TYFO System Presentation - Introduction To FRP Strengthening - 2017

Structural Upgrade and Strengthening with the
TYFO® Fibrwrap® Composite Systems
Presented by: Rustom Jamaji – Sr. Vice President

Fyfe Asia Pte Ltd, Singapore
www.fyfeasia.com
Copyright of Aegion Corporation
Outline
1. Introduction
2. What are FRP Systems?
3. How and where can FRP Systems be used?
4. How to select FRP Systems for strengthening?
5. Design concepts and Detailing for FRP Systems in
strengthening projects?
6. Selected Project Showcase
www.fyfeasia.com
1
Global Structure
Aegion Corporation
St-Louis, USA
FYFE Co.
San Diego
FYFE ASIA FYFE EUROPE FYFE FYFE MID. EAST

Singapore Latin America
www.fyfeasia.com
Introduction
FYFE Asia Pte. Ltd, a ISO 9001, 14001 and OHSAS 18001 certified Company, is a
pioneer and the regional leader in the field of Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP)
composite technology for structural retrofit and structural strengthening using the
state-of-the-art, USA engineered, patented and internationally tested TYFO®
Fibrwrap® Composite Systems.
www.fyfeasia.com
2
FYFE Asia - Regional Network
Fibrwrap Construction
(Sichuan) Co. L
(25th February 2007)td.)
Fyfe Japan Co., Ltd.

(11th May 2010)
FYFE Hong Kong Ltd

(10th September 2004)
FRP-Tech (India) Pvt

Ltd
(8th April 2004) FYFE Asia Company
Fibrwrap Construction
(M) Sdn Bhd
(12th November 2003) Fyfe Certified Applicator
Fyfe Borneo Sdn Bhd

(27th April 2010)
Fyfe Asia Pte Ltd
(11th September 2001)
Fibrwrap Construction Pte Ltd

(22nd April 2002)
Technologie & Art Pte Ltd

(11th November 2005) Pt. Fyfe Fibrwrap Indonesia
(8th August 2011)
www.fyfeasia.com
Why is Strengthening Required?

1. Errors in the Design Stage 2. Errors in the Construction Stage
• Design mistakes • Poor construction practices
- Loading specifications - Lack of concrete cover
- Material specifications - Poor compaction
- Design code provisions - Inadequate curing
• Drafting mistakes • Lack of quality control
• Insufficient site supervision
3. Distress in the Service Stage

• Overloading
• Change in usage
• Environmental factors / Corrosion
• Structural movement / settlement
• Lack of regular maintenance
www.fyfeasia.com
3
Conventional Strengthening Methods
• Concrete jacketing method

• Steel plate bonding method
www.fyfeasia.com
Disadvantages
• Bulky set up requiring formwork.
• Time / Labour intensive.
• Fairly destructive.
• Improper bond between new and
existing concrete.
• Different rates of shrinkage for old
and new concrete.
• Additional dead loads.
www.fyfeasia.com
4
Disadvantages
• Bulky set-up.
• Time / labour intensive.
• Steel plates need to be tailor made.
• Difficult to lift and align into place.
• Drilling & bolting in concrete can
cause additional distress.
• Welding of steel plates is a possible
fire hazard.
• Quality assurance problems.
www.fyfeasia.com
Advances in the
Structural Rehabilitation Industry….
(… using space age materials - FRP Systems)
www.fyfeasia.com
5
What is an FRP / Composite?
Polymer Matrix
(Epoxy)
Fibre
www.fyfeasia.com
Brief History – FYFE Company

The Tyfo® Fibrwrap® Systems comprising of space age materials was developed and introduced in
the USA by Fyfe Co. LLC in mid-1980’s for structural use.
New Applications:
Material properties Intensive R&D for structural -Wall-like Columns
Durability Tests strengthening and regional -Blast Mitigation
Performance Tests adaptations carried out. -Corrosion Protection
-Fire Protection
Dirty Progressive
Demanding Transformed Structural Professional
Dangerous Rehabilitation Industry Productive
Buildings Jetties & Wharves

Bridges and Flyovers Incorporated into thousands of Silos-Chimneys
projects in more than 60 countries
Industrial installations Piles & Pipes
since 1987
Underwater applications Water tanks
www.fyfeasia.com
6
What are TYFO® Composites?
• The Tyfo® Fibrwrap® Composite Systems are

Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP’s) comprising of
tested combinations of high tensile strength
Glass, Carbon and Aramid (kevlar) fibre fabrics
with specially formulated and compatible
Epoxies and Resins.
• These tested combination of High Strength

Fibres and Resins make up a FRP Composite
System for structural strengthening.
• Tested Composite Properties of fibres and

epoxies combination are used in design.
www.fyfeasia.com
Common Types of TYFO® FRP for Strengthening
Wet lay-up Pre-cured

Systems Systems
Dry woven fibre Pre-cured Composite
sheets or fabrics shapes manufactured
impregnated with off-site
epoxy resin on-site
www.fyfeasia.com
7
Common Types of TYFO® FRP for New Construction
 FRP rebars
 Consist of primarily longitudinal unidirectional
fibres
 Bound and shaped by a rigid polymer resin
material
 Can be deformed to enhance bond like steel
GFRP
rebars
 Two Families of FRP rebars

 Carbon FRP bars – CFRP Bars
 Glass FRP bars – GFRP Bars
CFRP
www.fyfeasia.com
Composite Properties of TYFO® FRP
GLASS ARAMID CARBON
COMPOSITE Glass-System Aramid-System Carbon-System

PROPERTY WEB SEH25-A SEH51-A UG55 WAB SAH SCH SCH-UP UC
Ultimate 309 521 575 896 240 896 986 1062 2800
Tensile to
Strength (MPa) 3100
Elongation at 1.6 2.0 2.2 2.2 1.2 1.7 1.0 1.05 1.8
Break (%)
Tensile 19.3 26.1 26.1 41.4 20 80 95.8 102 >
Modulus (GPa) 110
* Mild Steel only 240 - 276 MPa

** High Strength Steel only 410 -500 MPa
www.fyfeasia.com
8
One Strip: 20mm wide x 1.3mm thick x
150mm long of TYFO® Glass FRP weighs only
0.006 kg !!
But can carry a load of 1523 kg !!
That is more than the weight

of a Toyota Camry = 1430kg !!
www.fyfeasia.com
Advantages of Strengthening with FRP Systems

• Non destructive process and easy to install.
• Much lighter system / high strength to weight ratio.
• Does not require heavy or special equipment.
• Can be used in space constrained areas.
• Can incorporate different finishing coats.
• Can be applied underwater.
www.fyfeasia.com
9
Enhancements and Benefits of using FRP
• Increases bending strength of flexural elements.

