9 - Omar Faruq - 2 PDF

evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgx¶v
LÐ 35 evwl©K msL¨v 1424
evsjv‡`‡k LwbRm¤ú` Dbœqb: dyjevox Kqjv cÖKí wb‡q

we‡iv‡ai GKwU we‡kølY
Igi dviæK*
1| f~wgKv
2005 mv‡ji GwcÖj †_‡K 2006 mv‡ji RyjvB ch©šÍ ¯’vbxq I RvZxq msMVK‡ì dyjevox
I XvKvq Av‡qvwRZ bvbv Kg©m~wPi Rev‡e miKvi I Gwkqv GbvwR© †Kv‡bv c`‡¶c †bqwb|1
D‡jøL¨, ïiæ †_‡KB Lwb cÖK‡íi me Kg©KvÐ Gwkqv GbvwR© GKKfv‡eB Pvwj‡q‡Q Ges ¯’vbxq
RbMY wKsev Av‡›`vj‡bi msMVKiv miKvwi †Kv‡bv ZrciZv †`L‡Z cvbwb| Av‡›`vj‡bi ZxeªZv
m‡Ë¡I †Kv¤úvwbi Kg©KvÐ GwM‡q hvIqvi Kvi‡Y ¯’vbxq I RvZxq msMVK‡ì wgwjZ D‡`¨v‡M
2006 mv‡ji 26 AvM÷ dyjevox‡Z Lwb †Kv¤úvwbi Awdm †NivI Kg©m~wPi D‡Ï‡k¨ wecyj
msL¨K (60-70 nvRvi) gvby‡li mgv‡ek‡K †K›`ª K‡i †h mwnsm NUbv N‡U Zvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z
evsjv‡`‡k LwbRm¤ú` I R¡vjvwb wbivcËv msµvšÍ Av‡jvPbvq dyjevox KqjvLwb GKUv cÖavb
welq n‡q I‡V| gvV M‡elYvq †`Lv hvq, miKvi I Gwkqv GbvwR© G cÖKí‡K †`‡ki Dbœq‡bi
Rb¨ BwZevPKfv‡e wn‡m‡e †`L‡jI ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi †ewkifvM Ges †Zj-M¨vm-LwbRm¤ú` I
we`y¨r-e›ì i¶v RvZxq KwgwUi msMVK I Kg©xiv G‡K AZ¨šÍ †bwZevPK wn‡m‡e †`L‡Qb| d‡j
G Lwb m¤úwK©Z bvbv welqvejx MZ GK `k‡KiI †ewk mgq a‡i GKUv cÖkwœ e× cÖK‡íi ¯§viK
wn‡m‡e wPwýZ n‡q Av‡Q|
G iKg †cÖÿvc‡U G cÖe‡Ü dyjevox KqjvLwb wb‡q we‡iv‡ai GKUv e¯Íywbô we‡kølY Kiv
n‡q‡Q| GRb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki R¡vjvwb I cwiKíbv gš¿Yvj‡qi bvbv cÖwZ‡e`b I Gwkqv GbvwR©i
bvbv `wjjcÎ m~²fv‡e cix¶v-wbix¶v Kiv n‡q‡Q| hviv G Lwbi weiæ‡× 2005 mvj †_‡K
cÖwZ‡iva Av‡›`vjb K‡i hv‡”Qb Zv‡ì Av‡›`vjb m¤úwK©Z bvbv `wjj `¯Ív‡eRI ms‡hvM w`‡q
cvV Kiv n‡q‡Q| 2009-2012 mv‡j `yB c‡e© †jLv dyjevox AÂ‡j Av‡›`vjbKvix I ¯’vbxq
bvbv †ckvi kni I MÖv‡gi gvbyl‡ì mv¶vrKvi ‡bqv nq| 2013 mv‡j XvKvq Av‡›`vjbKvix
msMV‡bi Kg©x I msMVK‡ì, K‡qKRb Avwèvmx‡ì AwaKvi welqK Kg©x I L¨vZbvgv
K‡qKRb R¡vjvwb we‡kl‡Ái mv¶vZKvi †bqv nq| gvV ch©v‡q msM…nxZ Z_¨vejx nvjbvMv`
Kivi Rb¨ 2015 mv‡j cybivq wKQy mv¶vrKvi †bqv nq| cvkvcvwk G wel‡q 2004-2017
mgqKv‡j dyjevox I XvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ msev`c‡Îi bvbv cÖwZ‡e`bI eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖeÜwU‡K K‡qKwU fv‡M mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q| f‚wgKvi ci wØZxq Aby‡”Q‡` dyjevox Kqjv
cÖKí m¤ú‡K© wKQy Z_¨ Zy‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| wKfv‡e Gi hvÎv ïiæ n‡q AvR‡Ki we‡ivac~Y© Ae¯’vq
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wcGBPwW M‡elK, mgvRweÁvb wefvM, U‡i‡›Uv wek¦we`¨vjq, KvbvWv|
1
Dciš‘ ZrKvjxb cÖavbgš¿x w`bvRcy‡i GK mgv‡e‡k 2006 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m †NvlYv †`b †h miKvi dyjevox Lwb
‣Zwi‡Z e×cwiKi (†`Lyb †WBwj ÷vi, 13 gvP© 2006, cÖ_g cvZv)|
124 evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgx¶v
G‡m nvwRi n‡q‡Q Zv ejvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aby‡”Q‡` evsjv‡`‡k Kqjvi gRy` wel‡q
Rbcwim‡ii Av‡jvPbvq †h weåvwšÍ Av‡Q Zv Zy‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| dyjevox KqjvLwbi weiæ‡×
¯’vbxq cÖwZ‡iv‡ai fvlv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q PZz_© Aby‡”Q‡`| cÂg Aby‡”Q‡` R¡vjvwb
wbivcËvq ¯’vbxq Kqjvi eënvi welqK `vcy‡U eqv‡b K…wl I `vwi`ª¨ welq‡K Ae‡njv Kivi
cÖeYZv wb‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| me©‡kl Aby‡”Q‡` G Lwb cÖK‡íi bvbv wel‡q wKQy
we‡kølY hy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q; GLv‡b LwbRm¤ú` eë¯’vcbvq wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi ivR‣bwZK A_©bxwZ I
`yb©xwZ wel‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
2| dyjevox KqjvLwb cÖKí
1990 cieZ©x mg‡q MYZvwš¿K ivR‣bwZK eë¯’vi Elvj‡Mœ Avwki `k‡K mvgwiK Avg‡j
ïiæ nIqv A_©‣bwZK D`vixKiYI `ªæZ MwZ‡Z hvÎv ïiæ K‡i| Gi GKwU cÖavb j¶¨ n‡”Q
¯’vbxq Drcv`b, wecYb I eë¯’vcbvq we‡`kx cyuwRi wewb‡qv‡Mi c_ myMg Kiv (World Bank
1992)| D‡jøL¨ †h, 1980 mv‡j evsjv‡`k we‡`kx wewb‡qvM AvKl©‡Yi Rb¨ †ek D`vi bxwZ
MÖnY K‡i AvBb cvm K‡i (MLJPA 1980)| G AvBb‡K ‡K›`ª K‡i R¡vjvwb Lv‡Z wek¦e¨vs‡Ki
A_© mvnv‡h¨ I KvwiMwi mn‡hvwMZvq †Zj-M¨vm AbymÜv‡bi Rb¨ we‡`kx cyuwR AvKl©‡Yi bvbv
†Póv Pvjv‡bv nq (World Bank 1991)| 1982 mv‡jB wek¦e¨vsK I BDGbwWwc hy³fv‡e
evsjv‡`‡ki R¡vjvwb LvZ wb‡q wek` M‡elYv K‡i GLv‡Z ißvwbgyLx we‡`kx cyuwRi wewb‡qvM
wbf©i GKUv KvVv‡gv `vuo Kiv‡bvi civgk© ‡`q (World Bank 1982)| K‡qK eQ‡ii g‡a¨
we‡`kx †Zj/M¨vm †Kv¤úvwb‡K AvK„ó Kivi Rb¨ GKUv Drcv`b-eÈb Pyw³i g‡WjI ùvo Kiv‡bv
nq Ges XvKv, jÛb I wnD÷‡b cÖ‡gvkbvj †mwgbv‡ii Av‡qvRb Kiv nq (World Bank 1991)|
GZ`m‡Ë¡I we‡`kx cyuwRi †Zgb mvov †g‡jwb m¤¢eZ mvgwiK kvm‡bi weiæ‡× ivR‣bwZK
cÖwZc‡¶i bvbv ZrciZvi Kvi‡Y| 1990 Gi c‡i kvmb eë¯’vi cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ Hme
†Kv¤úvwb evsjv‡`‡k Avm‡Z ïiæ K‡i | Zv‡ì Kg©KvÐ‡K Z¡ivwš^Z Kivi j‡¶¨ R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvjq
RvZxq †c‡U«vwjqvg bxwZ 1993 Ges RvZxq R¡vjvwb bxwZ 1996 •Zwi K‡i (Bmjvg 2001)|
Gi gva¨‡g miKvi GLv‡Z be¨ D`vixKiY avivi bxwZ KvVv‡gv †Rvi`vi Ki‡Z _v‡K| GB bxwZ
KvVv‡gvi Av‡jv‡K LwbR m¤ú` Dbœq‡bI we‡`kx cyuwRi wewb‡qvM AZ¨šÍ Kvw•ÿZ wQj| 1994
mv‡j R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvjq A‡÷«jxq †Kv¤úvwb weGBPwci mv‡_ evsjv‡`‡ki DËivÂ‡j Kqjv
AbymÜv‡bi Rb¨ Pyw³ K‡i| weGBPwc 1997 mv‡j dyjevox Kqjv Lwb Avwe®‥vi K‡i| ïiæ
†_‡KB weGBPwci cwiKíbv wQj Kqjvi mÜvb †c‡j Db¥y³ c×wZ‡Z gvwU Lbb K‡i Kqjv
D‡Ëvjb Kiv n‡e| mvaviYZ Kqjvi MfxiZv Kg n‡jB Db¥y³ c×wZi Lwb Kiv hvq| wKš‘
dyjevox‡Z weGBPwci Avkv Abyhvqx 130 wgUvi MfxiZvi g‡a¨ Kqjv cvIqv hvqwb | Kqjvi
MfxiZv 150 wgUv‡ii AwaK nIqvq weGBPwc Lwb Dbœq‡bi cwiKíbv ev` w`‡q evsjv‡`k †_‡K
Zvi eëmv ¸wU‡q †bq (‡WBwj ÷vi, 28 AMv÷ 2006, cÖ_g cvZv)|2
2
evsjv‡`k †_‡K eëmv ¸wU‡q wb‡jI weGBPwc Zvi Avw_©K ¯^v_© Rwo‡q †i‡L‡Q G cÖK‡íi mv‡_; fwel¨‡Z
dyjevox Lwb †_‡K Kqjv D‡Ëvjb Ki‡j cÖ_g AvU wgwjqb Ub Kqjvi Rb¨ kZKiv 1 fvM nv‡i iq¨vjwU weGBPwc
cv‡e e‡j Gwkqv GbvwR©i mv‡_ Pyw³ i‡q‡Q (AEC 2004a)|
dviæK: evsjv‡`‡k LwbRm¤ú` Dbœqb: dyjevox Kqjv cÖKí wb‡q we‡iv‡ai GKwU we‡kølY 125
evsjv‡`k †_‡K me wKQy ¸wU‡q †bevi Av‡M weGBPwc dyjevox cÖKí msµvšÍ me M‡elYv,
miKv‡ii mv‡_ ¯^v¶wiZ Pyw³ I Gi Aax‡b cvIqv AbymÜvb jvB‡mÝmg~n A‡÷«jxq †Kv¤úvwb
Gwkqv GbvwR© K‡c©v‡ikb (evsjv‡`k) †cÖvcÖvBUix wjwg‡U‡Wi Kv‡Q wewµ K‡i †`q| evsjv‡`k
miKvi weGBPwci mv‡_ m¤úvw`Z Pyw³i kZ© †gvZv‡eK GB n¯ÍvšÍi cÖwµqv Aby‡gv`b K‡i
Gwkqv GbvwR©i mv‡_ Pyw³e× nq 1998 mv‡ji †deªæqvwi gv‡m| evsjv‡`‡ki we`¨gvb Lwb
wewagvjv Abyhvqx Lwb Dbœq‡b †Kv‡bv Pyw³ n‡j Zv hZ kxNª m¤¢e †M‡RU AvKv‡i cÖKv‡ki weavb
Av‡Q| dyjevox Lwb wb‡q Gwkqv GbvwR©i mv‡_ weGBPwci Pyw³ I jvB‡mÝ n¯ÍvšÍi wel‡q
R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvj‡qi Pyw³e× nevi wel‡q †Kv‡bv †M‡RU cÖKvwkZ nqwb| 2006 mv‡j R¡vjvwb
gš¿Yvjq MwVZ GK we‡klÁ KwgwU †M‡RU wb‡q Zjøvwm ïiæ Ki‡j H mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m Pyw³
¯^v¶‡ii 8 eQ‡iiI †ewk mgq c‡i msw¶ß GKwU †M‡RU cÖKvk Kiv nq|3
weGBPwci KvQ †_‡K g¨v‡bR‡g›U evB-AvDU c×wZ‡Z dyjevox Kqjv cÖK‡íi Pyw³,
M‡elYv I AbymÜvb jvB‡mÝ wK‡b †bevi mgq Gwkqv GbvwR©i g~j cwiKíbv wQj ¯’vbxq evRv‡i
Kqjvi Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi wbwg‡Ë GKUv f~Mf©¯’ c×wZi (eo cyKywiqv Lwbi g‡Zv) Lwb ‣Zwi Kivi
(Islam 2008)| †mRb¨ 2000 mv‡ji w`‡K Gwkqv GbvwR© wKQy f~ZvwË¡K M‡elYv K‡i Lwb
m¤ú‡K© AviI Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i| 2001 mv‡ji ci bZyb miKv‡ii KvQ †_‡K Gwkqv GbvwR©
Db¥y³ c×wZi Lwb •Zwi Kivi Avk¦vm †c‡q AviI wKQy KvwiMwi mgx¶v K‡i| Gi Av‡jv‡K
2003 mv‡ji w`‡K evwl©K 9 wgwjqb Ub Kqjv D‡Ëvj‡bi Uv‡M©U K‡i; hvi 6 wgwjqb Ub †`‡k
we`y¨r Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ eënvi n‡e evwK 3 wgwjqb Ub ¯’vbxq Ab¨vb¨ Pvwn`v (B‡Ui fvUv)
c~i‡Yi Rb¨ mieivn Kiv n‡e (AEC 2004b)| G mg‡q AvšÍRv© wZK evRv‡i bvbv LwbR
c`v‡_©i `vg e¨vcK nv‡i evo‡Z _v‡K| Kqjvi evRvi D”PgyLx nIqvq I Gwkqvi evRv‡i we‡kl
K‡i Pxb I fvi‡Z Kqjvi Pvwn`v e¨vcK nv‡i evovq Gwkqv GbvwR© Zvi wewb‡qvM cwiKíbv
cwieZ©b Kij | G bZyb cwiKíbv Abyhvqx evwl©K 15 wgwjqb Ub Kqjv Drcv`b Kiv n‡e, hvi
12 wgwjqb Ub fviZmn Gwkqvi Ab¨vb¨ †`‡k ißvwb Kiv n‡e; 3 wgwjqb Ub w`‡q ¯’vbxqfv‡e
we`y¨r Drcv`b (AbwaK 500 †gMv IqvU) I Ab¨vb¨ Pvwn`v (B‡Ui fvUvi eënvi) c~iY Kiv
n‡e (AEC 2004b)| ¯’vbxq Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi cwie‡Z© ißvwbi gva¨‡g AwaK Av‡qi j‡¶¨B
