le D 1.2 Skill Builder Degree of Accuracy We are often asked to write an answer to a given decimal place. To do this, we can use a number line To write 7.3 to the nearest whole number: Place 7.3 on a number line in tenths. 3 is the last digit. It is in the tenths position. So, use a number line in tenths. whole number tenth ' ' 6 ri 8 7.3 is closer to 7 than to 8. So, 7.3 to the nearest whole number is: 7 ‘To write 3.67 to the nearest tenth: Place 3.67 on a number line in hundredths. 71s the last digit. Itisin the hundredths tenth hundredth position. So, use a | { ‘number line in hundredths. 35 36 367 37 3.67 is closer to 3.7 than to 3.6, So, 3.67 to the nearest tenth is: 3.7 Check 4. Write each number to the nearest whole number. Mark it on the number line. a) 53 b) 6.8 Q 71 d) 6.4 SH 5 6 ; 7 2. Write each number to the nearest tenth. Mark it on the number line. a) 2.53 b) 2.64 © 2.58 d) 2.66Squares and Square Roots on Number Lines a Most numbers ate not perfect squares. You can use number lines to estimate the square roots of these numbers ‘Squares 1 ee ribet tea G eeeeceecl eeepced wastrel comrag et aoteeerlereereeeer jist | i=? | Ves | 1B=4 135 «SiN =o +—+—_+—__+—_1_+ 1 eres eeea tea teatro eeetiig, ‘Square roots 10 is between the perfect squares 9 and 16. 910 16 So, (Tis between /3 and (76. dcigcrcracal {9=3and [16 =4 fe ¥ So, 110 is between 3 and 4. 3.410 4 70 is closer to 9 thant 16, s0 \10 is closer to 3 than 4. Check with a calculator. 110 = 3.2, which is between 3 and 4 Check 1. Between which 2 consecutive whole numbers is each square root? Explain. a) (22 Refer to the squares and square roats ‘number lines. 22 is between the perfect squares 16 and 25. So, (2 is between and J So, (22 is between and b) 6 6 is between the perfect squares andThe Pythagorean Theorem You can use the Pythagorean Theorem to find unknown lengths in in ight tiengles Hypstous 2d — Pythagorean Theor Pte Legs To find the length of the hypotenuse, h, in this triangle: \ oe The length of the hypotenuse is 13 cm. Check 4. Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the length of each hypotenuse, f. a) b) 10cm h 120m 24am oem 2 __cm. _ The length of the hypotenuse is_cm.D 1.2 Square Roots of Non-Perfect Squares [EGETEN Approximate the square roots of decimals and fractions that are not perfect squares. The top number line shows all the perfect squares from 1 to 100. Squares, 1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100 +++ ttt eee Sede Ohe Ope? meant 10) ‘Square roots The bottom number line shows the square root of each number in the top line. You can use these lines to estimate the square roots of fractions and decimals that are not perfect squares Example 7 | Estimating a Square Root of a Decimal Estimate: (68.5 Solution 68.5 is between the perfect squares 64 and 81. Squares aoe pee 64 685 at So, {685 is between (64 and /8t That is, (68.5 is between 8 and 9, fe ; me t Since 68.5 is closer to 64 than 81, (68.5 is closer to 8 than 9. 4+ — 8 ees 9 So, {685 is between 8 and 9, and closer to & ‘Square roots Check 1. Estimate each square root. Explain your estimate. a) (13.5 13.5 is between the perfect squares So, (735 is between {and That is, 13.5 is between and__. Since 13.5 is closer to__than_, 13.5 is closer to __ than So, (73.5 is between ___and and closer tob) (515 51.5 is between the perfect squares___aand_. So, (515 is between {and /__- That is, (51.5 is between ___and__. Since 51.5 is closerto___than_, (51.5 iscloserto___than__. So, (54.5 is between ___and__, andcloserto__. Example 2 | Estimating a Square Root of a Fraction a Estimate: [35 Solution Find the closest perfect square to the numerator and denominator. In the fraction 3: 0 3 is close to the perfect square 4. 10 is close to the perfect square 9. Check 41. Estimate each square root. BS iz aa 7 23 is close to the perfect square__. 8 is close to the perfect square 80 is close to the perfect square __. 17 is close to the perfect square (B.. 0, 35 pete rereExample 3 | Finding a Number with a Square Root between Two Given Numbers Identify a decimal that has a square root between 5 and 6. Solution 52 = 25, so 5 is a square root of 25. Squar 6? = 36, so 6 is a square root of 36. ie, acid be So, any decimal between 25 and 36 has a square root : ! between 5 and 6. a } Choose 32.5. 4 5 \a5 6 7 ‘Square roots Check the answer by using a calculator. 4325 = 5.7, which is between 5 and 6. So, the decimal 32.5 is one correct answer. There are many more correct answers. 