LETTERING

1. Lettering is defined as writing of titles, sub-titles, dimensions, etc., on a

drawing.
2. Lettering should be done freehand with speed.
3. Use of drawing instruments for lettering consumes more time.
4. Single stoke letters means that the thickness of the letter should be
uniform as if it is obtained in one stroke of the pencil.
5. Single stoke letters are divided into two types (a&b).
6. In type A capital letter is divided into 14 equal parts.
7. In type B capital letter is divided into 10 equal parts.
8. Type B is preferred because it is easy and fast.
9. Vertical letters are preferred for easy and fast execution, instead of sloped
letters
10.Lettering in drawing should be in capital letters. Small letters used for
abbreviation like cm, mm.
11.Size of letter is measured by height and numerals.
12.HB grade conical end pencil is used for lettering.
13.Guide lines are drawn, using 2H pencil with light pressure.
14.After lettering has been completed, the guidelines are not erased.
 ISOMETRIC PROJECTION
1. It is a method of pictorial projection (means a complete 3D body or picture).
2. It is pictorial orthographic projection.
3. Object is assumed to be inside a transparent cube.
4. One solid diagonal is assumed to be perpendicular to vertical plane and three
axis are equally inclined to this vertical plane.
5. In isometric projection top face will appear fore-shortened.
6. This extent of reduction can be found using diagram called isometric scale.
7. The isometric axes are reduced in the ratio 1:0.816 ie. 82% approximately.
8. Isometric line are parallel to isometric axis and always short to 82%.
9. Line which are not parallel to isometric axis are called non-isometric line.
10.In isometric projection vertical line drawn perpendicular, parallel line are
drawn parallel but horizontal lines are drawn 30o to base line.
11.Isometric drawing is different from isometric projection because in this all
lengths are original and not short.
12.The isometric drawing offigure is slightly larger (approximaely 22%)than
the isometric projection
13.Non isometric line both in isometric projection and in isometric drawing are
not appear original length.
14.These lines are drawn at end by locating end points and joining them.
15.Normally we used isometric DRAWING compare to projection.
16.Methods of Constructing Isometric Drawing are :
1. Box method (When an object contains a number ofnon-isometric lines,
the isometric drawing may be conveniently constructed by using the box
method.)
2. Off-set method (Off-set method of making an isometric drawing is
preferred when the object contains irregular curved surfaces.
Also a center line method is used.