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Protocol
Layer 3 Layer 3 Virtual Communication
3/2 interface 3/2 interface Abstraction
Layer 2 Layer 2 Transparency

2/1 interface 2/1 interface Layers and protocols

Layer 1 Layer 1 form network
architecture

Physical Medium
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Application Application
Presentation Presentation
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Transport Transport
Network Network
Datalink Datalink
Physical Physical
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•Physical Layer is the lowest layer and is concerned with wiring

and electrical standards.
• It provides an unreliable bit transmission/reception service
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Presentation
PH Data Presentation Layer
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Session Layer SH Data Session Layer

Transport Layer TH Data Transport Layer

Network Layer NH Data Network Layer

Data Link Layer DH Data Data Link Layer

Physical Layer Bits Physical Layer

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