irakli gelaSvili

korneli kekeliZis saxelobis

saqarTvelos xelnawerTa erovnuli centri

giorgi galatozTa zeda damdegis ucnobi

warwera ruisis RmrTismSoblis taZridan

sofeli ruisi mdebareobs istoriul Sida qarTlSi, exlandeli qarelis raionSi,

qarelidan 5km.-ze, gori xaSuris saavtomobilo gzaze. sofeli mdidaria istoriuli
ZeglebiT. SemorCenilia erTi nasoflari, eqvsi eklesia da erTi RmrTismSoblis taZris
kompleqsi. swored es ukanaskneli warmoadgens Cveni kvlevis sagans.
RmrTismSoblis taZris kompleqsi mdebareobs soflis centrSi, masSi Sedis
RmrTismSoblis saxelobis taZari, koSki-samreklo da galavani. Sua saukuneebSi aq iyo
mrovel episkoposTa kaTedra. RmrTismSoblis eklesiaSi mefed ekurTxa giorgi II (1072-
1089 ww.), romlis drosac ruisi qarTlis dedaqalaqis rols asrulebda 1.
gadmocemis Tanaxmad ruisis taZris ageba vaxtang gorgaslis saxels ukavSirdeba
Tumca am xanis nagebobas Cvenamde ar mouRwevia. giorgi CubinaSvili, romlis xelmZRva-
nelobiTac 1939-1940 wlebSi azomvebs awarmoebdnen levan rCeuliSvili da niko CubinaS-
vili, aRniSnavs: `ruisis taZari warmogvidgeba rogorc xuroTmoZRvruli kompozicia,
romelic Seqmnilia ara romelime garkveul istoriul periodSi erTbaSad da mTlia-
nad, aramed SemaerTebelia Tavis TavSi sxva da sxva epoqisa da elementebisa, romelic
kargad erwymis erTmaneTs~ 2. giorgi CubinaSvilis daskvniT, ruisis RmrTismSoblis taZ-
ris kompleqsSi uZvelesi samSeneblo fena VIII-IX saukuneebs miekuTvneba, meore fena _
X saukunes, mesame fena ki _ XI saukunis dasawyiss. `mesame fena gansxvavebiT meore fe-
nisagan, ar iyo gamowveuli Senobis winaswari dangreviT. aramed surdaT eCvenebinaT
siZliere am feodaluri centrisa, Zveli taZari aRar akmayofilebda xuroTmoZRvrebaSi
axlad damkvidrebul formebsa da normebs~ 3, – aRniSnavs giorgi CubinaSvili.
Temur-lengis laSqrobebis Semdeg kompleqsi Zlier dazianda. mefe aleqsandre I-ma
didi samSeneblo samuSaoebi Caatara da mTlianad aRadgina kompleqsi. aRdgeniTi samu-
Saoebi uwarmoebiaT aseve XVI-XVII saukuneebSic.
taZari mniSvnelovani da sainteresoa epigrafikis TvalsazrisiT, mis kedlebze
mravladaa rogorc lapidaruli, ise nakawri warwerebi, romlebic Seswavlas moiTxovs.
Cveni interesis sferos swored ruisis taZris epigrafikuli fondi warmoadgens. war-
werebis nawili baTqaSiT iyo dafaruli jer kidev XIX saukunis 80-ian wlebSi. ai, ras
wers gazeT iveriis korespondenti garso sikoZe 1878 wlis agvistos nomerSi: `ufro me-
tad sayuradRebo da SesaniSnavia `feris-cvalobis~ eklesia, romelSiac wirva-locva
sruldeba, rogorc Zvelis SesaniSnavis arxiteqturiT, ise mravlis Zvirfasis Cuqur-
TmiT da zedwarweriT; Signidan gaulesiaT kiriT da daufaravT yovelive... garedanac,
umetesi nawili warwerebisa, kiriT amouvsiaT SebaTqaSebis dros. aqeben am eklesiis
mdidars biblioTekas... imedia didad pativcemuli dimitri baqraZe, an sxva vinme, ar
dastoveben am SesaniSnavs warwerebsa da biblioTekas uyuradRebod~ 4.
XX saukunis dasawyisSi ruisis taZris mdgomareobis Sesaxeb amave gazeT
`iveriaSi~ vkiTxulobT: `sadac wveTs udenia, Selesili kiri mTlad mohSorebia; zogan
amoburculia, dRes ara xval moimzRvleva. CrdiloeTiTa da samxreTiT midgmuli
salaroebi darRveulebi arian; CrdiloeTis salaro mainc cud mdgomareobaSia. Sua
kedeli Camongreula Tu CamoungreviaT, ase rom kaci advilad Seva da gamova~ 5.
aleqsandre mefis warweris ganxilvisas, SeniSvnebSi, SeTeTrebebze saubrobs gior-
gi CubinaSvilic. igi aRniSnavs, rom `warwera gaurkvevlad ikiTxeba SeTeTrebis gamo,
romelic mxolod nawilobrivaa Camocilebuli~ 6. albaT swored es gaxldaT mizezi,

