th
America’s History for the AP® Course, 8 Edition
Correlated to AP® U.S. History Thematic Learning Objectives
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Identity (ID)
How debates over national identity have
changed over time.
ID-1: Conceptions of national identity as
expressed in political institutions and cultural values
(late colonial to antebellum periods).
ID-2: Impact of Manifest Destiny, territorial
expansion, the Civil War, and industrialization on
notions about progress and destiny (nineteenth
century).
ID-3: Influence of international crises on
public debates about American national identity
(twentieth century).
How group identities have changed over time.
ID-4: The ways in which interactions
between colonists, Africans, and American Indians
influenced the development of group identities
(colonial period).
ID-5: The influence of economic, social,
political, and ethnic factors on the formation of
regional identities (colonial period through the
nineteenth century).
ID-6: The influence of internal and external
migration on racial and ethnic identities and
conflicts.
ID-7: The impact of economic, social, and
cultural transformations on class identity and gender
(since the late nineteenth century).
ID-8: The impact of civil rights activism on
identity-based movements.
Work, Exchange, and Technology (WXT)
How changes in markets, transportation,
and technology have affected society.
WXT-1: The ways in which the exchange of
goods, ideas, and people around the Atlantic
World shaped society (colonial period).
WXT-2: How market, transportation, and
technological innovations affected the economy
and different regions (colonial period through
the Civil War).
WXT-3: The impact of new world markets,
changes in transportation, and technological
PAGES
82-88, 102-110, 126-133, 152-179, 196-201, 204-211, 216-
223, 257-264, 301-311 , 347-373, 381-383, 395-403
286-311 , 378-403, 412-440, 546-549, 565, 586-594, 600-601,
652-660
678-688, 696-699, 706-709, 726-729, 740-762, 768-796, 806-
833, 872-874, 894-895, 910-924, 927-929
42-71, 56-58, 88-102, 134-143, 159-160, 163-166, 174-175,
192-193, 198-200, 206-209, 226-227, 233-234, 256- 258, 264-
269
42-71, 82, 90-105, 116-143, 163-166, 174-177, 201, 216-231,
234-235, 241-242, 250-256, 258-269, 266-269, 286-290, 293-
301, 316-320, 323-326, 330-332, 378-403, 412-440, 446-449,
470, 480-481, 487-504, 556-571, 608-632, 642-650, 652-655
121-124, 163-166, 177, 226-231, 310-311, 326-331, 333-334,
338-339, 349, 352-357, 378-403, 412-430, 556-564, 581-582,
587-592, 598-599, 608-632, 646-650, 694-695, 706-709, 712-
720, 756-759, 783-788, 864-865, 945-947, 1012-1118
549-556, 576-592, 608-632, 646-650, 706-711, 712-726, 736-
740, 754, 843-856, 864-865, 918-919, 924-926, 950-961,
1012-1020
706-721, 754-757, 783-788, 864-865, 870-899, 924-926, 923-
926, 950-957
24-25, 28-30, 35, 42-71, 83-110, 126-135, 140-141, 152-163,
166-179, 184-191, 194-196
42-47, 52-59, 82, 90-97, 120-122, 126-127, 140-141, 201,
250-257, 286-301, 319-321, 323-326, 338-339, 412-415, 417-
433, 436-440, 456-462
546-571, 608-632, 644-645, 721-729, 736-762, 840-865, 989-
991, 1004-1032

Correlated to AP® U.S. History Thematic Learning Objectives
innovations on society (since the Gilded Age).
How different labor systems have
developed over time.
WXT-4: The development of labor systems
(colonial period through eighteenth century)
WXT-5: The development of labor systems
and influence of industrialization (since the
nineteenth century).
How debates over economic values and the
role of government have affected politics,
society, the economy, and the environment.
WXT-6: The influence of debates about
market capitalism, corporate power, and government
policies on economic policies (late eighteenth to early
twentieth centuries).