• Increases shear strength of beams columns and
walls.
• Increases vertical load capacity of columns.
• Increases ductility under cyclic loading.
• Improves long-term durability of strengthened
structures.
• Does not corrode and can contain further corrosion.
www.fyfeasia.com
Key features of a good FRP system
#1 Low viscosity epoxy to penetrate micro-cavities in

concrete substrate
Anchoring into concrete

Stronger adhesion bond
www.fyfeasia.com
10
#2 Single epoxy system as Primer & Saturant to ensure

compatibility & form and effective polymer matrix
Fully integrated
Proper load transfer to fibres Concrete Failure
www.fyfeasia.com
#3 Low viscosity epoxy as Saturant to ensure complete

impregnation of fibres
Carbon Fibre
Fully impregnated
Proper protection to fibres
E-Glass Fibre Proper distribution of loads
www.fyfeasia.com
11
Application Procedures
FRPs are easy to install but must be

applied by trained applicators
www.fyfeasia.com
Application Procedure
Repair Concrete Substrate Epoxy to cracks > 0.30mm
www.fyfeasia.com
12
Corner rounded to radius 20mm – 35mm as specified
www.fyfeasia.com
Complete Surface Preparation
www.fyfeasia.com
13
Prime surface with Epoxy
www.fyfeasia.com
1) Surface
Preparation:
• Remove plaster
and clean surface.
• Patch up surface
irregularities.
• Round corners to
min. radius of 20
mm.
www.fyfeasia.com
14
2) Surface Priming
• Prime surface with
a brush coat of
TYFO® S Epoxy for
columns.
www.fyfeasia.com
3) Saturation
• Saturate TYFO®
Fibres with TYFO®
S Epoxy using a
roller brush.
www.fyfeasia.com
15
Fibre Impregnation
Impregnating Fabrics by
saturating machine
www.fyfeasia.com
4) Wrapping:
• Wrap the member with
the TYFO® material
after priming the
surface.
www.fyfeasia.com
16
5) Finishing:
• Apply desired
finishing to
strengthened
member.
www.fyfeasia.com
Workmanship & Installation Guidelines

Fibre Orientation
• FRP systems provide structural
enhancement by alignment of
primary fibres in a particular
direction
• Fibre waviness or deviation from
the general straight line to be
checked during inspection
• Improperly stitched fabrics tend to
misalign during application
• Misalignment of more than 5
degrees from the specified direction Poor weaves of
may result in substantial reduction home grown
in the intended strength suppliers
www.fyfeasia.com
17
Workmanship & Installation Guidelines
Strengthened
Column!!!!
Misaligned Main
Close up view of
fibres (of home
the FRP Wrap
grown suppliers)
www.fyfeasia.com
Evaluation, Acceptance & Selection Criteria

for use of FRP Systems for Structural
Strengthening
www.fyfeasia.com
18
Requirements of Proprietary FRP Systems
(as specified in FRP codal provisions)
From ACI440.2R-08 Clause 1.4 – Use of FRP Systems
Proprietary FRP systems should have been developed
through material characterization and structural testing
Untested combinations of fibres and resins could yield an

unexpected range of properties as well as potential
material incompatibilities
Any FRP systems considered for use should have sufficient

test data and evaluation reports demonstrating adequate
performance of the system in similar applications, including
its method of installation
www.fyfeasia.com
Qualification of Proprietary FRP Systems

From ACI440.2R-08 Clause 4.6 – FRP systems qualification
FRP systems should be qualified for use on projects on basis
of…
#1. … independent laboratory test data of the FRP-

constituent materials & laminates made with them…
#2. … structural test data for the type of application being

considered…
#3. … durability data representative of the anticipated

environment.
www.fyfeasia.com
19
Qualification of Proprietary FRP Systems (as
specified in FRP codal provisions)
From ACI440.2R-08 Clause 4.6 – FRP systems qualification
FRP composite systems that have NOT been fully tested
should NOT be considered for use.
Mechanical properties of FRP systems should be

determined from tests on laminates manufactured in a
process representative of their field installation… in general
conformance with procedures listed in Appendix B of
ACI440.2R-08.
… sufficient laboratory testing to measure the repeatability

and reliability of critical properties.
www.fyfeasia.com
Qualification of Proprietary FRP Systems

Material Durability
Testing Testing
Qualification
of FRP Systems
for Structural
Use
System
Testing
www.fyfeasia.com
20
Material Testing
• Mechanical- Physical Properties of the FRP
• Tensile strength, Strain, Elastic Modulus
• Adhesive Shear Bond Tests
• FRP to concrete substrate
• FRP to FRP
• Coefficient of thermal expansion
• Glass transition temperature
• Surface hardness
www.fyfeasia.com
Material Characterization
Mechanical-Physical Properties Test Criteria- ACI440.2R-08
Appendix B Table B1.1
PROPERTY ASTM TEST METHOD
Surface Hardness D2538/D2240/D3418
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion D696
Glass Transition Temperature (Min. 140 deg. F) D4065
Volume fraction D3171/D2548
Direct tension pull-off D4551
Ultimate Tensile Strength D3039
Tensile Modulus D3039
Elongation D3039
Lap Shear Strength D3165/D3528

www.fyfeasia.com
21
Mechanical Property Testing: ASTM D3039M-08
 Tyfo SCH Composite Fabric testing
www.fyfeasia.com
Environmental Durability Testing

