Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By: MAK
1. INTRODUCTION:
* The purpose of the foundation is to transfer the loads from the structure to the ground without causing the ground to
fail in shear or to allow excessive settlement of the structure to occur. These requirements are met by ensuring the
bearing pressure below the foundation does not exceed permissible bearing pressure.
* The purpose of this calculation is to design Pad & Chimney foundation for "A10" type lattice steel tower structure.
* The foundation is subjected to upward, downward and horizontal forces.
* Foundation loads will be obtained from the tower reactions multiplied by over load capacity factors. These factored loads will be
used in the sizing of the foundation. However, to design steel reinforcements reactions without the OCFs will be used.
2. TOWER GEOMETRY:
b a
tan 1 10.330 deg Leg Slope angel with Respect to Vertical
2h
h0 1000 mm
b a
tan 1 11.860 deg h22
2h
h0
h0 h11
h11 1021.812 mm Tower First Leg Slope
sin( 90 )
h0
h 22 1016.476 mm Tower Second Leg Slope
sin( 90 )
* The maximum vertical and horizontal reactions have been given in the PTS (clause: 4.09 A) for this kind of tower as follow:
Note :
4. FACTORED LOADS:
Q 0 ( Ph x 0 ) 2 ( Ph y 0 ) 2 321.73 KN
M0 0 M 0 Moment Reaction
6. MATERIAL PROPERTIES:
6.1 CONCRETE:
7. CALCULATIONS:
N c ( N q 1) / tan 1 N c = 25.135
tan 1 K py
N 1 N = 9.702
cos
2
2
q ult
q allow q allow = 294.11 KN/m² SF = 4 Safty Factor Allowable Bearing Capacity
SF
7.2 CHECK FOUNDATION DISPLACEMENT:
N 60 = 30 SPT N value
Sc = 50 mm Tolerable Settlement
B = 4 m Footing Width
S c N 60
1 .4
q = 1216.034 KN/m² q allow = Min ( q allow , q) = 294.112 KN/m²
1.7 B 0.75
Pc
AP = 0.137 m² Gross Pedestal Area
0.65 ( 0 .85 f c (1 ) f y )
h = 3.5 m L = 4 m B = 4 m Eh = 500 mm
f = 35 deg Angle of the Shearing Soil Plane with the Vertical "Frustum Angle"
Weight of Pad Wf = Vf x c
= 9.600 x 24
= 230.4 KN
Weight of Chimney Wp = Vp x c
= 1.464 x 24
= 35.129 KN
Volume of Soil Vs =
h3
3
A t Ab At Ab
At : Area at The Top
Ab : Area at The Bottom G.L
Ab = L x B
= 4 x 4 h3
= 16.00 m² f f
At = ( B + (2 x h3 x tan(f))²
= 64.98 m²
B
Vs = 109.454 m³
Weight of Soil Ws = Vs x S
= 109.454 x 17
= 1860.711 KN
Fd = 600 mm
1 Sin 1
Kp =
1 Sin 1
Kp = 2.464 Passive Earth Pressure Coefficient
h= 105.680
OL = 0.500 h3 =
Wf 0.60 121.471 KN/m²
Fd =
3.50
4.60 2.90
B= Lb =
0.600
Note 1 : only for safty purpose we consider in above calculation 80 % of the total resisting moment due to
passive earth pressure
Note 2 : if Mx < 0 then we will Mx = 0 and the same will be applicable for My.
P Mx My
q y x P M My
A Ix Iy q 1 x
L B L B
Where:
Mx : Net Bending Moment @ Base of Footing "Around X".
My : Net Bending Moment @ Base of Footing "Around Y".
P : Total Vertical Load.
A : Foundation Area.
I : Second Moment of Area of The Footing About The Axis of Bending.
x , y: Distance from Axis of Bending to the Position The Stress is Being Calculated.