AMÖmi nq Gwkqv GbvwR©|4 R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvj‡qi m¤§wZ †c‡q 2004 mv‡ji AvM÷ gv‡m G
gv‡ci Db¥y³ Lwb Kivi j‡¶¨ Gwkqv GbvwR© 2 eQi †gqvw` m¤¢ve¨Zv mgx¶vi KvR ïiæ Ki‡jI
`ªæZ (2007 mv‡ji g‡a¨B) Kqjv D‡Ëvjb ïiæ Kivi Rb¨ 1 eQ‡iiI Kg mg‡qi g‡a¨ Gme
mgx¶v †kl K‡i 2005 mv‡ji A‡±vei gv‡m R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvj‡q Aby‡gv`‡bi Rb¨ Rgv †`q
(AECB 2006)| Ab¨w`‡K Lwb Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cyuwR msMÖ‡ni D‡Ï‡k¨ 2004 mv‡ji GwcÖj
3
we‡klÁ KwgwUi GK m`‡mï mv‡_ 2013 mv‡ji AvM÷ gv‡m Avjvc K‡i GwU Rvb‡Z cvwi|
4
2012 mv‡ji †k‡li w`‡K Gwkqv GbvwR© R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvjq‡K bZyb cÖ¯Íve †`q hv‡Z 2,000 †gMvIqvU ¶gZvi
we`y¨r‡K›`ª •Zwii cÖ¯Íve Kiv nq (cÖ_g Av‡jv, 4 b‡f¤î 2012)| 2013 mvj †_‡K Gwkqv GbvwR© cÖPvi ïiæ K‡i
†h, dyjevox Lwb †_‡K 4,000 †gMvIqvU ch©šÍ we`y¨r ‣Zwi n‡Z cvv‡i| 2017 mv‡j G‡m GwU 4,000-6,000
†gMvIqvU ch©šÍ n‡Z cv‡i e‡j D‡jøL K‡i Gwkqv GbvwR© (‡`Lyb Gwkqv GbvwR©i evwl©K cÖwZ‡e`b, 2012 †_‡K
2017)|
gv‡m jÛb ÷K GK‡P‡Ä Awafy³ nq Gwkqv GbvwR©Õi c¨v‡i›U †Kv¤úvwb Gwkqv GbvwR© wcGjwm,
hv eZ©gv‡b wRwmGg wi‡mv‡m©m wcGjwm bv‡g cwiwPZ (AEC 2004a, wRwmGg 2010)|
Gwkqv GbvwR© dyjevox‡Z Db¥y³ c×wZi KqjvLwb Dbœq‡bi cÖ¯vÍ ‡e †hme w`K D‡jøL K‡i5
Zv‡K ÔwcwQ‡q _vKvÕ DËie½ Z_v evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡bi GKUv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖKí wn‡m‡e
wPwýZ K‡i‡Q Zv wbgœiƒc:
cÖ_gZ, Db¥y³ c×wZi Lwbi gva¨‡g gRy` Kqjvi †ewki fvM D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq; Ab¨w`‡K
f~Mf©¯’ c×wZ‡Z Gi 10-20 fvM Kqjv D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq| ZvB m¤ú‡ì h_vh_ eënvi
wbwð‡Zi Rb¨ Db¥y³Lwb KivB hyw³hy³|
wØZxqZ, ißvwbgyLx Lwb cÖKí nevi Kvi‡Y miKvi cÖPzi •e‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e
Ges G‡Z Ôe¨vj¨vÝ Ae †c‡g›UÕ wb‡q miKv‡ii Avw_©K `ywðšÍv jvMe n‡e|
Z…ZxqZ, Gwkqv GbvwR© KqjvLwb I msjMœ we`ÿr‡K›`ª ‣Zwi‡Z cÖvq 3 wewjqb Wjvi Ges
35 eQ‡ii AwaK mgq Lwb Pvjv‡Z AviI 10 wewjqb Wjvi wewb‡qvM Ki‡e; Gi d‡j
evsjv‡`‡k ‣e‡`wkK wewb‡qvM Z¡ivwš^Z n‡e| G wekvj cwigvY ‣e‡`wkK wewb‡qv‡Mi d‡j Lwbi
†gqv`Kv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki miKvi wbR¯^ †Kv‡bv wewb‡qvM bv K‡iB †gvU 21 wewjqb Wjvi Avq
Ki‡e (hvi 7.8 wewjqb cÖZ¨¶ Avq Avi evwKUv c‡iv¶ Avq)| cÖZ¨¶ Av‡qi g‡a¨ Av‡Q Lwb
†Kv¤úvwbi Avq †_‡K K‡c©v‡iU U¨v· (kZKiv 45 fvM) eve` I Kqjvi iq¨vjwU (kZKiv 6
fvM) eve` cvIqv A_©|G cÖKí ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡j evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU †`kR Drcv`‡b (wRwWwc)
evwl©K kZKiv 1 fvM (0.7 wewjqb Wjvi) hy³ nevi Kvi‡Y †`‡ki A_©‣bwZK wfwË gReyZ
n‡e|
PZy_©Z, Lwbgy‡L ¯’vwcZ we`ÿr‡K›`ª †_‡K miKvi AbwaK 1,000 †gMvIqvU we`y¨r (cÖ_‡g
500 †gMvIqvU ¶gZvi †K›`ª hv c‡i AviI 500 †gMvIqvU ch©šÍ evov‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i) cv‡e hv
RvZxq wMÖ‡W hy³ n‡q AvÂwjK ch©v‡q I †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ GjvKvq wkí KviLvbvi Dbœqb NUv‡bvi
gva¨‡g Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM ‣Zwi Ki‡e| Gi d‡j we`y¨r ‣Zwii Rb¨ M¨v‡mi DciI Pvc Kg‡e|
cÂgZ, Lwb †_‡K ¯’vbxq Kqjvi mieivn ‣Zwi n‡j †`‡ki BU fvUvq eëüZ Kqjv (cÖvq
mv‡o wZb wgwjqb Ub) Avg`vwb Ki‡Z n‡e bv weavq Lwbi RxebKvjxb cÖvq 3 wewjqb Wjvi
mvkÖq n‡e|6
5
me wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbvi Rb¨ Gwkqv GbvwR© cÖYxZ Ô‡m¨vkvj GÛ Gbfvqib‡g›Uvj Bgc¨v± G‡mm‡g›U ÷vwWÕ i
cÖ_g I PZy_© LÐ †`Lyb|
6
GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv ìKvi †h, Gwkqv GbvwR© cÖ¯vÍ weZ Lwb cÖK‡íi Gme w`K we‡kl K‡i A_©‣bwZK AwfNvZ wb‡q
AvR ch©šÍ evsjv‡`‡ki miKvi †Kv‡bv ¯^vaxb ch©v‡jvPbv K‡iwb| ¯§iY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, 2005-2006 mv‡j
UvUvi 2.5 wewjqb Wjv‡ii wewb‡qvM cÖ¯vÍ e wb‡qI evsjv‡`‡ki jvf-¶wZ wb‡q e¨vcK weZK© nq; G wb‡q cÖej
we‡ivwaZvI ‣Zwi nq (RvZxq KwgwU, 2006)| evsjv‡`k wewb‡qvM ‡ev‡Wi Aby‡iv‡a GKRb L¨vwZgvb A_©bxwZwe`
G wb‡q ¯^vaxb ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i †Kv¤úvwbi cÖPvwiZ evsjv‡`‡ki jv‡fi wn‡m‡e, hv Ô`¨ B‡KvbwgK B‡›Uwj‡RÝ
BDwbUÕ •Zwi K‡i‡Q, Zv‡Z bvbv Mj` wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb (Mahmud, 2006)| †Zgb GKUv D‡`¨vM dyjevoxi †¶‡Î
Gwkqv GbvwR©i Db¥y³ Lwbi cÖ¯vÍ ‡ei ïiæ †_‡KB Gi KvwiMwi w`K wb‡q evsjv‡`‡k
Rbcwim‡i MZ GK `k‡K e¨vcK Av‡jvPbv/weZK© n‡q‡Q| G Av‡jvPbv †`‡ki R¡vjvwb I Lwb
we‡klÁ‡ì `yBfv‡M wef³ K‡i †d‡j‡Q| GK c‡ÿi g‡Z m¤ú‡ì m‡e©vËg eënv‡ii Rb¨
Db¥y³ LwbB Kiv ìKvi| G c‡ÿi mv‡_ AviI hy³ Av‡Qb evsjv‡`‡ki Avgjv, ivR‣bwZK I
eëmvqx GwjU gnj| Zuv‡ì cÖavb hyw³ evsjv‡`‡ki R¡vjvwb mgm¨v wbim‡b cÖv_wgK R¡vjvwb
wn‡m‡e cÖvK…wZK M¨v‡mi ¯^íZv †nZy weKí Drm wn‡m‡e ¯’vbxq Kqjv‡¶Î Dbœq‡bi w`‡K bRi
†`qv ìKvi| ZvB dyjevox Ges cieZ©x‡Z eocyKywiqv †_‡K Db¥y³ c×wZi Lwbi gva¨‡g e¨vcK
Kqjv Drcv`b Kiv ìKvi| Ab¨ c‡ÿi g‡Z KvwiMwi w`K †_‡K Db¥y³ Lwb evsjv‡`‡k Kiv
m¤¢e bq; G‡Z A‡bK SyuwK Av‡Q Ges Av_©-mvgvwRK w`K we‡ePbv Ki‡j Zv ¶wZKi n‡e| G
`‡ji mv‡_ AviI hy³ Av‡Qb ¯’vbxq I RvZxq cwim‡i ÔLwbwe‡ivaxÕ7 Av‡›`vj‡bi Kg©x I
msMVKMY| Zvu‡ì g‡Z K…wlRwg wbf©i wekvj Rb‡Mvôxi Rxeb-RxweKvi ¯’vqx ¶wZ‡K ¸iæZ¡
†`qv ìKvi| evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv GKUv NbemwZc~Y© K…wl AÂ‡j Db¥y³ c×wZi Lwb ‣Zwi Ki‡j
†h eûgvwÎK cÖfve †`Lv w`‡e Zv Gwkqv GbvwR© Gwo‡q †M‡Q e‡jI Zvu‡ì Awf‡hvM Av‡Q|
GLv‡b `ywU wel‡qi Ici †Rvi †`b Zvuiv: K…wl Drcv`b I f~-Af¨šÍ‡ii cvwbi cÖev‡n Lwbi d‡j
m…ó AwfNvZ| Gme mgv‡jvPbvi h_v_©Zv †`Lv hvq 2006 I 2012 mv‡j R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvj‡qi
`y‡Uv we‡klÁ KwgwUi cÖwZ‡e`‡b; Dfq KwgwU Gwkqv GbvwR©i cÖKí wb‡q AviI mgx¶v I
ch©v‡jvPbvi mycvwik K‡i‡Qb|8 2015 mv‡j R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvjq Lwb †Kv¤úvwbi ÔGK`j
AvšÍRv© wZKfv‡e L¨vwZm¤úbœ we‡kl‡Ái Øviv ‣ZwiÕ m¤¢ve¨Zv mgx¶v‡K ÎæwUc~Y© wPwýZ K‡i
evsjv‡`k f~ZvwË¡K Rixc Awa`ßi‡K Avevi mgx¶v Kivi `vwqZ¡ †`q|9 f~ZvwË¡K Rixc
Awa`ß‡ii cwiPvjK Gi Av‡MB 2012 mv‡j gšÍe¨ K‡i‡Qb †h Gwkqv GbvwR©i cÖ¯vÍ ‡e A‡bK
ÔAm½wZÕ Av‡Q Ges †Kv¤úvwb Zvi mgx¶vq bvbv ÔKvíwbKÕ Z_¨ cwi‡ekb K‡i‡Q (RbKÉ, 12
RyjvB 2012, †k‡li cvZv)| 2015-2016 mv‡j e¨vcK mgx¶v K‡i Zvuiv Av_©-mvgvwRK I
cwi‡ekMZ w`K we‡ePbvq dyjevox I eo cyKywiqv AÂ‡j Db¥y³ Lwb Kiv hv‡e bv e‡j R¡vjvwb
†bqv ‡h‡Z cv‡i| hwÌ 2006 mv‡j R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvjq MwVZ we‡klÁ KwgwU Gwkqv GbvwR©i mgx¶vi †h g~j¨vqb
K‡i, Zv‡Z A_©‣bwZK wel‡qi Pyj‡Piv we‡kølY Abycw¯’Z|
7
ÔLwbwe‡ivaxÕ AwfavwU h_v_© bv n‡jI Av‡jvPbvi myweav‡_© eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| ¯’vbxq I RvZxq cwim‡i hviv
Gwkqv GbvwR©i dyjevox Kqjv cÖK‡íi weiæ‡× Av‡›`vjb Ki‡Qb Zvuiv wb‡R‡ì ÔLwbwe‡ivaxÕ e‡j gvb‡Z bvivR|
Zvu‡ì `vex Zuviv Kqjv D‡Ëvj‡bi weiæ‡× bb| Zuviv Kqjv D‡Ëvj‡bi cÖ¯vÍ weZ c×wZ (Db¥y³ c×wZ), D‡ËvwjZ
Kqjvi eënvi (kZKiv 80 fvM ißvwb) Ges Kqjv Lwbi gvwjKvbv (iv‡ó«i e`‡j eûRvwZK †Kv¤úvwb) wb‡q
we‡ivwaZv Ki‡Qb; †Kv‡bv g‡ZB Zvuiv Lwbi we‡ivax bb|
8
†emiKvwi myÎ †_‡K G KwgwU `y‡Uvi cÖwZ‡e`b msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q; ZvB Drm wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kiv nqwb|
9
2012 mv‡ji we‡klÁ KwgwU Gwkqv GbvwR©i m¤¢ve¨Zv mgx¶vi A‡bK ÎywU wPwýZ K‡i; KwgwUi g‡Z, dyjevox
Lwb wb‡q wm×všÍ †bevi Av‡M †ek wKQy ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq †hgb K…wl Drcv`‡bi ¶wZi mv‡_ Kqjv D‡Ëvj‡bi jvf
Ges f~Mf©¯’ cvwb AbeiZ D‡Ëvj‡bi d‡j Lwb msjMœ AÂ‡j K…wl I ¯’vbxq cwi‡e‡ki Dci †h cÖfve co‡e Zv
wb‡q ¯^vaxb mgx¶vi gva¨‡g cy•Lvbycy•L we‡kølY Ki‡Z n‡e|
gš¿Yvjq‡K Rvwb‡q‡Q|10 Gi d‡j 2005 mv‡j DÌvwcZ dyjevoxi ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi I

Lwbwe‡ivax Ab¨vb¨ Kg©x I msMVK‡ì `vexi h_v_©Zv dy‡U DVj|
3| R¡vjvwb wbivcËvq ¯’vbxq Kqjv

2005 Gi ïiæ †_‡KB evsjv‡`‡ki R¡vjvwb wbivcËv wbwð‡Z ¯’vbxq Kqjv weivU f~wgKv
ivL‡Z cv‡i e‡j miKvwi `wjj `¯Ív‡e‡R, Lwb †Kv¤úvwb I Kqjv jwe÷‡ì bvbv eqv‡b I
Rbcwim‡i R¡vjvwb we‡klÁ‡ì Av‡jvPbvq dy‡U D‡V| Gu‡ì Øviv cÖwZwôZ `vcy‡U eqv‡bi g~j
e³e¨ n‡”Q: evsjv‡`‡k cvuPwU Kqjv‡¶‡Î 3 wewjqb U‡bi †ewk Kqjv gRy` Av‡Q| G Kqjv
†d‡j ivLv wVK n‡e bv| wewfbœ mg‡q cÖKvwkZ bvbv msev` cÖwZ‡e`‡b †`Lv hvq A‡b‡K Av‡¶c
K‡i e‡j‡Qb, GZ m¤ú` gvwUi wb‡P c‡o Av‡Q, A_P evsjv‡`k eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv|
