CW Channel

LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
ECC Division – EDRC

PROJECT: DOCUMENT NO. DATE
RIHAND STPP STAGE - II (2X500MW) O2054-C-CW-03-DC-0005 R0 26-Aug-18
TITLE : DESIGNED CHECKED PAGE
CT/CW CHANNELS CBR SU
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. TECHNICAL DATA
3. ANALYSIS OF CT CHANNELS
4. DESIGN OF CT CHANNELS
5. CHECK FOR STABILITY

6. CHECK FOR CRACK WIDTH
RIHAND STPP STAGE - II (2X500MW)
O2054-C-CW-03-DC-0005 R0 26-Aug-18
CT / CW CHANNELS
CBR SU
1 INTRODUCTION :
In this document design of CT channels and CW channels
has been carried out.The layout plan of CT & CW channels is given in

page 3 of this document.Typical crosssectional details of CW & CT
channels are given in page No .4.
Pressure Release valves (flap valves) with under drainage is provided

in channels to prevent uplift.
The Base slab & side walls of channels are designed as per working
stress method with limiting crack width of 0.2mm on water face.
O2054-C-CW-03-DC-0005 R0 26-Aug-18
CT / CW CHANNELS
CBR SU
PROJECT: RIHAND STPP STAGE - II (2X500MW) DOCUMENT NO. DATE
O2054-C-CW-03-DC-0005 R0 26-Aug-18
TITLE : CT / CW CHANNELS DESIGNED CHECKED PAGE
CBR SU
2) TECHNICAL DATA :
From DBR FGL of site = RL+275.000m
Ground Water level considered = RL+275.000m (i.e.at FGL)
Submerged unit weight of soil = 8 KN/cum
Angle of internal friction of soil = 30 Degrees 0.5236 radians
Surcharge load acting on the soil outside(q) = 20 KN/sqm
Unit weight of soil (Dry density) (gs) = 18 KN/cum
Unit weight of water (gw) = 10 KN/cum
Max. water level inside the sump = RL+275.000m
Free board above the max.water level = 300 mm
Bottom Width of the channel B = 4.5 m
Invert level of channel = RL+271.520m
Side slope of the channel wall = 8V : 1 H
Coefficient of active earth pressure(Ka) = (1-SIN(0.5236))/(1+SIN(0.5236))
= 0.333
Materails
Grade of concrete = M 25
Grade of steel = Fe 415
Cover to reinforcement
For side walls Water face = 30 mm
Soil face = 45 mm
For base slab = 25 mm
Minimum Thickness:
For side walls = 200 mm
For base slab = 200 mm

19 of 40
PROJECT: CW PUMPS PACKAGE FOR RIHAND STPP DOCUMENT NO. DATE

STAGE - II (2X500MW) O2054-C-CW-02-DC-0004 R0 26-Aug-2018
DESIGNED CHECKED PAGE
STRUCTURE: CT CHANNEL CBR SU
ANALYSIS OF CHANNELS:
A) CALCULATION OF PRESSURE ON WALLS.
The Channel wall is in contact with soil from outside and
water from inside.The design ground water table is at FGL.
The total Height of wall is 3.8 m and height of soil in contact
with the wall is 3.5 m. The max. height of water inside of wall
is 3.5 m. The wall is designed as Cantilever wall which is fixed
at base slab and free at top. The wall is designed by working
stress method as per IS:456 - 2000 with limiting crack width
of 0.2mm on water face.
Side wall sloping outward
Slope
0.2 m 5.37 m 0.2 m
RL+275.300m
0.3 m RL+275.00m RL+275.00m
1
8
3.48 m
4.5 m
RL+271.520m
SECTION A-A
20 of 40

DATA:
1) Height of wall (H) 3.78 m

=
2) Height of soil retained by the wall (H1) 3.48 m
=
3) Height of ground water table acting on the wall (H2) 3.48 m
=
4) Max. water depth inside the channel (H3) 3.48 m
=
5) Surcharge load acting on the soil outside (q) 20 kN/m2
=
6) Coefficient of active earth pressure Ka 0.333
=
8) Unit weight of soil (g s) 18 kN/m3
=
9) Submerged unit weight of soil (g s') 8 kN/m3
=
The wall is designed for two load cases:
1.No water inside the channel,with earth pressure of soil up to FGL,
GWT up to FGL and surcharge load of 20KN/Sqm from outside.

