AERO DYNAMICS

QUESTION BANK

1. In a potential flow, the superposition of the stream functions of a uniform flow and a line
source gives rise to a dividing streamline representing

a) Rankine’s half-body b) infinite circular cylinder c) infinite rotating circular

cylinder d) infinite elliptical cylinder

2. If ψ is the stream function, the Laplace’s equation ∇2 ψ =0 is true when the flow is

a) incompressible b) incompressible and irrotational c) irrotational d) compressible

3. The mass, internal energy, pressure and volume of a system are 10kg, 100kJ, 1 bar and 1m
respectively. The value of specific enthalpy in kJ/kg of the system is

a) 10 b) 20 c) 30 d) 40

4. Maximum value of coefficient of pressure in an incompressible flow is

a) 0 b) 1 c) -1 d) No Limit

5. Shear stress is more when the flow

a) is Laminar b) is turbulent c) is in Transition state d) does not change

6. When a supersonic flow is heated, its Mach number

a) Increases b) decreases c) remains same d) Can't be said

7. The Slope of CL-α curve ……………. with increase in Aspect Ratio of the wing.

a) increases b) decreases c) remains same d) increases or decreases depending

on airfoil shape

8. Test section of a non-heated supersonic Wind Tunnel is fed from pressure chambers kept at
27°C. What would be air Temperature in the test section when free stream Mach No. in test
section is 2.8 Mach?

a) 27°C b) 10.5°C c) -156.3°C d) Can't be determined

9. In adiabatic flow with friction, the stagnation temperature along a streamline

a)Increases b) decreases c) remains constant d) depends on Strouhal

Number

10. Which of the following statements is/are not true for a vortex filament?
P. Its strength is constant along the length.
Q. It can’t end in a fluid.
R. Its length is always infinite.

a) P b) R c) Q&R d) None

11. Combination of a doublet of strength ‘κ’ and uniform flow with velocity ‘V’ produces flow
over a cylinder of radius ‘R’. If strength of the doublet is doubled while keeping the velocity
same, what would happen to the Radius of cylinder?

a) Remains same b) Becomes half c) Becomes Double d) becomes √2 times

the old radius

12. Velocity Potential function for a flow is given by Φ=k θ, where k is an arbitrary constant.
Which of the following may represent a streamline of this flow?

a) (k .logr)/r b) k .logθ c) k θ/r d) k.logr

13. Air flow at 0.3 Mach is brought to rest isentropically. What happens to its stagnation pressure?

a) increases by 6.44% b) decreases by 6.44% c) increases by 1.80% d) Remains

same

14. At a point in incompressible flow the instantaneous velocity is found to be 1.62 times the free
stream velocity. What is the pressure coefficient at this point?
 a) +1.62 b) -1.62 c) +0.62 d) -0.62

15. Flow across an isentropic expansion corner accelerates from Mach No. 1.85 to 2.22. If the
upstream Temperature of the flow was 14° C, what would be the temperature after the corner?

a) 27°C b) -29.6°C c) -56.2°C d) None of these

16. Pressure coefficient (CP ) at a point on the airfoil was measured -1.24 in a low subsonic wind
tunnel operating at 0.1 Mach test section speed. What would be the approximate value of CP if
the flow velocity is increased to 0.6 Mach?

a) -1.24 b) -1.42 c) -1.55 d) Not defined

17. Air ENTERS a Convergent – Divergent duct at Mach No. M=1; which of the following should
happen?

a) It would accelerate to throat and decelerate afterwards b) It would accelerate in

full nozzle c) A normal Shock would occur at entrance d) It would decelerate in
full nozzle

18. Pressure coefficient over upper and lower surface of an airfoil is plotted against x/c, where x is
the location with respect to leading edge. What should the area bounded by the curve
represent?

a) Total pressure b) Pressure per unit span c) Total aerodynamic force

d) Sectional Lift Coefficient

19. Which of the following airfoils would have an early Drag Divergence?

a) NACA 4412 b) NACA 0012 c) NACA 0008 d) NACA 2314

20. Air at standard atmospheric conditions and velocity 100m/s flows over a flat plate of length
1m. At what point from the Leading edge, the flow would become turbulent?

