Active Voice & Passive Voice Active Vs Passive Active Passive 6 Adoes B Bis done (by A) ‘We chose the plastic film to Plastic flm was chosen (by us! cover the microphone to cover the microphone t + Subject is unknown + To shift focus of subject To make it mote objective + To avoid responsibility Ty ER«Combine “To be” is very irregular: Present Tense Past Tense parson [I (Weare |v We 2% person | You Youare_|You You ‘Sperson [He she, itis | They ave [He, she, hwas | Ther -Past participles usually add “-ed” or ~ built, burnt presented, measured, -Irregular past principles must be memorized Tegular past principles r neve < re ee = &Remember Tense and Number ent ‘nis a pojectin git hours. Pa reay "nish three projects n eight nous. | niched a project insight hour. | ished tree projects in eight hours “Change into Passive “+ He opens the door, «The doors opened by him We set the table, The table is set by us “She pays.aletofmoney. let of money is paid by her 7. <8i/ - Loraw apie. ‘Apaueisaawbyne “They dont help you ‘You arenot helped bythem “He doesnt open the book. The book i nat opened by him + Youdo not wite the letter. The letter isnot written by youprereset en eer csi a Pm sie Aetw—stenon 9 fe mote| rer] —cnseen [ym feminine Ganges =I oo ORB 9 at “How about this? + He teaches English, «The child is eating baranas. She may wie alter. ‘The master punished the servant Somebody cooks meal every day. “They aro building a house + Isentthe report yesterday. She bought diamond neckiace. “aananas ar bong extn y tro csaa’y A ‘ry boston : -The servant was punished by the master. ~ Mua cotodoy sonore oy a Anaeatevons bata Thempotwnsemsetodey aumondnechac was gh yh ?yes Agreement & disagreement ‘Youre absolutely right ves, lagree. ‘That's @ good point Exact, ‘s¢.00 along with that. That's tue. You have a point there, “That's just what | was thinking +! couldnt agree more +l suppose soll guess so.NO 1 dont think so dont think thats a good idea, sl beg to difor ‘dont agree with yeu. slevagree ‘That's pot entrely true. son the convary.. ‘Yes, but don't youttirk.. sm not so sure about that ‘tc unjuct able to cay that. Summary Youle aosolutely ight Yes, agree ‘That's a goed point, Exact, 14 go along with that That's tru. sYouhave a point there. “That's just what | was thinking, ‘i coulant agree more, +I suppose soll guess 50, imsorry to disagree with you, but. ‘matrald | havetto eisagree. + con'tthink so. conf tink that’s 2 good idea bog to difer con't agree withyou sossgree ‘That net ental tus, On the contrary. ‘rm sorry to disagree with you, ut. se afraid have to dagr, but don't you think. ‘+ not so sue atout hat. se ujustiable to say that,Swimming is a harder than playing football. The book is better than the movie ADAPTATTION.Likes and dislikes Likes Tenjoy... Tlike... Love... Tadore... Tm crazy about Tm mad about...Dislikes T don't like.. T dislike... T hate... LT abhor... I can't bear... T can't stand.. T detest... T leathe... I'm mad about besketball, but I can't bear ice hockey. Ladore reading poetry, but I loathe doing the housework.If you neither like nor dislike something: "I don't mind doing the housework." Expressing a preference I'd much rather... (do) than... (do something else). T prefer... to. I think... is much more interesting than... I don't find... half as interesting as T like... better then...Expressing a preference I'd much rather... (do) than... (do something else). “Id rather walk than cycle" (followed by the base form of the verb) Iprefer... to... “| prefer walking to cycling” (followed ky the gerund the '-ing’ ending)Asking What do you think? Why do you think....? Whatis your view on....? Would you give me your opinion on....?Giving I think... I don't think... Itappears to me that. From my point of view, | personally believe/ consider/ feel.... If! had my view, | would... I would argue that ... Then, provide reason and evidence.Requesting & Offering BASIC CONCEPTS YW ‘Making requests is common in the work place, Every company is an organization, which means people work together and need each other. ‘Sometimes people give orders to their subordinates. But not everyone is ‘the ‘top’ manager. Most of time, people need others! assistance to do thelr jo ‘done by their counterparts. ‘Whenever you request people to render their service, provide information ‘or get things done, you don't want to offend them or ruin your relationships. Afterall, if people who can help you are upset with you, they may never get ‘your’ things done properly in time! So, the basic rule here is — Don't be offensive! Be polite!USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Direct VS Indirect + Get me those books. + Can you get me those books? + Could you please get me those books? * Do you think you could possibly get me those books, please? + am so sorry to trouble you. | wonder if you would