印度尼西亚

雅加达-芝坎贝高架桥工程
JAKARTA TO CIKAMPEK II ELEVATED TOLL
ROAD INDONESIA

60m 钢梁施工阶段
受力分析
CONSTRUCTION STAGE ANALYSIS OF 60M
SIMPLE SPAN STEEL GIRDER

二零一七年七月
JULY, 2017
 目录 CONTENTS
1 工程概况 PROJECT OVERVIEW .............................................................................. 1
2 钢梁在自重作用下的受力分析 STEEL GIRDER STRESS ANALYSIS UNDER THE
ACTION OF SELFWEIGHT ............................................................................................ 1
2.1 60M 简支钢梁方案 60M SIMPLE SPAN STEEL GIRDER SCHEME .............................. 1
2.2 有限元模型 FEA MODELLING ............................................................................... 2
2.3 有限元分析结果 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS RESULTS ......................................... 4
2.4 计算结论 CALCULATION CONCLUSIONS................................................................. 6
3 钢梁在混凝土模板作用下的受力分析 STEEL GIRDER STRESS ANALYSIS UNDER
THE ACTION OF CONCRETE FORMWORK .................................................................... 7
3.1 模板原设计方案 ORIGINAL FORMWORK DESIGN SCHEME .................................... 7
3.2 有限元模型 FEA MODELLING ............................................................................... 8
3.3 有限元分析结果 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS RESULTS ......................................... 9
3.4 计算结论 CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................... 11
3.5 模板优化方案一 FORMWORK OPTIMIZED SCHEME 1 .......................................... 12
3.6 模板优化方案二 FORMWORK OPTIMIZED SCHEME 2 .......................................... 13
4 钢梁在桥面板湿重作用下的受力分析 STEEL GIRDER STRESS ANALYSIS UNDER
THE ACTION OF WET CONCRETE SLAB ...................................................................... 15
4.1 桥面板方案 DECK SLAB DESIGN SCHEME ........................................................... 15
4.2 有限元模型 FEA MODELLING ........................................................................... 15
4.3 有限元分析结果 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS RESULTS ....................................... 16
4.4 计算结论 CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................... 18
5 钢梁施工阶段受力分析结论 STRESS ANALYSIS RESULTS OF STEEL GIRDER DURING
CONSTRUCTION STAGE............................................................................................. 18

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印度尼西亚雅加达-芝坎佩高架桥工程 60m 钢梁施工阶段受力分析

1 工程概况 Project Overview

60m 简支跨径钢混组合梁，采用先 For the 60m simple span steel concrete
composite girder, the construction
架设钢梁，后现浇桥面板的施工工序。
sequences are to erect steel girder first,
then to cast concrete slab in-situ.
本次报告模拟钢梁在施工过程中受 Structural behaviors of the steel girder
力状态，包含钢梁自重作用、桥面板模 during different construction stages are
analyzed in this report. The following
板作用和混凝土桥面板湿重作用下的变 three stages are included in the report:
形和应力。根据计算结果，提出了 2 种 only the steel girder selfweight, with
concrete slab formwork and adding wet
模板优化方案，以减少其对钢梁的局部 concrete weight. According to the
变形影响。 calculation results, two optimized schemes
are provided to reduce the impact that
formwork has on steel girder’s local
deformation.

2 钢梁在自重作用下的受力分析 Structural Analysis of Steel Girder

Under the Action of Selfweight

2.1 60m 简支钢梁方案 60m Simple Span Steel Girder Scheme

a)立面图 Elevation

b)平面图 Plan

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印度尼西亚雅加达-芝坎佩高架桥工程 60m 钢梁施工阶段受力分析

c)横断面 Cross-section
图 2-1 钢梁设计方案（mm）
Figure 2-1 Steel Girder Design Scheme (mm)

2.2 有限元模型 Finite Element Modelling

（1）分析软件：MIDAS FEA (1) Analysis software: MIDAS FEA
(2) Element type:
（2）选用单元：钢梁使用 shell 单元， Steel girder: shell element
Top lateral bracing and diagonal
平联和斜撑采用 beam 单元
bracing: beam element
（3）边界条件：一端简支、一端滑动 (3) Boundary conditions: one end simply
supported and one end sliding
（4）组合系数：1.0 (4) Load combination factor: 1.0

a.全桥有限元模型 Whole Bridge FE Model

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印度尼西亚雅加达-芝坎佩高架桥工程 60m 钢梁施工阶段受力分析

b.局部细节 1 Local Details 1

c.局部细节 2 Local Details 2

图 2-2 钢梁有限元分析模型
Figure 2-2 FE Model of the Steel Girder

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印度尼西亚雅加达-芝坎佩高架桥工程 60m 钢梁施工阶段受力分析

