tenses in English langue:

1. Present Tense (It expresses an action that occurs in the present)


2. Past Tense (It expresses an action that occurred in the past)
3. Future Tense (It expresses an action that will occur in the future)

We hear and read different sentences in our routine. Each of those sentences narrates about some action with regard to
the time (present, past, future) of its occurrence. In other words, each of those sentences belongs to a specific tense.

For expressing actions of present time, we use a specific structure of sentence. Similarly for expressing actions of past
and future, we may use a different structure of sentence. Tense refers to these rules for making structure of sentence
according to time of the action (present, past, or future).

The tense guides us for making correct sentence depending on the time of action. It tells us the following:

1. Structure of a sentence
2. Which form of main-verb should be used in a sentence
3. Which auxiliary verbs should be used in a sentence

Example.

 He worked in a factory. (Past Tense)


 He is working in a factory. (Present Tense)
 He will work in a factory. (Future Tense)

The structure of each of the above sentence is different. Each sentence has different form of main verb and different
auxiliary verb. Each of the above sentences belongs to a different tense.

Hence, the tense is the way of structuring a sentence using correct verbs and auxiliaries to give a meaningful sense with
regard to time of occurrence of the action.

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As earlier mentioned, there three forms of English tense: Present, Past and Future Tense. Each of them is further divided
into four types, making total of twelve types:

 PRESENT TENSE
 Present Simple Tense
 Present Progressive Tense
 Present Perfect Tense
 Present Perfect progressive Tense

 PAST TENSE
 Past Simple Tense
 Past Progressive Tense
 Past Perfect Tense
 Past Perfect Progressive Tense

 FUTURE TENSE
 Future Simple Tense
 Future Progressive Tense
 Future Perfect Tense
 Future Perfect progressive Tense

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 Present Simple Tense
Present simple tense is used to state an action which occurs on regular basis in present. These actions include habitual
or repeated actions, scheduled actions occurring on regular basis; and facts that stand true all the time.

The following examples express actions occurring on regular basis or facts that stand true all the time.

 He works in a factory.
 He plays football.
 She loves her kids.
 The sun rises in the east.
 The shop closes at 9 P.M.

Structure of Sentence: Base form (1st form) of the verb will be used as a main verb in the sentence.

POSITIVE SENTENCES
 Subject + Main verb + Object
 Subject + Base form of verb + Object

Note: If the subject of the sentence is “she, it, he, a singular noun”, then “-es” or “-s” will be added to main verb in the
sentence.

Examples:

 She goes to college daily.


 He works in a hospital.
 He likes music.
 I listen to News daily.
 The kids smile to see their mother.
 She writes me a letter.
 We get salary each month.
 Water flows in the river.
 He sleeps at 10 PM
 They play football in the playground
 Kids watch cartoon.

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NEGATIVE SENTENCES:
 Subject + Auxiliary verb + NOT + Main verb + Object
 Subject + Do not or Does not + Base form of verb + Object

Note: If the subject of a sentence is “she, he, it, or a singular noun”, the auxiliary-verb “Does not” will be used in
negative sentence. If the subject of a sentence is “we, I, you, they or a plural noun” then auxiliary verb “Do not” will be
used in negative sentences.

Examples.

 I do not eat vegetables.


 You do not go to university.
 He does not like swimming.
 She does not smoke.
 They do not play guitars
 Kids do not like medicine.
 You do not take physical exercise in the evening.
 She does not drive her car.
 Sara does not sing a song.
 They do not need any help.

QUESTION SENTENCES
 Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb + Object
 Do/Does + A Subject + Base form of verb + Object

Remember: If the subject of a sentence is “she, he, it, or a singular noun”, the sentence will start with auxiliary-verb
“Does”. If the subject of a sentence is “we, I, you, they or a plural noun” , the sentence will with auxiliary-verb “Do”.

Examples:

 Do you need some help?


 Does he want to take admission in the college?
 Does she like music?
 Do they come in time?

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 Do they study their books?
 Does David play the game properly?
 Do I ask you something?
 Does he drive safely?
 Do I teach you?
 Do you sleep?

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 Present Continuous Tense
Present Continuous Tense is used to describe a continued or an on-going action of the present. These actions are
occurring exactly at the time of speaking. It is called progressive tense because it refers to actions which are currently in
progress at the time of speaking.

For instance, a boy says, “I am drinking water”. It means that the action (drinking water) is being done exactly at this
time of the speaking.

This tense is also called Present Progressive Tense.