1 vaxuSti batoniSvili, aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa, qarTlis cxovreba, tomi IV, teqsti dadgenili yve-
la ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier (Tbilisi, 1973), gv. 148.
2 g. CubinaSvili, ruisis taZris istoriisaTvis,enimikis moambe, V-VI (Tbilisi, 1940), gv. 429.
3 iqve, gv. 446.
4 garso sikoZe, sofeli ruisi, mariamobisTvis 11-s, iveria, 17 agvisto, #178 (1886), gv.3.
5 droebiTi meTvalyure, sofeli ruisi, iveria, 14 agvisto, #173 (1903), gv.1.
6 g. CubinaSvili. dasax. naSromi, gv. 462.
346
rom giorgi galatozTa zeda damdegis warweram ver miiqcia mkvlevarTa yuradReba.
warwera imdenad axlosaa aleqsandre mefis saaRmSeneblo warwerasTan (mis marcxniv,
qveda mxares, daaxloebiT, 70 sm-is moSorebiT), rom warmoudgenelia, ar moxvedriliyo
mkvlevarTa mxedvelobis areSi. amasTanave, sayuradReboa, rom SeTeTrebis kvali dResac
kargad etyoba taZars.
ruisis RmrTismSoblis saxelobis taZris kompleqs spirvelad vewvieT 2014 wlis
ivnisSi, ra drosac gamovavlineT ramdenime ucnobi nakawri warwera, gadmoviReT ro-
gorc maTi, aseve cnobili warwerebis paleografiuli aslebi da daviwyeT maTi Ses-
wavla. amJamad gadmoRebuli gvaqvs 30-mde warweris paleografiuli asli (aqedan, mxo-
lod samia cnobili) da mimdinareobs maTze muSaoba, axlo momavalSi igegmeba am war-
werebis gamocema statiebis saxiT da isini male gaxdeba cnobili samecniero sazoga-
doebis farTo wereebisaTvis.
winamdebare statiaSi warmogidgenT ruisis taZris sam warweras. romelTagan erT-
erTi, giorgi galatozTa zeda damdegis ucnobi warwera, samecniero mimoqcevaSi pirve-
lad Semogvaqvs. warweras, paleografiuli niSnebis mixedviT, XVII saukuniT vaTari-
RebT. warweraSi moxseniebuli giorgi xelmZRvanelobda ruisis taZris kompleqsis
aRdgeniT samuSaoebs, romelic warmoebda XVII saukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi dedofal
mariam dadianis iniciativiT. am warweris paleografiuli piri pirvelad qveyndeba.
teqsts Tan axlavs sruli arqeografiuli da paleografiuli daxasiaTeba.
aseve, pirvelad Semogvaqvs samecniero mimoqcevaSi XV saukunis ori warweris: al-
eqsandre mefis saaRmSeneblo warwerisa da Salva galatozTa zedamdegis warweris pa-
leografiuli pirebi. warwerebis teqstebi ramdenjerme aris gamoqveynebuli mcire uz-
ustobebiT. winamdebare statiaSi viZleviT zemoT xsenebuli warwerebis dazustebul
wakiTxvebs.
warmogidgenT giorgi galatozTa zeda damdegis warweras romelmac pirveli vizi-
tisTanave miiqcia Cveni yuradReba.
arqeografiuli daxasiaTeba: asomTavruli; 3 striqoni; darRveulia warweris hori-
zontaluri mdebareoba, pirveli da meore striqonebi dawerilia aswvriv marcxnidan
marjvniv xolo mesame striqoni piriqiT, qvemoT eSveba. nakveTia didi asoebiT, Rrma kve-
TiT, taZris dasavleTis karis marcxena mxares, TvalsaCino adgilas, iatakidan 198 sm.
simaRleze. uWiravs farTobi 45,0X25,0 sm.; yvelaze didi grafema qanis zoma: 7,6X2,3 sm.;
yvelaze patara grafema anis zoma: 2,6X2,0 sm.; warwera kidurwaisrulia. grafemebisaTvis
damaxasiaTebelia ligatura. gankveTilobis niSani: orwertili. gamoyenebulia Suakveci-
lobiTi daqaragmeba. qaragmis niSnia ganivi klaknili xazi.

