Report on:

Environmental Awareness, Pollution Control and

Beautification

PRESENTED BY :

NEELAMBER KUMAR
VICKY KUMAR
SUBHAJIT
PIYASI
SHINAN RAYCHOWDHURY

Computer Science Engineering Dept., Ist Year

October 2017

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 Preface & Acknowledgement

In this project report, we studied and analyzed present scenario of

environmental pollution, awareness and scope of beautification and
conservation going hand-in-hand. The experience was a very rich one.
We got to know about the reality at the grassroots level and we were able
to identify the problems through which we identified problems and
studied about industry and non-industry practices to curb and control
environmental pollution.

We would like to thank our teacher for giving us the opportunity to work
on this project. Without your guidance and support this project would
not have been possible. Further we would like to thank our colleagues
for sharing their ideas which helped us in advancing with the project.

Lastly Sincere gratitude to the Future Institute of Technology for

inclusion of such ground level projects and learning opportunities.

Table of Contents

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 CONTENT PAGE NO
AIR POLLUTION
CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION
6
FUNDAMENTALS OF PREVENTION
AND CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION 7
METHODS OF CONTROLLING
GASEOUS POLLUTANTS

WATER POLLUTION
WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION AND 9
CONTROL:

SOURCES 9
PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
WATER POLLUTION
10
LAND POLLUTION
PRACTICES TO CONTROL LAND 11
POLLUTION

ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGAGEMENT-
AREA BEAUTIFICATION

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING 14

BENEFITS OF ENVIRONMENTAL 15
PLANNING

HOW TO PLAN FOR A HEALTHY 15

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 COMMUNITY
IDEAS TO IMPROVE THE 18
COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENT

THE ROLE OF COLOUR IN 19

ENVIRONMENTAL
BEAUTIFICATION

NEED FOR PLANTATION

AWARENESS

HPPI’S TREE PLANTATION

PROGRAM
20

Ways to spread awareness

among people regarding 21
plantation

BIBLIOGRAPHY & 30
REFERENCES

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
CONTROL MEASURES
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Why do we need to conserve our environment?

No other planet has temperatures like Earth that are not too hot and not
too cold. Also, no other planet has water like Earth has. Scientists have
found that other planets have ice but no liquid water. Finally, Earth has the
right mix of chemicals that are required for life.

It is the only planet that has an atmosphere containing 21 percent oxygen.

It is the only planet that has liquid water on its surface. It is the only planet
in the solar system that has life. The Earth is the only inner planet
(Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars) to have one large satellite, the Moon.

Earth has a breathable atmosphere. Oxygen is the gas that is required for
the life of most creatures. This is present in Earth's atmosphere and also in
water. ... This is a poisonous gas which makes up most of the atmosphere
of planets like Venus and Mars and makes them unable to support human
life.

Causes of Air pollution

1. Burning of Fossil Fuels: Sulfur dioxide emitted from the combustion of fossil fuels
like coal, petroleum and other factory combustibles is one the major cause of air pollution.
Pollution emitting from vehicles including trucks, jeeps, cars, trains, airplanes cause
immense amount of pollution. We rely on them to fulfill our daily basic needs of
transportation. But, there overuse is killing our environment as dangerous gases are

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polluting the environment. Carbon Monooxide caused by improper or incomplete
combustion and generally emitted from vehicles is another major pollutant along with
Nitrogen Oxides, that is produced from both natural and man made processes.

2. Agricultural activities: Ammonia is a very common by product from agriculture

related activities and is one of the most hazardous gases in the atmosphere. Use of
insecticides, pesticides and fertilizers in agricultural activities has grown quite a lot. They
emit harmful chemicals into the air and can also cause water pollution.

3. Exhaust from factories and industries: Manufacturing industries release large amount
of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, organic compounds, and chemicals into the air
thereby depleting the quality of air. Manufacturing industries can be found at every corner
of the earth and there is no area that has not been affected by it. Petroleum refineries also
release hydrocarbons and various other chemicals that pollute the air and also cause land
pollution.

4. Mining operations: Mining is a process wherein minerals below the earth are extracted
using large equipments. During the process dust and chemicals are released in the air
causing massive air pollution. This is one of the reason which is responsible for the
deteriorating health conditions of workers and nearby residents.