Structure of Sentence:
Main verb: Present Participle (base form of verb + ing) e.g. eating, drinking, looking
Auxiliary verbs: “is, am, or are”

Note.

 If subject of the sentence is “I”, then the auxiliary verb “am” will be used in sentence.
 If subject of the sentence is “She, He, It, or a singular noun” then the auxiliary verb “is” will be used.
 If the subject of sentence is “They, You or a plural noun” then the auxiliary verb “are” will be used.

POSITIVE SENTENCES:
 Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb
 Subject + (is / am / are) + Present Participle verb (verb + ing)

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Examples:

 I am washing my shirt.
 She is sleeping.
 Kids are playing cricket.
 They are walking in the lawn.
 He is writing a letter.
 You are eating some food.
 I am preparing myself for competition.
 He is drinking water.
 She is cleaning her room.
 She is making tea.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES:
 Subject + Auxiliary verb + NOT + Main verb
 Subject + is / am / are + NOT + Present Participle verb (verb+ing)

Examples:

 He is not sleeping.
 She is not studying her books.
 They are not coming to school.
 I am not appreciating you.
 I am not replying her.
 He is not asking any question.
 They are not waiting for you.
 She is not laughing.
 She is not listening to music.
 You are not eating your meal.

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INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES:
 Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb
 (is / am / are) + Subject + Present participle verb (verb+ing)

Examples:

 Are you listening to me?


 Is he calling you?
 Are you laughing at me?
 Are they running on the road?
 Is she planning about her studies?
 Am I making fun of you?
 Am I telling a lie?
 Is he learning English Grammar?
 Is she cooking some food?
 Are they shouting?

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 Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Tense is used to express an action that occurred or completed at some point in past. This tense
expresses an idea of completion or occurrence of an action in past without giving an idea about the exact time of its
occurrence. Though, the time of the action is not exactly known, this tense is mostly used to refer to actions completed
in the recent past (not a very long time ago).

Structure of Sentence:
Main Verb: Past Participle or 3rd form of a verb
Auxiliary verbs: “has, have”
Note: If the subject of sentence is “She, he, it, or a singular noun”, the auxiliary verb “has” is used. If the subject of
sentence is “they, you, or a plural noun”, the auxiliary verb “have” is used.

POSITIVE SENTENCES:
 Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb + Object
 Subject + Have / Has + Past Participle (3rd form of verb) + An Object

Examples:

 The guests have arrived.


 I have eaten my meal.
 You have done a nice job.
 He has received my letter.
 She has given me her books.
 I have finished my all tasks.
 She has qualified the exam.
 He has bought a camera.
 You have made a beautiful painting.
 They have helped us.
 He has gone to home.
 They have made a plan for starting business.

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NEGATIVE SENTENCES:
 Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb + Object
 Subject + Have / Has + NOT + Past Participle + Object

Examples:

 You have not completed you work.


 You have not asked me for help.
 She has not applied for a job.
 He has not brought the table.
 They have not enjoyed the party.
 They have not called us.
 He has not started a business.
 I have not written a letter.
 She has not come.
 I have not gone to America.

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES:

 Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb + Object


 Have / has + Subject + Past Participle + Object

Examples:

 Have you prepared yourself for the exam?


 Has she brought her camera?
 Has he finished his work?
 Have they played a game?
 Have the kids eaten their food?
 Have I sent you a mail?
 Has he bought a new laptop?
 Has he ever helped you?
 Have they gone to their college?
 Has she taken admission in the school?
 Have the guests arrived?
 Have you seen my new camera?

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 Present Perfect Continuous Tense
This tense express an action that started in past and continued to present or recently stopped. It is used to state an
ongoing action that has started at a point in the past. A time-reference is also used in the sentence to show that when
the action started in past or for how long the action continued.

The specific words ‘since’ and ‘for” are used in sentence to show the time of action. The word ‘Since’ is used if the exact
starting time (e.g. since Monday, since 3 P.M) of action is known or intended to be reflected in the sentence. The word
‘for’ is used to express the amount of time (e.g. for three hours, for six months) for which the action was continued.

Structure of Sentence.
Main verb: Present Participle (Base form + ing) e.g. going, eating.
Auxiliary verb: Have been, Has been

Note: If the subject of sentence is “She, he, it, or a singular noun”, the auxiliary verb “has been” is used. If the subject of
sentence is “they, you, or a plural noun”, the auxiliary verb “have been” is used.

