Class # 10

Use of Prepositions--

teacher-cÖ_‡g mevB‡K GK GK K‡i “The

Definition of the Preposition” wR‡Ám Ki‡eb| mevi
ejv †kl Kivi ci prepostion-Gi wPiv PwiZ msÁvwU
(wb‡P †`qv Av‡Q, hv ev¯Í‡e Amvo) ûeû D‡j­L
K‡i ejyb †h, meaningful preposition Gi Rb¨ †Kvb
m~Î `iKvi bv n‡jI functional preposition-Gi †h
m~ÎwU cov‡bv n‡e Zv g„Zz¨i c~e© ch©š— g‡b
ivL‡jB Pj‡e|

Preposition ej‡Z mvaviYfv‡e Avgiv eywS-for, in, to, at, with, upon, into BZ¨vw`|
Avevi ejv nq
ÒPre gv‡b c~‡e©, position gv‡b Ae¯’vb, myZivs †h kãwU noun ev pronoun-Gi
c~‡e© e‡m ev‡K¨i Abvb¨ k‡ãi mv‡_ m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡i Zv‡K preposition e‡j|”
definition-wU †_‡K Av‡`Š wK cwi¯‹vi fv‡e preposition m¤ú‡K© wKQz eySv
‡Mj? GB aviYv wb‡q ev¯—‡e Aejxjvq preposition e¨envi Kiv m¤¢e bq|
Because, prepositions have a function in language rather than a clear meaning of
their own. ‡hgbt mKvj = morning wKš‘ mKv‡j = in the morning †Kb?
mܨv = evening wKš‘ mܨvq = in evening.
†Kb?

Functional preposition: mvavib fv‡et †h kã Øviv AwZwi³ fv‡e- ‡ / q / i Gme

wefw³ ¸‡jvi cÖKvk cvq Zv-B Functional preposition.
‡hgbt- 1 †m‡KÛ = a second.
1 †m‡K‡Û = in a second. (GLv‡b AwZwi³ Ô‡Õ Kvi i‡q‡Q)
Avwg XvKvq evm Kwi = I live in Dhaka. (Avwg = I, XvKv = Dhaka, q =?, evm
Kwi = live.)
GLv‡b AwZwi³ Av‡Q ÒqÓ| It requires a preposition.
Zzwg ‡Kv_vq evm Ki? = Where do you live in? (Zzwg = you, ‡Kv_vq = Where, evm
Ki = live.)
GLv‡b AwZwi³ wKQy †bB| It doesn’t require any
preposition.
Hence it will be- Where do you live? (Ref: “Live” verb of Cambridge/Oxford Dic.)

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Note: Preposition-Gi e¨envi wKfv‡e Ges †Kb n‡e eySv †M‡jI specifically
†Kv_vq †Kvb& Preposition-wU (by, on, at, in, to, over) n‡e Gi Rb¨ eB Gi
Exercise-¸‡jv up to down-co‡Z n‡e Ges Fill in the gaps(eB Gi g‡a¨) wj‡L
Practice Ki‡Z n‡e|
Preposition- wn‡m‡e AwZwi³ fv‡e ‡ / q / i BZ¨vw`i e¨envi j¶¨ Ki“b|

teacher cÖ_‡g student-‡`i w`‡q up to down

cwi‡q wb‡eb Zvici †ev‡W© “car & field”-
Gi drawing K‡i-chorus- car, AZci chorus-
field, AZci randomly chorus Kiv‡eb Ges
†k‡l live acting Kwi‡q “fill in the gaps”
home work-w`‡q class-‡kl Ki‡eb|

wbw`©ó K‡i mgq / ¯’vb (†QvU) eySv‡Z “at”

Lye mKv‡j dawn
`ycy‡i noon
iv‡Î night
ivwÎ 10 Uvq 10 p.m.
ga¨ iv‡Î midnight
Kv‡jv iv‡Î dark night
Mfxi iv‡Î deep night
Avgem¨v iv‡Î new moon
Puv`bx iv‡Î moon lit night
ivwÎi †kl cÖn‡i dead of the night
w`‡b `ycy‡i at broad day light
GB gyû‡Z© the moment
eZ©gv‡b present
mßvnv‡š— weekend
c„ôvi wb‡Pi the bottom of the page
w`‡K the top of the page
c„ôvi Dc‡ii 50 taka
w`‡K 50 kph
cÂvk UvKvq hand
cÂvk gvBj home
†e‡M office

