WATER FORMS IN THE PHILPPINES
is regularly crossed by ferries that transport goods and
A. CHANNEL is the physical confine of a river, slough or
ocean strait consisting of a bed and banks.
 Babuyan Channel is surrounded by islands in the
northern part of the Philippines. The islands of Babuyan
can be seen in the Luzon Strait in the part of Batan
Island and Balintang Channel. The channel is
surrounded by Babuyan, Camiguin, Calayan, Fuga, and
Dalupiri islands.
 Balintang Channel is the small waterway that
separates the Batanes and Babuyan Islands, both of
which belong to the Philippines, in the Luzon Strait.
 Bashi Channel is a strait between the Y'Ami Island of
the Philippines and Orchid Island of Taiwan
 Canigao Channel is a body of water in the Philippines
that connects the Bohol Sea with the Camotes Sea. It
lies between Bohol and Leyte.
 Hilutangan Channel is a deep water channel that
separates Mactan Island from Olango Island.
 Jintotolo Channel (or Jintotolo Strait) is the body of
water that connects the Sibuyan Sea with the Visayan
Sea. It is located between the Philippine islands of
Panay and Masbate, and is an important shipping route
to and from the Central Visayas.
B. STRAIT is a narrow, navigable channel of water that
connects two larger navigable bodies of water. It most
commonly refers to a channel of water that lies between
two land masses, but it may also refer to a navigable
channel through a body of water that is otherwise not
navigable,
 Balabac Strait is a strait in the South China Sea,. It
separates the Balabac island (Palawan province),
Philippines from the islands north of Borneo that are a
part of Malaysia's Sabah state.
 Cebu Strait, sometimes called Bohol Strait, is a strait
in the Philippines that separates the island provinces of
Cebu and Bohol. The Cebu Strait connects the western
part of Bohol Sea with Camotes Sea, and is a major
sea-lane connecting Cebu City on its northern end with
port cities in the south such as Dumaguete City and
Cagayan de Oro City.
 Luzon Strait is an important strait connecting the
Philippine Sea, in the western Pacific, to the South
China Sea, between Taiwan and Luzon in the
Philippines.
 Mindoro Strait is a strait in the Philippines, separating
Mindoro island from Busuanga island (Calamian
Islands) of Palawan. Located within its waters is the
Apo Reef, the largest coral reef system in the
Philippines.
 San Bernardino Strait is a strait in the Philippines. It
separates the Bicol Peninsula of Luzon island from the
island of Samar in the south.
 San Juanico Strait is a narrow strait in the Philippines.
It separates the islands of Samar and Leyte.
 Surigao Strait is a body of water in the Philippines
located between the islands of Mindanao and Leyte.
This strait connects the Bohol Sea with Leyte Gulf and
people between Visayas and Mindanao.
 Tablas Strait is a strait in the Philippines. It separates
the Mindoro and Panay islands.
 Tañon Strait lies between the islands of Negros and
Cebu in the Philippines. The strait connects the Visayan
Sea to the Bohol Sea.
C. SEA generally refers to a large body of salt water, but
the term is used in other contexts as well. Most
commonly, the term refers to a large expanse of saline
water connected with an ocean, and is commonly used as
a synonym for ocean. It is also used sometimes to
describe a large saline lake that lacks a natural outlet,
 Bohol Sea, also called the Mindanao Sea, is located
between Visayas and Mindanao in the Philippines. It
lies south of Bohol and Leyte and north of Mindanao.
Siquijor and Camiguin are its two major islands.
 Camotes Sea is a small sea within the Philippine
archipelago, between the Eastern Visayas and the
Central Visayas. It is bordered by the islands of Leyte to
the north and east, Bohol to the south, and Cebu to the
west. The sea is connected to the Visayan Sea to the
northwest, and to the Bohol Sea to the south by the
Canigao Channel and Cebu Strait. It contains the
Camotes Islands and Mactan Island.
 Celebes Sea of the western Pacific Ocean is bordered
on the north by the Sulu Archipelago and Sulu Sea and
Mindanao Island of the Philippines, on the east by the