Ix = ( B x L³ ) / 12
= 21.333 m³
Iy = ( L x B³ ) / 12
= 21.333 m³
Calculation Vertical Loads:
Weight of Pad Wf = Vf x c
= 9.600 x 24
= 230.4 KN
Weight of Chimney Wp = Vp x c
= 1.464 x 24
= 35.129 KN
Weight of Soil Ws = ( B x L x h - a x a x h x ) x S
= 54.719 x 17
= 930.227 KN
241.856 KN/m²
241.856 KN/m²
241.856 KN/m²
B= 4.00 m
L= 4.00 m
207.613 KN/m²
207.613 KN/m²
207.613 KN/m²
= 2795.756 KN
q max = 2795.756 / 16
q ave = ( q1 + q 2 + q3 + q4 ) / 4
= 174.735 + 174.735 + 174.735 + 174.735
= 174.735 KN/m²
The Nominal Shear Strength Provided by Concrete will be the Smallest of:
1
1) . V c1 f c' b 0 d
3
= 0.33 x 5.292 x 4340 x 485
= 3712.695 KN
.d f c' .b0 .d s
2) . V c 2 s 2 . = 20 For Corner Columns
b0 12
= 3930.837 KN
2 f c' .b0 .d c
3) . V c 3 1 . = a/a = 600 / 600 = 1
c 6
= 5569.042 KN
a
w
B= a w
7.7 CHECK FOR ONE - WAY SHEAR:
C:\Users\usuario\Desktop\Design Pad & Chimney Foundation1.xls 12/25
Date: August 31, 2018
By: MAK
X = ((L-a)/2) - d 4
= 1.215 m
'
Pc fc q
1) . V c1 1 .B.d Ag = B x Fd
14 Ag 6 = 4 x 0.6 Elevation
= 2.400 m²
= 1833.128 KN
'
0 .3 .Pu fc
2) . V c 2 1 .B.d
Ag 6
= 2093.310 KN
The Critical Section for The Design for Flexural Reinforcement Should be Taken at The Face of The Column.
X1 = ((L-a)/2)
= 1.7 m
X1
q ux1 q u min ( q u max q u min )
L
= 222.167 KN/m² B=
a
B= a w w
M ux 1 ( q ux 1 . X 12 .B ) / 2 (( q u max q ux 1 ). B. X 1 ) / 3)
= 1284.123 + 44.629
= 1328.752 KN.m
4
M ux1
Required Rn =
.B.d 2 Critical Section
for Flexure
Rn = 1569.127 KN/m² 4
X1=
0 .85 . f c\ 2 Rn
1 1
fy 0 .85 . f c\ d
Fd
0.003868 q
min = 0.0018 Minimum As Required for Footings
of Uniform Thickness, for Grade 60
Reinforcement
" Reference ACI 318 - 02, clause 7.12.2.1"
0.0039
Required As = x B x d
= 0.0039 x 4000 x 485
= 7503.98 mm²
Elevation
Use Steel with 20 mm A = 314.16 mm²
= 25
= 160 mm
Provided As = NPb x A
= 25 x 314.16
= 7853.98 mm²
X1 = ((L-a)/2)
= 1.7 m
X 12
Mu net qu net B
2
= 562.652 KN.m
M ux1
Required Rn = = 0.9 Strength Rediction Factor
.B.d 2 " Reference ACI 318 - 02, clause 9.3.2"
Rn = 664.437 KN/m²
0 .85 . f c\ 2 Rn
1 1 0.0016
fy 0 .85 . f c\
min = 0.0018 Minimum As Required for Footings of Uniform Thickness, for Grade 60
Reinforcement " Reference ACI 318 - 02, clause 7.12.2.1"
0.0018
Required As = x B x d
= 0.0018 x 4000 x 485
= 3492.00 mm²
= 12
= 348 mm
Provided As = NPt x A
= 12 x 314.16
= 3769.911
Ph G.L
My3 = Wp x ( e x / 2 ) Bending Moment due to
= 35.13 x 0.264 Weight of Chimney Wp
= 9.28 K N.m "About Y" Ws
Mx4 = Pu x e y Bending Moment due to
= 1788.00 x 0.528 Upward Force Pc
= 944.83 K N.m "About X" Wf
Pd = Pc + Wp
= 1788.00 + 35.13 Wf
= 1823.13 KN
Pf = Pu - Wp
= 1788.00 - 35.13
= 1752.87 KN
1 = 0.65
h0 1 1
Mu Mxu Myu = 585.98 K N.m
b 1
h0 1 1
Mc Mxc Myc = 88.44 KN.m
b 1
7.9.3 DESIGN FOR COMPRESSION:
actual = As / ( h0 x b )
= 0.04363
e copm. = Mc / Pc
= 88.44 / 2400.00
= 0.03685 m
e1 = d - ( h0 / 2 ) + e comp.