2005-2017 mgqKv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki msev`c‡Î cÖKvwkZ Kqjv Dbœqb m¤úwK©Z †ewki fvM
Le‡i D‡jøL Kiv Z‡_ï mvigg© Giƒc: Ôevsjv‡`‡k Kqjvi gRy` cÖvq 3.3 wewjqb Ub| GZ
wekvj AvKv‡ii gRy` †_‡K Kqjv Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡gB evsjv‡`‡ki R¡vjvwb msKU †gvPb m¤¢eÕ| G
e³‡eï g~j wfwË KvwiMwi w`K †_‡K Kqjv D‡Ëvjb welqK wPšÍv| wKš‘ Kqjv D‡Ëvjb ïaygvÎ
KvwiMwi wel‡qi Dci wbf©i K‡i bv, Gi mv‡_ RwUj ivR‣bwZK, A_©‣bwZK I mvgvwRK
welqvejx IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ| Dfq w`‡Ki mgš^q K‡iB G wel‡q wb‡g©vn Av‡jvPbv/weZK©
nIqv DwPZ|
R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvjq my‡Î Rvbv hvq †h, evsjv‡`‡k 5wU Avwe®‥…Z Kqjv Lwb Av‡Q (mviwY 1)|
mviwY 1: evsjv‡`‡ki Kqjv Lwbmg~n
Lwbi bvg Kqjvi MfxiZv Kqjvi gRy`
(Avwe®‥vi mvj) (wgUvi) (wgwjqb Ub)
RvgvjMÄ (1962) 640 1053
eocyKywiqv (1985-1987) 118 390
Lvjvmcxi (1989-1990) 257 685
w`Nxcvov (1994-1995) 328 600
dyjevox (1997) 150 572
Drmt cwiKíbv Kwgkb,lô cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv (2011-2015), fwjDg-2, c… 154|
10
†`Lyb R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvj‡qi bw_ (8 †de«yqvwi 2017; gš¿Yvj‡qi I‡qemvBU †_‡K cÖvß) Ges R¡vjvwb I LwbR
m¤ú` wefv‡Mi evwl©K cÖwZ‡e`b, 2015-2016| GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv ìKvi †h, w`bvRcyi AÂ‡j wK ai‡bi Kqjv
Lwb Kiv hv‡e †m weZ‡K©i Aemvb n‡q‡Q 1990 mv‡j hLb miKvi wb‡qvMK…Z weªwUk wbg©vY dvg© eocyKywiqvi
e¨vcK mgx¶v K‡i f~Mf©¯’ c×wZi Lwb Kivi mycvwik K‡i Ges miKvi ZvB MÖnY K‡i| †mmgq Db¥y³ Lwb Kivi
cÖ¯vÍ e evwZj Kiv nq we`¨gvb f~ZvwË¡K M‡elYvi Av‡jv‡K| GKB f~ZvwË¡K GjvKvq hw` †mmg‡q Db¥y³ Lwbi cÖ¯vÍ e
bvKP nq KvwiMwi Kvi‡Y Zvn‡j GLb †Kb Gwkqv GbvwR© Zv Ki‡Z AvMÖnx Ges G‡Z miKv‡ii mvq Av‡Q Zv wb‡q
miKvwi `wj‡j †Kv‡bv m`yËi cvIqv hvqwb| we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ †`Lyb Imam (2013)|
Dc‡ii G wnmv‡e ÔgRy`Õ ej‡Z wK †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q Zv D‡jøL Kiv nqwb| GUv wK ÔcÖgvwYZÕ
gRy` bvwK Ôm¤¢ve¨Õ gRy`, bvwK ÔD‡Ëvjb‡hvM¨Õ gRy` Zv ¯úó bq| Ab¨w`‡K evsjv‡`k f~ZvwË¡K
Rixc Awa`ß‡ii wnmve11 Abyhvqx Kqjvi ÔcÖgvvwYZÕ gRy‡ì wnmve GiKg: eocyKywiqvq 300
wgwjqb Ub, Lvjvmcx‡i 143 wgwjqb Ub I w`Nxcvovq 150 wgwjqb Ub| RvgvjM‡Ä Kqjvi
cwigvY Dc‡ii mviwY‡Z †`qv Z‡_ï g‡ZvB Av‡Q| G cÖwZ‡e`‡b dyjevox m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv Z_¨
†bB; †Kbbv H Lwb f~ZvwË¡K Rixc Awa`ßi Avwe®‥vi K‡iwb| 2006 mv‡ji GwcÖj gv‡m cÖYxZ
evsjv‡`k ÔKqjv bxwZÕi PZy_© fvm©‡bi cwiwk‡ó 18 RyjvB 2002 mv‡j R¡vjvwb mwPe eivei
wjwLZ evsjv‡`k f~ZvwË¡K Rixc Awa`ß‡ii GKwU msw¶ß cÖwZ‡e`b hy³ Kiv nq| Zv‡Z
Kqjvi ÔcÖgvwYZÕ gRy‡ì wnmve GiKg: RvgvjM‡Ä 1053 wgwjqb Ub, eocyKywiqvq 300
wgwjqb Ub, Lvjvmcx‡i 143 wgwjqb Ub Ges dyjevox‡Z 400 wgwjqb Ub| w`Nxcvov wb‡q
†Kv‡bv Z_¨ †bB; †Kbbv †mLv‡b H mg‡q gRy` wba©vi‡Yi KvR PjwQj| 2004 mv‡j cÖYxZ
RvZxq R¡vjvwb bxwZi Lmovq (c… 9) ejv n‡q‡Q, dyjevox Lwb‡Z ÔcÖv_wgKÕ gRy` Av‡Q 400
wgwjqb Ub; Avi G †_‡K ÔD‡Ëvjb‡hvM¨Õ gRy‡ì cwigvY 80 wgwjqb Ub | †`Lv hv‡”Q, Dc‡ii
mviwY‡Z dyjevox Lwb m¤ú‡K© †`qv Z‡_ï mv‡_ R¡vjvwb bxwZ‡Z D‡jøwLZ Z‡_ï e¨vcK cv_©K¨
i‡q‡Q| R¡vjvwb bxwZi Lmovq AviI ejv n‡q‡Q, evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ Lwb‡Z _vKv Kqjvi g‡a¨
492 wgwjqb Ub ÔD‡Ëvjb‡hvM¨Õ| Zvn‡j †`Lv hvq 3.3 wewjq‡bi g‡a¨ gvÎ 500 wgwjqb Ub
Kqjv D‡Ëvjb‡hvM¨ | 2007 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i cv‡Uvqvix KwgwU KZ©…K cÖYxZ Kqjv bxwZ welqK
cÖwZ‡e`‡bi cwiwk‡ó †`qv Z_¨ Abyhvqx ÔcÖgvwYZÕ gRy‡ì cwigvY Giƒc: eocyKywiqv 303
wgwjqb Ub, Lvjvmcxi 143 wgwjqb Ub, w`Nxcvov 150 wgwjqb Ub Ges dyjevox 288 wgwjqb
Ub| G‡Z RvgvjMÄ Lwb wb‡q †Kv‡bv Z_¨ †bB| mv¤cÖwZK Z_¨ cvIqv hvq Gwkqvb
†W‡fjc‡g›U e¨vsK Gi A_©vq‡b R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvj‡qi Rb¨ cÖvBm IqvUvi nvDm Kycvm© Gi ‣Zwi
Kiv 2016 mv‡ji ÔR¡vjvwb wbivcËv mgx¶vq (c…. 67)| G‡Z Kqjvi gRy` (wK ai‡bi gRy` Zv
ejv †bB) wnmv‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q: RvgvjMÄ 1053.90 wgwjqb Ub, eocyKywiqv 400 wgwjqb
Ub, Lvjvmcxi 523.49 wgwjqb Ub, w`Nxcvov 600 wgwjqb Ub Ges dyjevox 572 wgwjqb
Ub| Avevi cÖgvwYZ gRy`B †kl K_v bq| cÖgvwYZ gRy` †_‡K wK cwigvY Kqjv D‡Ëvjb Kiv
hv‡e Zv wbf©i K‡i gvBb c×wZ I Avbylw½K bvbv wel‡qi Dci| evsjv‡`k Kqjv bxwZi PZy_©
fvm©‡bi cwiwk‡ó †`qv Z_¨ Abyhvqx ÔD‡Ëvjb‡hvM¨Õ Kqjvi cwigvY Giƒc: RvgvjMÄ 120
wgwjqb Ub, eocyKywiqv 64 wgwjqb Ub, Lvjvmcxi 14 wgwjqb Ub, w`Nxcvov 40 wgwjqb Ub
Ges dyjevox 298 wgwjqb Ub| Gi g‡a¨ dyjevox Qvov evwK¸‡jv‡K f~Mf©¯’ c×wZi Lwb
wn‡m‡e aiv n‡q‡Q| †`Lv hv‡”Q, miKvwi I †emiKvwi bvbv cÖwZ‡e`‡b cÖgvwYZ, m¤¢ve¨ I
D‡Ëvjb‡hvM¨ gRy` wb‡q †Kv‡bv mvgÄm¨ †bB| R¡vjvwb wbivcËvq ¯’vbxq Kqjvi eënvi wb‡q
Av‡jvPbvi ïiæ‡Z Gi myivnv nIqv ìKvi|
11
Òwgbv‡ij wW‡cvwmU Ae evsjv‡`kÓ kxl©K GK cÖwZ‡e`b (hv evsjv‡`k f~ZvwË¡K Rixc Awa`ß‡ii I‡qemvB‡U
12 †m‡Þ¤î 2017 Zvwi‡L nvjbvMv` Kiv n‡q‡Q)|
Giƒc Z_¨ weåvwšÍi †cÖw¶‡Z R¡vjvwb wbivcËvq ¯’vbxq Kqjvi eënvi m¤úwK©Z wPšÍvfvebv
†ek †Mvj‡g‡j| D`vniY ¯îƒc me‡P‡q †ewk cwigvY Kqjv gRy` _vKv RvgvjMÄ Lwbi K_vB
aiv hvK| miKvwi `wjj Abymv‡i G Lwb‡Z 640-1,058 wgUvi MfxiZvq 1,053 wgwjqb Ub
Kqjv Av‡Q| Db¥y³ wKsev f~Mf©¯’ c×wZi †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvM K‡i G Lwb †_‡K Kqjv D‡Ëvjb Kiv
hv‡e bv; Z‡e Ab¨ †Kv‡bv weKí c×wZ‡Z Kqjv †_‡K M¨vm D‡Ëvjb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i e‡j
evsjv‡`‡ki f~ZË¡we` I R¡vjvwb we‡klÁMY A‡bKw`b †_‡KB e‡j AvmwQ‡jb| dyjevox‡Z
2005-2006 mv‡ji MYAv‡›`vj‡bi ìæb Kqjv D‡Ëvj‡b evav ‣Zwi nevi c‡i R¡vjvwb
gš¿Yvjq RvgvjMÄ Lwbi w`‡K AvMÖnx nq| R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvjq Avkvev`x n‡q m¤cÖwZ fviZxq GK
†Kv¤úvwb‡K wb‡qvM K‡iwQj RvgvjMÄ KqjvLwb †_‡K †Kvj-‡eW wg‡_b M¨vm cvIqv hvq wKbv
Zv cix¶v Kivi Rb¨| bvbv cix¶v-wbix¶v Kivi c‡i H †Kv¤úvwb R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvjq‡K
Rvwb‡q‡Q †h, RvgvjMÄ Kqjv Lwb‡Z D‡Ëvjb‡hvM¨ †Kv‡bv †Kvj-‡eW wg‡_b M¨vm †bB (wbD
GR, 17 b‡f¤î, 2016)| d‡j RvgvjMÄ Lwbi 1 wewjqb U‡bi †ewk Kqjv †Kv‡bv Kv‡RB
eënvi Kiv hv‡e bv| ZvB RvgvjMÄ Lwb LwbRm¤ú‡ì I R¡vjvwb wbivcËvq ¯’vbxq Kqjvi
eënvi m¤úwK©Z mg¯Í wnmve-wbKvk †_‡K ev` covi K_v|
4| ¯’vbxq gvby‡li Lwb we‡ivax cÖwZev‡ì fvlv

2005 mv‡ji GwcÖj gvm †_‡KB dyjevox AÂ‡j Kqjv Lwbi weiæ‡× Av‡›`vjb `vbv evua‡Z
_v‡K| Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L dyjevox kni AÂ‡ji †ewkifvM GjvKvq Gwkqv GbvwR© †Kv‡bv ai‡bi
Rwic KvR cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| Gwkqv GbvwR©i g‡Z Kqjv AÂ‡ji kZKiv 74 fvM gvbyl
Zv‡ì cÖKí‡K mg_©b K‡i‡Q hw` h_v_© ¶wZc~iY cwi‡kva Kiv nq (AECB 2005)| Zv‡ì
G aviYv‡K fyj cÖgvY K‡i K‡qK gv‡mi g‡a¨ e¨vcK MYAv‡›`vjb M‡o D‡V hvi ìæb MZ GK
`k‡KiI †ewk mgq a‡i G cÖKí ev¯Íevqb nqwb| 2006 mv‡ji R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvjq MwVZ
we‡klÁ KwgwU Kqjv AÂj mdi K‡i ¯’vbxq gvby‡li mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i Gwkqv GbvwR©i G
`vexi mZ¨Zv Lyu‡R cvbwb|
Ôdyjevox i¶v KwgwUÕi e¨vbv‡i ¯’vbxq gvbyl msMwVZ nq 2005 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m | Gi
Av‡M ¯’vbxq GK ivR‣bwZK msMVb (RvZxq K…lK †¶ZgRyi mwgwZ) I mvgvwRK msMVb
(dyjevox KwgDwbwU KvDwÝj) GwcÖj gv‡m Lwbi weiæ‡× RbMY‡K †mv”Pvi nevi Avnevb Rvbvq|
dyjevox KwgDwbwU KvDwÝj Gwkqv GbvwR© I evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii bvbv `dZ‡i GK ¯§viKwjwc
cvVvq| Gu‡ì mevi g~j `vex †h Zvuiv ev¯ÍywfUv, K…wl Rwg, evc `v`vi Kei, ¯’vbxq m¤cÖ`v‡qi
mvgvwRK, mvs¯‥…wZK KvVv‡gv aŸsm K‡i Db¥y³ c×wZi Kqjv Lwb Pvq bv|12 Lwb evwZ‡ji `vwe
12
†`Lyb dyjevox i¶v KwgwUi wjd‡jUÔAvnevbÕ (Ryb 2005); cÖavbgš¿x eivei †cÖwiZ ¯§viKwjwc (18 Ryb
2005)|
Rvwb‡q Zvuiv cÖavbgš¿xÕi Kv‡Q ¯§viKwjwc †`qv mn niZvj, gvbe eÜb, wgwQj, mgv‡ek K‡i‡Q
1 eQ‡ii AwaKKvj a‡i |
2005 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m Gwkqv GbvwR©i K‡qKRb Kg©KZ©v dyjevox †gq‡ii Awd‡m
Lwb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i Gi mydj Zy‡j a‡ib| Dcw¯’Z ¯’vbxq GwjU‡ì g‡a¨ Db¥y³ Lwb wb‡q
†hme cÖkœ Rv‡M Zvi m‡šÍvlRbK Reve bv †c‡q Zvuiv Lwbwe‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi wPšÍvfvebv ïiæ
K‡ib| Zuv‡ì wPšÍvi welq wQj †h, evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv Aí Rwgi †`‡k †Kv_vq GZ gvbyl‡K
(cÖvq 40,000) cybe©vmb Kiv n‡e? Rwgi Afve‡nZy GB cybe©vwmZ gvbyl‡ì RxweKvi wK n‡e?
