Jovianne Barreily N.

Pueblos STE 8- Delmundo

BIOTECHNOLOGY

Biotechnology is the use of biological processes, organisms, or systems to manufacture products

intended to improve the quality of human life. The earliest biotechnologists were farmers who
developed improved species of plants and animals by cross pollenization or cross breeding. In recent
years, biotechnology has expanded in sophistication, scope, and applicability.

The science of biotechnology can be broken down into subdisciplines called red, white, green, and
blue. Red biotechnology involves medical processes such as getting organisms to produce new
drugs, or using stem cells to regenerate damaged human tissues and perhaps re-grow entire organs.
White (also called gray) biotechnology involves industrial processes such as the production of new
chemicals or the development of new fuels for vehicles. Green biotechnology applies to agriculture
and involves such processes as the development of pest-resistant grains or the accelerated evolution
of disease-resistant animals. Blue biotechnology, rarely mentioned, encompasses processes in
marine and aquatic environments, such as controlling the proliferation of noxious water-borne
organisms.

Biotechnology, like other advanced technologies, has the potential for misuse. Concern about this
has led to efforts by some groups to enact legislation restricting or banning certain processes or
programs, such as human cloning and embryonic stem-cell research. There is also concern that if
biotechnological processes are used by groups with nefarious intent, the end result could be
biological warfare.

Scientists that are involved in Biology

Louis Agassiz (1807-1873). Swiss-born American zoologist, geologist, and paleontologist, with a special
expertise in ichthyology. Founder and director of Harvard's Museum of Comparative Zoology, one of the
most famous scientists of his day.

Ulisse Aldrovandi (1522-1605). Italian naturalist and physician. Together with Conrad Gesner, he led the
Renaissance movement that put a new emphasis on the study of the nature.

Mary Anning (1799-1847). British paleontologist. Often described as the greatest fossil hunter ever
known.
Werner Arber (1929-). Swiss microbiologist and geneticist. Shared the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine with Hamilton Smith and Daniel Nathans for the discovery of restriction endonucleases, which
led to the development of recombinant DNA technology.

Aristotle (384-322 B.C.). Greek philosopher and early scientist. Often called the "father of biology."

List of Famous Filipino Biologists

There are many prominent Filipino biologists who have made and are making contributions in
their fields of study. The following list of famous Filipino biologists contains the top 14.

Top Filipino Biologists

Because of their work, research, and inventions, these biologists have made it to the top of the
list of famous Filipino biologists:

 Angel C. Alcala
 Benjamin D. Cabrera
 Pedro B. Escuro
 Edgardo Gomez
 Bienvenido O. Juliano
 Milagrosa R. Martinez
 Evelyn Mae T. Mendoza
 Baldomero Olivera, Jr.
 Eduardo Quisumbing
 Asuncion Raymundo
 Reynaldo A. Tabada
 Carmen Velasquez
 Benito S. Vergara
 Prescillano M. Zamora
Angel C. Alcala

Angel C. Alcala worked for the conservation of tropical marine resources and invented artificial coral
reefs that are to be used for fisheries in Southeast Asia. He is known for his research of Philippine
amphibians and reptiles which led to the addition of 50 new species.

Benjamin D. Cabrera

Benjamin D. Cabrera has been involved in medical parasitology and public health and has published over
100 scientific studies. He has developed innovative drug treatments for mosquito-borne diseases. He
earned the Philippine Legion of Honor for his work with filariasis, a parasitic disease. He also worked on
controlling Ascariasis, a human disease caused by a parasitic roundworm.

Pedro B. Escuro

Pedro B. Escuro has achieved fame as a plant breeder. He developed high-yield varieties of C4 rice that
was hardy against disease and pests. His varieties are high quality rice and have good flavor.

Edgardo Gomez

Edgardo Gomez researches marine ecosystems and is a well-know marine biologist. His work on coral
reefs led to saving the true giant clam from extinction.

Bienvenido O. Juliano

Bienvenido O. Juliano has spent much of his life improving the grain quality of rice. He made the rice
more economical and more nutritious. He developed a method of evaluating grain quality and is a senior
consultant for the Philippine Rice Research Institute.
Milagrosa R. Martinez

Milagrosa R. Martinez is a pioneer in the field of micro-algaculture. Milagrosa researched in the field of
phycology and studied nostoc commune and chlorella.

Evelyn Mae T. Mendoza

Evelyn Mae T. Mendoza has performed research in plant biochemistry, particularly in the makapuno
phenotype of coconut and the nutritional worth of certain legumes indigenous to the Philippines, cassava,
and sweet potatoes. She also studied the resistance of certain plants to pests or disease.

Baldomero Olveria, Jr

Baldomero Olivera, Jr. has conducted research in the fields of molecular biology and biochemistry and he
has isolated key DNA enzymes. His discovery of Conus peptides may lead to drugs for pain and nervous
system disorders.

