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Nuclear weapons Con

August 24, 2010


TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. QUOTES..................................................................................................................................................2
1.1. Quote: President Herbet Hoover.....................................................................................................2
1.2. Quote: President Goerge Bush........................................................................................................2
1.3. Quote: Albert Einstein....................................................................................................................2
1.4. Quote: Mahatma Gandhi.................................................................................................................2
1.5. Quote: French writer Albert Camus................................................................................................3
2. INHERENCY..........................................................................................................................................3
2.1. We have more nukes than we need.................................................................................................3
2.2. We have 5,000+ nukes....................................................................................................................3
3. DA: NUCLEAR ANNHILATION/THREAT TO ALL..........................................................................4
3.1. DA: Nuclear annihilation remains the greatest threat to civilization..............................................4
3.2. DA: The spread of nuclear weopons is a threat to all.....................................................................4
3.3. DA: Nuclear weapons aren't used for defense................................................................................4
4. DISADVANTAGE: NUCLEAR TERRORISM.....................................................................................5
4.1. DA: Nuclear weapons in the hands of terrorist is a danger to everyone.........................................5
4.2. DA: Biggest threat to humanity......................................................................................................5
4.3. DA: Nuclear 9/11............................................................................................................................5
4.4. DA: Nuclear terrorisam is possible.................................................................................................6
4.5. DA: Nuclear terrorisam is a threat..................................................................................................6
4.6. DA: Criminals have stolen some nuclear materials........................................................................6
5. KRITIK: TERRORISM [NUCLEAR WEAPONS CAUSE YOU TO BE
TERRORIST]/DISADVANTAGE: CIVILIANS AS TARGETS..............................................................7
5.1. Kritik: Nuclear detterence is a Terrorist act....................................................................................7
5.2. Kritik: Impact: Nuclear weapons draw no line between soldiers and civilians..............................7
5.3. Kritik: There is no greater threat to humanity than nuclear weopons.............................................7
6. KRITIK: FALSE BELIEFS.....................................................................................................................8
6.1. Kritik: False Belief..........................................................................................................................8
7. IMPACTS................................................................................................................................................8
7.1. One nuclear bomb exploding is the same as all the TNT used in WWII exploding.......................8
7.2. Nuclear war could cause nuclear winter.........................................................................................9
7.3. Small nuclear wars still extremely harmful....................................................................................9

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Nuclear weapons Con

QUOTES
Quote: President Herbet Hoover
David Krieger (is a graduate of Occidental College, and holds MA and Ph.D. degrees in
political science from the University of Hawaii as well as a J.D. from the Santa Barbara
College of Law.), July 2004, Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, "US Policy and the Quest for Nuclear
Disarmament", http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2004/07/00_krieger_us-policy-quest.htm

Former President Herbert Hoover: "The use of the atomic bomb, with its indiscriminate killing of
women and children, revolts my soul."

Quote: President Goerge Bush


David Krieger (is a graduate of Occidental College, and holds MA and Ph.D. degrees in
political science from the University of Hawaii as well as a J.D. from the Santa Barbara
College of Law.), July 2004, Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, "US Policy and the Quest for Nuclear
Disarmament", http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2004/07/00_krieger_us-policy-quest.htm

President Bush wrote, "The gravest danger our Nation faces lies at the crossroads of radicalism and
technology. Our enemies have openly declared that they are seeking weapons of mass destruction, and
evidence indicates that they are doing so with determination.. And, as a matter of common sense and
self-defense, America will act against such emerging threats before they are fully formed."

Quote: Albert Einstein


David Krieger (is a graduate of Occidental College, and holds MA and Ph.D. degrees in
political science from the University of Hawaii as well as a J.D. from the Santa Barbara
College of Law.), September 27, 2004, Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, "Ending the Nuclear Weapons
Threat to Humanity: New Thinking and Effective Campaigns are Needed",
http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2004/09/27_krieger_ending-nuclear-threat-humanity.htm

Nearly fifty years ago, Albert Einstein, the greatest scientist of the 20th century, argued, "The splitting
of the atom has changed everything save our modes of thinking, and thus we drift toward unparalleled
catastrophe."