† q˜e: S˜e. g˜i: saxelT: od˜en

galt˜zTa | meored. aRmaSenblTa: z˜a
dam|degi: da.Sns:Rn: an

† q(rist)e S(eiwyal)e g(iorg)i,

saxel{i}T oden gal(a)t(o)zTa, |
meored aRmaSen{e}b{e}lTa, z(ed)a
dam|degi, da S{eund}n{e}s R{merTma}n
a{mi}n.

paleografiuli daxasiaTeba: asomTavruli warwera moTavsebulia orxazovan

badeSi. Tumca, badis gareT gadasulia onisa da ganis qusli, qanis, taris, xanis da enis
fexi. warweraSi ani aTjer dasturdeba, rva SemTxvevaSi Tavi tans mocilebulia da
kidurwaisrulia, tanis qveda rkali zemoTkenaa mokauWebuli, mxolod meore striqonis
bolo sityvaSi ani, sxvebisgan gansxvavebiT, gadmocemulia Zirs daSvebuli da farTod
gaxsnili tanis qveda rkaliT romelic aseve waisrulia. zeda xazi aTive SemTxvevaSi
moxrilia, boloebi qvemoTaa daSvebuli. doni warweraSi dadasturebulia xuTjer, ori
sxva da sxva maxasiaTeblebiT. pirvel da meore striqonebSi doni gadmocemulia mrgva-
li, odnav wagrZelebuli, mucliT, romelic maRali yeliT ukavSirdeba zeda ganiv
xazs, ganivi xazi moxrilia da boloebi daSvebulia qvemoT; mesame striqonis pirvel
347
da meore sityvaSi ki donis wagrZelebuli muceli wawvetebulia rac am grafemis ganvi-
Tarebis momdevno etaps warmoadgens. zeda ganivi xazebis marcxena kidis zemoT agrexa
damaxasiaTebelia ganis, inis, lasis, enis, zenisa da manisaTvis. nari warweraSi dadas-
turebulia xuTjer, romlis Tavi sakmaod dagrZelebulia da morkaluli. oni warwe-
raSi orjer dasturdeba da orive SemTxvevaSi gadmocemulia wagrZelebuli taniT ro-
melsac marjvnidan aqvs midgmuli Zirs daxrili maryuJi. sainteresoa Tanis moxazulo-
bac, igi warweraSi dadasturebulia samjer, erT SemTxvevaSi mocemulia klasikuri
formiT: mogrZo naxevarwres _ mucels, marjvnidan midgmuli aqvs mokauWebuli tari.
xolo danarCen or SemTxvevaSi samkbila Tania mocemuli (msgavsi SemTxveva gvaqvs ro-
kiTis macxovris eklesiis dasavleTis Sesasvlelis Tavze arsebul asomTavrul war-
weraSi. sadac ostati erT SemTxvevaSi Cveulebriv klasikuri formiT gadmoscems Tans,
xolo sxva SemTxvevaSi samkbila Tania amokveTili) 1.
zemoT CamoTvlili paleografiuli niSnebis mixedviT, warwera msgavsebas iCens XVII
saukunis ZeglebTan (mWadijvris eklesiis saaRmSeneblo warwera (1668 w.)2, rokiTis mac-
xovris eklesiis warwera (1661 w.) 3, qaixosro baraTaSvil-abaSiSvilis epitafia pirRebu-
lis monastridan (1642 w) 4 da a. S. aqedan gamomdinare, giorgi galatozTa zeda damdegis
warwera XVII saukuniT unda daTariRdes. Tumca, SesaZlebelia warweris qronologiuri
CarCoebis kidev ufro daviwroeba. XVII saukuneSi ruisis RvTismSoblis saxelobis taZa-
ri ganaaxles da Seamkes dedofal mariam dadianis brZanebiT. amis Sesaxeb vaxuSti bato-
niSvili wers: `samÃriT urbnisisa ars ruisis mTis Zirs, daba didi ruisi da eklesia
RvTaebisa, gumbaTiani, didi, didSeni... Semusra langTemur; aRaSena eklesia ese o'v mefeman
aleqsandre. Semdgomad kualad ganaaxla da Seamko p'T dedofalman mariam~5.
rogorc Cans, swored am periodis samSeneblo samuSaoebs xelmZRvanelobda giorgi
galatozTa zeda damdegi6. aqedan gamomdinare, warwerac mariam dedoflis qarTlSi
moRvaweobis periodiT unda ganisazRvros. mariam dadiani gaxldaT qarTlis mefis ros-
tom xanis meuRle. igi qarTlis dedofali gaxda 1634 wels. rostom xanis gardacvale-
bis Semdeg Sahma qarTlis samefo taxti vaxtang muxran-batons uboZa da ubrZana,
colad mariam dedofali SeerTo. vaxtang V gaSorda Tavis meuRles rodam yaflanis
asul orbelians, sulxan sabas mamidas da colad mariam dedofali SeirTo. rodam
orbeliani Semonazvnebula ekaterines saxeliT da gardaicvala 1681 wels. dakrZa-
lulia ruisis taZarSi 7.
mariam dadianma bevri iRvawa qristianuli sarwmunoebis ganmtkicebisa da qarTuli
mwignobrobis aRorZinebisaTvis. saxsrebs ar iSurebda gatacebul jvar-xatTa Tu xel-
naweri wignebis gamosaxsnelad, axali saero Tu saeklesio wignebis gadasanusxad (swo-
red mis saxels ukavSirdeba XVII saukuneSi gadawerili `qarTlis cxovrebis~ erT-erTi
xelnaweri, romelic mariamiseuli qarTlis cxovrebis saxeliT aris cnobili). misi
brZanebiTa da safasiT aris aRdgenil-ganaxlebuli Tu aSenebuli aRmosavleT saqar-
Tvelos araerTi taZari.
azrTa sxvadasxvaoba arsebobs mariam dedoflis gardacvalebis TariRis Taobaze.
wyaroebi sxvadasxva TariRs asaxeleben, Tumca yvela maTgani XVII saukunis 80-iani wle-
bis pirvel naxevarSi Tavsdeba 8. maSasadame, mariam dedoflis qarTlSi moRvaweobis pe-
riodi XVII saukunis 30-iani wlebidan 80-iani wlebis pirvel naxevramde periods
moicavs. aqedan gamomdinare, warwerac imave periodiT unda daTariRdes. Tu kidev ufro