Sangihe Islands chain, on the south by Sulawesi, and
on the west by Kalimantan in Indonesia .
 Philippine Sea is a part of the western Pacific Ocean
bordered by the Philippines and Taiwan to the west,
Japan to the north, the Marianas to the east and Palau
to the south.
 Samar Sea is a small sea within the Philippine
archipelago, between the Eastern Visayas and Luzon.
 Sibuyan Sea is a small sea in the Philippines that
separates the Visayas from the northern Philippine
island of Luzon. It is bounded by the island of Panay to
the south, Mindoro to the west, and to the north the
Bicol Peninsula of Luzon island.
 Sulu Sea is a large sea in the southwestern area of the
Philippines. It is separated from the South China Sea in
the northwest by Palawan, and from the Celebes Sea in
the southeast by the Sulu Archipelago. Borneo is found
to the southwest and Visayas to the northeast.
 Visayan Sea is a small sea within the Philippine
archipelago, surrounded on three sides by the islands
of the Visayas. The Eastern Visayas and Western
Visayas lie to the east and west, while the Central
Visayas lie to the south. It is bounded on the north by
Masbate, on the east by Leyte, on the south by Cebu
and Negros, and on the west by Panay.
G. WATERFALL is a place where flowing water rapidly
drops in elevation as it flows over a steep region or a cliff.
 Daranak falls came from the phrase “Dadanak ang
dugo” its directly translated “the spilling of blood” It is
located at Bgy. Tandang Kutyo in the town of Tanay.
 Dodiongan Falls is a 20 metre (65 ft) high waterfall
located in Barangay Bonbonon, 14.5 km away from
Iligan City in Lanao del Norte province of the
Philippines.
 Limunsudan Falls is a two-tiered waterfalls located in
Barangay Rogongon, in the Province of Lanao del
Norte, 55 kilometers from Iligan City proper. It is said to
be the Philippines' highest waterfall
 Maria Cristina Falls is the second highest falls in the
Philippines. It is found on the island of Mindanao and is
the landmark of Iligan City. Known as the "Mother of
Industry" and "Fountainhead of Progress", this waterfall
is the primary source of electric power for the city's
industries and the whole Mindanao region,
 Abaga Falls is a waterfall and ecosystem located
approximately 15km southwest of Iligan City on the
island of Mindanao, Philippines.
 Mantayupan Falls is a waterfall in the Philippines. It is
located close to the east end of Carcar-Barili Road
where it connects to the national highway.
 Pagsanjan Falls (indigenous name: Magdapio Falls)
is one of the most famed waterfalls in the Philippines.
Their actual location is not in Pagsanjan at all but in the
adjacent town of Cavinti, Laguna
 Pulacan Falls is located in the town of Labangan,
12 km from Pagadian City. It covers an area of about
400 square meters. It is the source of water for the
Labangan irrigation system.
 Tinago Falls is a waterfall in Iligan City, Lanao del
Norte in the southern Philippine island of Mindanao. It is
one of the main tourist attractions in Iligan, a city known
as the City of Majestic Waterfalls.
 Tinuy-an Falls is a waterfall in Bislig City, Surigao del
Sur in the southern Philippine island of Mindanao.[1] It is
the main tourist attraction in Bislig, a city known as the
Booming city by the bay.
LANDFORMS IN THE PHILIPPINES
A. CAPE/HEADLAND/PENINSULA
A cape is a pointed pieces of land that extends out into a
sea, ocean, lake, or river.
A headland is a type of peninsula. It is a point of land,
usually high, that extends out into a body of water and
thus has water on three sides.
A peninsula is a piece of land that is surrounded by
water but connected to mainland via an isthmus.
 Cape Engaño is a cape at the northeasternmost point
of the island of Luzon in the Philippines.
 Cape San Agustin, Davao Oriental, Philippines
 Cape Bolinao, Bolinao province of Pangasinan
 Bataan Peninsula is a rocky extension of the
Zambales Mountains, on Luzon in the Philippines. It
separates the Manila Bay from the South China Sea.
 Bicol Peninsula is a peninsula of the Philippines. It is
located on Luzon Island and is part of Bicol Region.