WXT-7: Comparison of Populist,
Progressive, and other movements advocating changes
to the U.S. economic system (since industrialization).
WXT-8: The changing role of the federal
government in regulating the economy and the
environment (since the late nineteenth century).
Peopling (PEO)
An understanding of the changing nature
of migration patterns in North America.
PEO-1: The reasons for migration to and
within the Americans (before and after contact
and colonization).
PEO-2: How changing migration patterns
influenced the makeup of the U.S. population
(nineteenth and twentieth centuries).
PEO-3: The causes and effects of large-scale
internal migration (nineteenth and twentieth
centuries).
How migration and population patterns
have influenced America over time.
PEO-4: The impact of migration, disease, and
warfare on native populations (since contact).
PEO-5: The influence of free and forced
migration on regional development, cultural diversity,
and conflict (through the nineteenth century).
PEO-6: How migration has impacted culture,
urban life, labor, and reform movements
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America’s History for the AP® Course, 8 Edition
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122, 140-141, 201, 250-257, 264-269
286-305, 378-403, 487-493, 546--571, 608-632, 645-650, 652-
660, 712-726, 736-740, 773-781, 840-865
201-211, 216-219, 222-226, 287-290, 293-297, 332, 433, 546-
548, 561-571, 619-624, 642-664-664, 706-709
291-297, 301-305, 319-321, 323-326, 331, 333-334, 338-339,
511-515, 564-571, 619-632, 638-664, 660-664, 736-762, 773-
776, 840-843, 942-945, 1009-1011, 1026, 1030-1032
524-525, 583-584, 619-632, 638-664, 736-762, 773-776, 840-
843, 904-908, 938-945, 983-984, 982-984, 1009-1011, 1026,
1030-1032
8, 11-12, 15-16, 42-60, 66-67, 70, 83-85, 88-97, 116-121, 163-
166, 177
287-290, 293-297, 291-297, 301-305, 326- 331, 349, 352-354,
356-357, 378-380, 412--428, 511-520, 525-534 , 556-564, 581-
582, 584-585, 587-592, 598-599, 608-632, 690-695, 706-
709, 756-759, 783-788, 856-865, 874-877, 1012-1020
287-290, 293-297, 291-297, 301-305, 326- 331, 333-334, 378-
380, 412-440, 511-520, 525-534 , 565-566, 593-595, 598-602,
608-632, 694-695, 706-709, 756-759 783-788, 856-865, 874-
877, 1012-1020
15, 24-25, 28-30, 35, 42-43, 46-53, 56-60, 66-70, 88-90, 135-
140, 163-166, 177, 219, 226-227, 233-234, 326-331, 415-417,
511-512, 515-534
15, 24-25, 28-30, 35, 42-71, 82, 90-100, 116-143, 163-166, 177,
226-231, 326-331, 349, 352-354, 356-357, 378-403, 412-440,
446-449, 511-515, 519-520, 524-525 , 565-566, 568-569, 593-
595, 598-602
349-366, 378-403, 412-430, 556-571, 598-602, 608-632, 652-
656, , 690-695, 706-709, 756-759

Correlated to AP® U.S. History Thematic Learning Objectives
(mid-nineteenth to mid-twentieth centuries).
PEO-7: The evolution of debates over
immigration (since the twentieth century).
Politics and Power (POL)
How different groups have competed for
influence since the colonial era.
POL-1: The reasons for competition,
cooperation, and conflict between different groups
(colonial period).
POL-2: How and why party systems and
political alignments have changed over time
(early Republic to end of twentieth century).
POL-3: How activists and reform movements
have changed state institutions and society.
POL-4: How the New Deal, Great Society,
and the modern conservative movement sought
to change the role of the federal government.
The ways in which Americans have
debated political values and who has a role in
the political process.
POL-5: The political impact of debates over
the meaning and interpretation of the
Constitution (since 1787).