1 v. beriZe, XVI-XVIII ss. qarTuli saeklesio xuroTmoZRvreba (Tbilisi, 1994), gv. 181, tab.251.
2 iqve, gv.35; tab.52.
3 iqve, gv. 181; tab.251.
4 n. baxtaZe, n. kupraSvili, l. mirianaSvili, k. zenderi, T. jojua, pirRebulis monasteri, 1989 da 2002-2003
wlebis kompleqsuri samecniero eqspediciis Sedegebi (Tbilisi, 2005), gv. 195.
5 vaxuSti batoniSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 373-374.
6 termini „galatozi“, `galatozTuxucesi“ adrindeli formaa igi gvxvdeba SoroTas, bediis, dixazurgis
epigrafikul ZeglebSi. mogvianebiT gvxvdeba sxva terminebic: „zedamdgomeli“, an zedamdgomi“. gvian-
feodalur xanaSi mSenebeli TavisTavs umetesad ostats uwodebs. mag.; barakonis, manglisis, vaSlovanis,
da sxva warwerebSi. amis paralelurad rostom mefis dros xmarebaSi Semodis sparsuli sityva „sarida-
ri“, romelmac qarTuli xuroTmoZRvari Secvala. ix. wgn. javaxeTis epigrafikuli korpusi, gamosacemad
moamzades da gamokvlevebi daurTes: valeri silogavam, lia axalaZem, merab beriZem (Tbilisi, 2012), gv.
154-155.
7a. tuRuSi, cxovreba da Rvawli dedofal mariam dadianisa (Tbilisi, 1992), gv.40.
8 iqve, gv.53-54.