2.3 有限元分析结果 Finite Element Analysis Results

图 2-3 全桥竖向变形挠度（最大 76mm）

Figure 2-3 Whole Bridge Vertical Deflection (max. 76mm)

图 2-4 跨中区域底板 x=23m，35m 处竖向位移（71.71mm）

Figure 2-4 Vertical Displacement of Bottom Plate at x=23m, 35m (71.71mm)

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印度尼西亚雅加达-芝坎佩高架桥工程 60m 钢梁施工阶段受力分析

图 2-5 全桥纵向应力分布图（MPa）
Figure 2-5 Whole Bridge Logitudinal Stress Distribution Graph (MPa)

图 2-6 跨中断面纵向应力分布图（MPa）
Figure 2-6 Logitudinal Stress Distribution at Midspan Cross-section (MPa)

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印度尼西亚雅加达-芝坎佩高架桥工程 60m 钢梁施工阶段受力分析

图 2-7 跨中断面试验测量点应力（MPa）
Figure 2-7 Stress of Load Testing Measure Points on Midspan Cross-section (MPa)

2.4 计算结论 Calculation Conclusions

表 2-1 FEA 应力计算结果（跨中断面）
Table 2-1 FEA Stress Analysis Results (Midspan Cross-section)
ACTUAL
MODEL MODEL
LOADING
STRESS CALCULATION MID CALCULATION
TEST MID
SECT(FEA) MID SECT(CIVIL)
SECT
COMPRESS -59.27MPa -47.23 -63.75Mpa
TENSION 44.72MPa 44.27 46.05Mpa

表 2-2 FEA 挠度计算结果

Table 2-2 FEA Deflection Results
MODEL ACTUAL MODEL
DEFLECTION CALCULATION LOADING CALCULATION
（FEA） TEST （CIVIL）
X = 23m -71.7mm -61.00mm -75.00mm
X = 35m -71.7mm -60.00mm -75.00mm

从表 2-1 和 2-2 的计算结果可知， According to the analysis results shown in

Table 2-1 and 2-2, FEA and CIVIL
FEA 与 CIVIL 计算结果吻合较好。 analysis results are basically the same.

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印度尼西亚雅加达-芝坎佩高架桥工程 60m 钢梁施工阶段受力分析

3 钢梁在混凝土模板作用下的受力分析 Structural Analysis of Steel

Girder Under the Action of Concrete Formwork

3.1 模板原设计方案 Original Formwork Design Scheme

a)断面图 Cross-section

b)平面图 Plan
图 3-1 模板原设计方案（mm）
Figure 3-1 Original Formwork Design Scheme (mm)

3-2 挑臂模板对钢梁上翼缘和腹板的作用力
Figure 3-2 Forces Acting on Steel Girder Top Flanges and Webs by Overhang Formwork

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印度尼西亚雅加达-芝坎佩高架桥工程 60m 钢梁施工阶段受力分析

方案特点： Scheme features：

(1)支架下部斜撑水平力作用在钢梁腹部 (1) The transverse force induced by the
inclined strut of formwork bracket is
中部，将会导致腹部局部变形过大。 undertaken by the middle of the steel
girder webs, which will cause large local
deformation at webs.
(2)支架上部作用在钢梁上翼缘，将会导 (2) Upper part of formwork and bracket
致钢梁扭转变形。 are supported by steel girder top flanges,
which will cause torsion deformation of
steel girder.
3.2 有限元模型 FE Model
（1）分析软件：MIDAS FEA (1) Analysis software: MIDAS FEA
(2) Element type:
（2）选用单元：钢梁使用 shell 单元， Steel girder: shell element
Top lateral bracing and diagonal
平联和斜撑采用 beam 单元
bracing: beam element
（3）边界条件：一端简支、一端滑动 (3) Boundary conditions: one end simply
supported and one end sliding
（4）组合系数：1.0 (4) Load combination factor: 1.0

a.全桥有限元模型 Whole Bridge FE Model

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印度尼西亚雅加达-芝坎佩高架桥工程 60m 钢梁施工阶段受力分析

b.局部细节 Local Details

图 3-3 有限元分析模型
Figure 3-3 FE Model

3.3 有限元分析结果 Finite Element Analysis Results

图 3-4 腹板侧向位移云图（mm）
Figure 3-4 Web Transverse Displacement Contour Plot (mm)

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印度尼西亚雅加达-芝坎佩高架桥工程 60m 钢梁施工阶段受力分析

图 3-5 上缘横桥向位移图（mm）
Figure 3-5 Transverse Displacement of Top Flange (mm)

图 3-6 跨中断面横桥向位移图（mm）
Figure 3-6 Transverse Displacement of Midspan Cross-section (mm)

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印度尼西亚雅加达-芝坎佩高架桥工程 60m 钢梁施工阶段受力分析

