Manometer is a device used to measure pressure at a single or multiple points in a single or multiple

pipelines, by balancing the fluid column by the same or another column of fluid.

Simple manometric devices measure pressure at a single point in a fluid

Differential manometric devices measure pressure at two or more number of points, in a single or
multiple flow lines

Piezometer is a simple manometric device which measures pressure at a point in a fluid, without
balancing any other fluid column

U-tube manometer is a simple manometric device used to measure pressure at a point in a fluid, by
balancing the fluid column by the same or another column of fluid. It has a glass tube bent in “U” shape
with some amount of same or other type of fluid, called manometric fluid like mercury.

Single column/micro-manometers are just similar to the U-tube manometer, only with a difference of
having a small reservoir in the tube

Inverted differential U-tube manometer is a device just as same that of U-tube differential manometer
but is inverted in construction. It measures pressure difference ∆P at two different points “A” and “B” in
a single pipe or different pipes, carrying two fluids of same or different kinds

Thermocouples are voltage devices that indicate temperature measuring with a change in voltage. As
temperature goes up, the output voltage of the thermocouple rises - not necessarily linearly.

Resistive temperature measuring devices also are electrical. Rather than using a voltage as the
thermocouple does, they take advantage of another characteristic of matter which changes with
temperature - its resistance

Infrared sensors are noncontacting sensors. As an example, if you hold up a typical infrared sensor to
the front of your desk without contact, the sensor will tell you the temperature of the desk by virtue of
its radiation - probably 68°F at normal room temperature.

Bimetallic devices take advantage of the expansion of metals when they are heated. In these devices,
two metals are bonded together and mechanically linked to a pointer. When heated, one side of the
bimetallic strip will expand more than the other. And when geared properly to a pointer, the
temperature is indicated

Thermometers are well-known liquid expansion devices.

Change-of-state temperature sensors measure just that - a change in the state of a material brought
about by a change in temperature, as in a change from ice to water and then to steam. Commercially
available devices of this type are in the form of labels, pellets, crayons, or lacquers.

A stainless steel orifice plate which is held between flanges of a pipe carrying the fluid whose flow rate
is being measured.

Venturimeter:is a device used for measuring the rate of flow of a fluid flowing through a pipe

It is based on the use of the Venturi effect, the reduction of fluid pressure that results when a fluid runs
through a constricted section of pipe.

It is called after Giovanni Battista Venturi an Italian physicist.

WEIRS are overflow structures that stretch across an open channel of water, and are meant to alter the
channel’s flow characteristics making it easier to measure the volumetric rate of water flow.

WEIRS act like miniature dams, blocking the flow of water, and causing it to pool behind them until it is
deep enough to flow over the top of the weir.

Give one type of weir.