Eduardo Quisumbing

Eduardo Quisumbing is an authority of Philippine plants. He has published numerous papers, many
concerning medicinal plants, like orchids. He has received many awards, like the Distinguished Service
Star (botany) and the Diploma of Merit (Orchidology).

Asuncion Raymundo

Asuncion Raymundo is a researcher into the chemistry of natural products. She applied biotechnology
and microbial genetics to agriculture of the Philippines. She is an Academician of NAST, the National
Academy of Science and Technology, and is on the advisory group of science and technology to the
Office of the President.

Reynaldo A. Tabada

Reynaldo A. Tabada has made contributions in air pollution and water resources. This was namely
assessing the environmental impact of pollutants from thermal power plants that use coal, the effects of
heavy metal emissions and hydrogen sulfide from geothermal plants on vegetation, and assessing the
nitrogen and phosphorus in Laguna Lake.

Carmen Velasquez

Carmen Velasquez has studies parasites and their hosts in the fish, or fish parasitology. She discovered 32
species and one genus of digenetic trematodes on fish populations. She also discovered two new
trematode species on birds and five on mammals. She also discovered a parasitic copepod and two new
species of nematodes.

Benito S. Vergara

Benito S. Vergara is an expert on the flowering response of rice to photoperiodism and physiology. His
research has led to improvement of deep water rice, rice that is tolerant to floods and cold temperatures,
and increased production.

Prescillano M. Zamora

Prescillano M. Zamora has done work on the xylem elements of vascular plants. His research on ferns has
led to the discovery of additional species. He has also contributed to the conservation of natural resources
and environment policy research.
AIFA L. MARCIAL STE 8- DEL MUNDO

CALBAYOG CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL MRS. MA. LUZ MURILO

BIOTECHNOLOGY

Biotechnology is the use of biological processes, organisms, or systems to manufacture products intended to improve
the quality of human life. The earliest biotechnologists were farmers who developed improved species of plants and
animals by cross pollenization or cross breeding. In recent years, biotechnology has expanded in sophistication, scope,
and applicability.

The science of biotechnology can be broken down into subdisciplines called red, white, green, and blue. Red
biotechnology involves medical processes such as getting organisms to produce new drugs, or using stem cells to
regenerate damaged human tissues and perhaps re-grow entire organs. White (also called gray) biotechnology involves
industrial processes such as the production of new chemicals or the development of new fuels for vehicles. Green
biotechnology applies to agriculture and involves such processes as the development of pest-resistant grains or the
accelerated evolution of disease-resistant animals. Blue biotechnology, rarely mentioned, encompasses processes in
marine and aquatic environments, such as controlling the proliferation of noxious water-borne organisms.

Biotechnology, like other advanced technologies, has the potential for misuse. Concern about this has led to efforts by
some groups to enact legislation restricting or banning certain processes or programs, such as human cloning and
embryonic stem-cell research. There is also concern that if biotechnological processes are used by groups with
nefarious intent, the end result could be biological warfare.

IMPORTANCE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Biotechnology is the third wave in biological science and represents such an interface of basic and applied sciences,
where gradual and subtle transformation of science into technology can be witnessed. Biotechnology is defined as the
application of scientific and engineering principals to the processing of material by biological agents to provide goods
and services. Biotechnology comprises a number of technologies based upon increasing understanding of biology at
the cellular and molecular level.

The Bible already provides numerous examples of biotechnology. Namely, it deals with the conversion of grapes to
wine, of dough to bread and of milk to cheese. The oldest biotechnological processes are found in microbial
fermentations, as born out by the Babylonian tablet dated circa 6000 B.C., explaining the preparation of beer. The
Sumerians were able to brew as many as twenty types of beer in the third millennium B.C. In about 4000 B.C.
leavened bread was produced with the aid of yeast. During vedic period (5000-7000 B.C.) Aryans had been
performing daily Agnihotra or Yajna. In Ayurved, production of ‘Asava’ and ‘Arista’ using different substrates and
flowers of mahua (Madhuca indica) or dhataki (Wodfordia fructicosa) has been well characterized till today since
Vedic period. One of the materials used in Yajna is animal fat (i.e. ghee) which is fermented product of milk. The
term ‘biotechnology’ was described in a Bulletin of the Bureau of Biotechnology published in July, 1920 from the
office of the same name in Leeds in Yorkshire. The articles in this bulletin described the varied roles of microbes in
leather industry to pest control.