 Caramoan Peninsula is a hilly peninsula, with deep
gorges and a rough, rocky terrain, located in north-east
Camarines Sur, Bicol.
 Bondoc Peninsula is a peninsula in Calabarzon
Region, southern part of Luzon island, Philippines
 San Ildefonso Peninsula is a peninsula in Central
Luzon, central part of Luzon island, Philippines
 Tinaca Point is a peninsula in southern Davao del Sur,
in the Philippines.
 Zamboanga Peninsula is both a peninsula and an
administrative region on that peninsula in the
Philippines.
B. MOUNTAIN RANGE is a chain of mountains bordered
by highlands or separated from other mountains by
passes or valleys.
 Caraballo Mountains is a mountain range in the
central part of Luzon, Philippines. It is located between
Cordillera Central and Sierra Madre mountain ranges
 Cordillera Central is a massive mountain range
situated in the northern central part of the island of
Luzon, in the Philippines.
 Kalatungan Mountain Range is a mountain range
located in the central portion of the province of
Bukidnon. It is one of the few areas in the province
covered with old growth or mossy forests.
 Kitanglad Mountain Range is a mountain range that
dominates the northern central portion of the province
of Bukidnon.
 Sierra Madre is a mountain range in the Philippines. It
is the longest in the country (about 210 mi) and runs the
north-eastern coast of Luzon island. It starts in the
province of Cagayan in the north and ends in Quezon in
the south, just east of Laguna de Bay.
C. MOUNTAIN is a large landform that stretches above
the surrounding land in a limited area usually in the form
of a peak.
 Mount Agad-Agad is a mountain Located in Iligan City,
Philippines
 Batorampon Point is the highest mountain in
Zamboanga City. It is also the highest mountain in the
westernmost point of the island of Mindanao in the
Philippines
 Mount Samat is a mountain in the Town of Pilar,
Province of Bataan, Republic of the Philippines that is
the site of the Dambana ng Kagitingan or "Shrine of
Valor".
 Mount Guiting-Guiting is a mountain located in the
heart of Sibuyan Island, one of the seven islands of
Romblon Province in the Philippines.
 Mount Mantalingajan or Mantalingahan is a mountain
in southern Palawan, Philippines, that forms the highest
part of the Mount Beaufort Ultramafics geological
region, a series of ultramafic outcrops of Eocene origin,
of which Mount Victoria forms the largest contiguous
land area. The peak of the mountain is the highest point
on Palawan.
 Mount Hamiguitan is a mountain located in the
province of Davao Oriental
 Mount Kabuyao is a mountain near Baguio City in
Benguet Province, Luzon, Philippines.
 Mount Lantoy is a 593-meter (1,945 feet) mountain
located 10 kilometers inland from the municipality of
Argao, Cebu in the Philippines
 Mount Mirador is situated right in the center of the
Quezon National Forest Park, in the town of Atimonan,
Quezon province. It is one of the highest peaks in the
park, as it is a part of the Sierra Madre mountain range.
 Mount Dulang-dulang one of the high elevation peaks
in the Kitanglad Mountain Range, located in the north
central portion of the province of Bukidnon in the island
of Mindanao. It is the second highest mountain of the
Philippines
 Mount Victoria, or Victoria Peak, is a mountain in
central Palawan, Philippines, that lies within the
administrative Municipality of Narra.
 Mount Nailog is one of the two prominent peaks of
Sibuyan Island, Philippines
 Mount Pangasugan is a mountain in the province of
Leyte in the Philippines located to the north of the town
of Baybay.
 Mount Pulag (or sometimes Mount Pulog) is the third
highest mountain in the Philippines.The borders
between the provinces of Benguet, Ifugao, and Nueva
Vizcaya meet at the mountain's peak.
 Mount Sembrano sits at the helm of Jalajala peninsula
near Laguna Lake in a way that the lake surrounds the
mountain on three sides
 Sleeping Beauty is a mountain in Kalinga province, the
Philippines. It is usually viewed from the west near
Tinglayan in the Chico River valley, but can also be
viewed from the east near Tanudan.
