Ports and Harbours Assignment

1. Vessel - water-borne vehicles including ships, boats, hovercraft and

submarines.
2. Fender - is a bumper used to absorb the kinetic energy of a boat or vessel
berthing against a jetty, quay wall or other vessel. Fenders, used on all types
of vessels, from cargo ships to cruise ships, ferries and personal yachts,
prevent damage to vessels and berthing structures.
3. Seiche - a standing wave in an enclosed or partially enclosed body of
water. Seiches and seiche-related phenomena have been observed on
lakes, reservoirs, swimming pools, bays, harbours and seas.
4. Berth/Berthing - a designated location in a port or harbour used for mooring
vessels when they are not at sea. Berths provide a vertical front which allows
safe and secure mooring that can then facilitate the unloading or loading
of cargo or people from vessels.
5. Mooring - refers to any permanent structure to which a vessel may be
secured. Examples include quays, wharfs, jetties, piers, anchor buoys, and
mooring buoys. A ship is secured to a mooring to forestall free movement
of the ship on the water. An anchor mooring fixes a vessel's position relative
to a point on the bottom of a waterway without connecting the vessel to
shore. As a verb, mooring refers to the act of attaching a vessel to a
mooring.
6. Wharf - A wharf is a platform built on the shore that extends over the surface
of the water. On the wharf, you saw people preparing to set sail.
A wharf provides access for ships and boats that can pull up and dock
alongside it. In fact, wharfs are also called docks or piers. Wharfs are made
of wood and act like sidewalks, making it easy to people, cargo and
supplies to enter and leave a boat. As a verb, wharf means "to moor," or tie
the boat to the wharf and drop an anchor, or "to be given a place at the
wharf."
7. Groin - man-made structures designed to trap sand as it is moved down the
beach by the longshore drift. As the longshore drift current approaches the
groin, it is forced to slow down and change direction.
8. Apron - The open space left immediately in front of a berth of a ship
9. Armor - physical structures to protect shorelines from coastal erosion.
10. Storm surge - the rise in seawater level caused solely by a storm.
11. Breakwater - structures constructed near the coasts as part of coastal
management or to protect an anchorage from the effects of both weather
and longshore drift.
12. Backrush - the return of water seaward, down the foreshore of a beach,
following the uprush of a wave.
13. Bathymetry - the study of underwater depth of lake or ocean floors.
14. Beach - a landform alongside a body of water which consists of loose
particles. The particles composing a beach are typically made from rock,
such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, or cobblestones. The particles can
also be biological in origin, such as mollusc shells or coralline algae.
15. Bulkhead - a retaining wall, such as a bulkhead within a ship or a watershed
retaining wall. It may also be used in mines to contain flooding. Coastal
bulkheads are most often referred to as seawalls, bulkheading, or riprap
revetments. These manmade structures are constructed along shorelines
with the purpose of controlling beach erosion. Construction materials
commonly used include wood pilings, commercially developed vinyl
products, large boulders stacked to form a wall, or a seawall built of
concrete or another hard substance.
16. Buoy - a floating device that can have many purposes. It can be anchored
(stationary) or allowed to drift with ocean currents. The word, of Old French
or Middle Dutch origin, is in British English most commonly pronounced
/ˈbɔɪ/ (identical to boy, as in buoyant). In American English the
pronunciation is closer to "boo-ee."
17. Channel - a type of landform consisting of the outline of a path of relatively
shallow and narrow body of fluid, most commonly the confine of a river,
river delta or strait.
18. Delta - a landform that forms from deposition of sediment carried by a river
as the flow leaves its mouth and enters slower-moving or stagnant water.
This occurs where a river enters an ocean, sea, estuary, lake, reservoir, or
(more rarely) another river that cannot carry away the supplied sediment.
19. Eddy - the swirling of a fluid and the reverse current created when the fluid
is in a turbulent flow regime.
20. Ebb - the movement of the tide out to sea
21. Estuary - a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or
more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open
sea.
22. Gulf - a large bay surrounded by land that resembles an arm of an ocean
or a sea.
23. Jetty - a structure that projects from the land out into water. Often, "jetty"
refers to a walkway accessing the centre of an enclosed waterbody.
24. Quay - a structure on the shore of a harbor or on the bank of a river or
canal where ships may dock to load and unload cargo or passengers
25. Rip - a stretch of fast-flowing and rough water in the sea or in a river,
caused by the meeting of currents.
26. Swash - a turbulent layer of water that washes up on the beach after an
incoming wave has broken. The swash action can move beach materials
up and down the beach, which results in the cross-shore sediment
exchange
27. Swale - a low or hollow place, especially a marshy depression between
ridges.
28. Tombolo - a deposition landform in which an island is attached to the
mainland by a narrow piece of land such as a spit or bar. Once attached,
the island is then known as a tied island.
29. Dolphin - a structure for protecting the pier of a bridge or other structure
from collision with ships