• Exposure to certain environments may result in
reduced mechanical properties of the FRP
• Temperature
• Humidity
• Alkalinity
• Chemical
• The Material properties used in design equations to
be reduced based on exposure conditions
www.fyfeasia.com
22
From ACI440.2R-08 Clause 9.3 – Selection of FRP systems
The licensed design professional should select an FRP
system based on the known behavior of that system in the
anticipated service conditions.
When available, durability test data for FRP systems… may

be obtained from the manufacturer of the FRP system
under consideration.
www.fyfeasia.com

From ACI440.2R-08 Table 9.1
Exposure Conditions Fiber Type Environmental
reduction factor CE
Interior exposure Carbon 0.95
Glass 0.75
Aramid 0.85
Exterior exposure (bridges, piers and Carbon 0.85
unenclosed parking garges) Glass 0.65
Aramid 0.75
Aggressive environment (chemical plants Carbon 0.85
and wastewater treatment plants) Glass 0.50
Aramid 0.70
www.fyfeasia.com
23
From ACI440.2R-08 Clause 9.4 – Design material properties
The reduction factors can reflect the use of protective
coating if the coating has been shown through testing to
lessen the effects of environmental exposure and the
coating is maintained for the life of the FRP system.
www.fyfeasia.com
 Durability Testing: 15 Year Durability testing (1997 – 2012)
www.fyfeasia.com
24
Full System Tests as per ICC AC125, ACI440
Independent structural testing required to evaluate a system’s
performance for a specific application
• Columns
• Axial, ductility, shear, flexure
• Beams
• Flexure, Shear
• Slabs
• Flexure
• Walls
• In plane shear, out of plane bending
• Pipes
• Pressure tests
• Blast Testing
• Columns, Slabs, Beams, Walls
www.fyfeasia.com
Full System Testing – Bridge Column
Control Control specimen exhibited extensive

cracking at small lateral deformation- µ= 3
www.fyfeasia.com
25
Full System Testing
Ductility test on full scale bridge pier- SEQUAD USA
Strengthened Same Column after confining with Tyfo®
Fibrwrap® System withstood large lateral
deformations without cracking µ= 10
www.fyfeasia.com
Full System Testing

Ductility test on typical rectangular Bridge Columns, USA
Tremendous increase in lateral
drift ductility after confining
with the TYFO® System
Rectangular Column
www.fyfeasia.com
26
Full System Testing - Columns
Column Axial Load Tests at NUS, Singapore
STRENGTHENED SPECIMEN:
• 2-layers C-shaped wrap
• 2-layers confining wrap
Increase in
Axial Capacity = 49%
CONTROL
STRENGTHENED
www.fyfeasia.com
Full System Testing Column Axial Load Tests at

NTU Singapore
More than 250 specimens of high aspect ratio columns with different
configurations of TYFO® Fibrwrap® Systems tested over a 7 year period
Control Strengthened
www.fyfeasia.com
27
Full System Testing
Seismic test on Beam-Column Joint – NTU Singapore
TYFO® strengthened Strengthened
specimen showed steeper
envelope indicating greater
seismic resistance after
strengthening
___ Tyfo® Strengthened

___ Unstrengthened www.fyfeasia.com
Full System Testing

• Shake-Table Test for RC Frame at NTU Singapore
FRP Seismic Retrofit Research on Beam-Column joint

www.fyfeasia.com
28
Beams and Girder Testing: Kyushu
University, Japan
Preparation of
Samples
Test rig setup

www.fyfeasia.com
Beams and Girder Testing : Kyushu

University, Japan
Load vs Deflection Chart: Specimens (A, B, C, D, E)
• Significant load carrying enhancement in all wrapped specimens.
• Significant increase in ductility.
• Evidence that anchors prevent early debonding of laminate.
120
100 D E
80
TypeA
Load(kN)
C
60 TypeB
B
TypeC
40
TypeD
20 A TypeE
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Deflection (mm) www.fyfeasia.com

29
Prestressed Bridge Girder Testing:
Wrapping Schemes to Bridge Girdersof Samples

www.fyfeasia.com
Bridge Girder Testing:
Wrapping Schemes to Preparation and

Bridge Girdersof Samples Testing of Girders
www.fyfeasia.com
30
Prestressed Bridge Girder Testing:
Test Results Summary
www.fyfeasia.com
Full System Testing - Beams

Beam FlexuraI tests IIT Chennai- India
Control
62% increase in the flexure
capacity with 2-layers
Tyfo® Fibrwrap®
Strengthened
www.fyfeasia.com
31
System Testing with Tyfo® Fibrwrap®
Beam Shear tests IIT Chennai- India
Control 65% increase in the shear
capacity in the specimen
strengthened with 2-layers
Tyfo® Fibrwrap®
Strengthened
www.fyfeasia.com
Full System Testing

Beam Tests at Ho Chi Minh University of Technology (HCMUT) Vietnam
Control
Strengthened
37.5% increase in the

flexure capacity with
1-layer of Tyfo® Fibrwrap®
www.fyfeasia.com
32
Full System Testing - Slabs
Flexure Tests on Slabs at NUS, Singapore
Control
25% increase in the flexural
capacity in the slab specimen
strengthened with a single strip
of Tyfo® Fibrwrap®
Strengthened
www.fyfeasia.com
University of Communication & Transport – Hanoi Vietnam

 R&D on RC Slabs
60000
55000 Plate 1 - 0 layer
50000 Plate 2 - 2 layer

perpendicular
Plate 3 - 2 layer
45000
perpendicular
Plate 4 - 2 layer
40000 perpendicular
35000
Force (N)
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Position (mm)
www.fyfeasia.com
33
System Testing – Brick Walls
State University of New York at Buffalo, USA
In-Plane Shear test on Masonry walls
• 2 layers of TYFO® WEB fabric applied to one face of wall specimens
• In-plane shear applied by actuator
• > 200% increase in shear capacity
www.fyfeasia.com
Full System
State University of New York at Buffalo, USA
Out of Plane Bending test on Masonry walls
• 2 layers, 150mm wide strips of TYFO® SEH51 applied at 1.37m c/c on
one face
• 2 layers of TYFO® WEB applied to the other face
• > 200% increase in flexural capacity
www.fyfeasia.com
34
Full System Testing
Brickwall Flexural Test in NTU
Brickwall strengthened
with Tyfo® Fibrwrap®
System to enhance
flexural capacity by
200%
www.fyfeasia.com
Wall Seismic Strengthening at Nanyang Technological