Quote: Mahatma Gandhi


David Krieger (is a graduate of Occidental College, and holds MA and Ph.D. degrees in
political science from the University of Hawaii as well as a J.D. from the Santa Barbara
College of Law.), July 2004, Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, "US Policy and the Quest for Nuclear
Disarmament", http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2004/07/00_krieger_us-policy-quest.htm

Reflecting a few years later on the use of the atomic weapons by the US , the great Indian leader
Mahatma Gandhi said, "What has happened to the soul of the destroying nation is yet too early to see.
Forces of nature act in a mysterious manner."

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Nuclear weapons Con

Quote: French writer Albert Camus


David Krieger (is a graduate of Occidental College, and holds MA and Ph.D. degrees in
political science from the University of Hawaii as well as a J.D. from the Santa Barbara
College of Law.), July 2004, Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, "US Policy and the Quest for Nuclear
Disarmament", http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2004/07/00_krieger_us-policy-quest.htm

French writer Albert Camus: "Our technical civilization has just reached its greatest level of savagery.
We will have to choose, in the more or less near future, between collective suicide and the intelligent use
of our scientific conquests. Before the terrifying prospects now available to humanity, we see even more
clearly that peace is the only battle worth waging. This is no longer a prayer but a demand to be made by
all peoples to their governments -- a demand to choose definitively between hell and reason."

INHERENCY
We have more nukes than we need
Carl Sagan (M.S. in physics and a Ph.D. in astro-physics.), No date given, The School of Cooperative
Individualism, "The Nuclear Winter",
http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/sagan_nuclear_winter.html

In a 2-megaton explosion over a fairly large city, buildings would be vaporized, people reduced to atoms
and shadows, outlying structures blown down like matchsticks and raging fires ignited. And if the bomb
were exploded on the ground, an enormous crater, like those that can be seen through a telescope on the
surface of the Moon, would be all that remained where midtown once had been. There are now more
than 50,000 nuclear weapons, more than 13,000 megatons of yield, deployed in the arsenals of the
United States and the Soviet Union -- enough to obliterate a million Hiroshimas.

But there are fewer than 3000 cities on the Earth with populations of 100,000 or more. You cannot find
anything like a million Hiroshimas to obliterate. Prime military and industrial targets that are far from
cities are comparatively rare. Thus, there are vastly more nuclear weapons than are needed for any
plausible deterrence of a potential adversary.

We have 5,000+ nukes


Sharon Weinberger (a national security reporter), May 4, 2010, Aol News, "US Nuke Arsenal Revealed:
5,000-Plus Warheads", http://www.aolnews.com/nation/article/u-s-nuke-arsenal-revealed-5-000-plus-
warheads/19463888

The exact number as of Sept. 30, 2009, was 5,113 warheads, according to a U.S. fact sheet released
Monday.

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Nuclear weapons Con

DA: NUCLEAR ANNHILATION/THREAT TO ALL


DA: Nuclear annihilation remains the greatest threat to civilization
John Avery (n 1950, Avery graduated from Phillips Academy, in Andover, Mass.; in 1954 he completed
his B.Sc., physics, at M.I.T; in 1955 he completed his M.Sc. in physics at the University of Chicago; and
in 1965 finished his PhD in theoretical chemistry at the Imperial College, London.), No date provided,
Euroscience, "Appeal to European and World leaders to eliminate the nuclear weapons threat",
http://www.euroscience.org/nuclear-weapons-threat,28308,en.html

The threat of nuclear annihilation, by accident or design, remains the greatest threat to civilization
confronting Europe and the World. The 480 US nuclear weapons based in Europe contribute to this
threat. We call upon European and World leaders to take action in confronting and ending this threat.
For the safety and security of the peoples of the World, we appeal: To the leaders of non-nuclear
European governments, to move toward the elimination of the threat of nuclear weapons in Europe and
the World by calling upon the United States to remove all its nuclear weapons from European soil and
the adjoining waters and to have these weapons returned to the US for dismantlement; To the leaders of
NATO countries, including the three NATO nuclear weapons states, the US, UK and France, to abandon
the NATO policy of first use of nuclear weapons and to replace it with a clear and legally binding No
First Use policy; To the leaders of all nuclear weapons states, declared and de facto, to initiate
negotiations on the universal elimination of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction.