POSITIVE SENTENCES:
 Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb + Time-reference
 Subject + Have been / Has been + Present Participle (verb+ing) + Time-reference

Examples:

 He has been living in New York since 1993.


 She has been working in an organization since 2005.
 He has been studying this book for three months.
 She has been listening to music for two hours.
 I have been watching the movie since 3 O’clock.
 They have been waiting for me for 5 hours.
 He has been teaching in this school for three years.
 They have been using their car for five years.
 He has been playing cricket for three hours.
 She has been writing for a newspaper since 25th January 2001.
 He has been sleeping for five hours.

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NEGATIVE SENTENCES:
 Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb + Time-reference
 Subject + Have not been / Has not been + Present Participle (verb+ing) + Time-reference

Examples:

 He has not been working in factor since 2007.


 She has not been studying her books for five days.
 They have not been coming to office since January 2012.
 I have not been sleeping for three days.
 He has not been watching television since Saturday.
 She has not been feeding her kids since 9 O’clock.
 I have not been meeting him since 2009.
 They have not been completing their work since Monday.
 Kids have not playing games for five hours.
 You have not been attending your lectures since 13th June.

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES:
 Has/Have +Subject + Been + Present Participle (verb+ing) + Time-reference

Examples:

 Have you been going to your college since 2012?


 Has he been working as a teacher for three years?
 Has she been writing the report since 7th August 2011?
 Have they been making a noise for one hour?
 Have they been watching the same movie for seven days?
 Has he been using his car for three years?
 Has she been studying for the exam since February 2013?
 Have I been wasting my time for three days?
 Have you been helping them for four years?
 Has your father been teaching you since 2002?

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 Past Simple Tense
Past Simple Tense expresses an action that occurred in past. It expresses the following type past-actions:
An action occurred just a little while ago

Examples:

 I ate an apple.
 He caught a bird in the bushes.
 I met a friend in the market.

An action which occurred on regular basis in past.

Examples:

 She worked in a factory.


 The people paid less taxes in past.
 The Ancients believed in superstitions.

Structure of Sentence:
Main Verb: Past Simple Form (2nd form of verb)

Note. 2nd form of verb is only used in positive sentence. In negative and question sentence, 1st form of verb is used as
main verb.
Auxiliary verb: Did

POSSITIVE SENTENCES:

 Subject + Main verb + Object


 Subject + Past simple form (or 2nd form of verb) + object

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Examples:

 I bought a laptop.
 He applied for a job.
 I ate my meal.
 He met me in the library
 She prepared some tea for the guests.
 They played the game properly.
 He asked me a question.
 You qualified the exam.
 She laughed to see the joker.
 She cleaned her room.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES:
 Subject + Auxiliary verb + NOT + Main verb + Object
 Subject + Did + Not + Base form (1st form of verb) + Object

Examples:

 She did not qualify her exam.


 He did not find any job.
 He did not buy a car.
 They did not go to college.
 You did not eat the food.
 I did not help him.
 He did not come here.
 She did not make a painting.
 I did not complete my work.
 Kids did not like the movie.

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INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES:
 Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb + Object
 Did + Subject + Base form (1st form of a verb) + Object

Examples:

 Did you watch that movie?


 Did she laugh?
 Did I call you?
 Did they shift to their new home?
 Did he bring his document?
 Did you apply for the new job?
 Did he meet you?
 Did they buy a camera?
 Did she sing a song?
 Did he come here?

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 Past Continuous Tense
Past Continuous Tense is used to mention an ongoing action of the past. It expresses past actions having an on-going
nature. An action, that continued for some time in past, are expressed in Past Progressive Tense.

This tense is also called 'Past Progressive Tense'.

Structure of Sentence:
Main Verb: Present Participle (1st form of verb + ing) e.g. sleeping, going.
Auxiliary verbs: “Was / Were”
Note: If the subject of the sentence is “I, She, He”, or a singular noun, the auxiliary “was” is used. If the subject of
sentence is “You, they,” or a plural noun, the auxiliary “were” will be use.

POSITIVE SENTENCES:
 Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb + Object
 Subject + Were / Was + Present Participle (Verb + ing) + An object

Examples:

 He was waiting for you.


 She was writing a letter.
 He was driving his car.
 She was making preparation for the exam.
 The dog was barking at them.
 You were smiling to see me.
 I was planning about my studies.
 They were eating their food.

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NEGATIVE SENTENCES:
 Subject + Auxiliary verb + NOT + Main Verb + Object
 A subject + Were / was + NOT + Present Participle + Object

Examples:

 I was not expecting such a foolish behavior from him.