5. Indoor air pollution: Household cleaning products, painting supplies emit toxic
chemicals in the air and cause air pollution. Have you ever noticed that once you paint
walls of your house, it creates some sort of smell which makes it literally impossible for
you to breathe.

Fundamentals of prevention and control of air pollution:

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As mentioned above, air pollutants can be gaseous or particulate matters. Different
techniques for controlling these pollutants are discussed below:

Methods of controlling gaseous pollutants –

1. Combustion – This technique is used when the pollutants are in the form of organic
gases or vapors. During flame combustion or catalytic process, these organic pollutants
are converted into water vapor and relatively less harmful products, such as CO2.

2. Absorption – In this technique, the gaseous effluents are passed through scrubbers or
absorbers. These contain a suitable liquid absorbent, which removes or modifies one or
more of the pollutants present in the gaseous effluents.

3. Adsorption – The gaseous effluents are passed through porous solid adsorbents kept in
suitable containers. The organic and inorganic constituents of the effluent gases are
trapped at the interface of the solid adsorbent by physical adsorbent.

At Home:
1. Avoid using chemical pesticides or fertilizers in your yard and garden. Many
fertilizers are a source of nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas that contributes to global
warming. Try organic products instead

2. Compost your yard waste instead of burning it. Outdoor burning is not advisable, as it

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pollutes air. Breathing this smoke is bad for you, your family and your neighbors. Plus,
you can use the compost in your garden.

3. If you use a wood stove or fireplace to heat your home, it would be better to consider
switching to another form of heat which does not generate smoke. It is always better to
use sweater or warm clothing than using fireplace.

On the Road:
 Keep your vehicle well maintained. A poorly maintained engine both creates more
air pollution and uses more fuel. Replace oil and air filters regularly, and keep
your tires properly inflated.
 Drive less. Walking, bicycling, riding the bus, or working from home can save you
money as

Water pollution prevention and control:

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Water is a key resource for our quality of life. It also provides natural habitats and eco-
systems for plant and animal species. Access to clean water for drinking and sanitary
purposes is a precondition for human health and well-being. Clean unpolluted water is
essential for our ecosystems. Plants and animals in lakes, rivers and seas react to changes
in their environment caused by changes in chemical water quality and physical
disturbance of their habitat.

Sources of Water Pollution

Sources of water pollution are generally divided into two categories. The first is point-
source pollution, in which contaminants are discharged from a discrete location. Sewage
outfalls and oil spills are examples of point-source pollution. The second category is
non-point-source or diffuses pollution, referring to all of the other discharges that deliver
contaminants to water bodies.

Prevention and Control of Water Pollution -

Sewage should be treated before it is discharged into the river or ocean. This is possible

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through modern techniques. Groundwater-pollution

Sewage is first passed through a grinding mechanism. This is then passed through
several settling chambers and neutralized with lime. Up to this stage, the process is
called primary treatment. The sewage still contains a large number of pathogenic and
non-pathogenic organisms, and also sufficient quantity of organic matter. The neutralized
effluents are sent to UASB (up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket). It is a reactor. In this, the
anaerobic bacteria degrade the biodegradable material present in the waste water. This
removes foul odor and releases methane, which can be used elsewhere. In this system,
the pollution load is reduced upto 85 percent. After this, water is sent to aeration tanks
where it is mixed with air and bacteria. Bacteria digest the organic waste material. This
is called biological or secondary treatment. Even after the treatment, water is not yet fit
for drinking. The harmful microorganisms need to be killed. The final step (tertiary
treatment) is, therefore, a disinfection process, to remove final traces of organics,
bacteria, dissolved inorganic solids, etc. For tertiary treatment, methods, such as
chlorination, evaporation, and exchange absorption may be employed. These depend
upon the required quality of the final treatment.

Apart from the above, we should also adopt the following practices:

(i) Waste food material, paper, decaying vegetables and plastics should not be thrown
into open drains.

(ii) Effluents from distilleries, and solid wastes containing organic matter should be sent
to biogas plants for generation of energy.

(iii) Oil slicks should be skimmed off from the surface with suction device. Sawdust may
be spread over oil slicks to absorb the oil components.

LAND POLLUTION

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Land pollution is the deterioration (destruction) of the earth’s land surfaces, often
directly or indirectly as a result of man’s activities and their misuse of land resources.

