Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Social media is one of the biggest inventions of technology, which is now most popular
and widely used. Social media is started when people start to communicate. Social means
human society, represent people and the groups and media is the medium of expressions.
Most of the forms of social media are not digital. Today the world is celebrating the
improvements in communication technology which has broadened the scope of
communication through Information and communication technologies (ICTs). Modern
technology in communication no doubt has turned the entire world into a "Global village".
Social networking sites or application, it helps people to be better informed, enlightened, and
the world will develop more.

According to (Asemah and Edegoh, 2012), that social media or networking site are used by
most people to interact with old and new friends, physical or internet friends.

Media can affect the Filipino youth wither it is good or bad. Precisely, it is still important
especially in us as a student in terms of study. In other way, we can earn knowledge and
learning even beyond of our imagination. It is useful to get information, but we must learn
that there is limitation. We must use them with proper way so that we can know the exact
definition.

The role of the academic achievement as one of the predictors of one's life success and also
in the aspects of academic placement in schools to high institutions as well as the level of
employability in one's career is investable (kyosharba 2009).

The researcher conduct about how social media affect the academic performance of a
senior high school students and the study aims to know the use of social media for the
students.

Theoretical Framework
The time displacement theory assumes that people have a limited amount of time to do a
particular thing (Mutz, Roberts & van Vuuren, 1993). Increased amounts of time on a
particular activity will displace other activities. According to Neuman (1991), when people
increase the time they spend online engaging in social and/or recreational activities, time
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sacrifices will have to be made in other areas, such as time spent on studying, reading, and
doing homework.

In terms of students’ use of the internet, it has been opined that this displacement may
happen because the internet, which entertains young students with stimulating images as well
as visual and auditory effects, is more attractive and immediately gratifying than school-
related activities (Kim, 2011). Consequently, using the Internet will result in the displacement
of academic activities, as television once did, and will eventually decrease the students’
academic achievement as held by Koshal, Koshal & Gupta, (1996), Aderson, Huston,
Schmitt, Linebarger, Wright, & Larson (2001), Shin (2004), and Shejwal and Purayidathil
(2006). Researchers have further reported that problematic Internet use among adolescents
brings negative outcomes in school performance, as well as to social skills (Caplan, 2005).
Therefore, it is anticipated that Nigerian university students’ use of the social media for
educational purposes will positively affect their academic achievement, while their non-
educational use of social media, especially their recreational use, will negatively affect their
academic performance.

This theory is thus relevant to this work as it will explain whether or not the time spent
by students on social media has any displacement effect on their studies and by extension,
their academic performance.

Conceptual Framework
The diagram shown below indicates the Dependent and Independent
variables that is used in the study.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

STUDENT PROFILE:

 Gender
The effect of social
 Age
media to the academic
 Grades performance of Senior
 Strand High School Students
 Social media
account

 number of hours
spent in surfing
in social media
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Figure 1. Schematic Diagram

In this figure the researchers conduct this study to know and to get the effect of social
media to the academic grade of senior high student. The researchers will also get the students
profile, these are the: age, gender, strand, social media accounts, number of hours spent in
surfing in social media.

The questionnaire was used as an instrument to gather information of the senior high
school student. The respondent should pass the qualities before answering the questionnaire,
the respondents should be senior high school student in St. Michael’s College Basic
Education Department. The answers of the respondents will be kept on private.

Statement of the Problem

The researcher’s attempts to find the answer that social media can effects students on
their academic performance in school. Especially it seeks to find the answer to the following
questions.

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents?

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Strand

1.4 Social media

1.5 Grade

2. What are the three topmost used social media?

3. How many hours is spent in social media?

4. What is the effect of social media in terms of the:

4.1 Use of Social Media

4.2 Academic Performance

4.3 Social Media affects the Grades of the student

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Significance of the Study

This study was conducted to improve and strengthen Academic development;
particularly it seeks the effects of social media to the academic performance among senior
high school students of St. Michael’s college Basic education department. Presented below
are benefits of this research to specific individuals and organizations.
Students. Results of this investigation will encourage the student to plan and manage
their time in adopting this technology but not compromising their study habits, and this
includes the traditional ways of studying.

Parents. This study will serve as a guide for them to support and motivate their children
in managing this technology, notwithstanding their role and obligation to follow up the class
standing of their children.

Readers. This study will stimulate awareness regarding the effects of social media to the
academic performance among the senior high school students in St. Michael's College Basic
education department and helps the students to develop positive attitude towards social media.

Future researchers. This study will serve as a background/base for future researchers
that are related to this study. The future researchers can also investigate further about the said
topic and enhance the study for the benefit of the students.

Scope and delimitation

This research will be conducted in St. Michael's college Basic education department
St. Mary barangay. San Miguel, Iligan city school year 2017-2018. The respondents of this
study will be the selected grade 12 students in every strand of the mentioned school. This
selected respondents are the ones who uses social media.

Definition of Terms

Within the context of this study, the following terms are defined thus:

Academic performance how students deal with their studies and how they cope with or
accomplish different tasks given to them by their teachers, within this work measured from
the standpoint of academic grades.