DA: The spread of nuclear weopons is a threat to all


Merle David Kellerhals Jr. (A Staff Writer for America.gov which is part of the Bureau of International
Information Programs.), April 9, 2010, America.gov, "Nuclear Weapons Are Threat to All Nations",
http://www.america.gov/st/peacesec-english/2010/April/20100409124000dmslahrellek0.6164972.html

"The spread of nuclear weapons to more states is also an unacceptable risk to global security - raising
the specter of arms races from the Middle East to East Asia," Obama added.

DA: Nuclear weapons aren't used for defense


David Krieger (is a graduate of Occidental College, and holds MA and Ph.D. degrees in
political science from the University of Hawaii as well as a J.D. from the Santa Barbara
College of Law.), June 16, 2008, Find Articles, "The U.S. nuclear arsenal is no longer a deterrent",
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb5247/is_24_29/ai_n29448213/

What most Americans don't realize is that nuclear weapons do not and cannot protect us. All we can do
with nuclear weapons is threaten their use against a country that would attack us and then hope that our
threat is adequately communicated and believed, and that the leadership on the other side behaves
rationally

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Nuclear weapons Con

DISADVANTAGE: NUCLEAR TERRORISM


DA: Nuclear weapons in the hands of terrorist is a danger to everyone
Merle David Kellerhals Jr. (A Staff Writer for America.gov which is part of the Bureau of International
Information Programs.), April 9, 2010, America.gov, "Nuclear Weapons Are Threat to All Nations",
http://www.america.gov/st/peacesec-english/2010/April/20100409124000dmslahrellek0.6164972.html

"A nuclear weapon in the hands of a terrorist is a danger to people everywhere - from Moscow to New
York, from the cities of Europe to South Asia," Obama said while in Prague for the historic signing of
the New START Treaty with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev. The treaty aims to reduce U.S. and
Russian nuclear arsenals by approximately 30 percent to 1,550 warheads each, lessening tensions and
the chances of them ever being used in a war.

DA: Biggest threat to humanity


April 11, 2010, National Terror Alert, "al Qaeda Bid To Acquire Nuclear Weapons Top Threat –
Obama", http://www.nationalterroralert.com/updates/2010/04/11/al-qaeda-bid-to-acquire-nuclear-
weapons-top-threat-obama/

President Barack Obama said on Sunday that efforts by al Qaeda to acquire atomic weapons posed the
biggest threat to global security, and world leaders meeting this week must act with urgency to combat
this danger.

DA: Nuclear 9/11


David Krieger (is a graduate of Occidental College, and holds MA and Ph.D. degrees in
political science from the University of Hawaii as well as a J.D. from the Santa Barbara
College of Law.), September 27, 2004, Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, "Ending the Nuclear Weapons
Threat to Humanity: New Thinking and Effective Campaigns are Needed",
http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2004/09/27_krieger_ending-nuclear-threat-humanity.htm

The world is walking a dangerous tightrope, while facing harsh prospects of potential nuclear disaster.
The only way to prevent a nuclear 9/11 is to dramatically reduce the nuclear weapons, technologies and
materials in the world and to bring the remaining ones under international control. This will require US
leadership as the world's most powerful country. Without US leadership, the world will continue its
flirtation with nuclear disaster, increasing the likelihood that the US itself could become the victim of its
own double standards.

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Nuclear weapons Con

DA: Nuclear terrorisam is possible


Rachel Kleinfeld (PhD in international relations from Oxford, CEO of the Truman National Security
Project which trains next-generation leaders in national security.), April 10, 2010, MSN, "A New
START: How Obama’s Treaty with Russia Will Make Us All Safer", http://www.good.is/post/a-new-
start-how-obama-s-treaty-with-russia-will-make-us-all-safer/

Al-Qaeda is hell bent on getting a nuclear weapon, by hook or by crook. Sadly, that might be easier than
we'd like to think. In January, a nuclear air base in Belgium-a major NATO partner-was breached by
anti-nuclear activists. They spent over an hour in the base before they were detected. If they can do it, so
can terrorists.