University, Singapore
RC Wall damaged after RC Wall repaired by RC Wall strengthened

initial testing conventional concrete and tested again
repair methods
www.fyfeasia.com
35
Full System Testing
Blast Hardening – Test on CMU Masonry Block Wall
TYFO® Strengthened Wall - 11.4 psi

www.fyfeasia.com
Full System Testing – Blast

Blast Hardening of Columns Research (USA)
Blast Test Site

Unretrofitted column Retrofitted column
after test blast after test blast
www.fyfeasia.com
36
System Testing with Tyfo® Fibrwrap®
Blast Hardening of Columns Research (Singapore)
Unretrofitted column Retrofitted column.
www.fyfeasia.com
Full System Testing - Pipes

Pressure Tests on concrete water pipes, USA
www.fyfeasia.com
37
Research & Development on
TYFO® Fibrwrap® FRP Systems
• University of California – San Diego, USA
• West Virginia University, USA
• National University of Singapore
• Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
• University of Bologna, Italy
• University of Canterbury, NZ
• National Chung-Kung University, Taiwan
• Texas, DOT Materials Testing Lab, USA
• Georgia, DOT Material Test Lab, USA
• University of British Columbia, Canada
• University of Toronto, Canada
• City Polytechnic University, HK
• University of Korea
• Indian Institute of Technology – Roorke, India
• Indian Institute of Technology – Chennai, India
• Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom Thailand
• Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam
• Parahyangan Catholic University, Indonesia
www.fyfeasia.com
Uniqueness of TYFO® FRP
• More than 30 years of research and testing

• Durability – Fully tested for durability
• NSF Certified – Safe for contact with water for human
consumption.
• ISO 9001:2008 – Guaranteed properties for Tyfo® materials
• Specially-formulated epoxies with high glass transition
temperature of more than 85˚C and up to 125˚C.
• Special underwater epoxy for structures applications. Marine or
wet application.
www.fyfeasia.com
38
FRP System
Strengthening Concepts
www.fyfeasia.com
FRP Strengthening Concepts

• FRP Systems applications in civil structures will typically
fall into these 2 categories:-
Bond-critical
 Requires a bond between the composite & the substrate to
transfer loads.
 Example: Flexural & shear strengthening to walls, slabs and
beams.
Contact-critical
 Requires an intimate contact with the substrate but no special
adhesion requirements in order to perform.
 Example: Axial strengthening to columns – confinement.
www.fyfeasia.com
39
FRP Strengthening Concepts
• FRP layers are “wrapped” or “bonded” to the structural
element requiring capacity enhancement
• FRP systems provide confining effect or act as
additional external reinforcement
• FRP thickness is designed to achieve the design
objective with orientation of fibres in appropriate direction
• Composite cures & becomes integral part of the
retrofitted member as an external reinforcement
• Strengthened element experiences enhancement in
ductility/axial/shear/flexural capacity
www.fyfeasia.com
FRP Layout to Achieve Strengthening Objective
Axial, Shear capacity and Ductility

enhancement of Columns
www.fyfeasia.com
40
Flexural capacity enhancement
of Beams & Slabs
www.fyfeasia.com
Shear capacity
enhancement of Beams
www.fyfeasia.com
41
In-plane and Out of plane capacity
enhancement of Masonry and RC Walls
www.fyfeasia.com
Design Guidelines,
Detailing &
Principles
www.fyfeasia.com
42
Design Codes and Guidelines
Code/ Report Issued by Date
AC125 (1997)
ICC (International Code Council - USA)
2010
ACI 440 ACI (American Concrete Institute) 2008
TR 55 Technical Reports 2004

TR 57 The Concrete Society, UK 2003
fib 9.1 fib (Federation International du Beton, July 2001

fib 14 Belgium, EU)
CSA S806 Canadian Standards Association 2012
JSCE Japanese Standards Working Group Guidelines 1999

– No. 95
www.fyfeasia.com
Design Principles
Important Design Considerations:
• Existing concrete compressive strength shall not be
less than 17 MPa for bond critical applications.
• All existing steel reinforcements must still be in their

elastic state at the point of strengthening.
• The serviceability of the structural members must

satisfy the requirements in accordance to
international design code of practice such as ACI
Code and British Standards.
www.fyfeasia.com
43
Design Principles
Composite Design Assumptions:
• Design calculations are based on the actual
dimensions, internal reinforcing steel arrangement
and material properties of the existing member being
strengthened
• The tensile strength of concrete is neglected
• The FRP reinforcement has a linear elastic stress-

strain relationship to failure
www.fyfeasia.com
Design Principles
Composite Design Assumptions:
• Sections that are plane before bending remain
plane after bending
• There is no relative slip between the FRP and the

concrete
• The stress-strain responses for concrete and steel

reinforcement follow the idealized curves
presented in current codes and standards
www.fyfeasia.com
44
Design Principles
Important Requirement:
• All FRP strengthening design must
satisfy the basic engineering
principles of:-
• Strain Compatibility
• Force Equilibrium
www.fyfeasia.com
Design Procedure of FRP
www.fyfeasia.com
45
Design Information Required
 Background of project
 Project Requirement – Eg. Change of usage, codal upgrade.
 Current Condition of structure – Eg. Low f’c, corrosion etc.
 Current environment of structure – Sea front, chemical plant etc.
 As-built structural plans and details of affected area.
 Existing material properties - fcu and fy.
 Design loadings – Dead, Superimposed & Live.
 Design Load Factors of Safety
 Design Consideration
 Any specific design consideration to take note such as % loss of
steel due to corrosion, % loss of capacity due to fire damage
etc.
 Environmental reduction factor to consider for FRP
www.fyfeasia.com
Design Flowchart
Design
Information YES Details & Material
Properties e.g. f’c,
Available ??? fy, fyv
NO
Structural Structural Existing
Investigation Analysis Capacities
New NO No
Structural
Required Strengthening
Deficiencies
Capacities Required
Strengthening Design YES