wekvj GjvKvi Rwg nvwi‡q (6,000 †n±i) Rwg wbf©i gvby‡li RxweKvi wK n‡e?13 Db¥y³ Lwbi
d‡j H AÂ‡ji f~Mf©¯’ cvwb cÖev‡ni e¨vcK gvÎvq †h ¶wZ n‡e Ges Kqjv †Zvjvi Rb¨
f~Af¨šÍ‡ii cvwb DwV‡q †djvi ìæb 314 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi GjvKvi (Kqjv gRy‡ì †K›`ª _‡K
Pvwiw`‡K 10 wK‡jvwgUvi GjvKv) wekvj Rb‡Mvôxi K…wlKvRmn cÖvZ¨wnK bvbv Kv‡R cvwbi
Pvwn`v c~iY †h e¨vnZ n‡e Zv wb‡q Gwkqv GbvwR©i KZ©ve¨w³MY Zvu‡ì m`yËi w`‡Z cv‡ibwb|14
GLv‡b D‡jøL †h, dyjevoxi gvbyl RwgRgv I ev¯ÍywfUv nvwi‡q Avw_©K ¶wZc~i‡Yi wewbg‡q
D‡”Q` n‡Z †gv‡UI AvMÖnx bq; Lwb AÂ‡ji †h †Kv‡bv cÖv‡šÍ G fvebv GKB iKg| Gwkqv
GbvwR© bvbv AvKl©Yxq cÖ¯vÍ e cÖPvi K‡i ¶wZMÖ¯‡Í ì cybe©vm‡bi (AvaywbK g‡Wj UvDb)
cÖwZZk«ywZ w`‡jI K…wlRxwe cwiev‡ii gvbyl cybe©vwmZ UvD‡bi e× KvVv‡gvq ¯^v”Q‡›`¨ evm Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb bv e‡jB gZ †`b| †hgb: GK m¤úbœ K…lK e‡jb:
Avgvi 50-60 weNv Rwg Av‡Q; Avwg GjvKvi GKRb m¤§vbx gvbyl| bvbv Kv‡R gvbyl
Avgvi Kv‡Q Av‡m I DcK…Z nq| cybe©vwmZ AÂ‡j Avwg wK G m¤§vb cv‡ev? Avgvi evwo‡Z eo
eo Pvi Lvbv Ni Av‡Q; Gme mviv eQi bvbv Kv‡R eëüZ nq| Avgvi GB wekvj cwievi wb‡q
GK-`yB Kvgivi AvaywbK evox‡Z wKfv‡e evm Kie? Avgv‡K K‡qK jvL UvKv ¶wZc~iY w`‡jI
Avwg GB cwigvY Rwg †Kv_vq cve? Rwg †c‡jI Avwg wK GB cwigvY Rwg H UvKvq wKb‡Z
13
GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv ìKvi †h, Rwgi cwigvY I D‡”Q` n‡Z n‡e GiKg gvby‡li msL¨v wb‡q Gwkqv GbvwR© mwVK
Z_¨ miKvi‡K †`qwb e‡jB g‡b nq| Lwbi d‡j cÖZ¨¶fv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡e 78.5 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi GjvKv (Kqjv
gRy‡ì †K›`ª †_‡K Pvwiw`‡K 5 wK‡jvwgUvi GjvKv); Rwgi cwigv‡Yi wnmv‡e Zv 7,800 †n±‡ii †ewk| Gi mv‡_
hy³ n‡e Lwbi bvbv AeKvVv‡gv I dyjevox kni cÖwZ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ eëüZ Rwg| 2006 mv‡j R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvjq
MwVZ we‡klÁ KwgwUI Rwgi cwigvY wb‡q A¯^”QZv wPwýZ K‡ib| G KwgwU 2001 mv‡ji ïgvwii Av‡jv‡K wnmve
K‡ib †h, cÖZ¨¶fv‡e 50,000 Gi AwaK Ges c‡iv¶fv‡e 220,000 gvbyl Lwbi Kg©Kv‡Ð ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡e| G msL¨v
GLb AviI †ewk n‡e Zv‡Z †Kv‡bv m‡›`n †bB| †jL‡Ki wb‡Ri wnmv‡eI †`Lv †M‡Q, Gwkqv GbvwR© cÖ` Ë msL¨v
miKvwi cwimsL¨v‡bi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© bq| GUv Lwb †Kv¤úvwbi LiP Kgv‡bvi Ges bxwZ wba©viK‡ì m¤§wZ
Av`v‡qi GKUv ÷ª¨v‡UwR n‡Z cv‡i| ¯’vbxq Av‡›`vjbKvix‡ì g‡Z Av‡›`vj‡bi ZxeªZv †`‡L mg‡q mg‡q Gwkqv
GbvwR© Gme wnmve-wbKvk cv‡ë †d‡j‡Q| Lwb †Kv¤úvwbi †Kv‡bv Kg©KZ©v mv¶vrKvi w`‡Z ivRx nqwb e‡j Gme
welq hvPvB Kiv hvqwb|
14
gvV M‡elYvq H mfvq Dcw¯’Z K‡qKR‡bi mv‡_ Avjv‡ci wfwË‡Z GUv Rvbv hvq|
cvie? Av‡iKUv K_v, ev¯Íy wfUv I K…wl Rwg nvwi‡q Avwg‡Zv ÔDØv¯‘Õ n‡q †Mjvg;ÔDØv¯ÍyÕ‡K †KD
m¤§vb †`q bv| ¸”Q MÖv‡g ÔDØv¯‘iÕ Rxeb m¤§v‡bi Rxeb bq|
Dc‡ii Dw³‡Z Avw_©K wel‡qi mv‡_ mvgvwRK I mvs¯‥…wZK welq Rwo‡q Av‡Q hv wb‡q Lwb
†Kv¤úvwbi evP‡b GjvKvi gvbyl mš‘ó nqwb| Av‡iK K…l‡Ki e³e¨ XvKvi GwjU gn‡ji wPšÍvi
MfxiZv‡KB cÖkwœ e× K‡i| Zvui g‡Z,
Avgvi Rwg‡Z Avwg eQ‡i `yB dmj djvB; `ywU av‡bi Avev` Kwi| †h avb cvB
Zvi KZZyKy Avgvi wb‡Ri jv‡M? mvgvb¨ AskB jv‡M| evwKUv †Zv evRv‡i wewµB
Kwi| Avgv‡ì H avb mviv †`‡k hvq|G GjvKv av‡bi Rb¨ weL¨vZ; Gi avb mviv
†`‡k bv †M‡j A‡bK gvby‡li av‡bi Pvwn`v wgU‡e bv| Avgv‡ì GB avwb Rwg
†KqvgZ bvMv` djb †`‡e; Gi dj mviv †`‡ki gvbyl †fvM K‡i| †`‡ki eo eo
†bZviv XvKvq e‡m wK wPšÍv K‡i Avwg †f‡e cvB bv| GZ av‡bi †hvMvb bó Ki‡j
wK Ae¯’v n‡e?
GLv‡b †`Lv hvq avb ebvg Kqjv wb‡q ¯’vbxq gvbyl‡ì cwi®‥vi fvebv Av‡Q| Gwkqv
GbvwR©Ôi `wjj `¯Ív‡e‡R av‡bi ¶wZ wb‡q m‡šÍvlRbK e¨vL¨v †bB e‡j 2006 I 2012 mv‡ji
`ywU miKvwi we‡klÁ KwgwU wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb| ïay av‡bi Rwg I emZwfUv nviv‡bv bq, MÖv‡gi
gvby‡li Kv‡Q Zvui evc-`v`vi Ke‡ii ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg; Lwbwe‡ivax g‡bvfve ‣Zwi‡Z Gme
mvs¯‥…wZK Dcv`vbI e¨vcK f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q| GK`j MÖvgevmxi mv‡_ `jMZ Av‡jvPbvq Rvb‡Z
PvIqv n‡qwQj Avm‡j Gwkqv GbvwR©i Lwb cÖK‡íi weiæ‡× H AÂ‡j †Kb GZ †¶vf| RwgRgv
nviv‡bvi K_v‡K GKUy mij K‡i ejv n‡jv †h A‡_©i wewbg‡q A‡bK GjvKvq †Zv ÔDbœqbÕ
cÖK‡íi Rb¨ gvbyl‡K D‡”Q` n‡Z n‡”Q Ges gvbyl ivRxI n‡”Q| GKRb eq¯‥ gvbyl †¶v‡fi
mwnZ e‡j DV‡jb:
Avgvi RwgRgv I em‡Zi †P‡qI `vgx m¤ú` Av‡Q; Zvi †Kv‡bv ¶wZc~iY nq bv;
†KD †mUv w`‡Z cv‡i bv| †mUv Avgvi evc-`v`vmn †Mvôxi mK‡ji Kei¯’vb| G
MÖv‡g Avgv‡ì bvoxi m¤ú‡K©i m~Î GB Kei¯’vb| Avgvi bvg cwiPq †h †KD kbv³
Ki‡Z cv‡i H esk myÎ a‡i| GUv nviv‡j Avgvi bvg cwiPqB †kl| †Kv_vq cv‡ev
GUv?
Lwb AÂ‡ji cÖvq GK-PZy_©vsk GjvKvq Ggb `ywU Rb‡Mvôxi evm hviv D‡”Q`‡K Zuv‡ì
g„Zz¨ wn‡m‡eB we‡ePbv Ki‡Q| Gi GKwU n‡”Q †ek wKQy Avwèvmx m¤cÖ`vq hviv H AÂ‡j
HwZnvwmKfv‡e bvbv cÖwµqvq Rwg nvwi‡q I eÂbvi wkKvi n‡q GLb †ek cÖvwšÍK gv‡bi Rxeb
hvcb Ki‡Q (m‡ib, †evinvb I mygb 2014)| GiKg GK m¤cÖ`v‡qi ¯’vbxq GK cÖexY †bZv
e‡jb:
Lwb †Kv¤úvwbi †jvKRb Avgv‡ì MÖv‡g K‡qKevi G‡m‡Q; Lwb m¤ú‡K© bvbv K_v
ïwb‡q‡Q Avgv‡ì| Avgv‡ì e¨vcK DbœwZ n‡e e‡j bvbv jv‡fi Avkv †`wL‡q‡Q|
Avwgmn GjvKvi mevB Avgiv me mgq e‡jwQ †h Rwg Rgv †Q‡o Avgiv †Kv_vI
hve bv| hZ eviB G‡m‡Q ZZeviB GKB K_v e‡jwQ| Avgv‡ì G Ae¯’v‡bi
boQo nqwb|
Av‡iK Avwèvmx e¨w³ (whwb Avwèvmx AwaKvi welqK GKRb Kg©x) ej‡jb,
Lwb n‡j Avwèvmx gvby‡li Aw¯ÍZ¡ _vK‡e bv; †`‡k †`‡k †hLv‡bB Lwb n‡q‡Q
†mLvbKvi Avwèvmx aŸsm n‡q †M‡Q| fvi‡Zi SvoL‡Ûi D`vniY †`‡Lb, †mLv‡b
Avwèvmx gvbyl KyKyi weov‡ji g‡Zv evm Ki‡Q| Avwèvmx gvbyl m¤úª`vqMZfv‡e
GK‡Î evm bv Ki‡j evuP‡e bv| Lwb n‡j †Zv Avgv‡ì †Rvi K‡i Zvwo‡q †`‡e|
Avgiv cÖvwšÍK gvbyl jovB K‡i cvi‡ev bv; evOvwjiv me †K‡o †b‡e| ¶wZc~i‡Yi
KvbvKwoI cve bv|
Lwbi weiæ‡× Avwèvmx‡ì Ae¯’vb Zvu‡ì HwZnvwmK AwfÁZvi dj| DËivÂ‡j
Avwèvmx‡ì bvbv ai‡bi †kvlY eÂbv I ‣elg¨ HwZnvwmK I ivR‣bwZK fv‡e Zuv‡ì †hb
ÔwbRf~‡g cievmxÕK‡i †d‡j‡Q (Kvgvj, PµeZ©x I bvmwib 2006)| Avw_©K ¶wZc~i‡Yi
gvb`‡Ð Zuv‡ì Lwbwe‡ivax g‡bvfve‡K cwigvc Kiv hv‡e bv| Lwb †Kv¤úvwb ZvB K‡i‡Q|
Avwèvmx Bmy¨‡Z Lwb †Kv¤úvwbi Av‡iKwU c`‡¶c Zuv‡ì Lwbwe‡ivax g‡bvfv‡e‡K †ek
†Rviv‡jv K‡i‡Q| Gwkqv GbvwR©Ôi wnmve g‡Z Kqjv Lwbi d‡j gvÎ 2,300 Avwèvmx‡K D‡”Q`
n‡Z n‡e| 2011 mv‡ji Av`gïgvwi †_‡K †`Lv hvq H AÂ‡j †gvU 17,000 Avwèvmx evm
K‡ib|15 Avwèvmx Aay¨wlZ GK BDwbq‡bi K‡qKwU MÖv‡gB 2011 Gi wnmve Abyhvqx 5,309
Rb Avwèvmx evm K‡ib (BBS 2014)| d‡j †`Lv hvq, Gwkqv GbvwR© Lwb ‣Zwii Av‡MB
cÖvwšÍK Avwèvmx‡ì ÔBbwfwmejÕ K‡i †d‡j‡Q| Lwb ïiæ n‡j Gu‡ì wK Ae¯’v n‡e Zv Dc‡ii
Dw³‡KB †hb mg_©b K‡i |
Lwb AÂ‡ji GB GjvKvq Avwèvmx‡ì cvkvcvwk GK ÔAwfevmxÕ m¤cÖ`v‡qi gvbyl evm
K‡ib hviv msL¨vq cÖvq 5,000; Zviv RvwZ‡Z evOvwj gymjgvb n‡jI ¯’vbxq gvbyl‡ì mv‡_
Zuv‡ì mvgvwRK I mvs¯‥…wZK `~iZ¡ Av‡Q| ¯’vbxq gvbyl Zuv‡ì bvbvfv‡e e¨½ K‡i, AcgvbRbK
bv‡g Wv‡K, Ges mvgvwRKfv‡e Gwo‡q P‡jb| Guiv PvucvB beveMÄ †Rjvi cÙv b`xi fv½b
KewjZ GjvKvq RwgRgv nvwi‡q 1971 cieZ©xKv‡j G GjvKvq G‡m eb wefv‡Mi Rwg `Lj
K‡i Zv †K‡U avbx Rwg I emZwfUv ‣Zwi K‡i‡Qb| Pvi hy‡Mi †ewk mgq a‡i Ô‡PBb gvB‡MÖkbÕ
Gi m~‡Î H AÂ‡ji gvbyl G‡m GLv‡b emwZ ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb Ges GKUv ÔGb‡K¬vmW KwgDwbwUÕ
15
¯’vbxq Avwèvmx †bZv‡ì g‡Z G msL¨v åvšÍ; †Kbbv miKvwi ïgvwii mgq MYbvKvixM‡Yi Avwèvmx‡ì
mvs¯‥…wZK wel‡q ch©vß aviYv bv _vKvq A‡bK Avwèvmx‡K Ab¨ a‡g©i gvbyl‡ì KvZv‡i †djv nq| d‡j Avwèvmxi
msL¨v K‡g hvq| Zuv‡ì `vwe Lwb GjvKvi 67 Avwèvmx MÖv‡g cÖvq 50,000 Avwèvmx evm K‡i| miKvwi `wjj
`¯Ív‡e‡Ri Av‡jv‡K GwU hvPvB Kiv hvqwb|
Gi g‡Zv evm K‡i| Gu‡ì †ewkifv‡Mi RwgRgvi †Kv‡bv mË¡ †bB; hv‡ì Av‡Q ZvI A‣ea
Dcv‡q msMÖn Kiv| ninv‡gkvB eb wefv‡Mi †jvKRb G‡m Zuv‡ì Lei †`q Rwgi KvMRcÎ
wb‡q †`Lv Kivi Rb¨| Gu‡ì g‡a¨ D‡”Q‡ì AvZ¼RwbZ Kvi‡Y Lwbwe‡ivax g‡bvfve †ek
cÖej| G MÖv‡gi GKRb gv`ªvmv wk¶K whwb Avevi RwgRgvq Pv‡li KvRI K‡ib Lwbwe‡ivax
Av‡›`vjb wb‡q Avjvc Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb:
40 eQi a‡i ax‡i ax‡i Avgiv G GjvKvq emwZ M‡o Zy‡jwQ| GjvKvi ¯’vbxq
gvbyl Avgv‡ì †Kv‡bv `vg †`q bv| we‡q kvw`‡Z AvMÖnx nq bv| GLb A‡bK w`b
c‡i m¤ú©‡Ki GKUy DbœwZ n‡”Q| GUv 40 eQ‡ii †gjv‡gkvi dj| GLvb †_‡K
D‡”Q` n‡q †Kv_vq wM‡q Avevi evm Kie? GK AwbwðZ Rxe‡bi gy‡L Avgv‡ì
†V‡j †Ìqv n‡e| Avgv‡ì †h‡nZy Rwgi ¯^Ë¡ †bB ZvB Avgiv †Kv‡bv ¶wZc~iY
cve bv| Lwb †Kv¤úvwb hwÌ e‡j‡Q AvgivI ¶wZ c~iY cv‡ev, Avgiv GUv wek¦vm
Kwiwb| f~wg Awdm †_‡K hv‡ì AwiwRbvj KvMRcÎ _v‡K Zv‡ìB ïay ¶wZc~iY
†`qv nq; Zv Avgiv Rvwb| Lwb †Kv¤úvwb Avgv‡ì mvšÍbv w`‡Z Hme e‡j‡Q| Lwb
n‡j Avgiv Avevi DØv¯‘ ne| GKevi DØv¯‘ n‡q GKUv mgvR Mo‡Z 40 eQ‡i
†j‡M‡Q| Gevi Lwbi Kvi‡Y D‡”Q` n‡j Avgvi evwK Rxe‡b Avi mgvRe× Rxe‡b
evm Ki‡Z cvie bv|
d‡j †`Lv hvq Kqjv Lwb ‣Zwii †¶‡Î Avw_©K w`KB g~j welq bq; Lwb AÂ‡ji gvby‡li