 He was not sleeping.
 She was not washing her clothes.
 They were not shouting.
 You were not driving carefully.
 The snake was not running toward you.
 She was not decorating her room.
 He was not reading the book.
 I was not walking alone.
 The kids were not playing with the toys.

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES:
 Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb+ Object
 Were / was + Subject + Present Participle + Object

Examples:

 Were they going to their college?


 Was he coming to his home?
 Was she singing a song?
 Were you asking me something?
 Was I calling you?
 Were the people shouting at him?
 Was he listening to you?
 Was she walking in the street?
 Were you working in that factory?
 Was I answering the question correctly?

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 Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense is used to express two types of actions which occurred or completed in the past. It is usually used to
express an action which occurred a long time ago in past. It gives a sense of completion of an activity in past.

e.g. She had sent me her picture an year ago.

It may also be used to state an action that occurred in the recent past, but if it is intended to convey a sense of
completion of the action with reference to other activities taken place after the same action.

e.g. The patient had died before the doctor came.

Structure of Sentence:
Main verb: Past Participle (3rd form of the verb) e.g. gone, written, etc
Auxiliary verbs: Had

POSITIVE SENTENCES:
 Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb + Object
 Subject + Had + Past Participle (3rd form of verb) + Object

Examples:
 She had undergone heart surgery in her childhood.
 I had lost my camera.
 She had cooked some food.
 He had consumed a lot of alcohol.
 They had shifted to a new home.
 He had earned a lot of money.
 She had appeared in the exam.
 He had lent me his book.
 They had bought a new car.
 You had gone before I reached.
 The patient had died before the doctor came.

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NEGATIVE SENTENCES:
 Subject + Auxiliary verb + NOT + Main verb + Object
 Subject + Had + Not + Past Participle + Object

Examples:

 He had not informed me about his illness.


 He had not finished his work.
 She had not applied for some job.
 They had not cleaned their room.
 I had not visited him.
 She had not bought new dresses for the wedding party.
 You had not helped him when he needed youy help.
 He had not met me when I was in the college.
 We had not finished our work when he came here.
 I had not told him the truth when he asked me.

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES:
 Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb + Object
 Had + Subject + Past Participle + Object

Examples:

 Had you completed your task?


 Had he prepared himself for the exam?
 Had she prepared some food for the kids?
 Had I thought about my future?
 Has he appeared in the exam?
 Has she waited for you?
 Had you bought a calculator before you attempted exam of mathematics?
 Had you taken medicine when you were ill?
 Had she watered the plant before it dried?
 Had they quit smoking when doctor advised them?

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 Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Progressive tense is used to describe an ongoing action that started in past and continued for some time in
past. It expresses continued nature of an action that started and stopped at some point in the past. The sentence
includes a ‘time-reference’ to show that when the action started in past or for how long the action was continued in
past.

For time-reference of the action, two specific words ‘since’ and ‘for’ are used in the sentence. The word ‘since’ is used if
the exact starting time (e.g. Friday, since 10 A.M) of the action is known or intended to be shown in the sentence. The
word ‘for’ is used to express the amount of time (e.g. for five hours, for nine months) for which the action was
continued.

Structure of Sentence:
Main Verb: Present Participle (base form verb + ing) e.g. waiting, drinking, looking.
Auxiliary verbs: Had Been

POSITIVE SENTENCES:

 Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main Verb + Object + time-reference


 Subject + Had been + Present Participle (base form of verb + ing) + Object + Time-reference

Examples:

 She had been watching the movie for two hours.


 She had been studying in that university since 2008.
 They were playing football since 10 O’clock.
 He had been working for a Newspaper for five years.
 They had been running their business since 1987.
 She had been waiting for you since Wednesday.
 They had been studying for exam for three months.
 She had been teaching student since 23rd July 2006.
 I had been applying for jobs since December 2012.
 She has been trying to qualify her exams since 15th March 2009.

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NEGATIVE SENTENCES:
 Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main Verb + Object + time-reference
 Subject + Had not been + Present Participle + Object + Time-reference

Examples:

 They had not been doing their work since 2003.


 He had not been eating vegetables for three years.
 She had not been cleaning her home since January 2013.
 Kid had not been drinking milk for five months.
 He had not taking medicine for six months.
 I had not been listening to music since Thursday.
 She had not been trying to get job since 2001.
 You had not been reading this book for ten months.
 He had not been playing chess since 4 O’clock?
 The boys had not been watching television for three weeks.