Using TYFO®
www.fyfeasia.com
46
Flexural Strengthening
MN = Ms + Mf
where:
MN = Moment capacity of RC beam section
Ms= Moment contribution from steel = FsZs
Mf = Moment contribution from FRP = FfZf
www.fyfeasia.com
b εcu = 0.003
FC
x 0.9x
h d
Zs Zf
As εs Fs
εf Ff
Af
SECTION STRAIN STRESS
Moment by steel: Ms = FsZs = Asfs (d-0.45x)

Moment by FRP: Mf = FfZf = Afff (h-0.45x)
www.fyfeasia.com
47
Shear Strengthening
VN = Vc + Vs + Vf
where:
VN = Shear resistance of RC beam section
Vc= Shear resistance of concrete
Vs= Shear resistance of steel links
Vf = Shear resistance provided by FRP
www.fyfeasia.com
Shear Strengthening
sfv
dfv sfv
b
wfv wfv wfv
Afv f fv (sin β + cos β )d fv

Vf =
s fv where Afv = 2tfvwfv
sfv = wfv + dfv/4
www.fyfeasia.com
48
Axial Strengthening
NN = Nc + Ns + Nf
where:
NN = Axial capacity of RC column
Nc= Axial capacity contributed by concrete
Ns= Axial capacity contributed by steel
Nf = Axial capacity contributed by FRP
www.fyfeasia.com
Axial Strengthening
 Increase in Axial Load Capacity due to Confinement Effect
+ =
STRESS EFFECTS DUE STRESS EFFECTS DUE TO TOTAL STRESS EFFECTS

TO CONFINEMENT BY CONFINEMENT BY
LINKS FRP
CONFINEMENT EFFECT GIVES UP TO

60% INCREASE IN AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY
www.fyfeasia.com
49
Axial Strengthening
 Increase in Axial Load Capacity due to Confinement Effect
+ =
STRESS EFFECTS DUE STRESS EFFECTS DUE TO TOTAL STRESS EFFECTS

TO CONFINEMENT BY CONFINEMENT BY
LINKS FRP
CONFINEMENT EFFECT GIVES UP TO

40-50% INCREASE IN AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY
www.fyfeasia.com
Guidelines for
Detailing of FRP
www.fyfeasia.com
50
Typical FRP Layouts
Shear Strengthening
with TYFO®
with TYFO®
Axial Strengthening
with TYFO®
www.fyfeasia.com
Typical Strengthening Details

 Flexure Detailing - Cutoff Points
M=0
M=Mu
100 100 100 ≥ ldf
www.fyfeasia.com
51
TYFO®
 Shear Detailing - Various Configurations
 Strips
 Continuous
 Inclined
www.fyfeasia.com

 Shear Detailing - Wrapping Schemes
Full Wrap “U-wrap” Two sides
www.fyfeasia.com
52
 Anchorage – TYFO® FibrAnchor System
A
50mm A-A
A
∅10
TYFO® Fibre Anchor
FibrAnchor System TYFO® epoxy
www.fyfeasia.com

 Anchorage - Avoid using mechanical fasteners
F
www.fyfeasia.com
53
Typical TYFO® Detailing
0.35L1 0.35L2
0.25L1 0.25L1 0.25L2 0.25L2
0.85L1 0.85L2
L1 L2
150-200mm lap
www.fyfeasia.com
SELECTED COMPLETED PROJECTS (1996-2017)
54
TYFO® Applications
COLUMNS
www.fyfeasia.com
HDB Wall-like Column Strengthening,

Singapore (1999 – Present)
Ongoing Project to Strengthen Columns
Wrapping works in progress.

www.fyfeasia.com
55
HDB Wall-like Column Strengthening, Singapore
• The strengthened columns

after final finishes.
• 450,000 Columns
strengthened to date.
www.fyfeasia.com
Ripas Hospital
 Column Strengthening at
Ripas Hospital Expansion
Project to add additional
Floor.
www.fyfeasia.com
56
Global Chemical Factory, Bangkok Thailand
Rehabilitation of severely-corroded RC members
Before
RC columns treated for severe corrosion
and strengthened using After
TYFO® systems.
www.fyfeasia.com
ORBIT PLAZA, MUMBAI, INDIA

STRENGTHENING WITH TYFO® FIBRWRAP® SYSTEM
Installation of TYFO® FIBRWRAP® SYSTEM to Columns. www.fyfeasia.com

57
Silicon Chip Factory, Taiwan
Retrofitting of earthquake
damaged columns
www.fyfeasia.com
Silicon Chip Factory, Taiwan
Columns repaired and strengthened to increase ductility under

www.fyfeasia.com
seismic loading
58
Mehlim Point, Ho Chi Minh Vietnam
Strengthening to RC columns
due to supplied concrete
grade lower than specified
www.fyfeasia.com
Mumbai Airport Terminal-1B, India
• Architectural and Seismic

Upgrade of Columns in 50
year old terminal.
• 15,000 square meters of
TYFO® SEH51 installed.
www.fyfeasia.com
59
TYFO® Applications
BEAMS
www.fyfeasia.com
International Building, Singapore

Upgrading of beams due to low concrete grade.
www.fyfeasia.com
60
RAFFLES CITY SHOPPING CENTRE, SINGAPORE
Application of
TYFO® Fibrwrap® Systems to beams
www.fyfeasia.com
Global Chemical Factory, Bangkok Thailand

Rehabilitation of severely-corroded RC Beams
RC beams treated
for severe
corrosion and
strengthened
using TYFO®
Composites
www.fyfeasia.com
61
Kelana Parkview Basement Car Park, Malaysia
Design Error leading to
flexural & shear cracking in
car park beams
Epoxy injection and surface

preparation of beams
www.fyfeasia.com
Kelana Parkview Basement Car Park, Malaysia
Application of shear wrap to

48 car-park beams in progress
www.fyfeasia.com
62
TYFO® Applications
SLABS
www.fyfeasia.com
TYFO® Project in Japan:

Hiroshima Public Housing Complex:
• Housing complex constructed in 1970, consists of three main high
rise buildings of 16 floors each.
• During a maintenance assessment, cracks in the concrete slabs
were noticed at support locations and mid-span.
www.fyfeasia.com
63
Hiroshima Public Housing Complex:
• Structural investigation found lack of steel and hence high
stresses at various locations.
www.fyfeasia.com
• TYFO® SEH51 Glass System used for

