The Rio Summit (or Earth Summit)

Was carried out from 3 to 14 June 1992. It was attended by 172 countries (with
108 heads of State) and 2,400 representatives of non-governmental
organizations. During the Summit addressed the issues of environment and
sustainable development.
As a result of the Rio Summit, the following documents were generated:
Agenda 21, the Declaration of Forestry Principles, the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change, the United Nations Convention on
Biological Diversity and Rio Declaration on Environment and Development.

Principles of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development

Principle 1- human beings are at the centre of concerns related to sustainable

development. They have the right to a healthy and productive life in harmony
with nature.

Principle 3-The right to development must be exercised in such a way as to

respond equitably to the development and environmental needs of present and
future generations.

Principle 4- in order to achieve sustainable development, the protection of the

environment must constitute an integral part of the development process and
cannot be considered in isolation.

Principle 8- to achieve sustainable development and a better quality of life for

all people, States should reduce and eliminate unsustainable patterns of
production and consumption and promote appropriate demographic policies.

Principle 23- the environment and natural resources of peoples subjected to

oppression, domination and occupation must be protected.
Principle 24- war is, by definition, the enemy of sustainable development.
Accordingly, States should respect the provisions of international law that
protect the environment in times of armed conflict, and cooperate in their further
development, as necessary.
Principle 25- Peace, development and protection of the environment are
interdependent and inseparable.

Agenda 21: Catalogue of measures with a comprehensive approach to the

most pressing environmental problems, two important conventions (climate
change and biodiversity) and several regional and sectoral agreements (forests,
fisheries).

Agenda 21 Objectives

-The protection of the atmosphere.

• Planning and management of land resources.
• The fight against deforestation.
• The fight against desertification and drought.
• Sustainable development of mountain areas.
• The promotion of agriculture and rural sustainable development.
• Conservation of biological diversity.
• The protection of oceans and seas, as well as coastal areas.
• Quality and supply of fresh water resources.
• The rational management of toxic chemicals.
• Management of hazardous waste, whether or not radioactive.
• Solid Waste management.