348
CavuRrmavdebiT sakiTxs da gadavxedavT mariam dedoflis iniciativiT warmoebuli
saaRmSeneblo samuSaoebis qronologias aRniSnul regionSi, SegviZlia, kidev ufro
davaviwrovoT es qronologiuri CarCo. mariam dedoflis brZanebiT taZris agebis
Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs zRuderis wm. giorgis saxelobis eklesiis asomTavruli saaR-
mSeneblo warwera (XVII s. II naxevari) 1, aradeTis eklesiis saaRmSeneblo warwera (1666
w.) 2 da urbnisis taZris mxedruli saaRmSeneblo warwera (1668 w.) 3. aqedan gamomdinare,
mariam dedoflis iniciativiT am regionSi eklesia-monastrebis aRdgeniTi samuSaoebi
uwarmoebiaT XVII saukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi. safiqrebelia, rom amave periodSi unda
CaetarebinaT aRdgeniTi samuSaoebi ruisis taZris kompleqszec. aqedan gamomdinare,
warwerac XVII saukunis 60-70-iani wlebiT SeiZleba daTariRdes.
ruisis RvTismSoblis taZridan samecniero sazogadoebisaTvis cnobilia Salva gala-
tozTa zeda mdegis warwera, romelic moTavsebulia taZris samxreT fasadze, Sesasvleli
karis marcxena mxares, iatakis donidan daaxloebiT, 220 sm. simaRleze. warweris teqsti
ramdenjermea gamoqveynebuli, Tumca misi detaluri aRwera da paleografiuli asli
pirvelad Semogvaqvs samecniero wre-brunvaSi. aseve, dazustebebi Segvaqvs wakiTxvaSic.
arqeografiuli daxasiaTeba: asomTavruli; 4 striqo-
ni; daculia warweris horizontaluri mdebareoba. nakve-
Tia didi asoebiT, Rrma kveTiT, taZris samxreT karis mar-
cxena mxares, TvalsaCino adgilas, iatakidan 220 sm. simaR-
leze. uWiravs farTobi 45,0X27,0 sm.; yvelaze didi grafema
`gani~-is zoma: 14.0X6.5 sm.; yvelaze patara grafema `ani~-is
zoma: 3.0X2.5 sm.; warwera kidurwaisrulia. grafemebisaTvis
damaxasiaTebelia ligatura. gamoyenebulia xmovankveci-
lobiTi da SuakvecilobiTi daqaragmeba, qaragmis niSnia
swori ganivi xazi.

gltozT | za mdegsa | S˜lvas Sns | R˜n a˜n

g{a}l{a}tozT | z{ed}a mdegsa | S(a)lvas S{eund}n{e}s |

R(merTma)n a(mi)n.

paleografiuli daxasiaTeba: asomTavruli warwera

moTavsebulia orxazovan badeSi, mxolod ganis qusli Ca-
modis odnav qvemoT. Sesrulebulia Rrma, mkafio kveTiT.
maRali grafemebi gamoyvanilia lamazi xeliT, daferilia
singuriT, xasiaTdeba asomTavrulisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
mrgvali formebiT. warweraSi ani oTxjer dasturdeba, oTxive SemTxvevaSi Tavi tans
mocilebulia, grafema gadmocemulia ori naxevarwris saxiT zeda naxevarwre odnav pa-
taraa, naxevarwreebis marcxena kideebi waisrulia. warweraSi doni meore striqonis me-
ore sityvaSi dasturdeba, patara grafemaa da Cawerilia manis mucelSi, dazianebulia,
gadmocemulia mrgvali odnav wagrZelebuli mucliT, zeda ganivi xazi ki ar ikiTxeba.
zeda ganivi xazebis marcxena kidis zemoT agrexa damaxasiaTebelia ganis, lasis, zenisa
da manisaTvis. nari warweraSi dadasturebulia samjer, romlis Tavi sakmaod dagrZele-
bulia da morkaluri. oni gadmocemulia wagrZelebuli taniT romelsac marjvnidan
aqvs midgmuli Zirs daxrili maryuJi.
teqstis dadgena da analizi: warwera mcired dazianebulia, Tumca teqstis wakiT-
xva did sirTules ar warmoadgens. igi ramdenjermea gamocemuli. ZiriTadi teqstis wa-
kiTxva eWvs ar iwvevs, Tumca meore striqonis meore sityvas mkvlevarebi gansxvavebu-
lad kiTxuloben. mari brose, romelmac pirvelma gamosca teqsti qaragmebis gaxsniT,
pirdapir kiTxulobs `momgesa~, Tumca sqolioSi aRniSnavs, rom weria sityva `mogesa~ 4,
xolo eqvTime TayaiSvili 1907 wels gamocemul wignSi `arqeologiuri mogzaurobani da