mind getting me those books? What are they? Can Could will Shall Must Should Might May [must finish my work tonight,Structure of Modal Verbs ¥ V T You He Main verb/ Modal Verb make She Veuid. en Infinitive ie fem BROW Be) | Feherse 10) We They How do we use modals? Example: Mary can play the pianoForm Hecanski not -Hecans-skiorHecan skis. Would you like to come with me? : . ‘th me? They can’t be serious. tT 1 5 Form Modal verbs do not have infinitive: or ne forms Dan /eaning must /musting ‘Modal verbs are followed by en infinitive without to She must study. He could play football in his youth. (general ability) We should have gone the other way.Primary functions of modal verbs * Ability * CAN * Permission * MAY/ CAN * Prohibition + MUSTN'T / CANNOT * Prediction + WILL/ MAY * Obligation + MUST + Request; Offer + WOULD * Possibility * CAN / MIGHT MODALS OF POLITE REQUEST These are used for interrogative sentences. There are three possibilities: * (2) Can (informal). + (2) Could (formal). + (2) May (more formal) Ex: CAN you call me tonight? COULD you help me with the suitcase? MAY | join this team?MAKING POLITE REQUESTS + Idon’t suppose you could ..? * Would you do mea favor and...? + Iwonder if you could... * Would you mind...(+V-ing)? * Do you think you could possibly ...? + Is there any way you can...? + Would it be possible for you to ...? How to respond Informal + Sure. * Sure, here itis. * Sure, | can do that + No way * Sorry, | can’t Formal + Of course. * I would be glad to/ | would be happy to. + I'm afraid that might be not possible * I'm sorry but | can’t help you + Unfortunately, ....For offerings help Would you like me to... Shall bss? Shall | help you with your homework? Can I get you some juice? May I... May I get you a cup of tea? How to answer + Thank you, that would be great * Thank you very much * Yes, please * Yes, that would be lovely * It’s okay, | will do it myself * No, thank you, I can manage * No, thank you, I’m fineTHE SIMPLE RAST TENSE 2 ) 2 2 eee = Meaning & Use uForm (structure) mExercise Source: tp://wwwekau.edu.sa/GetFle-aspyid=1643798L ng=AR& fn-Simple%20Past.ppt Meaning & Use When do we use the Simple Past tense? = = We use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. =What are some common time expressions used with the past tense? h 1980 Jast oe = last year esterday. at2) BO 2 eee | ee 2 ee Exounples: | saw Maria yesterday. Last Friday, the students took their spelling and vocabulary tests. They got married two years ago. These actions are over, finished! HOW DO WE FORM THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE English has two types of verbs in the past tense: = taught irregular = walked regular m= Regular verbs = studied regular = Irregular verbs = gave _irregular Look at the following ™ became irregular list of past tense = cried regular verbs lay, "ved regular which verbs are regular, | 4. i and which are = did irregular irregular?Regular verbs are verbs that .... ...end with —ed P Simple Form Past Tense Walk walked Study studied Cry cried Live lived Irregular verbs are verbs that... . ..-DON'T end with -ed SOME IRREGULAR VERBS Have a vowel change in the past tense: = Simple Form Past Tense < become became RB give gave z drive drove s forget forgotOTHER L[RREGULAR VERBS Have a different kind of change: EXAMPLES: Simple Past o teach taught bring brought Leave left t& Hear heard Buy bought Celia bought a new computer last weekend. AND SOME IRREGULAR VERBS don't change at all... EXa Simple Past MRP LE 8: hit hit put put W ] set set \ \ y uy The children set the table every Sunday. The children set the table last nightFor regular verbs, simply use the -ed form of the verb in a positive sentence. When | was.a child! PEA VED the piano. (play) a. __ VISITED paris. (visit) Se se careful with spelling changes! For irregular verbs, use the correct past tense form in positive sentences. (wwe 1 the ame form with arent moja) Unfortunately, these forms must be memorized! Last week, | SENT you a letter. (send) wa = The students HEAD an English exam. (have @mi they DID a great job! (do)ASE FORM m OR DIDN'T (INEINITIVE) | went to work yesterday. mm | didn’t go to work yesterday. DID NOT VERE, + } oD 1D + sujet + HAE (INFINITIVE) a Did you go to work yesterday? = Did you come yesterday?Put the verbs (between brackets) into the correct form (simple past). Last year, | (spend) spent my holiday in Ireland. It (be) great. | (travel) around the city by car with two friends and we (visit) visited lots of interesting places. In the evenings, we usually (go) wentto a café. We (be) were very lucky with the weather. It (not /rain)_didn't rain a lot. We(see)_SA\W_some beautiful rainbows. I (have) -a xc an amazing holiday! EXCEPTION = VERB BE! The verb be is special. Never use DID NOT or DIDN'T with the verb BE. Instead, just use: Wwassnwor = WERE =|