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INSULATION

 Most cost-effective and energy-conserving measures.


 To prevent heat loss/gain and sound (into/out of something).

DUCT INSULATION

For Acoustics purpose:


 Sound control

For Thermal purposes:


 controlling heat gain or loss for energy efficiency.
 maintaining uniform heating or cooling throughout AHU
 Prevent condensation/straining/dripping/rusting (in duct)

1. TYPES OF DUCT INSULATION


 Internal insulation (Lining)
1. To prevent noise transmission and improve comfort.
2. for effective noise control.
Examples: (Glass wool slab faced with glass veil or fabric)

 External insulation. (Duct wrap and Duct slab)


1. Duct wrap – Lightweight /flexible (Aluminum foil)
2. Duct slab - Glass wool blanket with aluminum foil
PIPE INSULATION

 Hot insulation – operating temperature greater than 55c (To


prevent heat loss)
 Cold insulation – operating temperature lesser than ambient
temperature (To prevent heat gain)

AIR TERMINAL

 Present at the end of supply duct.


 Supply air enters into the room through GRD

GRILL

 Used in return and exhaust purposes


 Provided with vanes
 Air flow guide / without balancing

REGISTER

 Provided with Dampers behind it


 For Inlet purposes / Balancing

DIFFUSER

 Mix air supply with room air rapidly.


 With control / without control.
 Reducing velocity/ Increasing static pressure
LOUVERS & DAMPERS

 DAMPERS – Slotted angle / Movable


 LOUVER – Slotted angle / Stationary

DUCT ROUTING

 Comprised of channels, fittings e.t.c


 To segregate route between in and out
 Access requirement for damper adjustment and equipment servicing

CLEARANCE LEVEL

 To determine height dimensions


 Helps in selection of duct shape
 Minimum clearance between duct bottom and finished ceiling – At least 6
inches.

CHILLED WATER PIPING SYSTEM


INTRODUCTION

 Chilled Water systems contain and transport cool water throughout industrial
and commercial buildings, by means of distribution tunnels

STANDARDS

The Following standards used for Maintenance and Design of indoor


environmental conditions.
 ASHRAE – American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-
Conditioning Engineers
 ISHRAE - Indian Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning
Engineers
 IECC – International Energy Conservation Code
 DOE’S – Department of Energy’s

PIPE INSTALLATION

 Fabrication and Installation of process and utility piping, certified


standards, welding, setting equipment.

INSTALLATION OF CWP PROCEDURE

 Drill holes in ceiling for support/hangers.


 Cut pipes and prepare pipe end for joints.
 Threading should be done as per fittings/couplings.
(OR)
End preparation for weld joints
 After end preparation, clean the pipe ends.
 Install pipe section at heights as approved.
 Sleeves of suitable size provides as wall cross/openings.
 Install pipe connections with valves and other accessories.
 Fix blind plugs/ temporary valves on all drain, vent, pressure gauge
thermometer
 Check and ensure proper support.
 Before insulation, pressure testing and inspection is to be completed
off.

TYPES OF CHILLED PIPE

STEEL PIPE

- CARBON STEEL PIPE

 Accepted as a material for piping system in all mechanical codes.


 High tensile strength and internal pressure ratings.
 Low material cost.

- STAINLESS STEEL PIPE

 Reduce costs on flushing chemicals because its cleanliness and corrosion


resistant properties
 Used where high sediment levels due to poor water quality.

-COPPER PIPE

 Because of its high thermal conductivity, used on terminal units.

-PVC

 High thermal resistance (Reduce insulation cost)


 Acceptable in major model plumbing codes.

JOINING METHODS

-FLANGES

 Used where rapid field assembly and frequent disassembly.


 Used almost entirely above ground and should be checked periodically to
insure leak free systems
-THREADED

 Connection in which an internal threaded fitting and an external threaded


piece of pipe or other fitting are screwed together.

-WELDED

 Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) or Stick Welding.


 Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) or Metal Inert Gas (MIG) Welding
 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) or Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) Welding
or Heli arc

-GROOVED
 Two grooved pipe ends fitted with coupling made of pressure resistant
gasket (Sealing) and ductile iron housing to encapsulate and lock the
grooves.

HANGERS
-TEARDROP HANGER

 supports the pipe on a continuous strap of metal


 Used in variety of duct shape

-SADDLE HANGER
 to support steady vertical and horizontal piping or tubing.

-HAT HANGER
 Same as that of saddle hanger but hat at top for fittings in wall and ceilings.

-CABLE HANGERS
 Suspend the duct in a 'trapeze-like' hammock.
 For horizontal supporting.

-FAST LOCK HANGERS


CHILLER

 Unit that Removes heat / cools process fluid/ Dehumidifying air

WATER COOLED CHILLERS

 Disperse heat of refrigerant using Cooling tower.

AIR COOLED CHILLER

 Disperse heat of refrigerant using fans and normal air flow.

FAN COIL UNIT


 Heating and cooling coil heat exchanger
 Used only fresh air

AIR HANDLING UNIT

 Advanced one of FCU.


 Consisting of a blower, heating and cooling elements, filter racks or
chamber, dampers, humidifier, and other central equipment
 Used fresh air partly and partly return air.

FANS

 Produce pressure / Change in velocity of air passing.

AXIAL FAN

 High flow rates / low pressure


 Parallel to axis of flow

CENTRIFUGAL FAN (BLOWER)

 Low flow rates/ high pressure


 Perpendicular to axis of flow
EXHAUST FAN

 Used to balance amount of air exhaust with amount of air introduced inside.

RETURN FAN

 Used to balance the amount of air supplied with exhaust air removed from
space.

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