Rwg‡Kw›`ªK Rxeb, m¤cÖ`vq, ms¯‥…wZ-Gm‡ei bvbvgvwÎK fvebv Zuv‡ì D‡”Q` AvZ¼‡K Gwkqv
GbvwR©i weiæ‡× msMwVZ n‡Z fxlYfv‡e AbycÖvwYZ K‡i‡Q| Av‡iK MÖv‡g G wb‡q Avjvc Ki‡Z
hvevi c‡_ GKRb m¤úbœ K…lK AcwiwPZ g‡b K‡i Avgvi H GjvKvq hvevi KviY †R‡b †¶vf
`gv‡Z bv †c‡i e‡jb:
Avgv‡ì evbv‡bv miKvi hw` Avgv‡ì K_v bv ï‡b we‡`kx GK †Kv¤úvwbi K_vB ïay
wek¦vm K‡i Zvn‡j Lwb Kivi Av‡M Avgv‡ì Dci †_‡K †evgv †g‡i †d‡j †hb †g‡i
†d‡j; Avgiv bv _vK‡j †Zv cÖwZ‡iv‡ai †KD _vK‡e bv| miKv‡ii UvKvI †`qv jvM‡e
bv| Avgv‡ì DØv¯‘ bv K‡i G‡Kev‡i Rv‡b †g‡i †djv †nvK| Avi Zv bv Ki‡j
G‡Kev‡i i³viw³ n‡e| gvbyl jovB bv K‡i G RvqMv Qvo‡e bv evcy|
G †¶v‡fi cÖKv‡k GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq nvwRi nq hv Kqjv Lwb welqK Rbcwim‡ii
`vcy‡U Av‡jvPbvq G‡Kev‡iB Abycw¯’Z| ¯’vbxq gvby‡li MYZvwš¿K AwaKv‡ii K_vB g‡b Kwi‡q
†`q Dc‡i ewY©Z Dw³| ÔUc-WvDbÕ c×wZ‡Z ‣Zwi we`y¨r gnvcwiKíbvq Kqjv AÂ‡ji gvby‡li
AwfgZ Avg‡j bv †bevi †h cÖkvmwbK ms¯‥…wZ evsjv‡`‡k we`¨gvb Zv‡KB cÖ‡kœi gy‡LvgywL
K‡i‡Q Lwb AÂ‡ji GB cÖwZ‡iva| RvZxq Kqjv bxwZi Lmovq G‡KK mgq G‡KK bxwZ
Ae¯’vb e¨³ Kiv n‡jI Zv Kqjv AÂ‡ji gvby‡li fvebv‡K Avg‡j bv wb‡qB Kiv n‡q‡Q
2005-2015 mgqKv‡j| A_P ¯’vbxq Kqjvi eënvi evov‡Z Kqjv Lwbi Dbœqb Ki‡Z n‡j
Zvi gvïj w`‡e Kqjv AÂ‡ji RbMY| eocyKywiqvi Lwb AÂ‡j Gi bgybv †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq|
Rwg †`‡e hvIqvq I Nievwoi dvUj ‣Zwi nIqvq gvbyl cÖwZev` Ki‡Q| Lwb AÂ‡ji
cÖwZ‡iv‡ai fvlv hZœ mnKv‡i cvV Ki‡j †`Lv hvq Zviv RbbxwZ ‣Zwii GB GwjU KvVv‡gv‡KB
cÖkwœ e× K‡i‡Q| Lwb AÂ‡j Gwkqv GbvwR©i cÖkwœ e× ÔDbœqbÕ cwiKíbv wb‡q GKRb K…wl
kÖwg‡Ki e³e¨ GiKg:
Avgvi RwgRgv †bB; Avgvi g‡Zv A‡bK gwnjv hv‡ì Avcwb GB †¶‡Z K…wl kÖwgK
wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Z †`L‡Qb Zvu‡ì Kv‡iv RwgRgv †bB| wKš‘ Avgiv Kó K‡i
`y‡ejv †L‡Z cviwQ| A‡bï Rwg‡Z MZi †L‡U KvwU‡q w`w”Q| Lwb n‡j GB
Rwg¸‡jv †Zv _vK‡e bv| Avgv‡ì Kv‡Ri wK n‡e? †Kv_vq KvR Ki‡Z hve?
miKvi wK Avgv‡ì Kv‡Ri eë¯’v K‡i w`‡e? Avgiv †Zv miKv‡ii Kv‡Q wKQy PvB
bv| †fv‡Ui mgq KZ †bZv †`Lv hvq; Avi GLb Avgv‡ì Rxeb hLb hvevi jvM‡Q
ZLb †KD †bB| miKvi wK †`‡Lbv †h GZ gvby‡li wK n‡e?
‡fvU I miKvi cÖm‡½ A‡bK mv¶vrKv‡i evi evi D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q| †hgb GK ¯‥yj wk¶‡Ki
mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvi mgq Zuv‡K Lye Amnvq †`Lvw”Qj; wZwb g‡b KiwQ‡jb †h miKvi †Rvi K‡i
Zv‡ì Ô‡Lw`‡qÕ Lwb †Kv¤úvwbi Rb¨ gvV cÖ¯Z ‘ Ki‡Z cv‡i| ci‡¶YB wZwb ej‡jb †h,
MYZvwš¿K †`‡k GUv n‡Z cv‡ibv:
GUv †Kgb K_v †h †Rvi LvwU‡q Avgv‡ì †Lw`‡q †`‡e| GUv †Zv MYZ‡š¿i
†`k;msMÖvg K‡i G‡`‡k MYZvwš¿K eë¯’v Pvjy n‡q‡Q| Zvn‡j Avgv‡ì K_vi †Zv
`vg w`‡Z n‡e| †`‡ki bvMwiK wn‡m‡e Avgv‡ì gZvg‡Zi g~j¨ Av‡Q| Avgv‡ì
AwfgZ hw` Lwbi wec‡¶ nq Zvn‡j miKvi ev Lwb †Kv¤úvwb †Zv †Rvi LvUv‡Z
cv‡i bv| GB †h gvbyl gviv †Mj 26 AvM‡÷ GUv †Zv Lye Lvivc n‡jv| Avgiv
Avgv‡ì `vex wb‡q MYZvwš¿K Dcv‡q Av‡›`vjb K‡iwQ; cywj‡ki ¸wj Pvjv‡bv wK
wVK n‡q‡Q?
G Av‡jvPbv †kl Kiv n‡e w`bvRcyi AÂ‡ji GK eëmvqx †bZvi mv‡_ KqjvLwb Dbœqb I
Gi d‡j ¯’vbxq eëmv-evwY‡R¨ wK AwfNvZ n‡e Zv wb‡q ‡jL‡Ki AvjvcPvwiZv w`‡q| Zuvi
g‡Z,
Lwbi d‡j R¡vjvwb mgm¨vi nq‡Zv mgvavb n‡e| Avgv‡ì R¡vjvwb msK‡Ui wPšÍv †_‡K
KqjvLwb n‡”Q ev n‡eB-eëmvqx‡ì GUvB aviYv| wKš‘ Avgv‡ì GLv‡b wkí/KjKviLvbv
K…wlwfwËK KuvPvgv‡ji Dci wbf©ikxj| ZvB Lwb Ki‡Z †M‡j Avgv‡ì hw` K…wl Rwgi ¶wZ nq,
Zvn‡j ¶y`ª/gvSvix †hme wkí GB AÂ‡j Av‡Q, Zv KuvPvgv‡ji Afv‡e aŸsm n‡q hv‡e-GUvI
Avgv‡ì fvev‡”Q|
Rvb‡Z PvIqv nq wKfv‡e Kqjv D‡Ëvjb R¡vjvwb msKU mgvav‡b f~wgKv ivL‡e? wZwb
ej‡jb †h, Kqjv D‡Ëvj‡bi ci Zv w`‡q we`y¨r ‣Zwi n‡e; we`ÿ‡Zi mieivn evo‡j Zuv‡ì H
AÂ‡j kÖgwfwËK wkí n‡e Ges †eKvi †jvKR‡bi Kg©ms¯’vb n‡e| Avi D‡`¨v³v‡ì Drmvn
w`‡j bxjdvgvix Bwc‡RW Gi g‡Zv wkívqbI n‡Z cv‡i| A_©vr we`ÿr Drcv`b I mieiv‡ni †h
AvKv•Lv Zvi mv‡_ Rwo‡q Av‡Q ¯’vbxq Dbœqb I eëmv-evwYR¨| Gevi Zuv‡K Gwkqv GbvwR©i
cÖwZ‡e`b (AECB 2006) †_‡K wKQy Z_¨ (eQ‡i 15 wgwjqb Ub Kqjv D‡Ëvjb K‡i 12
wgwjqb Ub Kqjv we‡`‡k ißvwb Kiv n‡e| 3 wgwjqb Ub Kqjv ¯’vbxq eënv‡ii Rb¨ ivLv
n‡e| cÖPwjZ wnmve g‡Z 3 wgwjqb Ub Kqjv w`‡q 1,000 †gMvIqv‡Ui Kg we`ÿr Drcv`b Kiv
hvq| Z‡e evsjv‡`‡k BU fvUv I Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡R cÖwZ eQi cÖvq 3 wgwjqb Ub Kqjv jv‡M| †m
Pvwn`vi wKQy Ask †gUv‡j 500-600 †gMvIqvU we`y¨r Drcv`b n‡Z cv‡i) D‡jøL K‡i Zuvi
gšÍe¨ Rvb‡Z PvB‡j wZwb ej‡jb:
Avcwb †h cwimsL¨vbUv w`‡jb, GUv hw` wVK n‡q _v‡K Zvn‡j [Lwb] Kiv wVK n‡e bv|
Avgvi Rwg aŸsm Kijvg, cwi‡ek aŸsm Kijvg, cvwb aŸsm Kijvg| Gme aŸsm K‡i Avwg †h
Kqjv †cjvg Zvi 12 wgwjqb Ub evB‡i cvwV‡q w`jvg! GLb‡Zv Avgiv 250 †gMvIqvU cvw”Q
[eocyKywiqv †_‡K]| GZeo GKUv aŸsmhÁ K‡i Avwg gvÎ 500-600 †gMvIqvU cv‡ev-GUv‡Zv
wVK bv| Zvn‡j GB Pyw³ wVK †bB| Avgvi Kv‡Q g‡b n‡q‡Q Avgv‡ì †`‡ki Rb¨ wVK nqwb|
Avgv‡ì †`‡ki m¤ú` AviI †ewk cwigv‡Y Av‡iKUv Lv‡Z eënvi Ki‡Z cvwi; †mLvb †_‡K
Avgv‡ì wRwWwc†Z †MÖv_ n‡jv-Zvn‡j †mUv wVK Av‡Q| Avgiv ïay evB‡i cvVvjvg, wKQy cwigvY
U¨v· cve-Avgvi g‡b nq G¸‡jvi ms‡kvab nIqv DwPZ|
Kqjv AÂ‡ji ¯’vbxq gvby‡li Gme AwfgZ bvbv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wel‡q Avgv‡ì `…wó AvKl©Y
K‡i| wKš‘ Kqjv D‡Ëvjb msµvšÍ Av‡jvPbvq Gm‡ei RvqMv nqwb| me Av‡jvPbv ïay Kqjv
D‡Ëvj‡bi KvwiMwi w`K wb‡qB mxgve×| Db¥y³ Lwb Kiv hv‡e wK hv‡e bv ev Kqjv D‡ËvwjZ
n‡j †`‡ki R¡vjvwb mgm¨vi mgvavb wKfv‡e n‡e Zv G‡Z RvqMv cvq 2005-2017 mv‡ji
Le‡ii KvM‡R cÖKvwkZ cÖwZ‡e`bmg~n †_‡K GwU mn‡RB aiv c‡o| ZvB ¯’vbxq gvbyl‡ì Gme
AwfgZ †_‡K dyjevoxi MYcÖwZ‡iva‡K ÔDbœq‡bi ewjÕ nevi weiæ‡× ivó«h‡š¿i cÖwZ GK cÖPÐ
AvNvZ wn‡m‡eB wPwýZ Kiv hvq| Av‡›`vj‡bi Kg©x‡ì wb‡Pi †køvMvb G AvNvZ‡KB Zy‡j a‡it
ÔKqjvi Lwb †b‡e †K‡o Rwg, †`‡e wf¶vi Sywj
Avgiv gvwb bv wg_¨v Avk¦vm Dbœq‡bi eywjÕ
Rwg-emZwfUv-mgvR/ms¯‥…wZ †Kw›`ªK ¯’vbxq gvby‡li G bvbvwea †eva †_‡KB Kqjv Lwb
we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi fvlv I `vex ‣Zwi n‡q‡Q, hvi Dci wbf©i K‡iB 2005-2006 mv‡j
dyjevoxmn Av‡kcv‡ki AÂ‡j Lwbwe‡ivax cÖPviYv msMwVZ n‡q‡Q| G Av‡›`vj‡bi bvbv `vexi
cÖwZ evsjv‡`‡ki miKvi wKsev Gwkqv GbvwR© †Kv‡bv mvov †`qwb| GL‡bv Gwkqv GbvwR© g‡b
K‡i bv †h Kqjv AÂ‡j Zvi cÖK‡íi †Kv‡bv Rbmg_©b †bB|16 †Kv¤úvwbi `…wó‡Z Lwbwe‡ivax
16
2012 mv‡j GK Rwic K‡i Gwkqv GbvwR© Rvb‡Z cv‡i †h, Lwb AÂ‡ji †ewki fvM gvbyl Zv‡ì cÖKí‡K
mg_©b K‡i; Zuviv Aaxi AvMÖ‡n A‡c¶v Ki‡Q K‡e Lwb Dbœq‡bi KvR ïiæ n‡e| hy³ivR¨ miKv‡ii GK Z`šÍ Kv‡j
Gwkqv GbvwR© G Z_¨ cÖKvk K‡i‡Q Ges Z`šÍ `j‡K GB cÖwZ‡e`b †Mvcb ivLvi civgk© w`‡q‡Q| G cÖwZ‡e`b
msMÖn Ki‡Z XvKvq Gwkqv GbvwR©i Awd‡m †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡j †Kv¤úvwbi wgwWqv Dc‡`óv Rvbvb †h, GiKg †Kv‡bv
wi‡cvU© ‣Zwi n‡q‡Q e‡j Zvui Rvbv †bB| Avi wi‡cvU© _vK‡jI Zv †Mvcbxq `wjj| Rbmg_©b cwigv‡ci GB
c«wZ‡e`b ¯^”QZvi LvwZ‡iB cÖKvwkZ nIqv ìKvi| 2012 mv‡j gvV M‡elYvi mgq wKQy `wjjcÎ (‡hgb Rwi‡c
eëüZ c~iYK…Z I Ac~iYK…Z cÖkœgvjv; cÖkœgvjvq M‡elYvi D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv e³e¨ bv _vKv; Lwb GjvKvi
Av‡›`vjb ÔewnivMZÕ wKQy gvby‡li GKUv DrcvZ| wKš‘ ev¯ÍeZv †h wfbœ Zv Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbv
†_‡K mn‡RB Abygvb Kiv hvq| Lwbi weiæ‡× Rbmg_©‡bi AviI GKwU gvcKvwVi K_v D‡jøL
Kivi g‡Zv| dyjevox Dc‡Rjv †Pqvig¨vb I dyjevox †c․i †gqi (`yBevi) wbe©vP‡b Lwbwe‡ivax
msMVKivB Rqjvf K‡i‡Qb| Lwbwe‡ivax GB RbgZ wb‡q evsjv‡`‡ki GKRb R¡vjvwb we‡klÁ
e‡jb:
Gwkqv GbvwR© bvbv Kvi‡Y Lwb GjvKvq gvby‡li Av¯’v AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| Awek¦v‡mi gvÎv
GZ †ewk †h GLb Lwb †Kv¤úvwb cÖ‡Z¨K cwievi‡K GKUv ¯^‡Y©i UyKiv w`‡qI Kv‡Q wfov‡Z
cvi‡e bv| Lwbi KvwiMwi w`K wb‡q GLb Avi Avjvc K‡i jvf †bB| KvwiMwi w`K †_‡K Lwb
Kiv m¤¢e n‡jI mvgvwRK/ivR‣bwZK Kvi‡Y Gwkqv GbvwR© Avi AvMv‡Z cvi‡e bv; GwU Zuviv
fvjfv‡e ey‡S DV‡Z cv‡iwb|
Av‡MB D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q, ¯’vbxq gvby‡li cÖwZev` Avg‡j bv †bqvq17 2006 mv‡ji 26
AvM÷ Lwb †Kv¤úvwbi Awdm †NivI Kg©m~wP‡K †K›`ª K‡i m…ó mwnsm NUbvq cÖvYnvwbi Kvi‡Y
ZrKvjxb miKvi Av‡›`vjbKvix‡ì mv‡_ GK mg‡SvZv Pyw³ K‡i hv‡Z dyjevoxmn evsjv‡`‡ki
†h‡Kv‡bv RvqMvq Db¥y³ c×wZ‡Z Kqjv D‡Ëvjb wbwl× Kiv n‡e e‡j A½xKvi Kiv nq|
ZrKvjxb we‡ivax`jxq †bZv dyjevox‡Z GK mgv‡e‡k H Pyw³ ev¯Íevq‡b miKvi‡K ZvwM` †`b
Ges g‡b Kwi‡q †`b †h H Pyw³ bv ev¯Íevq‡bi ÔcwiYvg n‡e fqvenÕ (cÖ_g Av‡jv, 5 †m‡Þ¤î
2006, †k‡li cvZv)|
BwZg‡a¨ R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvjq MwVZ we‡klÁ KwgwU (Gwkqv GbvwR©i m¤¢ve¨Zv mgx¶v I Lwb
Dbœqb cwiKíbv hvPvB‡qi Rb¨) Zuv‡ì cÖwZ‡e`b Rgv †`b hv‡Z †ek wKQy AvBwb I KvwiMwi
µwU D‡jøL K‡i Zv evwZ‡ji mycvwik K‡ib (wbD GR, 25 †m‡Þ¤î 2006)| ZrKvjxb
cÖavbgš¿x (whwb Avevi R¡vjvwb gš¿x) GB cÖwZ‡e`b I dyjevox‡Z Av‡›`vjbKvix‡ì mv‡_
¯^v¶wiZ Pyw³i Av‡jv‡K Gwkqv GbvwR©i mv‡_ m¤úvw`Z Pyw³ evwZ‡ji c`‡¶c †bevi Rb¨