DA: Nuclear terrorisam is a threat


Rachel Kleinfeld (PhD in international relations from Oxford, CEO of the Truman National Security
Project which trains next-generation leaders in national security.), April 10, 2010, MSN, "A New
START: How Obama’s Treaty with Russia Will Make Us All Safer", http://www.good.is/post/a-new-
start-how-obama-s-treaty-with-russia-will-make-us-all-safer/

The threat of nuclear terrorism is real, and our country's top officials are serious about locking down,
reducing, and safeguarding nuclear stockpiles. Since 95 percent of the world's nuclear weapons are
owned by Russia and America, the New START treaty is where the effort begins. As we've known for
years, Russia's ability to keep its nuclear material under lock and key hardly inspires confidence.
Personnel are untrustworthy, corruption is rife, and nuclear material is unaccounted for.

DA: Criminals have stolen some nuclear materials


Peter N. Spotts (Science journalist for The Christan Science Monitor.), March 20, 2010, Christian
Science Monitor, "US trains nuclear detectives to trace 'loose' nukes",
http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2010/0320/US-trains-nuclear-detectives-to-trace-loose-nukes

Between 1993, when the United Nations International Atomic Energy Agency began gathering data on
illegal trafficking in nuclear materials, and 2008, the agency received 336 confirmed reports of criminal
activity involving nuclear material. The IAEA logged another 421 incidents of stolen or lost nuclear
material worldwide. Since 1995, reported incidents have averaged 19 a year.

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Nuclear weapons Con

KRITIK: TERRORISM [NUCLEAR WEAPONS CAUSE YOU TO BE


TERRORIST]/DISADVANTAGE: CIVILIANS AS TARGETS
Kritik: Nuclear detterence is a Terrorist act
David Krieger (is a graduate of Occidental College, and holds MA and Ph.D. degrees in
political science from the University of Hawaii as well as a J.D. from the Santa Barbara
College of Law.), July 2004, Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, "US Policy and the Quest for Nuclear
Disarmament", http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2004/07/00_krieger_us-policy-quest.htm

Let us fast forward to today. Countering terrorism is high on the agendas of the world's most
industrialized countries, especially the US . But in the eyes of most of the world, the nuclear weapons
states are employing the greatest of terrorist threats, which are embedded in the concept of nuclear
deterrence. If terrorism is the threat to injure or kill innocent people for political ends, then the reliance
on nuclear deterrence is itself a terrorist act.

Kritik: Impact: Nuclear weapons draw no line between soldiers and civilians
David Krieger (is a graduate of Occidental College, and holds MA and Ph.D. degrees in
political science from the University of Hawaii as well as a J.D. from the Santa Barbara
College of Law.), Sopron, Hungary, Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, "Nuclear Disarmament in a Time
of Globalization", http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2004/07/05_krieger_nuclear-disarmament-
globalization.htm

Nuclear weapons occupy the highest rung on the ladder of military cowardice. They are long-distance
devices of mass annihilation. They destroy indiscriminately - men, women and children. They draw no
lines between soldiers and civilians. Those who make the weapons, who deploy them, who order their
use and who press the buttons to send the missiles on their way have virtually no connection with the
victims. They are simply human instruments in a chain of activities leading to massive devastation.

Kritik: There is no greater threat to humanity than nuclear weopons


David Krieger (is a graduate of Occidental College, and holds MA and Ph.D. degrees in
political science from the University of Hawaii as well as a J.D. from the Santa Barbara
College of Law.), July 2004, Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, "US Policy and the Quest for Nuclear
Disarmament", http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2004/07/00_krieger_us-policy-quest.htm

I would argue, in the company of Einstein, Rotblat and Szilard, that there is no greater danger
confronting humanity than that of nuclear weapons. These weapons place all cities in jeopardy of
annihilation. They place civilization in danger of massive destruction. And they place humanity and
most of life on the endangered species list. For nearly sixty years humankind has lived with the
destructive potential of nuclear weapons and has grown far too comfortable with these instruments of
annihilation.