2) Max water level in side the channel and no earth pressure on outside.
I) LOAD CASE -1
Earth Pressure Surcharge Pressure Total pressure
0.3 m 6.66 kN/m2
3.5 m
+ =
44.07kN/sqm 6.66 kN/sqm 50.73 kN/sqm
i) Soil pressure acting at the base of the wall (p1) =

Kaxgx(H1-H2) + Kaxg'xH2 + gwxH2 =
21 of 40

0.333x18x(3.48-3.48)+0.333x8x3.48+10x3.48 = 44.07 kN/m2
ii) Pressure acting on the wall due to surcharge (p2)= Kaxq = 6.66 kN/m2
Total earth pressure acting at the base of the wall (p1+p2) =
= 44.07+6.66 = 50.73 kN/m2
II LOAD CASE -2
Water Pressure
0.3 m
3.48 m
34.80 kN/sqm
i) Water pressure acting at the base of the wall (p1)= gwxH3 = 10*3.48
= 35 kN/sqm
PRESSURE IN LOAD CASE 1 IS GOVERNING
Hence design the wall for load case 1 i.e. 1.No water inside the
channel,with earth pressure of soil up to FGL, GWT at FGL and
surcharge load of 20KN/Sqm from outside.
B) CALCULATION OF BENDING MOMENT & SHEAR FORCE
Maximum pressure force (P) = (6.66+50.73)*3.48/2
= 99.86 KN
Point of application of pressure force from

22 of 40

the base of the wall (h) = (3.48/3)*(50.73+2*6.66)/(50.73+6.66)
= 1.295 m
Moment at the base of the wall (M) = 99.86*1.295
= 129.32 kNm
Shear at the base of the wall (V) = 99.86 kN

O2054-C-CW-03-DC-0005 R0 26-Aug-18
CT / CW CHANNELS
CBR SU
1 DESIGN OF CT CHANNEL (TYP)
a) Design of wall:
Moment at the base of the wall (M) = 129.32 kNm
Shear at the base of the wall (V) = 99.86 kNm
Grade of concrete Grade of steel
M 25 Fe 415
Allowable stresses in material Design constants
scbc sst m 11
N/mm2 N/mm2 k 0.289
8.5 230 j 0.904
Q 1.11
Width of the wall (b) = 1000 mm
Effective depth required (deff) = M/Qb
= SQRT((129.32*10^6)/(1.11*1000))
= 341.3 mm
Overall thickness of wall provided = 400 mm
Clear cover to main reinforcement = 45 mm
Diameter of the vertical reinf. Provided = 16 mm
Effective depth provided = 400-45-16/2
= 347 mm
Calculation of reinforcement:
Vertical reinforcement:
Area of steel required = M/(sst*j*d)
= 129.32*10^6/(230*0.904*347)
= 1792 mm2
No. of 16 bars required = 8.91

O2054-C-CW-03-DC-0005 R0 26-Aug-18
CT / CW CHANNELS
CBR SU
Spacing of 16 dia bars required = 1000/8.91
= 112 mm
Spacing provided = 100 mm
Area of steel provided = (1000/100)*(201.06)
= 2011 mm2
% of steel provided = (2011/(1000*347))*100
= 0.58
O2054-C-CW-03-DC-0005 R0 26-Aug-18
CT / CW CHANNELS
CBR SU
Therefore Provide16mm dia bars at 100mm c/c on both faces of the wall
Horizontal reinforcement:(Temperature reinforcement)
Area of temp. steel required = 0.12 % total sectional area of wall
Total cross sectional area of wall/m length =