R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvj‡q wb‡`©k †`b (wbD GR, 30 †m‡Þ¤î 2006)| R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvj‡qi Aby‡iv‡a
AvBb gš¿Yvjq Av‡›`vjbKvix‡ì mv‡_ miKv‡ii ¯^v¶wiZ Pyw³i AvBwb †Kv‡bv wfwË †bB e‡j
AwfgZ w`‡j (cÖ_g Av‡jv, 1 †m‡Þ¤î 2007) Av‡›`vjbKvix‡ì g‡a¨ Zxeª cÖwZwµqv †`Lv
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miKvi †h‡nZy H Pyw³i Askwe‡kl cvjb K‡i‡Q ZvB evsjv‡`‡ki Pyw³ AvBb Abyhvqx H Pyw³
AvBbMZ ‣eaZv †c‡q‡Q (cÖ_g Av‡jv, 11 †m‡Þ¤î 2007)| Gici †ek K‡qK eQi G wb‡q
†Zgb †Kv‡bv D‡`¨vM †bqwb miKvi| m¤¢eZ G RwUjZvi Kvi‡Y eZ©gvb cÖavvbgš¿x R¡vjvwb
gš¿Yvj‡qi GK mfvq e‡jb †h, GLb wKsev fwel¨‡Z dyjevox Kqjv Lwb ivR‣bwZK we‡ePbvq
GKwU MÖv‡gi gvby‡li Kv‡Q KqjvLwb m¤úwK©Z wel‡qi cwie‡Z© Ô‡fvUvi AvBwW Kv‡Wi RwicÕ e‡j Lvbvi M…wnYx‡ì
mv‡_ mv¶vZKvi wel‡q eY©bv) cvIqv hvq hv Gwkqv GbvwR©i mvgvwRK M‡elYvi c×wZ I M‡elYvi ‣bwZKZv
m¤úwK©Z welq‡K cÖkœwe× K‡i|
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Ôdyjevox i¶v KwgwUÕ cÖavbgš¿x eivei GKwU ¯§viK wjwc `kevi †cÖiY Ki‡jI †Kv‡bv Reve ev miKvwi †Kv‡bv
D‡`¨vM †bqv nqwb|
ev¯Íevqb Kiv m¤¢e n‡e bv (†WBwj ÷vi, GwcÖj 11, 2010)| 2012 mv‡ji b‡f¤^‡i Gwkqv
GbvwR©i Kg©KZ©vMY 2006 mv‡ji Pyw³ jsNb K‡i miKvwi ZrciZvq18 dyjevox‡Z cÖPviYv
Pvjv‡Z †M‡j ¯’vbxq MYcÖwZ‡iva Avevi gv_vPvov w`‡q D‡V| †m mgq cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨
R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvj‡qi Dc‡`óv e‡j‡Qb, ÒGwkqv GbvwR© ïaygvÎ mv‡f© Kivi Rb¨ AbymÜvb jvB‡mÝ
†c‡q‡Q; Lwb Dbœq‡bi †Kv‡bv jvB‡mÝ Zv‡ì †`qv nqwb| Zuvi g‡Z, we‡`kx eûRvwZK
†Kv¤úvwb Øviv †`‡ki RvZxq ¯^v_© i¶v n‡e bv| †h‡nZy G cÖK‡í wekvj msL¨K gvbyl D‡”Q`
n‡e, ZvB G wb‡q miKvi h_vh_fv‡e ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i †`L‡eÓ (dvBbvwÝqvj G·‡cÖm, 30
b‡f¤î, 2012)| GiB avivevwnKZvq R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvjq 2015 mv‡ji ïiæi w`‡K Avevi Gwkqv
GbvwR©i mv‡_ m¤úvw`Z Pyw³ evwZj Kivi D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i (cÖ_g Av‡jv,22 Rvbyqvwi 2015)|
hwÌ H Pyw³ GL‡bv evwZj nqwb, 2010-2016 mgqKv‡j ax‡i ax‡i dyjevox KqjvLwb
wb‡q miKv‡ii †bwZevPK Ae¯’vb my¯úófv‡eB cÖZxqgvb n‡”Q|19 miKvwi e³e¨ †_‡K dyjevox
KqjvLwb cÖK‡íi g…Zy¨ mn‡RB Abygvb Kiv †M‡jI Gwkqv GbvwR©i c¨v‡i›U †Kv¤úvwb (wRwmGg
wi‡mv‡m©m wcGjwm) dyjevox KqjvLwb †`wL‡qB jÛb ÷K GK‡P‡Äi Rywbqi gv‡K©‡U †kqvi
eëmv K‡i hv‡”Q Ges Aaxi AvMÖ‡n A‡c¶v Ki‡Q GB Avkvq †h R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvjq kxNªB Zvi
Lwb cÖKí Aby‡gv`b Ki‡e (GCM, 2016, 2017)|
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¯îvó« gš¿Yvjq †_‡K A‡±vei 2012 ¯’vbxq cÖkvmb‡K Lwb †Kv¤úvwb‡K mn‡hvwMZv Kivi Rb¨ wb‡`©k †`qv
n‡q‡Q| gvV M‡elYvi mgq `ywU wPwVi Kwc msMÖn Kiv nq|
19
GmgqKv‡j MYgva¨‡g cÖKvwkZ cÖavbgš¿x I R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvj‡qi EaŸ©Zb Kg©KZ©v‡ì e³e¨‡K cÖgvY wnmv‡e Zy‡j
aiv hvq: (1) cÖavbgš¿x e‡jb, 'evsjv‡`‡k h‡_ó Kqjv i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki NbemwZ, mvwe©K cwi‡ek, Kqjv
D‡Ëvj‡bi ci f~wg fivU I gvby‡li ¶q¶wZ BZ¨vw` welq we‡ePbvq †i‡LB Avgv‡ì wm×všÍ wb‡Z n‡e|' wZwb
Rvbvb, Rvg©vwb‡Z Kqjv D‡Ëvjb wbR †Pv‡L †`Lvi Rb¨ Zuvi miKvi GKwU cÖwZwbwa `j cvwV‡qwQj| Rvg©vwb‡Z
Db¥y³ c×wZ‡Z Kqjv D‡Ëvjb m¤¢e| KviY †m †`‡ki Kqjv Lwb GjvKvq Lye Kg gvbyl emevm K‡i| wKš‘
evsjv‡`‡ki wPÎ m¤ú~Y© wfbœ| wZwb e‡jb, 'Avgv‡ì Kqjv Lwb GjvKvq cÖPyi gvbyl emevm K‡i| wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y
Zv‡ì K_v Avgv‡ì Aek¨B we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z n‡e|' (cÖ_g Av‡jv, 28 Ryb, 2010); (2) cÖavbgš¿x e‡jb,
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cÖvYnvwb n‡q‡Q|Õ wZwb e‡jb, ÔKqjv fwel¨r cÖR‡b¥i Rb¨ gRy` _vKyK| fwel¨‡Z nq‡Zv Ggb cÖhyw³ Avm‡e, hLb
Kqjv D‡Ëvjb bv K‡iB †mLvb †_‡K kw³ eënvi Kiv hv‡eÕ (cÖ_g Av‡jv, 15 Rvbyqvwi, 2012); (3) cÖavbgš¿x
we`ÿr, R¡vjvwb I LwbR m¤ú` gš¿Yvj‡q Kg©KZ©v‡ì D‡Ï‡k bxwZmswkøó GK e³‡e¨ e‡jb, †`‡ki Lwbmg~‡n gRy`
Kqjv wecyj cwim‡i eënv‡ii †¶‡Î fwel¨r (jvMmB) cÖhyw³i Rb¨ A‡c¶v Kiv n‡e| GLb AMÖvwaKvi †Ìqv n‡e
Lv`¨wbivcËv I K…wlRwg msi¶‡Yi Ici (cÖ_g Av‡jv, 7 †de«yqvwi, 2014); (4) cÖavbgš¿x ¯’vbxq Lwb †_‡K Db¥y³
c×wZ‡Z Kqjv D‡Ëvj‡bi welq m¤ú~Y©fv‡e bvKP K‡i w`‡q‡Qb Ges Avg`vwb Kiv Kqjv w`‡q we`y¨r †K›`ª ‣Zwii
wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvjq‡K (‡WBwj mvb, 10 Gwc«j, 2015); (5) R¡vjvwb cÖwZgš¿x Rvwb‡q‡Qb Db¥y³
c×wZ‡Z †`‡ki DËivÂ‡ji Kqjv Lwb †_‡K Kqjv Drcv`‡b miKvi AvMÖnx bq| wZwb e‡jb, miKvi Nb RbemwZ
I K…wl wfwËK A_©bxwZi welq ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q we‡ePbv K‡i‡Q (wbD GR, AMv÷ 24, 2015); (6) †`‡ki `ywU cÖavb
Kqjv Lwb (eocyKywiqv I dyjevox) †_‡K Db¥y³ c×wZ‡Z Kqjv D‡Ëvj‡bi wm×všÍ †_‡K miKvi m‡i G‡m‡Q e‡j
Rvwb‡q‡Qb R¡vjvwb I LwbR m¤ú` wefv‡Mi mwPe (‡WBwj mvb, 23 †m‡Þ¤î 2016)|
5| Kqjv Dbœqb fvebvq K…wl I `vwi`ª¨

evsjv‡`‡k Kqjv D‡Ëvjb m¤ú‡K© miKvwi wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î Kqjv AÂ‡ji K…wl I
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wbivcËv‡K gy‡LvgywL Kiv n‡q‡Q| D`vniY wn‡m‡e eocyKywiqv Lwbi w`‡K ZvKv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i|
Lwb Dbœq‡bi bvbv RwUjZv †cwi‡q 2005 mv‡j f~Mf©¯’ c×wZ‡Z G Lwb †_‡K Drcv`b ïiæ
nq| ïiæ †_‡KB f~wg Aebgb NU‡Z _v‡K| 2009 mv‡ji w`‡K GwU e¨vcK AvKvi aviY K‡i|
kZ kZ GKi avwb Rwg †`‡e hvq| RxweKvi GKgvÎ Drm nvwi‡q cÖvq 13 MÖv‡gi gvbyl Amnvq
n‡q c‡o| hZB Lwbi Drcv`b evo‡e ZZB Rwg †`‡e hvevi nvi evo‡e hwÌ miKvwifv‡e Zv
KL‡bv †NvlYv Kiv nqwb| Gme Z_¨ Rvbvi ¯’vbxq gvby‡li MYZvwš¿K AwaKvi‡K ïiæ †_‡KB
AeÁv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Lwbi 30 eQ‡i 4.2 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi GjvKv 2 wgUvi ch©šÍ Zwj‡q hv‡e e‡j
R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvj‡qi GK myÎ msev` gva¨g‡K Rvwb‡q‡Q (†WBwj ÷vi, 18 Rvbyqvwi 2009)|
eocyKywiqv KqjvLwb ‣Zwii mgq f~wg †`‡e hvevi welqwU m¤ú~Y© AMÖvn¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Lwbi
bKkvq GwU AšÍf©y³ Kiv nqwb| G‡Z Lwbi e¨q K‡g‡Q wKš‘ Gi gvïj w`‡”Q fy³‡fvMx RbMY|
Lwb GjvKvq Gi cÖfv‡e wK ai‡bi Av_©mvgvwRK cwiw¯’wZ ‣Zwi n‡q‡Q Zv wb‡q G ch©šÍ R¡vjvwb
gš¿Yvjq †Kv‡bv M‡elYv K‡iwb| eZ©gv‡bi f~Mf©¯’ c×wZi Lwb DËi I `w¶Y w`‡K m¤cÖmviY
Kiv n‡e e‡j R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvjq wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q; wKš‘ Gi d‡j H AÂ‡j K…wl f~wg, K…lK-
†LZgRy‡ii Rxeb-RxweKv, Lv`¨ cwiw¯’wZ I `vwi‡`ªï Dci †Kgb cÖfve ‣Zwi n‡e Zv Avg‡j
†bqvi K_v †kvbv hvq bv|
bxwZ cÖ‡YZv‡ì A‡b‡KB (we‡kl K‡i cwiKíbv Kwgkb) KqjvLwb Dbœqb‡K Ôwµ‡qwUf
†W÷«vKkbÕ Gi Kg©m~wP g‡b K‡ib|20 wKš‘ ev¯Íe wPÎ Zv mg_©b K‡i bv Ges miKvwi cÖwZ‡e`b
†_‡K Ô‡W÷«vKkbÕGi bvbv weeiY cvIqv hvq| †hgb, 2015 mv‡j R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvjq Gwkqv
GbvwR© †Kv¤úvwbi 2005 mv‡ji A‡±vei gv‡m Rgv †`qv dyjevox Lwbi m¤¢ve¨Zv mgx¶vq Av¯’v
ivL‡Z bv †c‡i evsjv‡`k f~ZvwË¡K Rixc Awa`ßi‡K G wb‡q mgx¶v Kivi Rb¨ `vwqZ¡ ‡`q|
Gwkqv GbvwR© †Kv¤úvwbi g‡Z Db¥y³ c×wZ‡Z dyjevox †_‡K Kqjv D‡Ëvj‡bi d‡j evsjv‡`k
A‡bK fv‡eB jvfevb n‡e| †Kv‡bv wewb‡qvM Qvov A_©vr k~b¨ SyuwK‡Z evsjv‡`k G cÖK‡í †_‡K
jvfevb n‡e| A_P f~ZvwË¡K Rwic Awa`ßi (R¡vjvwb I LwbR m¤ú` wefvM, 2016, c… 110)
e‡j wfbœ K_v:
[Lwb] GjvKvwU AZ¨šÍ De©i Ges 3 ev Z‡ZvwaK dm‡ji mgš^‡q MwVZ weavq Drcvw`Z
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20
ÒDb¥y³ c×wZ‡Z Kqjv D‡Ëvj‡bi c‡¶ gZ w`‡q‡Q miKv‡ii A_©‣bwZK w_sK U¨vsK wnmv‡e cwiwPZ cwiKíbv
Kwgkb| ms¯’vwUi g‡Z, †`‡ki cÖe…w× PvB‡j Ges jvfRbK n‡j Db¥y³ c×wZ‡ZB †h‡Z n‡e| ... cÖe…w× PvB‡j
m…wókxj aŸsm †g‡b wb‡ZB n‡e ... m¤cÖwZ mvaviY A_©bxwZ wefv‡Mi GK cÖwZ‡e`‡b Gme welq D‡jøL K‡i
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cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi GK Kg©KZ©v †jLK‡K 2015 mv‡j Rvbvb †h, G ai‡bi †Kv‡bv cÖwZ‡e`b ‣Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q
wKbv Zv wZwb mswkøó kvLv †_‡K Rvb‡Z cv‡ibwb|
gvby‡li †ckv nviv‡bvi wewbg‡q LwbR m¤ú` AvniY Kiv D³ GjvKv Z_v RvZxq ch©v‡qi Av_©
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R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvjq wb‡qvMK…Z AvšÍRv© wZK KÝvj‡U›U 2016 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤^‡i `vwLj Kiv
cÖwZ‡e`‡b e‡j‡Q †h, cwi‡ek, K…wl, gvby‡li RxweKvmn bvbv Kvi‡Y eocyKywiqv GgbwK
dyjevox‡Z Db¥y³ Lwb Kiv DwPZ n‡e bv (†WBwj mvb, 23 †m‡Þ¤î 2016)|
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Zvrch©c~Y© welq e‡j Avg‡jB †bb bv A‡bK we‡klÁ| K…wl, Lv`¨ Drcv`b, K…wlwbf©i gvby‡li