1a) Identify a decimal that has a square root between 7 and 8. Check the answer. Rp and 8? = So, any decimal between and has a square root between 7 and 8. Choose Check the answer on a calculator. The decimal is one correct answer. b) identify a decimal that has a square root between 11 and 12. and So, any decimal between and has a square root between 11 and 12 Choose So, is one correct answer.\e 4.For each number, name the 2 closest perfect squares and their square roots. Number | Two closest perfect squares Their square roots ay |4a4 | __and__ iveandie b) [108 | __and_ fccianded 2 9 [1259 |__and__ and a [975 |__ and [and 2. For each fraction, name the closest perfect square and its square root for the numerator and for the denominator. Fraction | Closest perfect squares Their square roots a) |2 Numerator: ___; denominator: and Ww ( b) ls Numerator: ___; denominator: and 91% Numerator: _; denominator: and % Numerator: denominator: and 3B. Estimate each square root. Explain. a) 16 1.6 is between and __. So, (76 is between [and {__. That is, (16 is between ___ and _ Since 1.6 is closer to ‘than , 11.6 is closer to than So, (7.6 is between ___ and _, and closer to b) (445 44.5 is between __and So, [445 is between nd That is, /445is between __and_. Since 44.5 is closer to__ than {44 Sis doserto___ than So, (44.5is between __and and closer too 758 75.8 isbetween and. So, (758 is between {and J. That is, /758 is between __ and __ Since 75.8 is closer to__ than _, 758 is closer to__than__. So, [75Bis between ___and __, and closer to__. 4, Estimate each square root. Explain. iz _ ») a) y Tis close to___; 15s close to 2is close to__; 7 is close to s coy 08 a & 99s close to__; 122 is close to 5. Identify a decimal that has a square root between the two given numbers. Check the answer. a) 1 and 2 2 and 22 So, any number between and has @ square root between 1 and 2 Choose _ and 9 = So, any number between and has a square root between 8 and 9, Choose Check: J The decimal is one possible answer.©) 25 and35 = and So, any number between and has a square root between 2.5 and 3.5. Choose Check: J : The decimal is one correct answer. d) 20 and 21 = and So, any number between and has a square root between 20 and 21 ‘Choose Check: [——_ The decimal ‘is one correct answer. 6. Determine the length of the hypotenuse in each right triangle. Write each answer to the nearest tenth. a) of 63m 5.1? + 6.32 rR re So, hisabout___m. b) | ne h= So, his about m.Can you... * Identify decimals and fractions that are perfect squares? * Find the square roots of decimals and fractions that are perfect squares? * Approximate the square roots of decimals and fractions that are Not perfect squares? 1, Calculate the number whose square root is: 2 8 a) 2 b) 2x2- x eg reat Babette nt Bs an 2 isa square root of __. Bisa square root of O01 ad) 14 sete 14x 145 0.1 is a square root of 2. Identify the fractions that are perfect squares. The first one has been done for you. 1.4 is a square root of Fraction | 1s numerator a perfect square? Is denominator a perfect square? ] is fraction a | perfect square? 4 a) | 55 Yes; 8 x 8 = 64 No No |S Ole 4.) Put a check mark beside each decimal that is a perfect square. i) 4.84 ii) 3.63 i) 98.01 'b) Explain how you identified the perfect squares in part a iv) 67.24yo 5.a) Find the area of the shaded square. Area = (Length)? J The area is __. square units. fb) Find the side length of the shaded square. ‘i Length area = 2; square units 1 unit ~The side length is units. 6. Estimate each square root. Explain, a) {75 7.5 isbetween___ and So, (75 is between {____ and {_- That is, 7.5 is between _and Since 7.5 is closer to than 475 is closer to ‘than : So, (7-5 is between and and closer to b) (666 66.6 is between___and So, (66.6 is between [and {—_. That is, {66.6 is between ____and__. Since 66.6 is closerto___than___—, (66.6 iscloserto__than__. So, [66.6is between __and__ andcloserto___.7. Estimate each square root. a) 35 15's close to__; 79 is close to 23 is close to 50 is close to 8. Identify a decimal whose square root is between the given numbers. Check your answer. a) 2and3 2=_ i andst=_ So, any number between ___and_has a square root between 2 and 3. Choose __. Check: J-— The decimal ___is one correct answer. b) 6 and7 So, any number between and has a square root between 6 and 7. Choose y = The decimal is one correct answer. 9. Find the length of each hypotenuse. a) The length of the hypotenuse is The length of the hypotenuse is about m about m.