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES:
 Had + Subject + Been + Present Participle + Object + Time-reference

Examples:

 Had they been working on their project since 2005?


 Had she been waiting for her husband for one year?
 Had he been eating vegetable for seven months?
 Had he been using the same car since 2004?
 Had I been using my camera since 15th September, 2009?
 Had you been helping your parent for two years?
 Had we been going to school since 10th May, 1995?
 Had the kid been watching cartoon for eight days?
 Had the baby been crying for one hour?
 Had she been singing songs since 8 O'Clock?
 Had he been working in a hospital since 2001?
 Had they been playing football for five hours?

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 Future Simple Tense
Future Simple Tense is used to express an action that will occur or happen in the future. It is used to describe an action
which will happen in near or far future after being said about it by the speaker.

Structure of Sentence

Main Verb: Base or 1st form of verb


Auxiliary verbs: “will”

POSITIVE SENTENCES:
 Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main Verb + Object
 Subject + Will + Base or 1st form of verb + Object

Examples:

 He will come here tomorrow.


 She will buy a laptop at the end of this month.
 She will take her exam at the end of this year.
 I will meet him in his office tomorrow.
 We will shift to a new home the next month.
 I will give him a nice gift.
 They will send us a mail.
 He will marry her the next month.
 He will give me a book as a gift on my birthday.
 He will go to England in the next week.
 She will get admission in a new school.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES:
 Subject + Auxiliary verb + NOT + Main Verb + Object
 Subject + Will + NOT + Base form of verb + Object

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Examples:

 He will not buy a car.


 She will not come to college.
 They will not play Cricket.
 I will not go university tomorrow.
 He will not study this book.
 You will not need any help.
 They will not solve the problem.
 Student will not appear in the exam this year.
 They will not help you.
 He will not sing a song.

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES:
 Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main Verb + Object
 Will + Subject + Base form of verb + Object

Examples:

 Will they send him an invitation card?


 Will she marry him?
 Will they buy a new chair?
 Will you help me?
 Will he call me tomorrow?
 Will she bring some fruits for the guest.
 Will you come here?
 Will he go to office tomorrow?
 Will they go to America the next year?
 Will they plan about starting a business?
 Will he meet me tomorrow?
 Will you bring some fruits for me?
 Will they go to London the next year?
 Will he start a new job?

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 Future Continuous Tense
Future Continuous Tense is used to express an on-going or continued action which will occur at some time in the future.
It expresses future actions having an on-going nature – that is expected to start in future and continue for a period of
time in future.

This tense is also called 'Future Progressive Tense'.

Structure of Sentence
Main Verb: Present participle (Base or 1st form of verb + ing) e.g. writing, running, drinking.
Auxiliary verbs: will be

POSITIVE SENTENCES:
 Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main Verb + Object
 Subject + Will be + Present Participle (1st form of verb + ing) + Object

Examples:

 They will be making preparations for their exams.


 He will be feeling good tomorrow.
 She will be singing a song for the audience.
 They will be playing football in the play ground.
 I will be writing a report.
 He will be planning about his studies.
 You will be working as an Engineer in that organization.
 Students will be learning new lessons next year.
 He will be expecting good behavior from you.
 He will be coming here.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES:
 Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main Verb + Object
 Subject + Will NOT be + Present Participle (1st form of verb + ing) + Object

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Examples:

 They will not be working there.


 He will not be listening to the music.
 She will not be watching a program on television.
 You will not be washing your clothes.
 I will be buying a new cup.
 They will not be getting salary for their job.
 He will not be helping you.
 She will not be going to school.
 We will not be enjoying without you.
 She will not be feeling good due to her illness.

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES:
 Will + Subject + Be + Present Participle + Object

Examples:

 Will you be helping the people?


 Will he be taking his exams?
 Will she be buying new dresses for her wedding?
 Will they be playing chess?
 Will he be waiting for me?
 Will he be using his computer?
 Will she be writing an essay in the exam?
 Will the kids be making a noise?
 Will the boys be eating their meals?
 Will you be preparing yourself for the test?
 Will you be singing a song?
 Will they be flying a kite?
 Will the boys be dancing?
 Will you be cooking some food?

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 Future Perfect Tense
Future Perfect Tense is used to express an action which, the speaker assumes, will have completed or occurred in the
future. It gives a sense of completion of a task that will happen in the future.

e.g. The patient will have recovered from illness by the next month.