图 3-7 跨中断面竖向位移图（mm）
Figure 3-7 Vertical Displacement of Midspan Cross-section (mm)

3.4 计算结论 Conclusions

(1) The spacing between formwork
（1）混凝土模板横向支撑间距大，使得
brackets is large, which will lead to large
支撑内力集中较为明显，从而导致钢梁 sectional force in the inclined strut of
formwork bracket. Hence large local
腹板局部变形过大，最大为 13.2mm。 deformation at steel girder webs will
occur, with the maximum deformation
13.2mm.
（2）施工过程中，单片钢梁将会受到不 (2) During construction, single steel
girder will be subject to torsion effect
对称混凝土桥面板的自重产生的扭转作 caused by unsymmetrical concrete slab
selfweight. And the torsional rigidity of
用，而开口截面钢梁抗扭刚度较小，因
steel girder with an open cross section is
此将会产生扭转变形。 small, therefore torsional deformation will
occur.
（3）由于混凝土桥面板的限制，施工过 (3) Due to the constraints of concrete
slab, the induced steel girder deformation
程中产生的钢梁变形将不可恢复，改变
during construction stage is not
了钢梁的受力状态，影响结构安全。 recoverable. Therefore, the stress state of
steel girder is changed and may influence
the structural safety.

综上，提出两种优化方案，已减小 From above, two optimized schemes are

provided to reduce unfavorable
施工过程中对钢梁的不利变形。优化方 deformation of steel girder during
construction stage. Optimized scheme 1:
案一：改变斜撑位置，增加横向支撑； Changing the positions of inclined strut of
formwork bracket, and adding bottom
优化方案二：梁上移动模板支撑方案。
lateral bracing. Optimized scheme 2:
Mobile formwork on the girder.

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印度尼西亚雅加达-芝坎佩高架桥工程 60m 钢梁施工阶段受力分析

3.5 模板优化方案一 Formwork Optimized Scheme 1

a)断面图 Cross-section

b)平面图 Plan
图 3-8 模板设计优化方案一（mm）
Figure 3-8 Formwork Optimized Scheme 1 (mm)

图 3-9 优化方案一实桥照片
Figure 3-9 Optimized Scheme 1-Reference Project Picture

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印度尼西亚雅加达-芝坎佩高架桥工程 60m 钢梁施工阶段受力分析

优化内容和特点如下： Optimized contents:

（1）支架下部斜撑作用点移动到钢箱梁 (1) Move the action point of the inclined

strut of formwork bracket to the steel
底板附近，消除了腹板水平力，减小了 girder bottom plate, which will eliminate
the transverse force on web, and reduce
腹板的不均匀变形。 non-uniform deformation of webs.
（2）通过增加钢梁底部的横向支撑，与 (2) Concrete slab and the added lateral
bracing at the bottom of steel girder will
混凝土桥面板形成抗扭整体框架，提高 form an integral frame that has torsional
了钢梁的抗扭刚度，减小了扭转变形。 resistance, which will increase torsional
rigidity of steel girder and reduce torsional
deformation.
（3）由于支架斜撑间距较大，局部受力 (3) Local stress is too big due to the large
longitudinal spacing between formwork
仍然较大，因此，钢梁横向和扭转不利 brackets, therefore, the unfavorable
transverse and torsional deformation will
变形不会完全消除。
not be completely eliminated.

3.6 模板优化方案二 Formwork Optimized Scheme 2

图 3-10 模板设计优化方案二（mm）
Figure 3-10 Formwork Optimized Scheme 2 (mm)

图 3-11 优化方案二：移动支架施工照片
Figure 3-11 Optimized Scheme 2: Mobile Formwork during Construction

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印度尼西亚雅加达-芝坎佩高架桥工程 60m 钢梁施工阶段受力分析

图 3-12 优化方案二：移动支架结构示意图
Figure 3-12 Optimized Scheme 2: Sketch of A Mobile Formwork

优化内容和特点如下： Optimized contents:

（1）桥面板模板支架荷载仅为竖向 (1) The loads from concrete slab formwork

are only vertical forces, which only
力，仅产生竖向变形，对现有钢梁无横 induces vertical deformation and will not
have unfavorable transverse and torsional
向和扭转作用，对钢梁不会产生任何不 actions on steel girder.
利变形。
（2）梁上行走的移动支架，施工便 (2) The mobile formwork on the girder
will lead to easy construction. The
捷，模板随上部桁架同步移动，减少了 formwork will move simultaneously with
the upper truss, which will reduce the
搭设模板和拆除模板工序，节约了工期。 procedures of erecting and removing
formwork. And construction period will be
reduced in this way.
（3）可以通过增加多台移动支架同
(3) The construction speed of cast-in-situ
步施工的方式，加快混凝土桥面板的施 concrete slab will be increased by
adopting several sets of mobile formwork
工进度。 and conducting work at the same time.
因此，混凝土桥面板推荐采优化方 Therefore, optimized scheme 2 is
recommended for the construction of
案二。 concrete slab.