For centuries humans have used microorganisms to produce foods and drinks without understanding the microbial
processes underlying their production. In recent years the understanding of the biosynthetic pathways and regulatory
control mechanisms used by microorganisms for production of several metabolites has been increased by developing
the knowledge of biochemistry of industrially important organisms. Notable biotechnologies for food processing
include fermentation technology, enzyme technology and monoclonal antibody technology. Beneficial microbes
participate in fermentation processes, producing many useful metabolites such as enzymes, organic acids, solvents,
vitamins, amino acids, antibiotics, growth regulators, flavors and nutritious foods. Some leading food bioprocessing
technologies are dairy processing, alcohol and beverage processing. Production of alcoholic beverages include: wine,
beer, whiskey, rum, shake, etc. utilizing microorganisms like Clostridium acetobutylicum, Lecuonostoc mesenteroides,
Aspergillus oryzae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rizopus sp., Mucor sp., etc. Biotechnologically produced organic acids
like citric acid,acetic acid, gluconic acid, D-Lactic acid, fumaric acid, etc. also has very high market value.
 Scientists that are involved in Biology

 Louis Agassiz (1807-1873). Swiss-born American zoologist, geologist, and paleontologist, with a
special expertise in ichthyology. Founder and director of Harvard's Museum of Comparative
Zoology, one of the most famous scientists of his day.

 Ulisse Aldrovandi (1522-1605). Italian naturalist and physician. Together with Conrad Gesner,
he led the Renaissance movement that put a new emphasis on the study of the nature.

 Mary Anning (1799-1847). British paleontologist. Often described as the greatest fossil hunter
ever known.

 Werner Arber (1929-). Swiss microbiologist and geneticist. Shared the 1978 Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine with Hamilton Smith and Daniel Nathans for the discovery of restriction
endonucleases, which led to the development of recombinant DNA technology.

 Aristotle (384-322 B.C.). Greek philosopher and early scientist. Often called the "father of
biology."
 List of Famous Filipino
Biologists
There are many prominent Filipino biologists who have made and are making contributions in
their fields of study. The following list of famous Filipino biologists contains the top 14.

Angel C. Alcala

Angel C. Alcala worked for the conservation of tropical marine resources and invented artificial
coral reefs that are to be used for fisheries in Southeast Asia. He is known for his research of
Philippine amphibians and reptiles which led to the addition of 50 new species.

Benjamin D. Cabrera

Benjamin D. Cabrera has been involved in medical parasitology and public health and has
published over 100 scientific studies. He has developed innovative drug treatments for mosquito-
borne diseases. He earned the Philippine Legion of Honor for his work with filariasis, a
parasitic disease. He also worked on controlling Ascariasis, a human disease caused by a
parasitic roundworm.

Pedro B. Escuro

Pedro B. Escuro has achieved fame as a plant breeder. He developed high-yield varieties of C4
rice that was hardy against disease and pests. His varieties are high quality rice and have good
flavor.

Edgardo Gomez

Edgardo Gomez researches marine ecosystems and is a well-know marine biologist. His work on
coral reefs led to saving the true giant clam from extinction.

Bienvenido O. Juliano

Bienvenido O. Juliano has spent much of his life improving the grain quality of rice. He made
the rice more economical and more nutritious. He developed a method of evaluating grain
quality and is a senior consultant for the Philippine Rice Research Institute.
Milagrosa R. Martinez

Milagrosa R. Martinez is a pioneer in the field of micro-algaculture. Milagrosa researched in

the field of phycology and studied nostoc commune and chlorella.

Evelyn Mae T. Mendoza

Evelyn Mae T. Mendoza has performed research in plant biochemistry, particularly in the
makapuno phenotype of coconut and the nutritional worth of certain legumes indigenous to the
Philippines, cassava, and sweet potatoes. She also studied the resistance of certain plants to
pests or disease.

Baldomero Olveria, Jr

Baldomero Olivera, Jr. has conducted research in the fields of molecular biology and
biochemistry and he has isolated key DNA enzymes. His discovery of Conus peptides may lead to
drugs for pain and nervous system disorders.

Eduardo Quisumbing

Eduardo Quisumbing is an authority of Philippine plants. He has published numerous papers,

many concerning medicinal plants, like orchids. He has received many awards, like the
Distinguished Service Star (botany) and the Diploma of Merit (Orchidology).

Asuncion Raymundo

Asuncion Raymundo is a researcher into the chemistry of natural products. She applied
biotechnology and microbial genetics to agriculture of the Philippines. She is an Academician of
NAST, the National Academy of Science and Technology, and is on the advisory group of science
and technology to the Office of the President.

Reynaldo A. Tabada

Reynaldo A. Tabada has made contributions in air pollution and water resources. This was
namely assessing the environmental impact of pollutants from thermal power plants that use
coal, the effects of heavy metal emissions and hydrogen sulfide from geothermal plants on
vegetation, and assessing the nitrogen and phosphorus in Laguna Lake.

Carmen Velasquez

Carmen Velasquez has studies parasites and their hosts in the fish, or fish parasitology. She
discovered 32 species and one genus of digenetic trematodes on fish populations. She also
discovered two new trematode species on birds and five on mammals. She also discovered a
parasitic copepod and two new species of nematodes.

Benito S. Vergara

Benito S. Vergara is an expert on the flowering response of rice to photoperiodism and

physiology. His research has led to improvement of deep water rice, rice that is tolerant to floods
and cold temperatures, and increased production.