Moment strengthening of Slab
Works in progress
www.fyfeasia.com
64
Ratchada Towers, Bangkok - Thailand
Strengthening to PT Flat Slabs using FRP
Strengthening for change of loading and

function at a twin 50-storey towers
www.fyfeasia.com
Ratchada Towers, Bangkok - Thailand

Strengthening to PT Flat Slabs using FRP.
TYFO® installed to top of slab TYFO® installed to bottom of slab
www.fyfeasia.com
65
SHOPPING CENTRES, SINGAPORE
Tanglin Mall Plaza Singapura Funan Digital Mall Century Square
Tiong Bahru Plaza Whitesands Ginza Plaza Bukit Panjang Plaza
Centre Point Hougang Mall Raffles City Paradiz Centre

www.fyfeasia.com
RESTORATION OF NATIONAL MONUMENTS & HERITAGE STRUCTURES

WITH TYFO® FIBRWRAP® SYSTEM
46 Mosque Hotel Rendezvous NTU

street Chinese
Heritage
Centre
Clarke Quay Former

China
square Ford
Factory
Chinese High School-Clock Tower River

52-58
House
Upper
Cross
Street
www.fyfeasia.com
66
TYFO® Applications
HISTORICAL STRUCTURES
www.fyfeasia.com
Brunei: PMO Office Complex Heritage Mosque
 16 Domes and series of Vaulted Arches of heritage structure strengthened

with TYFO Composite at Prime Minister’s Office Complex.
www.fyfeasia.com
67
 Works in progress with TYFO Composited at Prime

Minister’s Office Complex.
www.fyfeasia.com
 Completed Project
www.fyfeasia.com
68
Nanyang Chinese Heritage Centre, Singapore
Effective Restoration of National Heritage Structure with TYFO Systems
www.fyfeasia.com
Nanyang Chinese Heritage Centre, Singapore

Effective Restoration of National Heritage Structure
Severely corroded slabs Fibrwrapping
Corrosion Protection RC Roof Trusses

RC Roof Beams
www.fyfeasia.com
69
Bund 18, Shanghai - China
• Built in 1923, to be
refurbished into a high-
end retail and
commercial hub on the
Bund.
•Existing structural
capacity inadequate for
new dead and live loads
as well as seismic
requirements
•Many historic features

need to be preserved
www.fyfeasia.com
Bund 18, Shanghai - China

Flexural strengthening to roof
slabs
•Additional loading due to
change of use at rooftop.
•Existing concrete is very
weak – low bond strength.
www.fyfeasia.com
70
Heritage Structures – Philippines
National Museum of Natural History - Manila

• Pre World-war II structure
www.fyfeasia.com
Heritage Structures – Philippines
National Museum of Natural History - Manila

• Strengthening of slab and beams on all 5 floors to cater for change of
use
www.fyfeasia.com
71
TYFO® Fibrwrap® System
International Project References
BLAST HARDENING
www.fyfeasia.com
CHANGI AIRPORT TERMINAL 3, SINGAPORE

STRENGTHENING WORKS FOR BLAST MITIGATION WITH TYFO® SYSTEM
www.fyfeasia.com
72
CHANGI AIRPORT TERMINAL 3, SINGAPORE
Installation of TYFO® FIBRWRAP® SYSTEM to Carpark columns
www.fyfeasia.com
PINNACLE @ DUXTON, SINGAPORE

www.fyfeasia.com
73
PINNACLE @ DUXTON, SINGAPORE
Strengthening of Columns in
progress.
www.fyfeasia.com
“The Fibrwrap® Company”
US Embassy – Blast Hardening

Blast Protection to RC columns using Tyfo®
Installation of Tyfo® Fibrwrap®

Systems for blast protection of
RC columns www.fyfeasia.com
Copyright of Aegion Corporation www.fyfeasia.com
74
FYFE Asia
Pte Ltd “The Fibrwrap® Company”
US Embassy – Blast Hardening

Blast Protection to RC walls using Tyfo®
Installation of Tyfo® Fibrwrap®

Systems for blast protection of
RC walls www.fyfeasia.com
www.fyfeasia.com
TYFO® Applications
BRIDGES & INFRASTRUCTURE
www.fyfeasia.com
75
Arroyo Seco Bridge, USA
Ductility enhancement of Piers – Seismic
Strengthening
www.fyfeasia.com
Gaviota Bridge Project
FRP strengthening to seismic-deficient RC bridge piers due to

change of codes to cater for seismic. www.fyfeasia.com
76
Gaviota Bridge Project
FRP-strengthened RC
bridge piers withstood
major earthquake of
6.6 magnitude with no
signs of damage.
www.fyfeasia.com
Bridge girder beams exhibiting

distress
www.fyfeasia.com
77
Strengthening & protection of bridge girder beams exhibiting distress
Wrapping Works in Progress
www.fyfeasia.com
Strengthening & protection of bridge girder beams completed
www.fyfeasia.com
78
 Structural strengthening works to Masonry
Pier Heads with TYFO Systems.
www.fyfeasia.com
 Structural strengthening works in progress

with TYFO Systems.
www.fyfeasia.com
79
 Structural strengthening works
completed with TYFO Systems.
www.fyfeasia.com
Tongcheng River Bridge, Kunshan - China
Bridge in need of strengthening

due to environmental
deterioration and increased
traffic loads
www.fyfeasia.com
80
Tongcheng River Bridge, Kunshan - China
Flexural and Shear

strengthening of beams in
progress
www.fyfeasia.com
Tong Cheng River Bridge, Kunshan - China
Successful live load monitoring

and testing after strengthening
with the FRPs.
www.fyfeasia.com
81
Arch Bridges, Chengdu - China
Xi Xiu Arch Bridge, Sichuan
Long Tong Bei Arch Bridge: Sichuan
Two newly built arch bridges

strengthened with the
TYFO® Fibrwrap® to rectify design
errors
www.fyfeasia.com
PANYU BRIDGE, GUANGZHOU, CHINA