It occurs when waste is not disposed of properly, or can occur when humans throw
chemicals onto the soil in the form of pesticides, insecticides and fertilizers during
agricultural practices. Exploitation of minerals (mining activities) has also contributed to
the destruction of the earth’s surface.

Practices to control land pollution

Ways to reduce land pollution in the home:
1.Buy biodegradable products.

2.Store all liquid chemicals and waste in spill-proof containers.

3.Eat organic foods that are grown without pesticides. ...

4.Don't use pesticides if you can.

5.Use a drip tray to collect engine oil.

6.Buy products that have little packaging.

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 Recycling :Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new
materials and objects
 Reusing : Reuse is the action or practice of using something again, whether for
its original purpose (conventional reuse) or to fulfil a different function
 Waste minimisation :Waste minimisation is a process of elimination that
involves reducing the amount of waste produced in society and helps to eliminate
the generation of harmful and persistent wastes, supporting the efforts to promote
a more sustainable society
 Mitigating: Environmental mitigation, compensatory mitigation, or
mitigation banking, are terms used primarily by the United States
government and the related environmental industry to describe projects
or programs intended to offset known impacts to an existing historic or
natural resource such as a stream, wetland, endangered species,
archeological site or historic structure.
 Preventing :Pollution prevention reduces the amount of pollution generated by
industry, agriculture, or consumers.
 Compost : Compost is organic matter that has been decomposed and recycled as
a fertilizer and soil amendment. Compost is a key ingredient in organic farming.it

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should be used .

Environmental Management
Area beautification

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 It is important for people's good health that the community they live in is not only
clean and free from rubbish, but that it is a comfortable and pleasant place in other
ways. There is a greater chance of achieving these things if people plan the
community layout before building starts. People should give a lot of thought to:

 where buildings and other facilities should be located

 what the buildings and their surroundings will look like

Environmental planning
A good community plan provides for:

 areas such as roadside reserves, playgrounds, gardens and parks which can
be made more attractive by planting trees, shrubs and grass
 plenty of good places to play and exercise
 shady places in which to sit and talk
 shops, public toilets, health centres and other important facilities which are
easy to reach
 roads, footpaths and street lighting which allow people to get around the
community easily and safely
 water and power supplies to every house and public facility
 sewage and rubbish disposal systems which will meet the community's
requirements
 placing houses so that people have privacy but can mix easily with
neighbours if they wish
Some of these facilities, such as rubbish tips, bores and sewage ponds require
special consideration when finding a place to put them.

Benefits of environmental planning

For people who live in a well planned community, the benefits can be very great,
particularly if the community:

 looks after the buildings and facilities

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 makes sure that water and power supplies and hygiene systems operate
properly
These benefits can include:
 a clean and healthy environment
 a nice, pleasant place in which to live
 plenty of places to play and exercise
 healthier people
 people living longer
 people feeling happy

How to plan for a healthy community

Australian cities, towns and some Indigenous communities have a town plan. A
town plan is like a map. It is a document which sets out where all the buildings,
roads and facilities are to be located. It may also set out where and what kind of
sewage and rubbish disposal systems are to be built, the width of the roads, the size
of the playing fields, parks and gardens and so on.

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 Fig. : An example of a community town plan.

These plans are usually prepared by a government department or local authority

which has the power to make sure that people who live in the city, town or
community follow the plan. This means that people cannot just put any kind of
building anywhere they like. For example, they can only build a house in a place
which has been specially set aside for housing.

Town plans are usually prepared before a town or community is built. When the
town planning authority decides that a city, town or community needs to be
changed, a new plan for the area will be drawn up. The local planning authority
may also be able to assist.

Changes to cities, towns and communities usually come about because people see
that there are better ways of doing things. For example:

 people may find that the road layout is dangerous and is causing a lot of
accidents and needs to be changed
 a lot of people in the community may want a swimming pool or playing field
 health authorities may want to have the rubbish tip shifted because it is too
close to some buildings
When town planning authorities produce a new town plan, they usually ask people
living in the town, city or community to look at it and give their opinions as to
whether or not they are happy with it. When people do not agree with it, it is often
changed to meet their needs.