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nv‡Zi Kv‡Q Mirpur

evwo‡Z bus station
Awd‡m coffee-inn
(Kg©iZ)
gxicy‡i
evm †÷k‡b
Kwd B‡b

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1 †m‡K†Û a second
2 †m‡K†Û two seconds
1 wgwb‡U a minute
2 wgwb‡U two minutes
1 N›Uvq an hour
1 w`‡b a day
K‡qK w`‡b a few days/some days
1 mßv‡n a week
1 gv‡m a month
Rvbyqvix‡Z January
kx‡Z Winter
MÖx‡®§ Summer
1 eQ‡i a year
1990 mv‡j 1990
2005-G 2005
mg‡q time
Amg‡q no time
5 †m‡K‡Û in 5 seconds
1 †m‡K‡Ûi g‡a¨ a second
mKv‡j the morning
fwel¨‡Z future
wec‡` Danger
my‡L/ kvwš—‡Z Peace
`yt‡L Sorrow
my‡L-`yt‡L Well and woe(I)
¶gZvq Power
e¨¯—Zvq Hurry
mKv‡j morning
Av‡jvq- The light
AÜKv‡i- The dark
Qvqvq- The shade
‡iŠ‡`ª- The sun
XvKvq Dhaka
BD‡iv‡c- Europe
mܨvq Evening

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kwbev‡i Saturday
iweev‡i Sunday
Rb¥ w`‡b birthday
eZ©gvb gv‡mi 10 the 10th instant
Zvwi‡L the 10th ultimo
MZ gv‡mi 10 the 10th proximal
Zvwi‡L the line / border
AvMvgx gv‡mi 10 page 50
Zvwi‡L the wall
mxgvbvq the table
cÂvk c„ôvq the chair
‡`qv‡j the roof
‡Uwe‡ji Dc‡i the grass
‡Pqv‡ii Dc‡i the shelf
Qv‡`i Dc‡i on T. V
Nv‡mi Dc‡i radio
‡mj‡di Dc‡i phone
wUwf‡Z monitor
‡iwWI‡Z my income
‡dv‡b foot
gwbU‡i fire (the car is on fire)
Avgvi Av‡qi Dc‡i grass
cv‡q †nu‡U my way back
Av¸‡b my way home
Nv‡mi Dc‡i the way to school
Avgvi †divi c‡_
Avgvi evwo hvevi
c‡_
¯‹z‡j hvevi c‡_

‡Kvb wKQzi wfZi w`‡q cÖevwnZ eySv‡Z “through”

Rvbvjv w`‡q the window

cvB‡ci wfZi w`‡q the pipe
GB c_ w`‡q through this way
wf‡oi ga¨ w`‡q the crowd/ rush.

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kw³i Øviv force

WvK †hv‡M post
wel cÖ‡qv‡M poison
ev‡m bus
†Uª‡b train
AvKvk c‡_ air
wegv‡b by plane
¯’j c‡_ land
mgy`ª c‡_ sea
Rj c‡_ water
iweev‡ii g‡a¨ Sunday
wZbUvi g‡a¨B three a.m.

wKQz¶‡Yi Rb¨ a while

AvcvZZ the time being
1 wgwb‡Ui Rb¨ a minute
1 eQ‡ii Rb¨ a year
mvivw`b a‡i for the whole day
1 mßv‡n a week
1 gvm a‡i a month
1 eQi a‡i a year

Verb + Preposition = Phrasal/ Group verb

cwiavb Kiv put on
evwZ R¡vjv‡bv switch on
Avm bv! come on!
`uvovI ! hold on!
Pvwj‡q hvI! carry on!
wb‡P c‡o hvIqv fall off
gvwU †_‡K wew”Qbœ nIqv take off
cwi‡aq e¯¿ Ly‡j †djv take/put off
‡Kvb KvR ¯’wMZ ivLv put off
eÜ Kiv turn off
Kwg‡q †`qv turn down
evwo‡q †`qv turn up

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Preposition using motion

j¤^vjw¤^fv‡e/ eivei MwZ eySv‡Z along

AvovAvwofv‡e/ cÖ‡¯’ MwZ eySv‡Z across
ga¨/ wfZi w`‡q cÖevwnZ eySv‡Z through
MwZkxj n‡q cÖ‡ek eySv‡Z into
‡Kvb wKQzi wfZ‡ii w`‡K eySv‡Z inward
‡Kvb wKQzi evwn‡ii w`‡K eySv‡Z outward
Dc‡ii w`‡K eySv‡Z upward
wb‡Pi w`‡K eySv‡Z downward
wfZi †_‡K evB‡i Ae¯’vb eySv‡Z out of the room
e›U‡bi †¶‡Î wbw`©ó cwigvb eySv‡Z one out of 5/10
Nwoi Pviw`‡K around the clock
Avgvi Pviw`‡K around me
Wv‡b towards right
c~‡e© towards east
w`‡K/ cÖwZ/ Kv‡Q to
g‡a¨/ wfZ‡i in
MwZkxj n‡q wfZ‡i cÖ‡ek into
MwZkxj n‡q wfZi †_‡K evB‡i out of
MwZkxj n‡q Dc‡i ¯úk© upon
Dc‡i (¯úk© n‡q) on
`~‡i/ cZb eySv‡Z (†Kvb e¯‘ †_‡K) off
wfZ‡i Ae¯’vb (i“‡gi) in side (the room)
evwn‡i (i“‡gi) out side (the room)