1
Меписашвили Р., Цинцадзе В., Архитектура нагорной части – исторической провинции Грузии – Шида Картли (Тбилиси, 1975),
с.138.
2 p. zaqaraia, saqarTvelos Zveli qalaqebi da cixeebi, (Tbilisi, 1973), gv.130.
3 p. zaqaraia, naqalaqar urbnisis xuroTmoZRvreba (Tbilis, 1965), gv.93.
4
Brosset M., Rapports sur un voyage archeologique dans la Georgie et dans l’Armenie, execute en 1847-1848 (sixieme rapport) (1851), p.7.
349
SeniSvnani~, kiTxulobs `moegsa~ 1, giorgi CubinaSvilma ki (romelic pirvelad 1923 wels
ewvia taZars, 1938-1940 wlebSi ki misi xelmZRvanelobiT, aq azomviTi samuSaoebi Caata-
res levan rCeuliSvilma da niko CubinaSvilma) gaiziara mari broseseuli wakiTxva da
fiqrobda, rom swori wakiTxvaa `momgesa~ 2. SemdgomSi Tuki vinme Seexo aRniSnul sa-
kiTxs, meqanikurad gaimeora warweris an erTi an meore wakiTxva.
Cveni azriT, mkvlevarebi SecdomaSi Seiyvana manis mucelSi Cawerili dazianebuli
grafemis arasworma wakiTxvam. am grafemas isini kiTxulobdnen rogorc oni. Tu
davuSvebT, rom dazianebuli grafema onia, maSin namdvilad gamova sityva `moegsa~,
rogorc amas eqvTime TayaiSvili fiqrobda. magram, radgan am sityvis mniSvneloba
gaugebaria, mkvlevarebma adgilebi Seucvales ens da gans da miiRes sityva `mogesa~,
romlis qaragmebis gaxsnis Semdegac miiRes sityva `mo[m]gesa~, igive `momgebelsa~. Cveni
azriT, am SemTxvevaSi, sityvam ki SeiZina mniSvneloba, magram bundovani gaxada teqstis
Sinaarsi: `galatozTa zeda momgesa Salvas...“.
vfiqrobT, ufro marTebuli unda iyos, Tu manis mucelSi Caweril grafemas wa-
vikiTxavT rogorc doni (rac eWvgareSea). am SemTxvevaSi, miviRebT sityva `mdegsa~ da
teqstis azric gasagebi gaxdeba: `galatozTa zeda mdegsa Salvas Seundnes RmerTman~.
rac Seexeba warweris daTariRebas. Salva kalatozTa zeda mdegis warwera mefe
aleqsandre I didis saaRmSeneblo warweris Tanadroulia da savaraudod, imave
ostatis xeliTaa Sesrulebuli. amdenad, misi qronologia mefe aleqsandre I-is zeobis
wlebiT (1412-1442 ww.) unda ganisazRvros, ufro konkretulad ki, XV saukunis II
meoTxediT. rogorc cnobilia, am periodSi qveyana mSvidobian cxovrebas daubrunda da
samefo karma aRmSeneblobas mihyo xeli. cnobilia isic, rom mefe aleqsandre I-ma 1425
wels SemoiRo specialuri droebiTi sakomlo gadasaxadi, romelic gankuTvnili iyo
dangreuli eklesia-monastrebisa Tu cixeebis aRsadgenad. gadasaxadi 1440 wels gauqmda.
SedarebisaTvis, aqve movitanT mefe aleqsandre I-is saaRmSeneblo warweras,
romelic moTavsebulia karibWeSi, taZris dasavleTis Sesasvleli karis Tavze, iatakis
donidan 278 sm. simaRleze.
warwera samecniero sazogadoebisaTvis kargad aris cnobili. is ramdenjermea ga-
moqveynebuli sxvadasxva mkvlevarTa mier, Tumca paleografiuli piri pirvelad Semog-
vaqvs samecniero wre-brunvaSi. aseve, mcire dazusteba Segvaqvs wakiTxvaSi, romelic
teqstis saerTo Sinaarss ar cvlis.
arqeografiuli daxasiaTeba: asomTavruli; 2 striqoni; daculia warweris hori-
zontaluri mdebareoba. nakveTia didi asoebiT, Rrma kveTiT, karibWeSi, taZris dasavle-
Tis Sesasvleli karis Tavze, iatakis donidan 278 sm. simaRleze. uWiravs farTobi
235X36 sm.; yvelaze didi grafema xanis zoma: 17,5X6,5 sm.; yvelaze patara grafema anis
zoma: 4,0X4,0 sm.; warwera kidurwaisrulia. grafemebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia ligatura.
gankveTilobis niSania orwertili. gamoyenebulia xmovankvecilobiTi da Suakvecilobi-
Ti daqaragmeba, qaragmis niSnia klaknili ganivi xazi.