If people in Indigenous communities think that their community needs changing,

they should decide among themselves what changes they need. When they do this
they might decide that:

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 the community needs one or more new buildings, such as a preschool centre,
a community centre, public toilets or a new community health centre
 some buildings would be better in other places. For example, moving a
building away from the river to prevent damage during floods, or relocating
communal toilets so that they are easier to reach
 the community needs to be a more beautiful place, by doing things like
planting more trees, making a park or putting in place better systems for managing
rubbish
 the community needs a new sewage system
They should then discuss the changes they think need to be made with the
appropriate town planning authority. It would probably be best to discuss any
changes to rubbish and sewage disposal systems and water supplies with the local
EHO or the state or territory government department who can advise on what
action needs to be taken.

Ideas to improve the community environment

There are many changes which can be made to a community to make it a much
more pleasant place to live in. The community should make its own list of
priorities.

Here are some suggestions:

 build children's playgrounds
 make sportsfields
 provide BBQ areas
 plant trees and grass or ground cover for shade and dust control in the
community
 paint houses and fences
 organise community clean-ups
 provide park benches
It is important to take steps to beautify a community and make it a more pleasant
place. For example, planting more trees and taking care of existing ones makes a
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community a more pleasant place to be in. Everyone likes to be able to sit in the
shade of a big tree. Trees around a house can help to keep it cool and they look
good. Trees are also important because they give out oxygen which people and
other animals need to survive.

Gardens are not just for flowers. They can also be for growing vegetables and fruit.
The roots of plants help hold the soil in place during floods and strong winds.

If there is grass or ground cover it can provide a good place to sit or rest. Children
can play on the grass or meetings can be held there. Grassed areas are good for
playing on too. Sports such as basketball, football, softball and netball can be
played there. Ground covers also help to control dust in the community.

The Role of Colour in Environmental Beautification

Outdoor beautification and varied spatial positions and sensations of

colours in the built environment create visual contrasts which contribute
to urban aesthetic development. The perception of the dynamics of
colours and their “chroma value” can have a considerable effect on the
character of an environment. Colour in an urban environment is a
function of the paint and other coverings used, and it is the effect of the
surface colour that results, which is explored in this paper. To understand
urban aesthetics the interaction and interdependence of the complex
environment need to be considered separately.

The physical environment, the biological environment and the socio-

cultural environment each make their contribution to the whole. Trying
to beautify an environment is a complex problem which can be helped
by legislation but this must be underpinned by education which can aid
compliance. Nigeria is a multi-cultural society the various elements of

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which see and use colour differently from each other.

It is the role of designers to lead builders, and help in the education of

the disparate city dwellers, with the aim of producing an environment
aesthetically pleasing to all. Nothing should be excluded from
consideration whether sculptural decoration or the humble streetlight.

Need For Plantation Awareness

Globally, forest cover is one-third less than what it once was and global
deforestation continues at 13 million hectares per year. This indiscriminate felling
of trees threatens the environmental health and sustainability of communities in
rural and urban milieu. Social forestry needs to be undertaken on a large scale to
reverse the ill effects of deforestation and restore the ecological balance. It will
also contribute towards creating a carbon sink and increasing green cover.

Humana people to people tree plantation

program
HPPI’s Tree Plantation Program is a response to the substantial climate change and
sustainability challenges, like water supply and biodiversity loss. Through
proactive environmental advocacy, the program has catalysed tree plantation across
HPPI projects in Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh (M.P.), Uttar Pradesh
(U.P.) and Bihar. It strongly encourages the plantation of indigenous trees and
plants that are advantageous to the local ecosystem.

Through effective implementation of the program, HPPI has made successful

environmental inroads into the local communities, government forest offices, and
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government and state run educational institutes. Government authorities joined
forces with the people and provided several thousand trees free of cost or at highly
subsidised rates. Since plantation needs the advent of monsoon, the nurseries are
prepped from the beginning of the year with the help of farmers in Farmers’ Clubs,
women in Microfinance, self-help-groups and other locals in various districts
ensuring that the progress made is steady and sustainable.