POL-6: How arguments over political values
and the extension of American ideals abroad
contributed to military conflicts and ideological
clashes (nineteenth and early twentieth centuries).
POL-7: The political influence of debates
over civil rights and liberties (early twentieth through
early twenty-first centuries).
America in the World (WOR)
An understanding of the relationship between
events in North America, the U.S., and the rest
of the world.
WOR-1: The role of competition and
exchange in influencing patterns of development
in North America (colonial period).
WOR-2: How the exchange of ideas among
the Atlantic World influenced beliefs and
independence movements (contact to the
nineteenth century).
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America’s History for the AP® Course, 8 Edition
598-602, 690-694, 706-709, 757-759, 783-788, 856-865, 874-
877, 906, 1012-1020
42-71, 82-110, 135-137, 139-140, 153, 163-177, 184-196, 199-
204, 219-241
201, 216-226, 234-236, 241-245, 256-269, 316-325, 332-340,
430-440, 446-449, 565-566, 739-763, 849-850, 904-908, 914-
923, 926-932, 947-950, 974-999 , 1025-1032
346-347, 349-357, 361-373, 511-515, 519-520, 524-525, 564-
571, 583-584, 587-592, 599-602, 608-624, 627-628, 638-664,
709-711, 736-762, 870-899, 904-909, 914-919, 923-926, 938-
942, 950-957, 974-989, 1004-1005, 1018-1020
740-762, 868-896, 904-908, 926-932, 974-999
158-159, 178-179, 196--211, 216-219, 219, 222-226, 231, 241-
242, 250-269, 295-296 , 316-320, 323-326, 330, 331-335, 338-
340, 428-431, 462-464, 481-504, 768-796, 849-850, 856, 904-
908, 914-923, 926-932, 950-961
216-222, 223-226, 229-231, 234-235, 241-242, 250-256, 266-
269, 316-320, 326-33, 418-440, 446-474, 480-485, 497-504,
510-535, 546-548, 560-561, 564-571, 623-627, 629-632, 638-
663, 674-699, 711-712
589-592, 690-694, 706-711, 719-720, 754-758, 820-825, 856,
870-899, 914-928, 950-961, 1026-1029, 1031-1032
25-35, 42-71, 82-110, 126-135, 140-141, 152-163, 166-179,
184-191, 194-196, 226-229
82-92, 97-107, 126-135, 140-141, 158-159, 177-179, 196-201,
206-209, 218-223, 256- 258, 264-269, 346-352, 357-373, 401-
403
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America’s History for the AP® Course, 8 Edition
Correlated to AP® U.S. History Thematic Learning Objectives

WOR-3: The effect on society of the growing
interconnection of the U.S. with worldwide systems
(since the late nineteenth century).
WOR-4: How U.S. involvement in global
conflicts led to societal change (twentieth
century).
An understanding of the factors
influencing U.S. involvement in foreign
affairs and conflicts.
WOR-5: Motives and results of initiatives to
expand U.S. power and territory (from
independence to the Civil War).
WOR-6: Debates over U.S. expansionism
(nineteenth and early twentieth centuries).
WOR-7: The goals behind U.S. involvement
in major worldwide conflicts and the changing role of
the U.S. on the world stage.
546-571, 608-632, 644-645, 688-697, 726-729, 736-762, 768-
796, 806-833, 840-865, 910-932, 1022-1025, 1004-1012, 1026,
1030-1032
688-697, 706-711, 768-796, 783-788, 864-865, 872-874, 910-
932, 938-940, 977-980
196-211, 216-219, 222-229, 231-241, 326-331, 391-392, 412,
440
326-331, 391-392, 412-415, 417-433, 436-440, 674-684
674-688, 696-699, 711-712, 768-796, 806-818, 825-833, 910-
914, 919-921, 927-929, 938-939, 977-980, 989-999, 1022-1025,
1026-1029, 1031-1032

WOR-8: How U.S. involvement in the 806-818, 825-833, 910-914, 919-921, 927-929, 977-980, 992-
developing world and in issues relating to 999, 1022-1029, 1031-1032
globalization and terrorism has influenced foreign
policy goals (since the mid-twentieth century).