O2054-C-CW-03-DC-0005 R0 26-Aug-18
CT / CW CHANNELS
CBR SU
O2054-C-CW-03-DC-0005 R0 26-Aug-18
CT / CW CHANNELS
CBR SU
O2054-C-CW-03-DC-0005 R0 26-Aug-18
CT / CW CHANNELS
CBR SU
O2054-C-CW-03-DC-0005 R0 26-Aug-18
CT / CW CHANNELS
CBR SU
O2054-C-CW-03-DC-0005 R0 26-Aug-18
CT / CW CHANNELS
CBR SU
O2054-C-CW-03-DC-0005 R0 26-Aug-18
CT / CW CHANNELS
CBR SU
O2054-C-CW-03-DC-0005 R0 26-Aug-18
CT / CW CHANNELS
CBR SU
O2054-C-CW-03-DC-0005 R0 26-Aug-18
CT / CW CHANNELS
CBR SU
O2054-C-CW-03-DC-0005 R0 26-Aug-18
CT / CW CHANNELS
CBR SU
O2054-C-CW-03-DC-0005 R0 26-Aug-18
CT / CW CHANNELS
CBR SU
O2054-C-CW-03-DC-0005 R0 26-Aug-18
CT / CW CHANNELS
CBR SU
O2054-C-CW-03-DC-0005 R0 26-Aug-18
CT / CW CHANNELS
CBR SU
38

STRUCTURE: CWSUMP CBR SU
Check for the Crack Width as per IS456-2000:
1) Maximum Bending moment causing tension in the wall face in contact
with liquid = 5.625 kN-m/m
2) Maximum Tension in the wall = 653.1 kN/m
3) Width of wall considered (b) = 1000 mm
4) Overall depth of considered (h) = 700 mm
5) Area of steel provided on the tension face of the wall (As) = 1470 mm2/m
6) Area of steel provided on the compression face of wall (A sc) = 1470 mm2/m
7) Clear cover to tension steel provided (c) = 50 mm
8) Clear cover to compression steel provided = 25 mm
9) Diameter of bar provided on the tension face of the wall (f) = 20 mm
10) Diameter of bar provided on the compression face of the wall = 20 mm
11) Effective depth of wall c/s (d) = 700-50-20/2 = 640 mm
12) Cover to the centre of compression steel (d') = 35 mm
13) spacing of tension steel (s) = 150 mm c/c
As per IS456-2000 Design Surface Crack Width
Wcr = 3acrem/(1+2(acr-Cmin)/(h-x))
Where
acr = distance from the point considered to the surface
of the nearest longitudinal bar,
Cmin = minimum cover to the longitudinal bar;
em = average steel strain at the level considered,
h= Overall depth of the member, and
x= depth from the compression face to the neutral axis.
To find out em = e1 - b(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))
Where,
39

As = area of tension Reinforcement
b= Width of the section at the centroid of the tension
steel,
e1 = Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring
the stiffening of the concrete in the tension zone.
a= distance from the compression face to the point at
which crack width is being calculated, and
d= effective depth.
Es = modulus of elasticity of steel = 2x100000 N/mm2
Calculation of the Neutral axis depth:
The depth of neutral axis (x) from the comp face is found by
solving the equation = (mc-1)Asc(x-d') = (m-1)As(d-x)+bh2/2-xhb =
where,
mc = 1.5m-1 = 1.5x10.98-1 = 15.47
m= modular ratio = 280/3scbc = 280/(3x8.5) = 10.98
scbc = for M25 grade concrete = 8.5 N/mm2
solving the quadratic equation we get x = 293.37 mm
e 1 = (h-x)fs/Es(d-x)
Where,
fs = the tensile stress in the reinforcement.
= M/((d-x/3)As) + T/(As+Ac)
=5.625x1000000/((640-293.37/3)x1470)+653.1x1000/(1470+1470)= 229.2 N/mm2
Per. tensile stress in steel as per IS456-2000 by working stress = 230 N/mm2
OK
e1 = (700-293.37)x229.2/(200000x(640-293.37)) = 0.001344
e2 = b(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x)) =
40