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Nuclear weapons Con

KRITIK: FALSE BELIEFS


Kritik: False Belief
David Krieger (is a graduate of Occidental College, and holds MA and Ph.D. degrees in
political science from the University of Hawaii as well as a J.D. from the Santa Barbara
College of Law.), September 27, 2004, Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, "Ending the Nuclear Weapons
Threat to Humanity: New Thinking and Effective Campaigns are Needed",
http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2004/09/27_krieger_ending-nuclear-threat-humanity.htm

To succeed in ending the nuclear weapons threat to humanity, ordinary people must engage in the issue
and it must become a top priority issue. At present, most people are not engaged in this issue, or may
even incorrectly believe that nuclear weapons provide prestige and enhance rather than undermine their
security. What is needed is a massive, well-funded campaign of public education and advocacy in order
to arouse ordinary people and officials everywhere to action.

IMPACTS
One nuclear bomb exploding is the same as all the TNT used in WWII exploding
Carl Sagan (M.S. in physics and a Ph.D. in astro-physics.), No date given, The School of Cooperative
Individualism, "The Nuclear Winter",
http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/sagan_nuclear_winter.html

Everyone knows that nuclear war would be an unprecedented human catastrophe. A more or less typical
strategic warhead has a yield of 2 megatons, the explosive equivalent of 2 million tons of TNT. But 2
million tons of TNT is about the same as all the bombs exploded in World War II -- a single bomb with
the explosive power of the entire Second World War but compressed into a few seconds of time and an
area 30 or 40 miles across.

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Nuclear weapons Con

Nuclear war could cause nuclear winter


Craig Freudenrich (Ph.D., is a freelance science writer and former senior editor at HowStuffWorks. He
earned a B.A. in biology from West Virginia University and a Ph.D. in physiology from the University of
Pittsburgh School of Medicine before completing eight years of postdoctoral research at Duke
University Medical Center.) and John Fuller (John Fuller holds a bachelor's degree in English from the
University of Georgia, where he also minored in film studies.), 2010, How Stuff Works, "How Nuclear
Bombs Work", http://www.howstuffworks.com/nuclear-bomb7.htm

In the 1980s, scientists assessed the possible effects of nuclear warfare (many nuclear bombs exploding
in different parts of the world) and proposed the theory that a nuclear winter could occur. In the nuclear-
winter scenario, the explosion of many bombs would raise great clouds of dust and radioactive material
that would travel high into Earth's atmosphere. These clouds would block out sunlight. The reduced
level of sunlight would lower the surface temperature of the planet and reduce photosynthesis by plants
and bacteria. The reduction in photosynthesis would disrupt the food chain, causing mass extinction of
life (including humans). This scenario is similar to the asteroid hypothesis that has been proposed to
explain the extinction of the dinosaurs. Proponents of the nuclear-winter scenario pointed to the clouds
of dust and debris that traveled far across the planet after the volcanic eruptions of Mount St. Helens in
the United States and Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines.

Small nuclear wars still extremely harmful


Jeffrey Masters (Ph.D. in air pollution meteorology.), 2010, Weather Underground, "The Effect of
Nuclear War on Climate", http://www.wunderground.com/education/nuke.asp

But even a limited nuclear war poses a significant threat to Earth's climate, according to a paper
presented at the American Geophysical Union meeting in December 2006 by scientists at Rutgers
University and the University of Colorado. The scientists used a sophisticated atmospheric/oceanic
climate model that had a good track record simulating the cooling effects of past major volcanic
eruptions, such as the Philippines' Mt. Pinatubo in 1991. The scientists injected five terragrams of soot
particles into the model atmosphere over Pakistan in May of 2006. This amount of smoke, they argued,
would be the likely result of a limited nuclear war involving 100 Hiroshima-sized bombs in the region.
The black smoke, they found, absorbed far more solar radiation than the brighter sulfuric acid particles
emitted by volcanic eruptions. This allowed the smoke to heat the surrounding air to much higher
temperatures, resulting in stronger upward motion of the smoke particles higher into the stratosphere.
Once the smoke reached the stratosphere, where there is no rain to rain out the soot particles, it stayed at
significantly high levels for over a decade. The black soot blocked sunlight, resulting in global cooling
of over 1.2C (2.2F) for two years, and 0.5C (0.9F) for more than a decade.

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