Microcontrollers

Ports of PIC 18F4455

Contents
• Available ports
• Port A
• Port B
• Port C
• Port D
• Port E

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Available Ports
• The number of ports that are available for the
programmer depends on the configuration of the PIC

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Port Registers
• The communication of each port is handled by a set of
three registers:
• LATx is an output data latch
• TRISx is the register that configures the direction of the port
• PORTx is the register that holds the I/O data
• LATx is used to speed up write and read operations
(read-modify-write)

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Multiplexed Ports
• All the ports of PIC18F4455 have I/O data operations
multiplexed with peripheral control
• If a peripheral is enabled the configuration of the related
ports is going to be modified according to the
configuration of the peripheral
• TRISx registers are sometimes overwritten
• If a port is required to work in an I/O operation, the
peripherals involved with the port must be disabled

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Ports A
• It is an I/O port multiplexed with the following
peripherals
• ADC
• Comparator
• TIMER 0

Initialization as an I/O port

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Port A for ADC
• ADCON1 register configures some ports as analog
inputs for the ADC

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Port A for Comparator
• CMCON register configures the operation of the analog
comparators
• For some configurations PORT A is used as output of
the comparators

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Port A for TIMER 0
• T0CON register configures the operation of TIMER 0
• If TIMER 0 operates as an external event counter pin
RA4 is the input of the external events

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Registers Associated to Port A

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Port B
• It is an I/O port multiplexed with the following
peripherals
• ADC
• USB
• Parallel Port

Initialization as an I/O port

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Port B for ADC
• Register ADCON1 allows PORTB to be configured as
an I/O digital port

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Port B for SPP
• Pin RB4 performs as Chip Select of the SPP
• Register SPPCFG enables the operation of RB4

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Port B for USB
• RB2 and RB3 are used by the USB module to connect
an external transceiver
• By disabling the USB these pines operate as digital I/O

• On start and reset the USB module is disabled

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Registers Associated to Port B

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Port C
• It is an 7-pin port which does not implement pin RC3
• Except for pins RC4 and RC5, TRISC controls the
direction of the port
• Pins RC4 and RC5 operate either as digital input pins or
as supporting pins for the USB module when this is
enabled
• RC2 is also involved in the operation of theUSB
• To use RC2, RC4 and RC5 as traditional digital pins the
USB module must be disabled

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Port C for Communication Modules
• PORTC is also multiplexed with the MSSP and the
USART modules
• These are disabled on start and reset
• An example of initializing PORTC as digital I/O is shown
below

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Registers Associated to Port C

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Port D
• It is a bidirectional 8-pin port
• All the pins of PORTD have internal pull-up resistors to
implement open-collector circuits
• These resistors are enabled by setting bit 7 of PORTE
to one
• The internal resistors are automatically disabled when
the port is configured as an input or when a peripheral
makes use of the port

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Port D
• PORTD is multiplexed with the ECCP (enhanced CCP)
and the SPP modules
• PORTD can operate as digital I/O when both modules
are disabled, which is the case on start and reset
conditions
• An initialization of the port as digital I/O is shown below

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Port D for SPP
• SPP (streaming parallel port) is a high-speed parallel
port
• When enabled the whole PORTD is used as data
communication port of the SPP

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Registers Associated to Port D

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Port E
• It is a bidirectional 4-pin port
• RE0, RE1 and RE2 are digital I/O pins multiplexed with
the ADC, the comparators and the SPP
• RE3 is multiplexed with the master clear (MCLR) of the
PIC
• The operation of RE3 is defined during the
programming of the PIC (window of BK with the
programming setting of the PIC)

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Port E for ADC
• RE0, RE1 and RE2 operate as the analog input
channels AN5, AN6 and AN7 of the ADC
• Register ADCON1 configures PORTE as analog input
channels

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Port E for SPP
• Register SPPCON controls and enables the operation
of the SPP

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Port E for SPP
• Register SPPCFG configures the operation of the SPP

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Port E for Comparator
• Microchip recommends to switch the comparators off
when PORTE is to be used as digital I/O

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Registers Associated to Port E

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