= 1000x(700-293.37)x(700-293.37)/(3x200000x1470x(640-293.37)) =
0.000541
e m = e1 - e2 = 0.001344-0.000541 = 0.000803
acr = (s/2)2+(c+f/2)2 - f/2 = 86.05 mm
Cmin = c = 50 mm
Design crack width =
= 3x86.05x0.000803/(1+2x(86.05-50)/(700-293.37)) = 0.176 mm
< 0.2 mm OK
Compressive stress in concrete = 2M/zbx =
= 2x5.625x1000000/((640-293.37/3)x1000x293.37) = 0.07 N/mm2
Permissible compressive stress in the concrte for M25 concrete = 7 N/mm2
OK

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LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED

ECC Division – EDRC

5. CHECK FOR STABILITY

has been carried out.The layout plan of CT & CW channels is given in

Pressure Release valves (flap valves) with under drainage is provided

From DBR FGL of site = RL+275.000m

Ground Water level considered = RL+275.000m (i.e.at FGL)

Submerged unit weight of soil = 8 KN/cum

Angle of internal friction of soil = 30 Degrees 0.5236 radians

Surcharge load acting on the soil outside(q) = 20 KN/sqm

Unit weight of soil (Dry density) (gs) = 18 KN/cum

Unit weight of water (gw) = 10 KN/cum

Max. water level inside the sump = RL+275.000m

Free board above the max.water level = 300 mm

Bottom Width of the channel B = 4.5 m

Invert level of channel = RL+271.520m

Side slope of the channel wall = 8V : 1 H

Coefficient of active earth pressure(Ka) = (1-SIN(0.5236))/(1+SIN(0.5236))

Grade of steel = Fe 415

For side walls Water face = 30 mm

For base slab = 25 mm

For side walls = 200 mm

For base slab = 200 mm

PROJECT: CW PUMPS PACKAGE FOR RIHAND STPP DOCUMENT NO. DATE

The Channel wall is in contact with soil from outside and

water from inside.The design ground water table is at FGL.

The total Height of wall is 3.8 m and height of soil in contact

is 3.5 m. The wall is designed as Cantilever wall which is fixed

at base slab and free at top. The wall is designed by working

stress method as per IS:456 - 2000 with limiting crack width

of 0.2mm on water face.

Side wall sloping outward

0.2 m 5.37 m 0.2 m

PROJECT: CW PUMPS PACKAGE FOR RIHAND STPP DOCUMENT NO. DATE

1) Height of wall (H) 3.78 m

The wall is designed for two load cases:

1.No water inside the channel,with earth pressure of soil up to FGL,

GWT up to FGL and surcharge load of 20KN/Sqm from outside.

Earth Pressure Surcharge Pressure Total pressure

0.3 m 6.66 kN/m2

44.07kN/sqm 6.66 kN/sqm 50.73 kN/sqm

i) Soil pressure acting at the base of the wall (p1) =

PROJECT: CW PUMPS PACKAGE FOR RIHAND STPP DOCUMENT NO. DATE

Total earth pressure acting at the base of the wall (p1+p2) =

= 44.07+6.66 = 50.73 kN/m2

PRESSURE IN LOAD CASE 1 IS GOVERNING

channel,with earth pressure of soil up to FGL, GWT at FGL and

surcharge load of 20KN/Sqm from outside.

B) CALCULATION OF BENDING MOMENT & SHEAR FORCE

Maximum pressure force (P) = (6.66+50.73)*3.48/2

Point of application of pressure force from

PROJECT: CW PUMPS PACKAGE FOR RIHAND STPP DOCUMENT NO. DATE

Moment at the base of the wall (M) = 99.86*1.295

Shear at the base of the wall (V) = 99.86 kN

1 DESIGN OF CT CHANNEL (TYP)

Shear at the base of the wall (V) = 99.86 kNm

Grade of concrete Grade of steel

Allowable stresses in material Design constants

N/mm2 N/mm2 k 0.289

8.5 230 j 0.904

Width of the wall (b) = 1000 mm

Effective depth required (deff) = M/Qb

Overall thickness of wall provided = 400 mm

Area of steel required = M/(sstjd)

% of steel provided = (2011/(1000347))100