 Mount Sumagaya is a mountain on the northern part of
the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. It is under the
jurisdictional territory of the municipality of Claveria.
 Thumb Peak is a small mountain in central Palawan,
Philippines, and is the highest point in the Thumb
Range
 Mount Halcon, Oriental Mindoro is regarded to as the
toughest and meanest mountain in the Philippines
D. VOLCANO is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's
surface or crust, which allows hot magma, ash and gases
to escape from below the surface.
 Mount Isarog is a potentially active stratovolcano
located in the province of Camarines Sur, Island of
Luzon, Philippines.
 Mount Apo is a volcanic mountain which is located
between the provinces of Davao del Sur and North
Cotabato in Mindanao in the Philippines. The tallest
mountain in the Philippines,
 Mount Arayat is a potentially active stratovolcano on
Luzon Island, PhilippinesThe southern half of the
mountain lies within the municipality of Arayat,
Pampanga, while the north half and the mountain
summit lies within Magalang, Pampanga.
 Babuyan Claro is a volcano located in the Babuyan
Islands, an archipelago in the Luzon Strait north of
Luzon Island, in the Philippines. It is separated from
Luzon by the Babuyan Channel, and from the Batanes
Islands to the north by the Balintang Channel.
 It is in the province of Cagayan in the Cagayan Valley
Region.
 Balatukan is a massive potentially active compound
stratovolcano in the southern island of Mindanao,
Philippines.Balatukan is located halfway between
Cagayan de Oro City and Butuan City, on the north
coast of the island of Mindanao, in the province of
Misamis Oriental, in Northern Mindanao region of the
Philippines
 Mount Bulusan, or Bulusan Volcano, is the
southernmost volcano on Luzon Island in the
Philippines. It is found in the province of Sorsogon in
the Bicol region
 Biliran is a volcanic island in the central Philippines.
 Balut Sarangani, a potentially active volcano
constitutes a volcanic island located immediately south
of the southern tip of Mindanao Island in the
Philippines. It is the largest of the Sarangani Islands.
Balut Sarangani is located in the province of Davao del
Sur, in the region of Davao.
 Mount Banahaw (alternative spelling: Banáhao) is one
of the active volcanos in the Philippines. Part of a
volcanic group, it is located along the boundary of
Laguna and Quezon provinces, on the island of Luzon,
in the Philippines.
 Ambalatungan Group little is known of this bunch of
volcanoes in the cordillera, located in the northern part
of Luzon. It was described as consisting of three
volcanoes namely, Bumabag and Podakan.
Ambalatungan volcano has a steep-walled crater with
hot springs and vigorous sulfur-encrusted fumarolic
vents that produce noises.
 Cagua Volcano is located in northern Luzon island in
the Philippines. It is in the political jurisdiction of the
province of Cagayan in the Cagayan Valley region.
 Camiguin de Babuyanes is an active volcano on
Calayan Island, one of the Babuyan Islands, in the
Philippines. It is under the political jurisdiction of the
province of Cagayan in the admnistrative region of
Cagayan Valley.
 Binubulauan, is a remote stratovolcano, part of the
volcanic Cordillera Central mountain range.
Binubulauan is in the province of Kalinga, in the
Cordillera Administrative Region, one of the regions of
the Philippines, in the central north of the island of
Luzon, in the Philippines.
 Bud Dajo one of the active volcanos in the Philippines,
is located 8.05 aerial km southeast of the town of Jolo,
on the Philippine island of Jolo.
 Dequey (Undersea), is an unnamed submarine
volcano near Dequey island in the Philippines.
 Cuernos de Negros is a stratovolcano which is
potentially an active volcano located in Negros Oriental.
 Didicas Volcano is an active volcano in the Babuyan
Islands in the Philippines
 Mount Hibok-Hibok or Hibok-Hibok is a stratovolcano
on Camiguin Island in the Philippines
 Iraya, or Mount Iraya, is an active volcano on one of the
Batanes Islands in the province of Batanes in the
Philippines. It is the northernmost active volcano in the