= 490.50 - 300 + 36.849
= 227.35 mm
d1 = cov + Sd + Asd / 2
= 85 + 12 + 12.5
= 109.5 mm
fy
m1 = = 420 / 28 = 17.647
0 .85 . f c'
e1 e
2
d e
Pc1 = 0 . 85 . f c .b .d 1 1 1 2 . . ( m 1 1).( 1 1 ) 1
'
d d d d
= 10146.69 KN > 2400.000 KN
Mu = 585.98 K N.m
In order to calculate the iteraction curve due to the uplift force, it is necessary to calcuate the bending capacity
of the section Mu0 when the axial load is zero, Also we need to determine Pu00 the maximum axial capacity of
the section in the absence of the moment.
we will assume the x value " distance of the center of rotation from the center line of the section" and then it
will be adjusted to be as foolow
y = fy / E
= 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
fs = ( s / y ) f y = 145.759 Mpa
Eq = Ts - Cc - Cs = 585.201
Xts = 0.5 * ( d -d1 ) = 190.5 mm Tension Steel Distance from the center
Xcs = 0.5 * ( d -d1 ) = 190.5 mm Compression Steel Distance from the center
= 0.261 + 0.497
= 0.758 < 1
7.9.5 TIES:
ds = 12 mm Diameter of Ties
The bearing strength of the footing is increased by a factor Sqrt ( A2 / A1 ) <= 2 due to the large footing area
permitting a greater distribution of the column load.
Fd=
4 " Reference ACI 318 - 02, clause 15.8"
1.2
4 0.6
1.2
0.6
0.6
A1 is the column (loaded) area and A2 is the plan area of the lower base of the largest frustum of the pyramide , cone
or tapered wedge cotained wholly within the support and for having its upper base the loaded area , and having side
slopes of 1 vertical to 2 horizontal.
A1 = Ap = 360000 0
A2 / A1 = 5 > 2 A2 / A1 = 2
Note that bearing on the column concrete will allways govern until the strength of the column concrete exceeds
twice that of the footing concrete
A2
Pnb .( 0 .85 . f c' . A1 ).
A1
= 11138.4 KN > 3595.756 OK
Even though bearing on the column and footing concrete is adequate to transfer the factored loads, a minimum area
of reinforcement is required across the interface.
" Reference ACI 318 - 02, clause 15.8.2.1"
Asmin = 0.005 x Ap Ap Area of Pedestal
= 0.005 x 360000
= 1800 0
Shorter development lengths are required for bars in compression than in tension since the weakening effect of
flexural tension cracks in the concrete is not present. The development length for deformed bars or deformed wire in
compression is dc = (db.fy) / (4.Sqrt (f c)), but not less than 0.04.db.fy or 200mm.
" Reference ACI 318 - 02, clause 12.3"
fy
dc1 = db
4 f c'
dc1 = 496.08 mm
dc2 = 0 .04 f y db
= 420 mm
dc3 = 200 mm
= 600 - 85 - 40 - 25
h=
20
= 450 > 389.78 OK Therefore, the dowels can be fully developed in the footing
Note: If case the avilable development length is less than the required length, either increase footing depth or
use larger number of smaller size dowels. Also note that if the footing dowels are bent for placement on top of
Fd =
the footing reinforcement , the bent portion cannot be considered effective for development the bars in
compression. X X
B=
7.13.1 EXCAVATION:
L = 4 m
B = 4 m 0.5
h = 3.5 m
Fd = 600 mm 3.5
H = h + Fd = 4.1 m
X = 0.5 m
0.6
s = 20 deg
4
Y = H x tan ( s )
= 4.1 x 0.364
= 1.492 m
Vs = H
3
At Ab At Ab Volume of Soil to be Excavated
Vs = 175.9 m³
L = 4 m Footing Length
B = 4 m Footing Width
7.13.3 BACKFILL:
OL = h + Eh + Fd
= 4.6 m
A= 4.46 m
A1 = OL - Fd + dc
= 4.6 - 0.6 + 0.3898
= 4.390 m B= 0.30 m
A = A1 x
= 4.390 x 1.016
= 4.46 m
B = 12 x Asd
= 12 x 25
= 0.30 m
a1 = a - 2. cov 200
= 0.6 - 0.17 a1 0.43
= 0.43 m
3- Footing Rebars:
C:\Users\usuario\Desktop\Design Pad & Chimney Foundation1.xls 23/25
Date: August 31, 2018
By: MAK
C1 = (( Fd - 2. cov ) / 2 ) + 0.1
= 0.315 m
C2 = L - ( 2 x cov )
= 4 - 0.17
= 3.83 m
ds = 12 mm Diameter of Ties
NS = 21 mm Number of Ties
LS ( Total ) = LS x NS
= 2.02 x 21
= 41.56 m
3- Footing Rebars:
B
L
DESIGN OF PAD & CHIMNEY FOUNDATION
0
Tower Type "A10"
(Towers Include: # PI - 21)
Pc = 2400.00 KN B = 4.00 m
Pu = 1788.00 KN L = 4.00 m
Factored Loads
Q = 482.59 KN Eh = 500.00 mm
M = 0.00 KN a = 600.00 mm
STEEL REINFORCEMENT
PAD CHIMNEY
Top reinforcement for Chimney Vertical
Ties ( Stirrups )
C2 = 3.83 Pad Bars