Environment and Geography – Physical
and Human (ENV)
The ways in which environmental
interactions have shaped institutions and
values.
ENV-1: The effect of the introduction of new 8-17, 28-30, 35, 42-43, 47-53, 58-59, 88-97, 140-141
plants, animals and technologies on the
natural world and group interactions (colonial period).
ENV-2: The influence of the environment on 8-17, 42-43, 49, 52-54, 56, 59-60, 90-92, 95-97, 103, 120-122,
regional developments (precontact through 140, 163-166, 174-175
independence).
ENV-3: The influence of the environment on 201, 258-269, 412-428, 452-474
regional developments and major conflicts
(nineteenth century).
How economic and demographic changes
contributed to debates over the proper use of
the environment and natural resources.
ENV-4: The social and political ramifications 42-43, 46-49, 52-54, 56-58, 66-70, 90-105, 135-143, 163-166,
of the search for resources (colonial period through 174-175, 412-428, 436-440
Reconstruction).
ENV-5: How and why environmental debates 511-515, 519-520, 524-525 , 583-584, 651, 759-761, 906, 938-
have changed over time (since the late 942, 983-984, 1032
nineteenth century).
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America’s History for the AP® Course, 8 Edition
Correlated to AP® U.S. History Thematic Learning Objectives

Ideas, Beliefs, and Culture (CUL)

The ways in which moral, philosophical,
and cultural values have changed over
time.
CUL-1: Comparison of and impact of cultural 42-43, 49, 52, 55-64, 66-67, 88-103, 126-140, 159-163, 163-
values and attitudes amongst European, African 166, 174-175
Americans, and Native Americans (colonial
period).
CUL-2: How emerging concepts of national 152-163, 166-179, 196-211, 219, 216-223, 256-269, 301-311,
identity shaped values, gender roles, and cultural 346-373, 395-403, 412-433, 456
movements (late eighteenth and nineteenth
centuries).
CUL-3: The impact of the Civil War and 548-556, 584-602, 609-619, 654-655, 706-721
postwar industrialization on cultural values and
artistic expression.
The ways in which moral, philosophical,
and cultural values have impacted U.S.
history over time.
CUL-4: How changes in ideals and beliefs 49, 52, 55, 60-64, 70-71, 88-110, 117-122, 124-135, 140-141,
shaped politics, culture, and society (colonial period 152-163, 166-179, 196-211, 218-219, 222-223, 227
through the Early Republic).
CUL-5: How philosophical, moral, and 301-311 , 346-373, 381-383, 395-403, 546-556, 592-602, 624-
scientific ideas were used to defend or challenge the 632, 638, 645-649, 652-656, 706-721, 740-762, 820-825, 908-
existing social and economic order (nineteenth and 909, 914-919, 924-926, 952- 957, 961-963, 974-977,
twentieth centuries).
CUL-6: The ways in which culture and the 546-553, 576-602, 615-619, 712-726, 761, 843-865, 908-909,
arts influenced social and political movements 914-919, 924-926, 950-961, 974-977, 987-989
(nineteenth and twentieth centuries).
CUL-7: The development of “modern” 576-602, 608-632, 712-726, 843-865, 918-919, 950-961, 1018-
culture and its social and political impacts 1020
(since the early twentieth century).
PERIOD PAGES
Period 1: 1491-1607
• Key Concept 1.1: Prior to the arrival of
Europeans, native peoples in North America
developed diverse social, political, and
economic structures.
I. Settlers migrated across North America, adapting and 8, 11-12, 15-16
transforming their environments as they developed
diverse and complex societies.
• Key Concept 1.2: European overseas
expansion resulted in the Columbian
Exchange.