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eocyKywiqvi AwfÁZv Avgv‡ì Gme wel‡q Avk¦¯Í Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|21 †Kv‡bv GjvKvi Rwg †`‡e
hvevi ci miKvi GWnK wfwË‡Z wKQy c`‡¶c †bq, hv †Kv‡bv †UKmB mgvavb bq| GK mg‡qi
avwb Rwg GLb GK wgUvi cvwbi wb‡P| R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvj‡qi G Ae‡njvi gva¨‡g m„ó Lwb †_‡K
Kqjv Drcv`‡bi gvïj †K w`‡”Q? GKgvÎ RxweKvi Drm avwb Rwg nvwi‡q I Nievoxi dvU‡j
¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡q A‡bK gvbyl w`‡knviv|22
G †cÖw¶‡Z ÔLvbv wfwËK Avq-e¨q-`vwi`ª¨Õ welqK 2016 mv‡ji RvZxq Rwi‡ci djvd‡ji
w`‡K `„wó wbe× Kiv hvq| G Rwi‡c `vwi`ª¨ wbimb wb‡q †hgb Avkve¨ÄK Z_¨ Av‡Q, †Zgwb
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22
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23
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weGBPwci mv‡_ m¤úvw`Z Pyw³ we`¨gvb Lwb wewagvjv Abyhvqx Zvgvw` n‡q hvIqvq Gwkqv
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msµvšÍ gvwjKvbv †c‡q‡Q|24
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GgbwU Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q| 2006 mv‡j R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvjq MwVZ we‡klÁ KwgwU Gwkqv GbvwR©i
Lwb Dbœqb cÖ¯vÍ ebv ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i e‡j †h, GwU AvBwb, A_©‣bwZK, KvwiMwi I cwi‡ekMZ
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24
G wel‡q †`Lyb The Financial Times. (2004): “Asia Energy wins coal licence”, 19 April,
p.23|
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†hgb 2012 mv‡j fviZ Kqjvi iq¨vjwU evwo‡q‡Q, †`Lyb The Hindu (2012): ÒCabinet approves
new royalty rates for coal, ligniteÓ, 12 April.
27
দদখুন Daily Star (2006): “Coal policy may get cabinet nod tomorrow: export to yield
higher royalty”, 9 July (প্রথম পাতা)|
28
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K‡i G welqwU Zvuiv wb®úwË K‡i‡Qb; ZvB e¨vsK M¨vivw›U Rgv †`qv nqwb| 29
Z…ZxqZ, evsjv‡`‡ki Lwb-m¤úwK©Z AvBb, we‡kl K‡i Lwb I LwbR wewagvjv 2012
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(2012) †Z m¤¢ve¨Zv mgx¶v Kivi Rb¨ gvBwbs wjR †`qvi †Kv‡bv weavb †bB| LwbR Dbœqb
ey¨‡iv †Kvb we‡ePbvq I Kvi ¯^v‡_© 2004 mv‡ji 11 gvP© ÔgvBwbs wjRÕ (Zv †h D‡Ï‡k¨B †nvK
bv †Kb) D‡jøL K‡i wPwV w`‡q‡Q Zv GKUv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖkœ| Gwkqv GbvwR© G wPwVi wfbœ AvBwb
29
†`Lyb New Age (2007): “Phulbari contract covers mining lease, claims Asia Energy”, 1
December.
30
2012 mv‡j R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvjq m¤úwK©Z msm`xq KwgwU G‡K †eAvBwb e‡j wPwýZ K‡i Gwkqv GbvwR©i weiæ‡×
eë¯’v wb‡Z R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvjq‡K mycvwik K‡ib (†WBwj mvb, 21 Rvbyqvwi 2013)|
31
এই চিঠি দুট া পাওয়া যাটে AECB, (2006) এর পচরচিটে। ১৩ মাটি রে চিঠিটত উটেখ আটে “…in the interest
of preparing feasibility report & submitting the report to the Government, the
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh has granted mining lease for the
applied area “B” (1921 hectares)…”
e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Q, hv evsjv‡`‡ki Lwb wewam¤§Z bq| Ab¨w`‡K Gwkqv GbvwR© 2000 mv‡ji
b‡f¤^‡i †Kvb AvBwb m~‡Î gvBwbs wj‡Ri Rb¨ Av‡e`b K‡i‡Q ZvI cwi®‥vi bq| †m mgq Gwkqv
GbvwR© wm×všÍ †bq †h, gvBwbs wjR †`qv bv n‡j Zviv e¨qeûj m¤¢ve¨Zv mgx¶v Ki‡e bv| A_P
evsjv‡`‡ki Lwbwewa G ai‡bi wm×všÍ Aby‡gv`b K‡i bv|
Dc‡i ewY©Z wZbwU welq †_‡K †evSv hvq miKv‡ii D”P ch©v‡qi ivR‣bwZK †bZ…‡Z¡
PvB‡jB evsjv‡`‡ki cÖPwjZ AvBb Kvby‡bi cÖ‡qvM Dwë‡q †`qv hvq| G welqwUB 2017 mv‡ji
‣ewk¦K Ôwi‡mvm© Mf‡b©Ý Bb‡W·Õ cÖwZ‡e`‡b D‡jøL K‡i ejv n‡q‡Q †h evsjv‡`kmn Dbœqbkxj
A‡bK †`k cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` †_‡K jvfevb n‡Z cv‡i bv G m¤úwK©Z eë¯’vcbvi `vwi‡`ªï Kvi‡Y
d‡j Guiv wbR¯^ AvBbKvbyb (hwÌ Zv AcÖZyj) wb‡RivB †g‡b P‡j bv (NRGI 2017)|
we`¨vgvb AvBb D‡c¶v K‡i LwbRm¤ú` Dbœq‡bi Gme c`‡¶c ïay Kqjv D‡Ëvj‡bi weZ‡K©B
mxgve× †bB| evsjv‡`‡ki ivó«, ivRbxwZ, I cÖkvmb welqK GKv‡WwgK M‡elYvq †`Lv hvq
GKwU MYZvwš¿K ivR‣bwZK/cÖkvmwbK KvVv‡gv ‣Zwi‡Z evav wn‡m‡e cÖfvekvjx e¨w³ I †Mvôxi
Kv‡qwg ¯^v‡_©i Rvj †Kgb fqven iƒc avib K‡i‡Q| G wel‡q ivR‣bwZK A_©bxwZi KvVv‡gvi
Av‡jv‡K Kiv mv¤cÖwZK GK we‡køl‡Y D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q †h Kv‡qwg ¯^v‡_©i G Rvj evsjv‡`‡ki
ivóªhš¿‡KB Kâv (state capture) K‡i †d‡j‡Q Ges mykvmb cÖwZôvq kw³kvjx evav n‡q
`vuwo‡q‡Q (eviKvZ 2016)| GKUv MYZvwš¿K mgvR ‣Zwi‡Z evav wn‡m‡eB KvR K‡i Giƒc
†eAvBwb I `yb©xwZMÖ¯Í wm×všÍ MÖnY c×wZ; kvmb eë¯’vi Giƒc Mj‡ì Rb¨B evsjv‡`‡ki
gyw³msMÖv‡gi †NvlYvq D‡jøwLZ mvgvwRK Pyw³i c~Y©Zv MZ Pvi `k‡KI N‡Uwb (Sobhan
2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwR©i wewfbœ cÖwZ‡e`b †_‡K Rvbv hvq, evsjv‡`‡ki Mv‡g©›Um Gi ci Av‡iKwU
ißvwb c‡Yï we‡`kx evRvi ‣ZwiB Zv‡ì dyjevox KqjvLwb cÖK‡íi g~j j¶¨ (AEC,
2004c)| H †Kv¤úvwbi ïfvbya¨vqx ivR‣bwZK †bZvMY we`y¨r msKU KvUv‡bvi †¶‡Î dyjevox
Kqjv Lwbi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi K_v e‡j bvbvK_v Rbcwim‡i cÖPvi K‡i Lwbi ¯^c‡¶ hyw³ w`‡jI32
Lwb †Kv¤úvwbi `wjj-`¯Ív‡eR Ges jÛ‡b m¤¢ve¨ wewb‡qvMKvix‡ì Rb¨ ‣Zwi Kiv cÖwZ‡e`‡b
wfbœ wPÎ †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| GgbwK 2005 mv‡j †Kv¤úvwbi ‣Zwi Kiv WKy‡g›Uvwi‡ZI
(Ôdyjevox- `¨ †Kvj K¨vwcUvj Ae evsjv‡`kÕ) GwU AZ¨šÍ cwi®‥vifv‡e nvwRi Kiv n‡q‡Q;
†Kv¤úvwb G wel‡q †Kv‡bv ivLXvK K‡iwb; †Kbbv Gi wfwË‡ZB Zviv cy‡iv Lwb cÖKí `vuo
Kwi‡q‡Q| d‡j 2006 mv‡ji w`‡K RvZxq Kqjv bxwZi GK Lmov ms¯‥i‡Y hLb cy‡iv Kqjv
ißvwbi cwie‡Z© AvswkK ißvwb Kivi weavb cÖ¯vÍ e Kiv nq Ges Kqjvi iq¨vjwUi nvi (we`¨gvb
AvBb Abyhvqx) wd·W bv a‡i ¯’vbxq evRv‡i wewµ Kiv Kqjvi Rb¨ GK iKg nvi I we‡`‡k
32
D`vniY¯îƒc D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i wewewm evsjv KZ©…K Av‡qvwRZ Ôevsjv‡`k msjvcÕ (w`bvRcyi, 8 wW‡m¤î
2012) G f~wg cÖwZgš¿x I Lwb AÂ‡ji msm` m`m¨ Rvwb‡q‡Qb †h dyjevox KqjvLwb †_‡K Db¥y³ c×wZ‡Z
Drcvw`Z Kqjv w`‡qB 5,000 †gMvIqvU we`y¨r 50 eQi a‡i wbiew”Qbœfv‡e cvIqv hv‡e (G Z_¨ GgbwK Gwkqv
GbvwR©i `wj‡jI cvIqv hvq bv)| wZwb AviI e‡jb, G Lwb Ki‡Z gvÎ 5-6 eM©wK‡jvwgUvi RvqMv jvM‡e hwÌ
Gwkqv GbvwR©i cÖwZ‡e`b Abyhvqx 78 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi n‡”Q g~j gvBwbs GjvKv Avi GUv mn c‡iv¶ gvBwbs GjvKv
n‡”Q me©‡gvU 314 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi|
ißvwb Kiv Kqjvi Rb¨ Av‡iK iKg nvi wb‡q GKUv dg©yjv cÖ¯vÍ e Kiv nj ZLb Gwkqv GbvwR©
†ek ¶yä nq; GUv‡K Zviv we‡`kx wewb‡qvM DrmvwnZ Kivi †¶‡Î cÖwZeÜKZv wn‡m‡e wPwýZ
K‡i (†WBwj ÷vi, 9 RyjvB 2006) | iq¨vjwU nv‡ii mv‡_ †Kv¤úvwbi jv‡fi A‡¼i cwigvY
IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e Rwo‡q Av‡Q| 2004 mv‡j m¤¢ve¨ wewb‡qvMKvix‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ †Kv¤úvwb e‡j‡Q †h,
Lwbi †gqv`Kvjxb (35-38 eQi) Kqjvi iq¨vjwU wd·W _vK‡e; Kqjv ißvwbi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv Ki
w`‡Z n‡e bv Gme evsjv‡`‡ki miKv‡ii mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvq m¤úvw`Z wewb‡qvM Pyw³‡Z Lwb
†Kv¤úvwb wbwðZ K‡i (AEC 2004)| d‡j Kqjv bxwZi gva¨‡g Zv cv‡ë †M‡j †Kv¤úvwbi
jv‡fi A¼ wb‡q me wnmve-wbKvk cv‡ë hv‡e| †`Lv †M‡Q 2005 †_‡K 2017 mgqKv‡j
RvZxq KqjvbxwZ ‣Zwi nqwb; mßg cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvqI (2016-2020) Av‡Mi g‡Zv
KqjvbxwZ ‣Zwi m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv mgqmxgv wb‡`©k Kiv †bB †hgbwU lô cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvq
(2011-2015) wQj|
Gwkqv GbvwR©i Db¥y³ Lwbi cÖ¯vÍ ‡e evsjv‡`‡ki bxwZwba©viKMY †h Lye AvK…ó n‡q‡Q Zv
†ek ¯úó| evsjv‡`‡ki lô cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvq Db¥y³ Lwbi mg_©‡b RbgZ ‣Zwii Rb¨ my¯úó
miKvwi w`Kwb‡`©kbv D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q (Planning Commission 2011)| Zvi Av‡M
2010 mv‡ji b‡f¤î gv‡m R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU Db¥y³ Lwbi c‡¶ RbgZ
‣Zwii Rb¨ miKvi‡K mycvwik K‡i (wewW wbDR 24, †g 17, 2011)| 2012-2013 mv‡ji
ev‡RU e³…Zvq Kqjv AÂ‡ji gvbyl‡ì Db¥y³ Lwbi jvf m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv e…w×i Rb¨ cÖPviYv
Pvjv‡bvi Ges Lwb Dbœqb cwiKíbvq Zvu‡ì AskMÖn‡bi welq wbwðZ Ki‡Yi K_v D‡jøL Kiv
nq (wewW wbDR 24, Ryb 8, 2012)| 2011 mv‡j R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvjq welqK msm`xq KwgwU
Rvg©vwbi Db¥y³ KqjvLwb mdi †k‡l AwZ ZvovZvwo Gwkqv GbvwR©‡K Db¥y³ Lwb Kivi
Aby‡gv`b †èvi Rb¨ miKvi‡K mycvwik K‡i| Aek¨ Rvg©vwb I evsjv‡`‡ki Kqjv Lwb Zyjbxq
bq g‡g© 2010 mv‡j cÖavbgš¿x, 2012 mv‡j R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvj‡qi we‡klÁ KwgwU Ges 2015