q: ze: adiden: R˜n mefTa: mef˜ba: didisa: alqsnd˺r˹es | ris˜a: m˜r: k˜d: aReSena: syd˜ri: ese:
adden Rn da sl˜i m˜Ti kxl yos

q. ze adiden R(merTma)n mef{e}Ta mef(o)ba didisa al{e}qs{a}ndres{i} | r(oml)isa

m(ie)r k(uala)d aReSena s(a)yd(a)ri ese ad{i}den R{merTma}n da s(u)li m(a)Ti
k{urT}x{eu}l yos.

1 e. TayaiSvili, arqeologiuri mogzaurobani da SeniSvnani (tfilisi, 1907), gv.107.

2g. CubinaSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 466.
350
 warweris paleografiul daxasiaTebaze aRar SevCerdebiT, radgan aleqsandres saaRmSe-
neblo warwera da Salva kalatozTa zeda mdegis warwera erTi xeliTaa Sesrulebuli da
zustad igive maxasiaTeblebi aqvs, razec ukve gvqonda saubari zemoT, Salva kalatozTa zeda
mdegis warweris ganxilvisas. amitom pirdapir gadavalT teqstis analizze.
teqstis dadgena da analizi: warwera moTavsebulia orxazovan badeSi. Sesrulebu-
lia Rrma, mkafio kveTiT. maRali grafemebi gamoyvanilia lamazi xeliT, daferilia
singuriT, xasiaTdeba asomTavrulisTvis damaxasiaTebeli mrgvali formebiT. warwera
mcired dazianebulia, Tumca teqsti garkveviT ikiTxeba. pirveli striqoni Cawerilia
or paralelur xazs Soris romelic ostats gauvlia raTa warweris kveTis dros
daecva horizontaloba.
warwera ramdenjermea gamocemuli. mari broses warwera gadmocemuli aqvs qarag-
mebis gaxsniT 1, eqvTime TayaiSvili ki daqaragmebul sityvebs zogjer ise gadmoscems,
rogorc warweraSia, zogjer ki qaragmebis gaxsniT, rac mcire gaurkvevlobas iwvevs
(teqstis azri ar icvleba, magram ar Cans, realurad ra grafemebs xedavda mkvlevari) 2.
giorgi CubinaSvils SedarebiT zustad aqvs gamocemuli teqsti, Tumca ori mcire
uzustoba aqac SeiniSneba 3: 1. meore striqonis pirvel sityva daqaragmebulia Semdegi
saxiT: `ris'a~, xolo giorgi CubinaSvili kiTxulobs, rogorc `rl'isa~ anu am wakiTxvis
mixedviT, lasi warweraSi ar aris; da 2. imave striqonis mexuTe sityva daqaragmebulia
Semdegi saxiT `syd'ri~, xolo giorgi CubinaSvili kiTxulobs rogorc `s'ydari~. ro-
gorc zemoT aRvniSneT, es SeniSvnebi teqstis Sinaarss ar cvlis, Tumca sayuradReboa.
amdenad, Cvens mier zemoT ganxiluli warwerebis saxiT, samecniero mimoqcevaSi Se-
mogvaqvs dRemde ucnobi giorgi galatozTa zeda damdegis XVII saukunis 60-70-iani wle-
bis warwera, aseve, mefe aleqsandre I didis samSeneblo warwerisa da Salva galatoz-
Ta zeda mdegis warweris paleografiuli aslebi, arqeografiuli da paleografiuli
daxasiaTebiT. garda amisa, vasworebT warwerebis dRemde arsebul gamocemebSi teqstis
wakiTxvisas daSvebul Secdomebs.
zemoT ganxiluli samive warwera mniSvnelovani da sainteresoa rogorc epigrafiku-
li Zegli, am epoqisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli paleografiuli niSnebiT da sakuTari, ind-
ividualuri TaviseburebebiT. garda amisa, warwerebi Seicavs Sinaarsobrivi TvalsazrisiT
mniSvnelovan cnobebs saqarTvelos Sesabamisi periodebis istoriis Sesaswavlad.