I. Arrival of Europeans in the Western Hemisphere 15, 24-25, 28-30, 35, 42-43, 47
resulted in demographic and social changes in the
Americas, Africa, and Europe.
II. European expansion into the Western Hemisphere 42-43, 46-49, 52-53, 56, 58, 62
intensified competition in Europe and promoted empire
building.
• Key Concept 1.3: Contacts among Native
Americans, Africans, and Europeans
challenged the worldviews of each
group.
I. Sustained contacts with Africans and Native 43, 67
Americans altered European social, political, and
economic relationships.
II. Native Americans resisted assimilation and strove to 42-43, 52, 56, 67
maintain autonomy.
Period 2: 1607-1754
• Key Concept 2.1: Diverse patterns
of colonization developed in
response to differences in goals,
cultures, and the environment.
I. Spanish, French, Dutch, and British colonizers created 42-43, 56-59, 60, 66-67, 70
different models of colonization.
II. The Atlantic slave trade developed in response to the 96-97, 100, 101-102
economic, demographic, and environmental needs of the
British colonies.
III. Regional differences developed in what would 49, 52, 55, 60-62, 82, 90-92, 95-97, 117, 120-122
become the British colonies due to environmental and
geographical variations.
• Key Concept 2.2: Colonization
intensified intercultural contact and
conflict.
I. Competition in the colonies between European rivals 83-85, 88, 89-92, 96-97, 106, 107, 110
led to conflicts between native peoples and European
colonists.
II. Intercultural conflict over social and cultural values 56-58, 88-90
contributed to cultural changes on both sides.
• Key Concept 2.3: The political, economic,
and cultural exchanges of the Atlantic
World
I. Interactions among Europeans, Africans, and Native 82-83, 86, 90-92, 103-106, 107 , 126-135, 140-141
Americans stimulated economic growth, expanded social
networks, and reshaped labor systems.
II. In response to competition and colonial resistance, 83-86, 105-106, 110
Britain strengthened control over its North American
empire, stimulating increasing resistance from colonists,
who had grown accustomed to autonomy.
Period 3: 1754-1800
• Key Concept 3.1: Britain’s victory over
France in the Great War for Empire led to
new conflicts among the British, North
American colonists, and Native Americans.

I. Native groups adjusted alliances with Europeans and 135-137, 139-140, 153, 163-166, 174-175
other native peoples.
II. A colonial independence movement emerged and war 152-163, 166-179, 184-191, 194-196
broke out as a result of British attempts to consolidate
imperial control over the colonies.
III. U.S. foreign policy debates and initiatives in 219
response to tensions at home and abroad.
• Key Concept 3.2: Experiments with
democratic ideas and republican forms of
government challenged traditional imperial
systems.
I. New ideas about politics and society led to debates 158-159, 178-179, 196-198, 200-201, 218-219
about religion and governance and inspired experiments
with new structures of government.
II. American leaders wrote a new Constitution and 201-211, 216-219, 222-226
continued debates about the balance between liberty and
order.
III. Ideas promoting greater political democracy and 182, 198-200, 206-209 , 219, 222-223, 256- 258, 264-269
personal liberty reverberated around the world.
• Key Concept 3.3: Migration, cultural
interactions, and competition for
resources intensified conflicts over land
and led to questions about a national
identity.
I. Westward expansion resulted in competition for 226-229
resources, changing alliances, and cultural assimilation.

II. Government policies encouraged western expansion, 219, 222, 226-227, 231-232
intensifying conflict among Native Americans and
Europeans.
III. Regional identities were challenged by calls for a 201, 258-269
new national identity, leading to the emergence of
distinctly American culture.
Period 4: 1800-1848
• Key Concept 4.1: World’s first modern mass
democracy developed in the United States;
emergence of a new national culture; and
struggles to define the nation’s democratic
ideals and reform its institutions.