REPAIR AND STRENGTHENING WITH TYFO® FIBRWRAP® SYSTEM
Installation of TYFO® FIBRWRAP® SYSTEM

to Bridge Structures.
www.fyfeasia.com
82
Bridge Project, Antique - Philippines
Asian Development Bank

Project.
- Series of 19 bridges
strengthened and retrofit for
increase in traffic loads
www.fyfeasia.com
Bridge Project, Antique - Philippines

Flexural and Shear
Asian Development Bank Strengthening
Project:
Strengthened Bridges
Balabago Bridge
Cairawan Bridge
www.fyfeasia.com
83
Philippines
Sabang Bridge - Batangas

 Retrofit to bridge using Tyfo®.
www.fyfeasia.com
Philippines
Magallanes Interchange - DPWH
• Strengthening of interchange Spans with TYFO Systems

www.fyfeasia.com
84
Philippine
Magallanes Interchange - DPWH
• Works in progress.
www.fyfeasia.com
Philippine Bridge Projects

More that 240 Bridges Completed
Aslonge Bridge Batang Bridge Pamuki Bridge Pawili Bridge
Sta. Domingo Bridge Calao Bridge Jaros Bridge Bagos Bridge
www.fyfeasia.com
85
Indonesia
Jembatan KM53, Indonesia
www.fyfeasia.com
Indonesia
Yos Sudarso Flyover, Medan Indonesia

 Retrofit to flyover girders using Tyfo®.
www.fyfeasia.com
86
Indonesia
Flyover@Bandara Sepinggan, Balikpapan East Kalimantan
 Strengthening works in progress using Tyfo®
www.fyfeasia.com
Indonesia
Flyover@Bandara Sepinggan, Balikpapan East Kalimantan
 Strengthening works in progress using Tyfo®
www.fyfeasia.com
87
Indonesia – Over 150 Bridges Completed
Yos Sudarso Flyover, Tanah Abang Railway Bau Bau Bridge,

Medan Bridge, Serpong South Sulawesi
Sengkang Bridge Series, Flores Bridge Series, Noel Mina Bridge,

South Sulawesi Kupang Kupang
www.fyfeasia.com
STRENGTHENING OF BRIDGES and FLYOVERS IN SINGAPORE
Marine Parade
Laguna Flyover Paya Lebar Flyover Tampines Flyover Jalan Samulun Bridge
Flyover
Upper Changi Bedok North Flyover Toa Payoh Lor 6 Tenah Merah Flyover2 Tenah Merah Flyover1
Flyover
Eunos Jurong East Ave 1 Bridge at CTE across Marymount Bridge Bishan Bridge Blk
Bridge Whampo River 218
www.fyfeasia.com
88
Vietnam
Nation-wide Upgrading of Vehicular Bridges along various National
Highways - COMPLETED
Guot Bridge, Yen Bai Gian Khau Bridge, Ninh Binh Trang Bridge, Nam O Bridge, Danang
Trinh Xa Bridge, Mac Bridge, Yen Bai Lu Bridge, Yen Bai Lu II Bridge, Yen Bai
www.fyfeasia.com
Vietnam – Over 250 Bridges Completed

Nation-wide Upgrading of Vehicular Bridges along various
National Highways
Ngoi Cha Bridge, Yen Bai Ngoi Chi Bridge, Yen Bai Ngoi Duong Bridge, Yen Bai Ngoi Khang Bridge, Yen Bai
Rong Dai Bridge, Hoa Binh To Mau Bridge, Yen Bai Ngoi Thuong Bridge, Yen Bai Ngoi Van, Yen Bai
www.fyfeasia.com
89
TYFO® Applications
MARINE STRUCTURES
www.fyfeasia.com
Chart House, Redondo Beach, CA, USA

Strengthening and protection
of sea front house
Before
www.fyfeasia.com
90
Chart house, Redondo Beach, CA, USA
Inspection after 10 years – No Corrosion!
www.fyfeasia.com
Hermosa Pier, Near L.A. Airport

Seismic strengthening and corrosion protection to
concrete piles.
www.fyfeasia.com
91
Jurong Pier, Singapore
Strengthening and Corrosion Protection to Pier Columns
Severely damaged
RC column due to
corroded rebars
www.fyfeasia.com
Jurong Pier, Singapore

1 2 3
4 1. Reinstated column.
2. Prime column with wet
apply TYFO SW Epoxy.
3. Installing the TYFO
Composite.
4. Strengthened column.
www.fyfeasia.com
92
Shekou Port, China
Corrosion Protection of steel
piles with the Composites
before erection
www.fyfeasia.com
Installation of Wrapped Piles
Philippine Port
• Port of Catbalogan City
• Jetty Retrofit with TYFO Systems
www.fyfeasia.com
93
Port, Manila-Philippines
Corrosion Protection to 200 Piles with FRPs
View of Jetty and Piles

before application of
the Composite System
www.fyfeasia.com
Corrosion Protection to 200 Piles with FRPs
Saturation of Fabric Lowering saturated fabric to divers
Application by divers Completed Pile

www.fyfeasia.com
94
Port in Manila-Philippines
Corrosion Protection and Strengthening to Corrugated Steel
Piles with the Composite System
• Surface preparation of steel • Completed Pile after the

• View of corroded
surface prior to fabric application of the
corrugated steel piles.
application. Composite System
www.fyfeasia.com
Philippine Port of Cagayan De Oro

Underwater application to 140 Piles with the Underwater FRP
System up to a depth of 15 metres.
• Project site
• View of wharf www.fyfeasia.com

95
• Typical pile prior to cleaning of marine organisms and rust removal

www.fyfeasia.com
• After cleaning and ready for composite application

www.fyfeasia.com
96
• Saturation of Composite fabric

with TYFO SW underwater
epoxy
• Inspection after application
www.fyfeasia.com
PT. PENI – Jetty, Cilegon - Indonesia
Repair and Protection with Tyfo®

www.fyfeasia.com
97
Repair and Protection with Tyfo®
Existing condition of
Installation
Removal ofofTyfo®
existing
concrete-encased steel
concrete
piles
www.fyfeasia.com
MOORING DOLPHIN, BRUNEI