Prepositional phrase & Participle preposition

by means of Dcv‡q in accordance with wbqgvbymv‡i

by dint of mvnv‡h¨ along with mv‡_
in front of mvg‡b with a view to Rb¨
in place of cwie‡Z© for the sake of LvwZ‡i
instead of cwie‡Z© regarding m¤^‡Ü
in order to Rb¨ considering we‡ePbvq

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c~‡e© (GLb †_‡K c~‡e© eySv‡Z) = (ago) many days ago / two days ago.
c~‡e© (mvaviY fv‡e AwZ‡Z) = (before) before 16th December/ before 8-
O’clock
mvg‡b (in front) = (before) We must give account before Allah.
c‡i = (after) after 16th December /after you / him.
AZxZ mgq ‡_‡K eySv‡Z = (since) since boyhood / since Saturday /since
night.
†_‡K-ch©š— eySv‡Z = (from) from Monday till Friday. from Japan to
America.
mg‡qi e¨vwß eySv‡Z = (for) for many days/for a while = wKQy¶‡Yi
Rb¨|
`yB Gi †¶‡Î = (between...and) between you and me/ between 5 and 10.
`yB Gi †¶‡Î = (each other) We love each other.(G‡K Aci‡K)
`yB Gi †ewk n‡j = (among) Distribute the mangoes among them.
`yB Gi †ewk Z‡e Kg msL¨v = (each one) Each one will get one.
`yB Gi †ewk Ges msL¨vq †ekx = (every one) Every one will get one.
`yB Gi †ewk Z‡e mevB mevB‡K = (one another) We love one another.

Qvov / e¨ZxZ = (without) I’m afraid, without practice you can’t

progress.
Kv‡Q / cv‡k (next to) =(beside)He was beside me in my days of grief, so was I. (I was
too)
ZvQvov/GZبZxZ(besides) = (apart from) What other subjects do you like apart from
Eng.?
‡bwZevPK A‡_© (beyond) = (impossible) It’s beyond me why she wants to marry
Tom.
wcQ‡b (behind) = (at the back) What’s behind that happy smile?

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w`‡bi ci w`b = day after day / day in ,day out

µ‡g / wa‡iwa‡i = day by day / gradually/ by and by
evievi = time and again / over and over again
gv‡Sg‡a¨ = sometimes / off and on
me©`v/ memg‡q = always / all the time / all the
while
MZ mßv‡ni c~‡e©i mßvn/gvm/eQi = The week before last /
month / year
AvMvgx mßv‡ni c‡ii mßvn/gvm/eQi = The week after next / month
/ year
GKw`b ci ci/mßvn/gvm/eQi = every other day / week/ month/
year
(GK`v) GKw`b = one day.
(‡h‡Kvb) GKw`b = some day
MZKvj = yesterday / the previous day
MZ ciï = the day before yesterday
AvMvwg Kvj = tomorrow / the next day
AvMvgx ciï = the day after tomorrow
‡mw`b = the other day/ that very day
* Prepositions are not used before a number of common expressions of time
beginning next, last, this, that (sometimes), one/once, every, each, some, any,
tomorrow, yesterday, all.
w`‡b GKevi- Once a day/ a week / a month
w`‡b `yBevi- Twice a day/ a week / a month
w`‡b wZbevi- Thrice a day/ a week / a month
w`‡b Pvievi- Four times a day/ a week / a month
w`‡b cvuPevi- Five times a day/ a week / a month
w`‡b GKkZevi-100 times a day/ a week / a month
w`‡b K‡qK evi- Several/ Many (in) a day/ a week / a month
times a week/ a month/ a year
mßv‡n GKw`b- One day a week/ a month/ a year
mßv‡n `yBw`b- Two days a week/ a month/ a year
mßv‡n wZbw`b- Three days a week/ a month/ a year
gv‡m wZbw`b- Three days a month/ a year
eQ‡i Pwj­k w`b- Forty days a year
Rxe‡b Pvi gvm- Four months a life time

Preposition for live Presentation in the Class Room

I can raise my right hand.
I can put my left hand on my head.
I can place my pencil on my chair.
I can take my pencil out of my chair.
I can stand up. 9
I can sit down.
I can stand beside my chair.
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