I. Debates over federal power, states’ rights, and the 216-222, 223-226, 229-231, 234-235, 241-242, 250-256, 266-
authority of different branches of the federal 269, 287, 295-296 , 316-320, 323-326, 330, 332-335, 338-340,
government. 383-391, 392-395
II. Americans struggled with how to match political 346-347, 349-357, 361-373, 378-381, 401-403
ideals to social realities.
III. While Americans embraced a new national culture, 301-311 , 347-357, 360-363, 381-383, 395-403
various groups developed distinctive cultures of their
own.
• Key Concept 4.2: Developments in
technology, agriculture, and commerce led
to changes in settlement patterns, regional
identities, gender and family relations, and
political power.
I. A global market led to dramatic shifts in the nature of 286-291
agriculture and manufacturing.
II. Regional economic specialization shaped settlement 287-290, 293-297
patterns and the economy.
III. The Market Revolution had significant effects on 291-297, 301-305, 319-321, 323-326, 331, 333-334, 338-339
migration, gender and family relations, and the
distribution of political power.
• Key Concept 4.3: Government policy shaped
by interest in expanding trade and national
borders.
I. Policymakers aimed at dominating the North 326-327, 330-331, 391-392
American continent.
II. Various individuals and groups initiated, supported, 323-325, 326-327, 330-331
and/or resisted expansion of territory and/or government
powers.
III. Westward expansion gave rise to debates and 323-324, 333-334
compromises over the extension of slavery.
Period 5: 1844-1877
• Key Concept 5.1: An expansionist foreign
policy connected the United States to the
world and made it a destination for
migration.
I. A desire for territorial expansion resulted in war, the 412-415, 417-433, 436-440
creation of new markets, territory acquisition, and
ideological conflicts.
II. Westward expansion, increased migration, and the 349, 352-354, 356-357, 412-415, 418-420, 422-423, 425-428,
end of slavery shaped boundaries and led to conflicts. 432, 433
• Key Concept 5.2: Debates over slavery and
other economic, cultural, and political issues
led to civil war.
I. Sectionalism intensified. 417-418, 421-425, 428-431
II. Attempts at political compromise failed to calm 428-432, 433-436, 438-440, 446-449
tensions over slavery, leading to the secession of
southern states after the election of 1860.
• Key Concept 5.3: Union victory in the Civil
War and Reconstruction settled the slavery
issue and secession, but questions remained
about the power of the federal government
and citizenship rights.
I. The Union defeated the Confederacy in the Civil War. 452-474
II. Altered relationships between the states and the 470, 480-481, 483-485, 487-504
federal government and among the executive, legislative,
and judicial branches.
III. Constitutional changes led to conflicts over 484-487, 498-500, 504
northern definitions of citizenship for African
Americans, women, and other minorities.
Period 6: 1865-1898
• Key Concept 6.1: The rise of big business
encouraged large-scale migrations,
urbanization, and new efforts to reshape the
environment and the economy.
I. Large-scale production created a “Gilded Age” 546-548, 551-556, 609-619
characterized by a national consumer culture, marketing,
and business consolidation.
II. Business and government leaders were challenged by 550-553, 556-568, 569-571, 642-650, 652-654, 655-657
demographic changes, regional differences, and labor
movements.
III. Westward migration, new farming and transportation 511-515, 519-520, 524-525 , 565-566, 568-569, 583-584
technologies, and economic unrest led to conflict.
• Key Concept 6.2: An emerging industrial
culture led to both opportunities and
restrictions for immigrants, minorities, and
women.
I. International and internal migrations increased 556-564, 581-582, 584-585, 587-592, 598-599, 608-624, 627-
population in urban and rural areas, heightening 628
inequities and inspiring reform efforts.
II. Transcontinental railroads intensified westward 511-512, 515-534
migration, threatening the culture, identity, and very
existence of Native Americans.
• Key Concept 6.3: New cultural and
intellectual movements emerged alongside
debates over economic and social policies.