STRUCTURAL RETROFIT WITH TYFO® FIBRWRAP® SYSTEM
Application of TYFO® FIBRWRAP® SYSTEM

to Steel and Concrete Piles .
www.fyfeasia.com
98
Sinhyun Bridge-South Korea
Corrosion Protection and Strengthening to RC Bridge Piers
with the TYFO® System
• View of bridge piers before repair and • Completed Pile after the
strengthening application of the Composite.
www.fyfeasia.com
REPAIRING & PROTECTION OF PORT & JETTY

WITH TYFO® FIBRWRAP® SYSTEM
Marine Jetty,
Jurong,
SINGAPORE
Changi PSA Pasir Panjang Terminal Spun Pile,

Naval Base, SINGAPORE
SINGAPORE
Jurong Port,
SINGAPORE
Marina Bay, SINGAPORE

www.fyfeasia.com
99
TYFO® Applications
SILOS, TANKS, CHIMNEYS
www.fyfeasia.com
CEMENT SILO, TIBET

STRUCTURAL STRENGTHENING WITH TYFO® FIBRWRAP® SYSTEM
Installation of TYFO® FIBRWRAP® SYSTEM to Cement Silo.
www.fyfeasia.com
100
Water Tanks: Fort Lewis, USA
Strengthening of RC water tanks to contain hoop
stresses and prevent leaching at construction joints
www.fyfeasia.com
MAYNILAD WATER, MANILA, PHILIPPINES

REHABILITATION OF LEAKING CONCRETE WATER RESERVOIR WITH TYFO®
FIBRWRAP® SYSTEM
Application of TYFO® FIBRWRAP® SYSTEM to Water Tank – Internal Lining.

www.fyfeasia.com
101
Alamo Chimney Retrofit, USA
Rehabilitation of RC chimneys subjected to environmental degradation
www.fyfeasia.com
WATER TANK TOWER - MALAYSIA

Application of TYFO® FIBRWRAP® SYSTEM to Beams.
www.fyfeasia.com
102
India : Seismic Strengthening of Cryogenic Tank
Structure was damaged after massive Earthquake in

Gujarat, India
www.fyfeasia.com
India Oil Corporation, Chennai

Corrosion Protection to Steel Pipelines using Tyfo®
Installation of Tyfo® to steel pipelines

www.fyfeasia.com
Copyright of Aegion Corporation www.fyfeasia.com
103
Formosa Cement Silo, Taiwan
Strengthening due to inadequacy of hoop reinforcement
Strengthening in
progress
Vertical cracks in silo wall

www.fyfeasia.com
TYFO® Applications
PIPES & OTHERS
www.fyfeasia.com
104
Pipe Strengthening, Manila-Philippines
Strengthening of corroded / leaking water pipes
Corroded Pipes
Application
works and
inspection
after
completion
www.fyfeasia.com
Rhode Island Aqueduct , USA
• Fresh water RC Aqueduct in

need of strengthening due to
age, errosion and corosion.
www.fyfeasia.com
105
Fabric Saturator used for

Proper and Speedy Saturation
of Composite Fabric.
www.fyfeasia.com
Surface Preparation of RC Pipe

www.fyfeasia.com
106
Application of the TYFO® Composite

www.fyfeasia.com
Inspection after Curing

www.fyfeasia.com
107
Nuclear Power Station, USA
Strengtnening of critical water

intake RC pipes with TYFO®
Fibrwrap®.
www.fyfeasia.com
TYPES OF STRENGTHENING
THANK YOU
108

TYFO System Presentation - Introduction To FRP Strengthening - 2017

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

TYFO System Presentation - Introduction To FRP Strengthening - 2017

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Structural Upgrade and Strengthening with the

TYFO® Fibrwrap® Composite Systems

Presented by: Rustom Jamaji – Sr. Vice President

FYFE ASIA FYFE EUROPE FYFE FYFE MID. EAST

Fyfe Japan Co., Ltd.

FYFE Hong Kong Ltd

FRP-Tech (India) Pvt

Fyfe Borneo Sdn Bhd

Fibrwrap Construction Pte Ltd

Technologie & Art Pte Ltd

Why is Strengthening Required?

3. Distress in the Service Stage

• Concrete jacketing method

Conventional Strengthening Methods

(… using space age materials - FRP Systems)

Brief History – FYFE Company

Buildings Jetties & Wharves

• The Tyfo® Fibrwrap® Composite Systems are

• These tested combination of High Strength

• Tested Composite Properties of fibres and

Common Types of TYFO® FRP for Strengthening

Wet lay-up Pre-cured

 Two Families of FRP rebars

Composite Properties of TYFO® FRP

GLASS ARAMID CARBON

COMPOSITE Glass-System Aramid-System Carbon-System

* Mild Steel only 240 - 276 MPa

But can carry a load of 1523 kg !!

That is more than the weight

Advantages of Strengthening with FRP Systems

• Increases bending strength of flexural elements.

Key features of a good FRP system

#1 Low viscosity epoxy to penetrate micro-cavities in

Anchoring into concrete

#2 Single epoxy system as Primer & Saturant to ensure

Key features of a good FRP system

#3 Low viscosity epoxy as Saturant to ensure complete

FRPs are easy to install but must be

Repair Concrete Substrate Epoxy to cracks > 0.30mm

Corner rounded to radius 20mm – 35mm as specified

Complete Surface Preparation

Prime surface with Epoxy

Workmanship & Installation Guidelines

Evaluation, Acceptance & Selection Criteria

Untested combinations of fibres and resins could yield an

Any FRP systems considered for use should have sufficient

Qualification of Proprietary FRP Systems

#1. … independent laboratory test data of the FRP-

#2. … structural test data for the type of application being

#3. … durability data representative of the anticipated

Mechanical properties of FRP systems should be

… sufficient laboratory testing to measure the repeatability

Qualification of Proprietary FRP Systems

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion D696

Glass Transition Temperature (Min. 140 deg. F) D4065

Volume fraction D3171/D2548

Direct tension pull-off D4551

Ultimate Tensile Strength D3039

Tensile Modulus D3039

Lap Shear Strength D3165/D3528

Environmental Durability Testing

When available, durability test data for FRP systems… may

Environmental Durability Testing