Due to the tremendous response from local individuals and communities, Tree
Plantation Program has successfully planted more than 1 million trees in the last
two years, across 62 projects in 6 states of India. More than 2,00,000 people
benefitted from their own active participation in sowing and caring of saplings.
The program aims to ensure dual action of planting the tree and fostering
environmental stewardship. This encourages people to care for and take ownership
of the trees planted by them

SOME WAYS TO SPREAD AWARENESS AMONG

PEOPLE REGARDING PLANTATION
COMMUNITY AS A WHOLE:
1. Sapling distribution/sales outlets should be newly opened or established at
already opened nurseries in the city to provide saplings most-fit for plantation in
the area at subsidized rates.

2. Other accessories including soil, organic fertilizer, shovel, water sprinkler, tree
fence etc should also be provided on subsidized rates.

3. Massive publicity of location of these spots should be made to let people know
where from they can buy plants and other accessories.

4. People should also be informed how long subsidy will be available.

10. Local political leaders of all political organizations should be taken into
confidence to make this campaign successful at grassroots level

11. All Religious leaders of the Area should be involved

12. All religious forums including Church, Temple, and Mosque should also be
contacted and their management should be convinced to plant trees around their
place of worship
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13. All types of spiritual leaders and spiritual healers should also be asked to
cooperate in effective launch of this campaign.

14. All charities should also be appealed to plant trees within their buildings and
also around them if possible and also dole out a sapling with charity to deserving
people.

15. Culture of tree plantation should be promoted in different cultures living in the
city

16. Giving the gift of sapling on birthdays should be promoted at the grassroots
level with the help of opinion leaders

ADMINISTRATION
5. Each office of administration of the area must be made bound to offer full
support during the tree plantation campaign. This can be done with an
administrative order.

6. A central management committee should be formed to supervise the campaign in

which all representatives of different communities should be made members.

7. A task force should be established to run the tree plantation campaign under the
directives of central management committee. In this task force those people should
be involved who can work on ground to make this campaign successful.

8. Subsidiary committees should also be set up to mobilize the local communities

to participate in the campaign

9. Quantified target of the campaign should be set and publicized at a wider scale
on commercial basis or with the help of tips given below to let people know how
many saplings are to be planted minimum under this campaign.

NGOS
17. Various registration authorities of NGOs should be first assigned to pick the
best NGOs of each area to participate in tree plantation campaign

18. NGOs of each area should be called and a representative of registration

authority mobilize them to full participate in the drive

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19. On their consenting each NGO should be assigned the task to plant trees in a
specified area under the guidance of Task Force

20. NGOs should also be motivated to go to the communities at the grassroots level
to motivate people plant more and more trees

21. NGOs should be trained to convince people to plant trees on self-help basis
without expecting any help from anywhere. This will promote the sense of
ownership in them and they will look after each sapling till it becomes a tree

MEDIA
22. Efforts should be made to link tree plantation with brands of media to involve
them in this campaign

23. A few leading media houses should be made partner in this campaign to
motivate others to join this noble cause

24. Media houses should be requested to put tree plantation message in maximum
number in their different types of programs

25. Directors, producers and anchors should be fully briefed on the campaign with
the request to them for publicity in their programs

26. Meetings should be made with newspaper editors, owners and administrators to
join this campaign by planting trees within their organizations and also promote it

27. Massive coverage of the campaign should also be made in all media including
newspapers, magazines, TV news bulletin

28. Radio especially FM channels may be requested to on-air message on tree

plantation for the public awareness of their listeners

29. In quiz shows a gift of sapling should also be tagged with regular prize to
promote the habit of planting trees

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GOVERNMENT
30. The highest boss of the government should be requested to issue an order to all
subordinate offices to plant trees in the premises of their buildings

31. Meeting should be held with top bosses of the government to motivate people
around them to plant trees and save their environment

32. Government should be pressurized to allocate more and more funds to plant
trees and help others plant trees in community areas

33. Government should also be asked to do research to point out plants most-fit for
the area

34. Government forestry experts should also be requested to guide the

communities how to plant a tree

35. Every government officer should be made bound to plant at least one tree in his
house, in community area or at the office

36. Government officers should be trained on importance of tree plantation and

how to plant trees and enjoy their benefits

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37. In every new construction at a government office, its contractor should be
made bound legally to plant maximum trees inside and around the new
construction

38. No approval of new construction should be granted unless the applicant

government department gives undertaking in writing to plant more and more trees
in it

FARMERS
39. Farmer organizations should be contacted to involve them in tree plantation
campaign

40. Farmers should be convinced to plant trees at their farming fields and leave no
free space idle

41. Incentives should be given to farmers to establish orchards also apart from
simply relying for livelihood on crops

42. In rural areas all free space must be used to plant trees wherever it is possible
and farmers should be motivated to join the drive for this purpose.