bibliografia

1. n. baxtaZe, n. kupraSvili, l. mirianaSvili, k. zenderi, T. jojua, pirRebulis monasteri,

1989 da 2002-2003 wlebis kompleqsuri samecniero exspediciis Sedegebi (Tbilisi, 2005).
2. v. beriZe, XVI-XVIII ss. qarTuli saeklesio xuroTmoZRvreba (Tbilisi, 1994).
3. droebiTi meTvalyure, sofeli ruisi, iveria, 14 agvisto, #173 (1903).
4. vaxuSti batoniSvili, aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa, qarTlis cxovreba, tomi IV, teqsti
dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier (Tbilisi, 1973).
5. p. zaqaraia, naqalaqar urbnisis xuroTmoZRvreba (Tbilis, 1965).
6. p. zaqaraia, saqarTvelos Zveli qalaqebi da cixeebi (Tbilisi, 1973).
7. e. TayaiSvili, arqeologiuri mogzaurobani da SeniSvnani (tfilisi, 1907).
8. sikoZe garso, sofeli ruisi, mariamobisTvis 11-s, iveria, 17 agvisto, #178 (1886).
9. a. tuRuSi, cxovreba da Rvawli dedofal mariam dadianisa (Tbilisi, 1992).
10. g. CubinaSvili, ruisis taZris istoriisaTvis, enimikis moambe, V-VI (Tbilisi, 1940).
11. javaxeTis epigrafikuli korpusi, gamosacemad moamzades da gamokvlevebi daurTes:
valeri silogavam, lia axalaZem, merab beriZem (Tbilisi, 2012).
12. Меписашвили Р., Цинцадзе В., Архитектура нагорной части – исторической провинции Грузии – Шида
Картли (Тбилиси, 1975).
13. Brosset M., Rapports sur un voyage archeologique dans la Georgie et dans l’Armenie, execute en 1847-1848
(sixieme rapport) (1851).

1
Brosset M., dasax. naSromi, gv. 12.
2 e. TayaiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 106.
3 g. CubinaSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 462.

351
 IRAKLI GELASHVILI
Korneli Kekelidze Georgian National Center of Manuscripts

AN UNKNOWN INSCRIPTION OF GIORGI, `THE OVERSEER OF MASONS~,

FROM THE CHURCHOF THE MOTHER OF GOD IN RUISI

The Ruisi Church of the Mother of God lies in historical Shida Kartli (now the Kareli region), in the center
of the village of Ruisi. The church is of interest from the viewpoint of epigraphy: there is a big number of both
lapidary inscriptions and graffiti on its walls. These inscriptions deserve special study. Exactly the inscriptions of
the Ruisi Church fall within the scope of my interest.
In June 2014 I visited the church for the first time. Several unknown graffiti were revealed. I made paleo-
graphic copies of both known and unknown inscriptions, some 30 outlines, and started to work on them. In near
future these inscriptions will be published in a series of articles, thus introducing them into scientific circulation.
The present article concerns three construction inscriptions from the Ruisi Church, including an unknown
inscription of Giorgi, “the overseer of masons”, which is first time introduced into the scientific circulation. I date
this inscription to the 17th century. Giorgi mentioned in the inscription managed restoration work on the Ruisi
Church complex carried out in 1660s-1670s on the commitment of Queen Mariam Dadiani. The paleographic copy
of the inscription is first time published. The text is equipped with exhaustive apparatus criticus - archaeographic
and paleographic descriptions.
Apart from that, I introduce paleographic copies of two more construction inscriptions into scientific
circulation for the first time. These are King Aleksandre’s construction inscription and an inscription of Shalva,
“the overseer of masons”. Texts of these inscriptions were published several times with minor inaccuracies. In the
proposed article I suggest more precise readings of the above inscriptions.

352