Philippines.
 Mount Iriga, or Iriga Volcano, is an active volcano in
the province of Camarines Sur in the Philippines.
 Kalatungan also known as Catatungan. is the second
highest in the Philippines, with a summit elevation of
2,824m or 9,265 feet. An east-west trending volcanic
ridge from central Mindanao to east of the Lanao-
Bukidnon volcanic highlands was formed. last eruption,
not known.
 Kanla-on, variously referred to as Kanlaon Volcano
and Mount Kanla-on, is an active volcano in the
Philippines. A stratovolcano on Negros island, it
straddles the provinces of Negros Occidental and
Negros Oriental in the Visayas region
 Laguna Caldera is located southeast of Manila.
 Leonard Kniazeff is a stratovolcano located in the
Compostela Valley, within the province of Davao del
Norte, Island of Mindanao, Philippines.
 Mount Matutum is located in the province of South
Cotabato, on the island of Mindanao, in the south of the
Philippines,
 Makaturing, is a stratovolcano on Mindanao island in
the Philippines. It is found in the province of Lanao del
Sur (particularly in the town of Butig) in the Autonomous
Region in Muslim Mindanao
 Musuan Peak or Mount Musuan, also known as
Mount Calayo (literally "Fire Mountain") is an active
volcano on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. It
is 4.5 kilometres south of the city of Valencia, province
of Bukidnon, and 81 km southeast of Cagayan de Oro
City.
 Mayon Volcano, also known as Mount Mayon, is an
active stratovolcano in the province of Albay, in the
Bicol Region, on the island of Luzon, in the Philippines.
 Mount Parker, locally known as Melibengoy, is a
stratovolcano on Mindanao island in the Philippines. It
is located in the province of south Cotabato,
30 kilometers west of General Santos City and
44 kilometers south of Koronadal City.
REGION I - ILOCOS BATANES
Capital - Basco
ILOCOS NORTE
Capital - Laoag City CAGAYAN
Capital - Tuguegarao City
ILOCOS SUR
Capital - Vigan City ISABELA
Capital - Ilagan
LA UNION
Capital - San Fernando City NUEVA VIZCAYA
Capital - Bayombong
PANGASINAN
Capital - Lingayen QUIRINO
Capital - Cabarroguis
REGION II - CAGAYAN VALLEY REGION III - CENTRAL LUZON
 Mount Pinatubo is an active stratovolcano located on
the island of Luzon, at the intersection of the borders of
the Philippine provinces of Zambales, Tarlac, and
Pampanga.
 Taal Volcano is an active volcano on the island of
Luzon in the Philippines. This is located in Talisay and
San Nicolas in Batangas.
 Mount Ragang, also called Mount Piapayungan and
Blue Mountain by the local people, is a stratovolcano
on Mindanao island in the Philippines. It is the seventh
highest mountain in the Philippines.Mount Ragang is
located on the boundary of the provinces of Lanao del
Sur and Cotabato in the Autonomous Region in Muslim
Mindanao.
 Mount Kitanglad is an inactive volcano [3] located in the
Kitanglad Mountain Range in Bukidnon province on
Mindanao island. It is officially declared as the fourth
highest mountain in the PhilippinesIt is located between
Malaybalay City and the municipalities of Lantapan,
Impasug-ong, Sumilao, and Libona.
 Mount Labo, is a potentially active stratovolcano in the
province of Camarines Norte, in Region V, on Luzon
Island, in the Philippines. It is located at the northwest
end of the Bicol Peninsular
 Mount Makiling, also rarely Mount Maquiling, is a
potentially active volcano in Laguna province on the
island of Luzon, Philippines.
G. HILLS is a landform that extends above the
surrounding terrain. Hills often have a distinct summit,
although in areas with scarp/dip topography a hill may
refer to a particular section of flat terrain without a
massive summit
 Himontagon Hills are a group of hills located in Loay,
Bohol, Philippines, about 20 kilometers from the
Tagbilaran City.
 Chocolate Hills are an unusual geological formation
inTagbilaran, Bohol, Philippines
AURORA
Capital - Baler
BATAAN
Capital - Balanga City
BULACAN
Capital - Malolos City
PAMPANGA
Capital - San Fernando City
NUEVA ECIJA
Capital - Palayan City
 TARLAC AKLAN
Capital - Tarlac City Capital - Kalibo REGION X - NORTHERN MINDANAO