Social media different types of communication technologies that facilitate social interaction
and make possible collaboration between people. This research is primarily concerned with
the use of social networking sites (SNSs) as a type of social media
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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE

The use of social media for academic practice

Web-based technologies that support the social architecture of a community and enhance the
effectiveness and value of personal interactions continue to emerge. As proposed by Bruns (2008), “the
World Wide Web has been radically transformed, shifting from an information repository to a more social
environment where users are not only passive receivers or active harvesters of information, but also
creators of content” (p. 22). Web-based technologies now encompass the socializing features of virtual
spaces that have emerged as zones for information sharing, collaboration, and community formation and
extension (Suter, Alexander, & Kaplan, 2005). Social media, derived from the social software movement,
are a collection of Internet websites, services, and practices that support collaboration, community
building, participation, and sharing (Junco, Heibergert, & Loken, 2010). As defined by Bryer and
Zavatarro (2001), “Social media are technologies that facilitate social interaction, make possible
collaboration, and enable deliberation across stakeholders” (p. 327). These technologies now include
blogs, wikis, media (audio, photo, video, text) sharing tools, networking platforms (including Facebook),
and virtual worlds (Bryer & Zavatarro, 2001). The use of social media has surged globally in recent years.
As of July 2011, Facebook passed 750 million users, LinkedIn had over 100 million members, Twitter
had over 177 million tweets per day, and YouTube reached three billion views per day (Chen & Bryer,
2012). Despite the popularity social media for personal use, however, a low percentage of students and
faculty use them for academic practice (Lenhart, et al., 2010; Tiryakioglu & Erzurum, 2010; Chen &
Bryer, 2010). As educators look for ways to engage and motivate students, social media technologies are
becoming a viable supplement to the traditional learning environment (Ebner, Lienhardt, Rohs, & Meyer,
2010). Also, educators are examining the combination of distance education delivery with instructional
social media, thus, providing new approaches to teaching and learning that blend pedagogy and
technology (Brady, Holcomb, & Smith, 2010; Lee & McLoughlin, 2010; Veletsianos & Navarrete, 2012).
The purpose of this literature review is to examine the use of social media in higher education.
Specifically, this article reports on: (a) the use of social media by students and faculty; (b) the use of
social media for academic practice in both traditional and distance learning formats; and (c) the pros and
cons of using social media for academic practice. Previous reviews of the literature have suggested that
access to technology is inequitable (Jackson, Ervin, Gardner, & Schmitt, 2001; Morgan & VanLegen,
2005) and that students of color are less likely to use technology, and therefore, have fewer opportunities
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to use social media tools than their white peers (Volman & van Eck, 2001). As such, this article reviews
recent research on the use of technology and social media by students of color, and potential inequities in
the use of social media for academic practice.
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Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the research methodology employed in answering the problems presented
in the early chapter. This includes the research method used, research design, location of the study,
respondents of the study, sampling procedure, data gathering procedure, research instrument used, and
statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

This study is a quantitative method study that uses numerical method to analyze and solve a
problem that deals with the effects of social media towards the academic performance of the Senior High
School, Junior high school Students of Iligan City Technical Institute Polytechnic College

Locale of the study

The study was conducted at Coco grove at the back Iligan City Technical Institute Polytechnic
College, Sabayle Street, Iligan City Lanao Del Norte. The researchers chose to conduct the study in the
said city because it is the most appropriate place to conduct the study.

Figure 2. Location of the area

Respondents of the Study

The total population of College, Senior High school and Junior High School students that is
lifting the school are 63. Researchers distributed their questionnaire to college, senior and junior high
school students. 18 from College, 22 from Senior high, and 20 from Junior high. The table shows the
Students, Frequency of respondents each students, and its percentage.
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STUDENT PROBABILITY FREQUENCY

College 18 14%

Senior High 22 17%

Junior High 20 9%

Total = 63 Total = 40%

Table 1. Sample size of the population

Sampling Procedure

The researchers used stratified sampling procedure to equally divide the questionnaires to the
respective number of every student at Coco Grove College, Senior high and Junior high School students.
This is given by the population in a group divided by the whole population of students that was lifting of
the school and then multiplied by the number of sample size.

Stratified Sampling Formula

𝑛𝑖
𝑛= 𝑥𝑛
𝑁

Or

𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝
𝑛= 𝑥 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒
𝑤ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
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Data Gathering procedure

The researchers made a letter for the distribution of the questionnaires and asked the principal of
the campus to sign the letter. After approving the letter, the researchers distributed the questionnaires to
the College, Senior High and Junior High students and asked them to answer the different questions. The
researchers distributing the questionnaire every by student who using social media during snack time and
lunch time. Data will be obtained by using a survey-questionnaire which the research instrument used by
the researchers will be distributed, where, including; questions will also be written in English. The data
will focus on the (1) Profile of the respondents: Name (Optional), Age, Gender, Strand, Social media
accounts, and Number of hours spend in surfing/browsing. The researchers are required to conduct a
quantitative research. And sooner, they will make a formal letter to ask permission, signed by the
Practical Research 2 instructor to be presented to the respondents. Data will be gathered through a survey
questionnaire. And the data gathered will be taken in the statistic manner or to be analyzed.

Research Instrument Used

The researchers used calculator, laptop, and research questionnaire. The calculator was used
computation of the data with the statistical tools. The laptop was used to tally the answers of the
respondents for easy calculation. And the research questionnaire was used as a survey material to gather
the data needed from the respondents. The researchers gathered their questionnaire through online source
that already approved and conducted by the previous researcher. Their first sourced wereentitled Effects
of Social Media on the Academic Performance of University Students in Nigeria: a study of the rivers
state university of science and technology, port Harcourt by Ewa, Cecilia Jabe de.2010/pt/1771.Second,
Social Media and Students’ Academic Performance by Richard Aghama Okundia. The last was Social
Media and Academic Performance of Students in University of Lagos by Osharive Peter.Their sources
were approved by their research proctor.