BUSINESSMEN
43. Businessmen should be requested to print tree plantation messages on their
brands and their packaging for public awareness

44. They should be appealed to donate more and more for the effective launch of
tree plantation campaign

45. They should be motivated to plant trees within the premises of their offices if
possible

46. Business associations should also be approached to plant trees in the premises
of their offices

47. They should be made aware not to make new construction without doing its
EIA (environmental impact assessment) and fully offset the cutting of trees by
planting several times more than they cut

48. Their staff should also be made aware to plant trees wherever it is possible

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SOCIAL MEDIA
49. A Facebook page should be created exclusively for the campaign and all FB
users of the area should be invited to join it
50. Regular updates of the campaign should be uploaded at the Facebook page

51. Several quotes highlighting the importance of trees should also be uploaded on
regular basis

52. A Campaign Board should also be created at Pinterest and same activities
should be done on it
53. A Twitter Account should also be opened and regular updates of campaign and
quotes on trees should be shared on it
54. The same activity should also be done at Google+ where a large number of
people regularly visit

55. A free blog at Tumblr should be created and regular update of the campaign
should be published on it

56. More and more photos of the campaign should be snapped to share them at
social media

57. Comments on other blogs of tree plantation, go green and environment should
be dropped to inform their readers about the campaign

58. In online social forums the introduction and regular updates of the campaign
should also be published on regular basis

59. Details of the campaign should be published at all the websites that publish
them for free

60. A free blog at Blogger should also be created to promote the campaign and
motivate others to join it
61. A documentary on importance of tree plantation should also be published at
online video channels like YouTube, Daily Motion, and Vimeo etc

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SCHOOLS
66. Students should be made the main force of this campaign
67. They may be asked to fill undertaking to at least plant one tree once in their life

68. They should be convinced to give saplings as gift to each other

69. They should be motivated to plant trees at their homes, schools and places
where they sit together

70. Each student should buy a coupon to bear the cost of one tree and host of the
campaign should plant that tree on behalf of that student

71. Five extra marks may be given if a student plant a sapling and grow it as tree in
one year

72. Stickers on tree plantation should be distributed among students to motive them

COLLEGES

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73. In colleges, students should be made caretaker of saplings to take care till they
become trees

74. Tee Shirts on tree plantation should be sold in colleges and their profit should
be spent to plant more and more trees

75. A tree plantation festival can also be arranged in a cluster of colleges

76. In girls colleges corner meetings should be held to convince girls plant trees at
their homes

UNIVERSITIES
77. Universities have more free space so especial efforts should be made to plant
more and more trees there

78. A separate project of tree plantation should be introduced in various social

sciences and natural sciences departments as part of their examination

79. The culture of sitting under trees should be promoted to make people habitual
of them

80. Instead of covered canteen open canteen under the shadow of trees should be
promoted more

HOUSEWIVES
81. Housewives can be approached through morning shows to participate in this
campaign

82. Housewives who live in flats should be trained through media on bucket
farming

83. They can also be trained to grow curry related herbs in small earthen pots
inside their homes and can also save money

84. At community level housewives can also motivate their men folk to participate
in this campaign

ENVIRONMENTAL JOURNALISTS
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90. They must be made main leaders of the campaign

91. The data base of their emails should be developed as top priority to involve
them in the drive

92. They should be updated on campaign regularly preferably daily at a specified

time

93. They should also be informed through phone of each component of the activity
daily

94. An SMS should also be sent to them hour before each program

INTELLECTUALS
95. Columnist should be requested to refer the campaign in their columns

96. Writers should also be appealed to speak in favor of campaign.

97. Poets should be requested to write a few verses on benefits of trees for their
publication in print media

98. Painters should make a painting to promote the campaign and display at
community centers

BIBLIOGRAPHY & REFERENCES

1. Wikipedia- The Free Encyclopedia

2. Times of India
3. Read And Digest
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4. Beautify Earth

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