ZAMBALES ANTIQUE BUKIDNON

Capital - Iba Capital - San Jose Capital - Malaybalay City

REGION IV-A - CALABARZON CAPIZ CAMIGUIN

Capital - Roxas City Capital - Mambajao
BATANGAS
Capital - Batangas City GUIMARAS LANAO DEL NORTE
Capital - Jordan Capital - Tubod
CAVITE
Capital - Trece Martirez City ILOILO MISAMIS OCCIDENTAL
Capital - Iloilo City Capital - Oroquieta City
LAGUNA
Capital - Santa Cruz NEGROS OCCIDENTAL MISAMIS ORIENTAL
Capital - Bacolod City Capital - Cagayan de Oro City
QUEZON
Capital - Lucena City REGION VII - CENTRAL VISAYAS REGION XI - DAVAO

RIZAL BOHOL COMPOSTELA VALLEY

Capital - Antipolo City Capital - Tagbilaran City Capital - Nabunturan

REGION IV-B - MIMAROPA CEBU DAVAO DEL NORTE

MARINDUQUE
Capital - Boac
OCCIDENTAL MINDORO
Capital - Mamburao
ORIENTAL MINDORO
Capital - Calapan City
Capital - Cebu City
NEGROS ORIENTAL
Capital - Dumaguete City
SIQUIJOR
Capital - Siquijor
REGION VIII - EASTERN VISAYAS
Capital - Tagum City
DAVAO DEL SUR
Capital - Digos City
DAVAO ORIENTAL
Capital - City of Mati
REGION XII - SOCCSKSARGEN

PALAWAN BILIRAN COTABATO (NORTH COTABATO)

Capital - Puerto Princesa City Capital - Naval Capital - Kidapawan City

ROMBLON EASTERN SAMAR SARANGANI

Capital - Romblon Capital - Borongan City Capital - Alabel

REGION V - BICOL LEYTE SOUTH COTABATO

Capital - Tacloban City Capital - Koronadal City
ALBAY
Capital - Legazpi City NORTHERN SAMAR SULTAN KUDARAT
Capital - Catarman Capital - Isulan
CAMARINES NORTE
Capital - Daet SOUTHERN LEYTE REGION XIII - CARAGA
Capital - Maasin City
CAMARINES SUR AGUSAN DEL NORTE
Capital - Pili WESTERN SAMAR (SAMAR) Capital - Cabadbaran City
Capital - Catbalogan City
CATANDUANES AGUSAN DEL SUR
Capital - Virac REGION IX - ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA Capital - Prosperidad

MASBATE ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE DINAGAT ISLANDS

Capital - Masbate City
SORSOGON
Capital - Sorsogon City
REGION VI - WESTERN VISAYAS
Capital - Dipolog City
ZAMBOANGA DEL SUR
Capital - Pagadian City
ZAMBOANGA SIBUGAY
Capital - Ipil
Capital - San Jose
SURIGAO DEL NORTE
Capital - Surigao City
SURIGAO DEL SUR
Capital - Tandag City
ARMM REGION - AUTONOMOUS Capital - Lagawe
REGION IN MUSLIM MINDANAO TAWI-TAWI
Capital - Panglima Sugala KALINGA
BASILAN (Balimbing) Capital - Tabuk
Capital - Basilan
CAR REGION - CORDILLERA MT. PROVINCE
LANAO DEL SUR ADMINISTRATIVE REGION Capital - Bontoc
Capital - Marawi City
ABRA NCR REGION - NATIONAL CAPITAL
MAGUINDANAO Capital - Bangued REGION
Capital - Shariff Aguak (Maganoy)
APAYAO Cities: Kalookan, Las Pinas, Makati,
SHARIFF KABUNSUAN Capital - Kabugao Malabon, Mandaluyong, Manila,
Capital - Datu Odin Sinsuat Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas,
BENGUET Paranaque, Pasay, Pasig, Quezon City,
Capital - La Trinidad San Juan, Taguig, Valenzuela
SULU
Capital - Jolo IFUGAO Municipality: Pateros