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Empirical Equations For Pressure Drop In Crude Oil And White Oil
Pipelines
27 August 2012
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For newcomers to pressure drop calculations the references provided for Darcy-Weisbach and Moody's chart below could be great starting points:
http://en.wikipedia....isbach_equation
http://en.wikipedia....iki/Moody_chart
Today's blog entry is related to some empirical equations for pressure drop calculations in Crude Oil & Petroleum products (Gasoline, Naphtha, Kerosene) pipelines. Let
us get to the equations straight away:
Shell-MIT Equation - Pressure Drop in Heavy Crude Oil & Heated Liquid Pipelines (USC Units)
R = 92.24*Q / (v*Di)
where:
Rm = R / 7742
where:
Pressure Drop
Pm = 0.241*f*Sg*Q2 / Di5
where:
Laminar Flow:
f = 0.00207 / Rm
Turbulent Flow:
Shell-MIT Equation - Pressure Drop in Heavy Crude Oil & Heated Liquid Pipelines (Metric Units)
R = 353,678*Q / (v*Di)
where:
Q = Flow Rate, m3 / h
Rm = R / 7742
where:
Pressure Drop
Pm = 6.2191E10*f*Sg*Q2 / Di5
where:
Laminar Flow:
f = 0.00207 / Rm
Turbulent Flow:
Pm = (Q*µ0.104*Sg0.448 / (0.871*K*Di2.656))1.812
where:
µ = Liquid Viscosity, cP
T R Aude Equation - Pressure Drop in Refined Petroleum Products (Gasoline, Naphtha, Kerosene) Pipelines (6" & 8" line size only) (Metric units)
Pm = 8.888E8*(Q*µ0.104*Sg0.448 / (0.871*K*Di2.656))1.812
where:
Q = flow rate, m3 / h
µ = Liquid Viscosity, cP
It is important to note that these equations cannot be generalized for any liquid flow and are specifically meant for the liquids mentioned in the titles of these equations.
Also note that the T. R. Aude equation is targeted for 6" & 8" pipelines for white oil products. Apparently these equations were developed for specific products, line sizes
and for long distance pipelines and would provide more accurate pressure drop values than the Darcy-Weisbach equation for pipe friction loss. The interpretation behind
these equations being more accurate would be based on their being developed based on actual field tests for the mentioned liquids and line sizes. An important thing to
note for liquid transmission in long-distance pipelines is that, the liquid density and viscosity is not constant along the entire length of the pipeline. Another aspect of
long-distance pipeline transmission of liquids is that, liquids generally considered to be incompressible, are not so over the long transmission distances encountered in
pipelines. In fact for pipeline transmission of liquids, liquids are considered to be partially compressible which would explain the development of these empirical
equations.
If high accuracy is not a pre-requisite for pressure drop calculations for the mentioned liquids and line sizes then my advice to all would be to use the Darcy-Weisbach
equation which should provide conservative pressure drop values.
Hope to get quite a few comments on this blog entry from the readers of my blog.
Regards,
Ankur.
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Thanks Ankur!
This is useful!
sheiko
Aug 27 2012 02:20 PM
Thank so much Mr. Ankur, your posts are really useful, specially for Excel sheets. Greetings from Mexico.
JAVilleg
Aug 27 2012 05:26 PM
Thanks Ankur
Emad Elgebesy
Aug 28 2012 08:56 AM
darwish The shell-MIT equation does not need the length of the pipeline in question, where conventional approaches (Darcy-Weir) require a length
Sep 05 2012 02:07 PM parameter. I made a quick spreadsheet comparing the two equations and it seems that the pressure drop calculation results vary significantly
when compared to the Darcy-Weirbash approach.
The pressure drops are not in agreement unless the length parameter in the Darcy equation is above 9000 m or 9 km.
Darwish,
ankur2061 Th Shell-MIT equation is for a unit length of either 1 mile (USC units) or 1 km (Metric Units), hence there is no length parameter in the
Sep 06 2012 01:18 AM equation.
While the Darcy-Wiesbach is a generalized pressure drop equation with friction factor derived from the Moody's chart for circular conduits the
Shell-MIT equation is specifically developed for heavy crude oil (high viscosity) long-distance pipelines.
As I mentioned if you are looking for accurate pressure drop over long-distance heavy crude oil pipelines than Shell-MIT should give the more
accurate results.
Regards,
Ankur.
greengeek Can you post some correlations for Bitumen and Fuel oil too?
Sep 20 2012 10:44 PM
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