This tense is also sometimes used to express completion of an action in future before another activity happens.

e.g. She will have learnt the Chinese before she moves to China.

Structure of Sentence:

 Main Verb: Past participle (3rd form of a verb)


 Auxiliary verbs: Will have”

POSITIVE SENTENCES:
 Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb + Object
 Subject + Will have + Past participle (3rd form of verb) + Object

Examples:

 He will have completed his project by Saturday.


 They will have enjoyed party.
 She will have bought a new laptop.
 I will have taken my breakfast.
 The kids will have played football in the school.
 He would have finished his task.
 He would have taken admission in the college.
 You will have completed you report.
 She will have started a new job.
 He will have taken the test.

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NEGATIVE SENTENCES:

 Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main verb + Object


 Subject + Will NOT have + Past participle + Object

Examples:

 He will have not reached his home.


 She will have not come here.
 They will have not written application for leave.
 You will have not enjoyed the gathering.
 She will have not brought her papers.
 The boys will have not eaten their food.
 They will have not seen us.
 He will have not received the letter.
 She will have applied for the post.
 We will have gone to our home.

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES:
 Will + Subject + Have + Past participle + Object

Examples:

 Will they have helped his friend?


 Will he have made a plan for his studies?
 Will she have gone to America?
 Will they have completed their work easily?
 Will you have written me a letter?
 Will he have taken admission in a school?
 Will she have started her journey?
 Will they have constructed a new home?
 Will they have announced the result of the test?
 Will she have participated in the song competition?
 Will they have bought a new car?
 Will he have written a poem?
 Will she have reached her home?
 Will she have brought some vegetables?

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 Future Perfect Continuous Tense
This tense is used to describe an ongoing action that will complete in future. It is used to express the ongoing nature of
an action with regards to its continuation towards a point in future. The action is assumed to be continued for a time
(specified or unspecified) in future.

A ‘time-reference’ is used in the sentence to show starting time of the action or for how long the action continues.

For time-reference of the action, two specific words ‘since’ and ‘for’ are used in the sentence. The word ‘since’ is used if
the exact starting time (e.g. Friday, since 10 A.M) of the action is known or intended to be shown in the sentence. The
word ‘for’ is used to express the amount of time (e.g. for five hours, for nine months) for which the action continued
towards a point in future.

Structure of Sentence:
Main Verb: Present Participle (Base or 1st form of verb + ing) e.g. going, living working.
Auxiliary verb: Will have been

POSITIVE SENTENCES
 Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main Verb + Object + Time-reference
 Subject + Will have been + Present Participle (1st form of verb + ing) + Object + time-reference

Examples:

 They will have been living in Paris for five years.


 The Kid will have been sleeping since 10 PM.
 The doctor will have been treating patients for two years.
 He will have been reading this book since 10 AM.
 He will be working as an engineer in this factory since January.
 We will have been starting your business since May.
 You will have been using my computer for five months.
 She will have been singing songs for three hours.
 They will have been discussing about the issue for five days.
 They will have been writing essays for two hours.

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NEGATIVE SENTENCES:

 Subject + Auxiliary verb + Main Verb + Object + Time-reference


 Subject + Will NOT have been + Present Participle (1st form of verb + ing) + Object + time-eference

Examples:
 He will not have been working in the factory for six months.
 She will not have been playing games since November.
 They will not have been using this car since March.
 The company will not have been advertising posts for two years.
 He will not have been listening to music for nine hours.
 She will not have been washing her dresses since June.
 I will not haven waiting for you for four hours.
 He will not have been running his business since April.
 She will not have been living here for five years.

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES:
 Will + Subject + Have been + Present Participle (1st form of verb + ing) + Object

Examples:
 Will he have been loving her for five years?
 Will she have been studying in the new college since December?
 Will they have been working in this factory since June?
 Will the kids have been making a noise for three hours?
 Will they have been using their phone since Tomorrow?
 Will you have been eating vegetables for three months.
 Will she have been singing songs since Monday?
 Will he have been taking medicine for his illness since Friday?
 Will I have writing essays for Newspaper since Monday?
 Will she have been teaching the kids since Morning?

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‫ونسٹوریغہیکرضورتوہوتآپامہریاسٹیئرپکمینٹ‬،‫رپیپز‬،‫ارگآوکپیسکیھباتکب‬
‫رکںیایںیمہایلیمرکںی۔امہراسیف ک ُبرگوپوجانئرکںیایامہراسیفکبجیپالکیئ‬
‫رکںی۔‬

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