I. Gilded Age politics were tied to big business and 547-548, 556, 560-561, 564, 565-571, 623-627, 629-632, 638-
focused on national economic issues, leading to calls for 663
reform.
II. The social order was challenged by new cultural and 546, 565, 587-589, 591-592, 594, 600-601, 654-655
intellectual movements.
Period 7: 1890-1945
• Key Concept 7.1: Organizations
struggled to address the effects of large
scale industrialization, the Great
Depression, and related social changes.
I. Continued growth and consolidation of large 644-645, 736-740
corporations spurred economic growth amid episodes of
increasingly severe market instability.
II. Progressive reformers called for federal legislation, 619, 624-632, 638-642, 649-655, 660-664
greater social justice, and expanded democracy to
address inequality and corruption.
III. In response to the Great Depression, the United 726-729, 740-763
States was transformed into a limited welfare state.
• Key Concept 7.2: A revolution in
technology helped to create a new mass
culture and “modern” values amid
increasing cultural conflicts.
I. New technologies benefitted many but also 712-726
contributed to political and cultural conflicts.
II. Wartime tensions and xenophobia led to legislation 690-694, 706-709
restricting immigration.
III. World Wars I and II contributed to increased 694-695, 706-707, 783-788, 864-865
migration, both internally and to the United States.
• Key Concept 7.3: Global conflicts led to
debates over the United States’ increasingly
dominant role in the world.
I. American expansionism led to overseas involvement 674-684
and acquisitions in the Western Hemisphere and the
Pacific.
II. World War I increased debates over the proper role 684-699, 711-712
of the United States in the world.
III. World War II transformed society and the position 766-797
of the United States in the world.
Period 8: 1945-1980
• Key Concept 8.1: The United States
assumed a position of global leadership in
the postwar period, with domestic and
international consequences.
I. The United States attempted to contain communism, 806-818, 825-826, 910-914
stabilize the world’s economy, and create an
international security system.
II. The United States faced decolonization, shifting 808-818, 826-833, 910-914, 927-929, 1022-1025
international alignments, and other complex foreign
policy issues.
III. Cold War policies led to public debates over the 820-825, 914, 919-922, 927-928
power of the federal government, the means for pursuing
goals, and the balance between liberty and order.
• Key Concept 8.2: Liberalism reached its
apex, generating a variety of political and
cultural responses.
I. Civil rights activists achieved some successes in 868-896, 923-924
ending segregation.
II. Activists sought to address inequalities in American 851-857, 863-864, 896-899, 904-909, 914-919, 923-926
society.
III. Liberalism was attacked by the left and by 849-850, 856, 904-908, 914-923, 926-932
resurgent conservatives.
• Key Concept 8.3: Postwar economic,
demographic, and technological changes had
a far-reaching impact on America.
I. Rapid economic and social changes fostered optimism 840-865
and concern about their effect on American values.
II. Many sought prosperity even as critics called for the 840-850, 938-942
conservation and protection of natural resources.
III. New demographic and social issues led to political 849-856, 918-919, 950-961
and moral debates that divided the nation.
Period 9: 1980-Present
• Key Concept 9.1: A new conservatism grew and
affected politics and culture.
I. The growth of conservatism was fueled by religious 938-939, 942-950, 961-963, 974-989
fundamentalism and loss of faith in the government.
II. Conservative successes were hampered by enduring 983
support for some government programs.
• Key Concept 9.2: The United States
redefined its foreign policy after the Cold
War.
I. The Reagan administration set the tone for future 989-999
administrations with an interventionist foreign policy
based on anticommunist principles.
II. 9/11 led to controversial conflicts in Afghanistan and 1026-1029, 1031-1032
Iraq.
• Key Concept 9.3: In the twenty-first
century, the United States experienced
challenges resulting from social,
economic, and demographic changes.
I. Continued integration into the world economy was 1004-1012, 1026, 1030-1032
accompanied by economic instability and
environmental issues.
II. Demographic shifts profoundly affected culture and 1012-1020
politics.