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印度尼西亚雅加达-芝坎佩高架桥工程 60m 钢梁施工阶段受力分析

4 钢梁在桥面板湿重作用下的受力分析 Structural Analysis of Steel

Girder under the Action of Wet Concrete Slab

4.1 桥面板方案 Deck Slab Design Scheme

图 4-1 现浇桥面板横断面（mm）
Figure 4-1 Cross-section of Cast-in-situ Concrete Slab (mm)

4.2 有限元模型 FE Model

（1）分析软件：MIDAS FEA (1) Analysis software: MIDAS FEA

（2）选用单元：钢梁使用 shell 单元， (2) Element type:

Steel girder: shell element
平联和斜撑采用 beam 单元
Top lateral bracing and bracket bracing:
（3）边界条件：一端简支、一端滑动 beam element
（4）荷载组合：1.0 钢梁自重 (3) Boundary conditions: one end simply
supported and one end sliding
+1.0 混凝土湿重
(4) Load combination: 1.0 steel girder
selfweight + 1.0 wet concrete weight
（5）混凝土湿重：24kN/m2
(5) Wet Concrete Weight: 24 kN/m2

图 4-2 有限元模型
Figure 4-2 FEA Modelling

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印度尼西亚雅加达-芝坎佩高架桥工程 60m 钢梁施工阶段受力分析

4.3 有限元分析结果 Finite Element Analysis Results

图 4-3 全桥竖向位移图（mm）
Figure 4-3 Whole Bridge Vertical Displacement Graph (mm)

图 4-4 跨中区域底板 x=23m，35m 处竖向位移（mm）

Figure 4-4 Vertical Displacements of Bottom Plate at x=23m, 35m (mm)

图 4-5 全桥纵向应力分布（MPa）
Figure 4-5 Whole Bridge Logitudinal Stress Distribution (MPa)

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印度尼西亚雅加达-芝坎佩高架桥工程 60m 钢梁施工阶段受力分析

图 4-6 跨中断面纵向应力分布（MPa）
Figure 4-6 Logitudianal Stress Distribution in Midspan Cross-section (MPa)

图 4-7 底板跨中纵向应力分布（MPa）
Figure 4-7 Logitudinal Stress Distribution in Midspan Bottom Plate (MPa)

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印度尼西亚雅加达-芝坎佩高架桥工程 60m 钢梁施工阶段受力分析

图 4-8 上缘跨中纵向应力分布（MPa）
Figure 4-8 Longitudinal Stress Distribution of Upper Bridge in Midspan (MPa)

4.4 计算结论 Conclusions

从计算结果可以得出: According to the analysis results:

在钢梁自重与桥面板湿重作用下， Under the actions of steel girder

selfweight and wet concrete weight, the
x=23m 处 的 底 板 竖 向 位 移 平 均 值 为 average vertical displacement of bottom
plate at x=23m is 322.3mm, the average
322.3mm，x=35m 处的底板竖向位移平 vertical displacement of bottom plate at
均 值 为 322mm 。 跨 中 底 板 拉 应 力 在 x=35m is 322mm. Tension stress of
bottom plate in midspan is between
192MPa~203MPa 之间，上缘压应力在 192MPa and 203MPa, compression stress
of upper flange is between -220MPa and
-220MPa~-305MPa 之间。 -305MPa.

5 钢梁施工阶段受力分析 结论 Conclusions on Construction Stage

Analysis of Steel Girder
从计算结果可以得知: According to the analysis results:

（1）施工过程中，钢梁采用 midas (1) For construction stage analysis, the

analysis results of whole bridge FEA
FEA 全桥有限元模型计算结果与采用 modelling and that of midas civil
modelling (adopting beam element) are
midas civil 梁单元模型计算结果基本吻 basically the same. The value difference is
合，相差较小。 little.

（2）施工过程中，钢梁的应力均小于 (2) The steel girder stress during different

construction stages is less than steel’s

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印度尼西亚雅加达-芝坎佩高架桥工程 60m 钢梁施工阶段受力分析

屈服强度，满足规范要求 yielding strength, which satisfies the

standard’s requirements.

（3）混凝土桥面板模板推荐采用优化 (3) As to the concrete slab formwork,

optimized scheme 2 (mobile formwork on
方案二的梁上移动模板支撑方案，以消 the girder) is recommended to eliminate
unfavorable deformation of steel girder
除钢梁施工过程中不利变形，确保结构 during construction and to ensure
structural safety.
安全。

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