Class # 12

Modal Auxiliary Verb-

Modal Auxi. Verb-¸‡jvi e¨envi ev¯—e Rxe‡bi e¨vcK cwim‡i AZ¨š—
¸i“Z¡c~Y©| Modal verb Gi mv‡_ KL‡bv s, es, ing, to hy³ nq bv| GwU
Zvi wbR¯^ MwZ‡Z 4 Styles-G cwiewZ©Z n‡e|

Teacher wKQy¶Y recap K‡i modal ¸wji

A_© chorus Kwi‡q BSP- †_‡K broad-G
structure ‡`wL‡q chorus Kwi‡q w`‡Z
n‡e| AZci finally process modal-‡`wL‡q
student ‡`i‡K dais-G drag Ki‡Z n‡e|

Structure - S + M + V (10-m.)

Can / May / Might (cviv)

Could(cviZvg)

S v
Will be able to(cvie)
Should(DwPZ)
Should have-pp(DwPZ
wQj)
Must(Aek¨B/e)
Had better(eis DwPZ)

Process Modal in Active: (30-m.) I can learn English at WINENG.

Process diagram-
1 Avwg/ Avgiv/ Zzwg
(8/10-times)
2 Avwg
Cadre

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3 Zzwg
Cadre 4 Zzwg

teacher-‡K ‡Lqvj Ki‡Z n‡e student-iv

†hb practice ¸‡jv bv wj‡L eis `yBRb
`yBRb gy‡LvgywL e‡m oral practice
K‡i| evmvq oral & written practice Ki‡e|

01. Zviv AvR GLv‡b Avm‡Z cv‡i / cviZ / cvi‡e / DwPr / DwPr wQj /
Aek¨B Avm‡e / eis DwPr|
02. ‡m Avgv‡K nq‡Zv fyj eyS‡Z (misunderstand) cv‡i|
03. GUv mgm¨vi m„wó Ki‡Z (create a problem) cviZ|
04. ‡m GB K‡j‡Ri QvÎ bvI n‡Z cv‡i |
05. GUv †Zvgv‡`i Rb¨ fvj bv-I n‡Z cv‡i|
06. Zvi Avcbvi Dci ivM Kiv (get angry) DwPZ|
07. ‡Kvb wØavØ›Ø QvovB (without any hesitation) MÖnY Ki‡Z cvie|
08. Zvi e³e¨ Avgv‡`i Rb¨ 1wU †cÖiYv (inspiration) nIqv DwPZ wQj |
09. GUv Avgv‡`i Rb¨ 1wU `„óvš— (example) n‡Z cv‡i|
10. GUv †Zvgvi Rb¨ DcKvix (helpful) n‡Z cv‡i|

S + Can’t but + V S + can’t help + V-ing-

Exercise: (10-m.)

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01. Avwg evsjv bv e‡j _vK‡Z cvwi bv| cvwiwb = couldn’t / cviebv
02. Avwg Bs‡iRx bv e‡j _vK‡Z cvwi bv = won’t
| cvwiwb / cviebv
03. Avwg mn¨ bv K‡i cvwibv (endure) | cvwiwb / cviebv
04. Avwg ‰`wbK 8/9 evi Pv bv †L‡q cvwiwb / cviebv
cvwi bv| cvwiwb / cviebv
05. Avwg Zv‡K bv e‡j cvwi bv | cv‡ibwb / cvi‡ebbv
06. wZwb bv wM‡q _vK‡Z cv‡ib bv| cvwiwb / cviebv
07. Avwg Zvi K_v bv ï‡b cvwi bv| cvwiwb / cviebv
08. ‡m bv †n‡m _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| wbjvg / cviebv
09. AvRKvj Avwg wbqwgZ Jla †meb bv K‡i cvwiwb / cviebv
_vK‡Z cvwi bv|
10. Avwg Zv‡K mvnvh¨ bv K‡i cvwi
bv|

Forms of Verbs – R-

Present Past PP
Run (†`Šov‡bv) Ran Run
Read (cov) Read Read
Rise (DVv) Rose Risen
Ride (mvB‡K‡j Pov) Rode Ridden
Ring (NÈv evRv‡bv) Rang Rung
Rescue (D×vi Kiv) Rescued Rescued
Resign (c`Z¨vM Kiv) Resigned Resigned
Receive (MÖnY Kiv) Received Received
Remove (AcmviY Kiv) Removed Removed
Reduce (Kgv‡bv) Reduced Reduced
Recite (Ave„wË Kiv) Recited Recited
Reach (†cuŠQv‡bv) Reached Reached
Reply (DËi †`qv) Replied Replied
Reserve (msi¶Y Kiv) Reserved Reserved
Risk (SzuwK †bqv) Risked Risked
Resume (cybivq ïi“ Kiv) Resumed Resumed
Repair (†givgZ Kiv) Repaired Repaired
Raid (nvbv †`qv) Raided Raided
Refine (weï× Kiv) Refined Refined
Refresh (m‡ZR Kiv) Refreshed Refreshed

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Restrain (weiZ ivLv) Restrained Restrained

Return (wd‡i Avmv) Returned Returned
Remember (¯§iY Kiv) Remembered Remembered
Roar (wPrKvi Kiv) Roared Roared
Roam (Ny‡i †eov‡bv) Roamed Roamed
Reject (cÖZ¨vLvb Kiv) Rejected Rejected
Repeat (cybive„wË Kiv) Repeated Repeated
Ruin (aŸsm Kiv) Ruined Ruined
Rely (wbf©i Kiv) Relied Relied
Rebuke (wZi¯‹vi Kiv) Rebuked Rebuked
Release (gyw³ †`Iqv) Released Released
Regret (cwiZvc Kiv) Regretted Regretted