mv‡j R¡vjvwb cÖwZgš¿x gšÍe¨ K‡ib| 2013 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki eëmvqx mgv‡Ri kxl© msMVb,
GdwewmwmAvB Gi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvKv‡j A_©gš¿x †ewk cwigvY Kqjv Avni‡Yi Rb¨ Db¥y³ Lwbi
c‡¶ gZ †`b (wewW wbDR24, 6 gvP©, 2013)| Db¥y³ Lwbi mg_©‡b e¨³ Kiv Dc‡iv³ me
e³e¨‡K Amvi cÖgvY K‡i 2015-2016 mv‡j evsjv‡`k f~ZvwË¡K Rwic Awa`ß‡ii mgx¶v
†_‡K †`Lv hvq, DËivÂ‡ji K…wlcÖavb GjvKvq Db¥y³ KqjvLwb A‡bK ¶wZ ‣Zwi Ki‡e|
f~ZvwË¡K Rwic Awa`ß‡ii mgx¶vq cÖvß wel‡qB 2005 mv‡ji ïiæ‡Z Lwbwe‡ivax
Av‡›`vjbKvixMY cÖ_g Av‡jvKcvZ K‡ib (RvZxq KwgwU 2005)|
evsjv‡`k 2021 mv‡j ga¨g Av‡qi †`‡k cwiYZ n‡Z Pvq| †m j‡¶¨ miKvi 2009 mvj
†_‡K Ôwfkb 2021Õ ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ bvbv cwiKíbv ïiæ K‡i (Planning Commission,
2012)| evsjv‡`‡ki Dbœq‡bi G cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq‡b A‡bK cÖwZeÜKZvi g‡a¨ GKwU n‡jv
AeKvVv‡gvMZ mgm¨v: D”P nv‡ii Pvwn`vi wecix‡Z we`y¨r Drcv`b evov‡bv Ges GKv‡R
cÖv_wgK R¡vjvwbi mieivn wbwðZ Kiv| M¨vm mieiv‡ni msKU Abygvb K‡i 2010 mv‡j R¡vjvwb
gš¿Yvjq 2030 mvj bvMv` 19 nvRvi ‡gMvIqvU we`y¨‡Zi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖv_wgK R¡vjvwb
¯’vbxq Kqjv †_‡K Avm‡e Abygvb K‡i we`y¨r Drcv`b gnvcwiKíbv ‣Zwi K‡i (MPEMR
2011)| R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvjq m¤¢eZ †f‡ewQj †h, dyjevox‡Z wkMwMiB Kqjv D‡Ëvjb ïiæ n‡e
Avi eocyKywiqv †_‡KI Db¥y³ c×wZi Lwb K‡i Kqjvi Drcv`b evov‡bv n‡e| A_P 2005
mv‡ji ïiæ †_‡K Lwb AÂ‡j Db¥y³ Lwbwe‡ivax Av‡›`vjb Pj‡Q| Pvi eQ‡ii gv_vq R¡vjvwb
gš¿Yvjq †Ui †cj 20 eQi †gqvw` gnvcwiKíbvq Mj` Av‡Q| ZvB Zv evwZj K‡i Avg`vwbK…Z
Kqjv eënvi K‡i gnvcwiKíbv cybivq ‣Zwii D‡`¨vM †bqv nq hv 2016 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤^‡i
P~ovšÍ Kivi nq (MPEMR 2016)| miKv‡ii we`y¨r Drcv`b gnvcwiKíbvq DØy× n‡q Gwkqv
GbvwR© dyjevox Lwbi mc‡¶ hyw³ †`q †h, G †_‡K Drcvw`Z Kqjv w`‡q Pvi nvRvi †gMvIqvU
we`y¨r cvIqv hv‡e 30-35 eQi ch©šÍ (GCM 2013, 2016, 2017)| Gwkqv GbvwR© 2000
mvj †_‡KB we`y¨r msK‡Ui Kvi‡Y †`‡ki A_©bxwZi †envj `kv KvwU‡q IVvi †¶‡Î dyjevox
Lwbi Ae`vb‡K GKxf~Z K‡i †`bìevi K‡i mdj n‡q‡Q| cwiKíbv gš¿Yvj‡qi R¡vjvwb LvZ-
msµvšÍ GKvwaK cÖwZ‡e`‡b Gi cÖgvY cvIqv hvq (Planning Commission 2011)|
Gwkqv GbvwR©i 2015-2017 mv‡ji evwl©K cÖwZ‡e`b¸‡jv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q †h, evsjv‡`k
miKv‡ii M…nxZ bZyb we`y¨r Drcv`b gnvcwiKíbvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Zviv Avkvev`x †h wkMwMiB
miKvi G cÖKí Aby‡gv`b Ki‡e| 2016 mv‡ji H gnvcwiKíbvq Avg`vwb Kiv Kqjv w`‡q
wekvj AvKv‡ii K‡qKwU we`y¨r †K›`« Pvjv‡bvi wm×všÍ QvovI ¯’vbxq KqjvLwb Dbœqb we‡kl K‡i
dyjevox I eocyKywiqvq Db¥y³ c×wZi Lwb Kivi mycvwik Kiv nq (MPEMR 2016)| GKB
mv‡_ mßg cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvqI ¯’vbxq KqjvLwb Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g m¯Ív we`y¨r cvIqv hv‡e e‡j
bxwZ MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q (Planning Commission 2015)| Gwkqv GbvwR© ZvB
†kqvi‡nvìvi‡ì Avkv RvwM‡q †i‡L‡Q †h, KqjvwfwËK we`y¨r Drcv`b cwiKíbvq evsjv‡`‡ki
miKvi †h‡nZy e×cwiKi, ZvB dyjevox Lwb wb‡q †h APjve¯’v Av‡Q Zv AwP‡iB †K‡U hv‡e
(GCM 2017)|
we`y¨r msKU †gvKv‡ejvq cÖv_wgK R¡vjvwbi mieivn wbwð‡Z dyjevox Lwb wekvj Ae`vb
ivL‡e e‡j Gwkqv GbvwR© I miKv‡ii bxwZwba©viKiv †h e³e¨ cÖPvi K‡i‡Qb Zv Gwkqv
GbvwR©Õi `wjjcÎ mg_©b K‡i bv| Avi R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvjq †h‡nZy Avjv`v K‡i G Lwb wb‡q
†Kv‡bv ch©v‡jvPbv cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvk K‡iwb ZvB miKvwi Ae¯’vb †avuqvkvB i‡q †Mj| Gwkqv
GbvwR©i mv‡_ m¤úvw`Z wewb‡qvM Pyw³i ÔAZ¨šÍ D`viÕ k‡Z©i Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`k G †_‡K Lye
jvfevb n‡e Zv ejv hvq bv| D‡jøL¨ †h, Lwb †Kv¤úvwb mg~‡ni mv‡_ Mwie †`k¸‡jv‡Z LwbR
m¤ú` Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ ¯^v¶wiZ wewb‡qvM Pyw³ A‡bK †¶‡ÎB Hme †`‡ki wbR¯^ AvBbKvbyb bv
†g‡bB Kiv nq Ges †Kv‡bv we‡iv‡ai †¶‡Î †`‡ki AvBb bq eis wewb‡qvM Pyw³B Avg‡j wb‡Z
nq (Avwd«Kvi †cÖw¶‡Z G wb‡q wek` M‡elYvi Rb¨ †`Lyb Burgis 2015)|33 Gwkqv GbvwR©i
mv‡_ ¯^v¶wiZ Pyw³ †Mvcb `wjj nIqvi Kvi‡Y cvIqv bv †M‡jI Lwb †Kv¤úvwbi 2004 mv‡ji
GKwU cÖwZ‡e`‡b Pyw³-m¤úwK©Z wKQy Z_¨ cvIqv hvq hv ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i ejv hvq †h, dyjevox
33
evsjv‡`‡kI Gi bgybv wnmv‡e 1997 mv‡j gv¸iQov M¨vm‡¶‡Î AwMœKv‡Ði K_v D‡jøL Kiv hvq; AwMœKv‡Ði d‡j
m…ó ¶wZ c~i‡Yi j‡¶¨ Aw·‡W›Uv‡ji KvQ †_‡K A_© Av`v‡qi †Kv‡bv weavb wcGmwm‡Z wQj bv| d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki
AvB‡b ¶wZc~iY Av`v‡qi weavb _vK‡jI Aw·‡W›Uv‡ji KvQ †_‡K miKvi †Kv‡bv A_© Av`vq Ki‡Z cv‡iwb;
Aw·‡W›UvjI Zvi `vq ¯^xKvi K‡iwb|
Lwbi Kqjv wb‡q R¡vjvwb gš¿Yvjq I Gwkqv GbvwR© Ah_v G‡K ÔDbœqbÕ Ges Ôwe‡`kx
wewb‡qv‡Mi ÔgvBjdjKÕ wn‡m‡e cÖPvi K‡i‡Q| H cÖwZ‡e`‡b †Kv¤úvwb e‡j‡Q †h, Zv‡ì
cÖK‡íi cÖavb Ae`vb n‡e evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ GKwU bZyb ißvwb LvZ ‣Zwi Kiv| A_©vr Kqjv n‡e
evsjv‡`‡ki Av‡iKwU ißvwb cY¨ (AEC, 2004)| wKš‘ Kqjv ißvwb †_‡K †K jvfevb n‡e?
Pyw³ Abyhvqx Kqjv ißvwbi Rb¨ Gwkqv GbvwR© miKvi‡K †Kv‡bv U¨v· †`‡e bv (‡`Lyb ingvb,
2012)|
dyjevox KqjvLwb wb‡q Rbcwim‡ii Av‡jvPbvq Lwb †Kv¤úvwb I bxwZwba©viK‡ì ‣Zwi
`vcy‡U eqvb n‡”Q gvby‡li Rwg I RxweKvi ÔmvgwqKÕ ¶wZ n‡jI †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z G cÖKí I
Gi m‡½ mswkøó we‡`kx wewb‡qv‡Mi wekvj Ae`vb _vK‡e| ‡hgb, cÖv_wgK R¡vjvwb mieiv‡ni
msKU jvNe n‡e, we`y¨‡Zi NvUwZRwbZ Kvi‡Y wkí-KviLvbvq Drcv`b e¨vnZ n‡e bv| Gwkqv
GbvwR©Õi mv‡_ Ôißvwb wbf©iÕ wewb‡qvM Pyw³ envj †i‡L cÖv_wgK R¡vjvwbi msKU †gvKvwejv Kiv
hv‡e e‡j g‡b nq bv; †Kv¤úvwb PvB‡j me Kqjv ißvwb Ki‡Z cvi‡e (‡`Lyb ingvb 2012)|
we‡`kx wewb‡qvM cÖ‡kœ Gwkqv GbvwR© D‡jøL K‡i _v‡K ‡Kv¤úvwbi Ki‡cv‡iU Ki (45 kZvsk)
†_‡KI A‡bK A_© Avq n‡e (wRwmGg 2010)| wKš‘ eûRvwZK Ki‡cv‡ikb wel‡q hviv
IqvwKenvj Zviv Rv‡bb Kx K‡i eûRvwZK †Kv¤úvwbi PZyi wnmve-wbKvk Zv‡ì jv‡fi A¼‡K
Ggbfv‡e ‣Zwi K‡i †h Ô‡nv÷ Kvw›U«Õ A‡bK mgq jv‡fi Ici A_©en †Kv‡bv Ki Av`vq Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv| ZvB Ki‡cv‡iU Ki †_‡K wekvj jv‡fi G Abygvb LyeB mijxK…Z (ingvb 2012)|
mv¤cÖwZK GKUv D`vniY GLv‡b D‡jøL Ki‡j GwU eyS‡Z myweav n‡e | 2012 mv‡j
hy³ivR¨ miKvi AevK n‡q †`Lj †h ¸Mj, A¨vgvRb I ÷viev‡·i g‡Zv RMwØL¨vZ eûRvwZK
†Kv¤úvwb †ek Aí cwigvY Ki‡cv‡iU Ki w`‡q‡Q; †Kbbv †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jvi wnmve Abyhvqx IB
†`‡k IB A_©eQ‡i Zv‡ì jv‡fi cwigvY A‡bK Kg wQj| Avm‡j Gme †Kv¤úvwb RwUj
GKvDw›Us wm‡÷g eënvi K‡i H †`‡k AwR©Z jv‡fi eo GKUv Ask Ab¨ †`‡k cvwV‡q w`‡q
K‡ii cwigvY Kwg‡q †d‡j‡Q| miKvwi Ki cÖkvm‡bi wKQyB Kivi †bB †Kbbv †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv
†Kv‡bv A‣ea KvR K‡iwb|34 evsjv‡`‡ki Ki cÖkvmb wbðqB hy³iv‡Rï g‡Zv kw³kvjx bq
†h eûRvwZK †Kv¤úvwbi Gme KvimvwR ai‡Z cvi‡e| GRb¨B GKRb mv‡eK cÖavb wePvicwZ
R¡vjvwb m¤ú` wel‡q Pyw³ Kivi Av‡M we‡`kx †Kv¤úvwbi PZyi AvBbRxex/A¨vKvD›U¨v‡›Ui m‡½
cvëv †`qvi g‡Zv m¶gZv evsjv‡`‡ki Av‡Q wKbv, Zv we‡ePbv Ki‡Z civgk© w`‡q‡Qb (ingvb,
2006)| GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ †h, Gwkqv GbvwR©i GK cÖwZ‡e`b g‡Z Pyw³ Abyhvqx Zviv ÔAd‡kvi
A¨vKvD›UÕ-Gi gva¨‡g Kqjv wewµi †jb‡`b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb (wRwmGg 2010)| mv¤cÖwZK mg‡q
Ôcvbvgv †ccvimÕ I Ôc¨vivWvBm †ccvimÕ †K‡j¼vwi Avgv‡ì g‡b Kwi‡q †`q eûRvwZK
†Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv ÔAd‡kvi A¨vKvD›UÕ †Kb eënvi K‡i|
m¤cÖwZ dvum nIqv †Mvcb bw_cÎ †Nu‡U Avwd«Kv AÂ‡ji MYgva¨‡g Kg©iZ B›Uvib¨vkbvj
Kb‡mvwU©qvg Ae Bb‡fw÷‡MwUf Rvb©vwj÷-Gi GK`j we‡kølK †`wL‡q‡Qb, Avwd«Kvq
34
দদখুন The Guardian (2012): “Amazon, Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK
profits,” 12 November.
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2010)| Z`ycwi we‡`kx wewb‡qvM AvKl©‡Yi Rb¨ miKvi †Kv¤úvwb‡K bq eQ‡ii Rb¨ Ki
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35
দদখুনThe Guardian (2016): “Panama Papers reveal scale of offshore firms' African
operations,” 25 July.
36
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miKvi GWnK wfwË‡Z Avg`vwbK…Z Kqjv w`‡q we`y¨r Drcv`‡bi K_v ej‡jI `xN©‡gqvw` bxwZ
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Kqjv eënv‡ii bxwZ, Zv †h hyw³‡ZB cwi‡ekb Kiv †nvK bv †Kb, Kqjv AÂ‡ji gvby‡li H
bxwZ cÖwZ‡iv‡ai MYZvwš¿K AwaKvi‡K c``wjZ K‡i mdj n‡e bv|
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cÖvwšÍKZv wWm‡Kvm©, XvKv: wè¨ cÖKvk|
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