a) 3.25 cm b) 7.3 cm c) 65.8 cm d) Never

21. In the following equations, u and v are the velocities in the x and y directions respectively and t
is time. The flow field that CANNOT be termed as incompressible is

a) u = x3 +xy2 , v = y3+ yx2 b) u = 10xt, v = -10yt c) u=(y/k)1/7 , v = 0 (k =constant)

d) u = 2y, v = 2x

22. The velocity of an air stream is 20 m/s. The densities of mercury and air are 13600 kg/m3 and
1.2 kg/m3respectively. The gravitational acceleration may be taken as 10 m/s2 . When a Pitot-
 static tube is placed in the stream, assuming the flow to be incompressible and frictionless, the
difference between the stagnation and static pressure in the flow field (in mm Hg) would
approximately be

a) 1760 b) 1.76 c) 0.57 d) 0.57x10-5

23. A low speed wind tunnel has a contraction ratio of 14:1 and the cross-sectional area of the test
section is 1 m2 .The static pressure difference between the settling chamber and the test section
is 40 cm of water column. Assume g = 9.81 m/s2 , ρair =1.2 kg/m3 , ρwater =1000 kg/m3. The
speed of air in the test section (in m/s) is

a) 40 m/s b) 60 m/s c) 80 m/s d) 100 m/s

24. A flow has a velocity field in complex plane given by v  2 xi  2 y j The velocity potential
ϕ(x,y) for the flow is

a) 2x-2y+const b) 2xy+const c) x2 +y2 +const d) x2 –y2 +const

Statement for linked answer questions 25 & 26

25. Air enters an adiabatic nozzle at 300 kPa, 500 K with a velocity of 10 m/s. It leaves the nozzle
at 100 kPa with a velocity of 180 m/s. The inlet area is 80 cm2 . The specific heat of air Cp is
1008 J/kg.K.The exit temperature of the air is

a) 516 K b) 532 K c) 484 K d) 468 K

26. Air enters an adiabatic nozzle at 300 kPa, 500 K with a velocity of 10 m/s. It leaves the nozzle
at 100 kPa with a velocity of 180 m/s. The inlet area is 80 cm2 . The specific heat of air Cp is
1008 J/kg.K. The exit area of the nozzle in cm2 is

a) 90.1 b) 56.3 c) 4.4 d) 12.9

27. An incompressible fluid flows over a flat plate with zero pressure gradient. The boundary layer
thickness is 1 mm at a location where the Reynolds number is 1000. If the velocity of the fluid
alone is increased by a factor of 4,then the boundary layer thickness at the same location will
be

a) 4mm b) 2mm c) 0.5mm d) 0.25mm

28. An airfoil was tested in a low subsonic wind tunnel and it yielded following results:
Angle of Attack Sectional Lift Coefficient
-0.1° 0.0872
1.1° 0.1934
2.3° 0.2996
If the same airfoil is tested at M=0.66, what would be the Lift Coefficient at 2° angle of
 attack?

a) 0.2051 b) 0.2730 c) 0.3184 d) 0.3634

29. A fluid with a volumetric flow rate of 5m3 /s enters the nozzle whose cross-sectional varies
with x as A(x)=1/(1 +x2 ). Assuming that the flow is parallel and uniform at each cross-section,
the acceleration at any point in the nozzle is given by

a) 50(x + x3) b) 50(1 + x2 ) c) 0 d) 50(x2 + x3 )

30. In an inviscid incompressible flow, the velocity field is given by V = xi + yj m/s and the body
force per unit mass is given by g = -10k m/s2 . The pressure at the point (0, 0, 0) is 101 Pa.
Assuming that the density of the fluid is 1 kg/m3 , the pressure at the point (1, 1, 1) for this
flow is

a) 100 Pa b) 105 Pa c) 95 Pa d) 90 Pa

31. Two flat parallel plates are separated by a small gap ‘h’ filled with an incompressible fluid of
viscosity μ. The top plate moves horizontally while bottom plate is held stationary. The
magnitude of stress at the top and bottom plates is found to be Δτ.The velocity of the top plate
is

a) hΔτ/(2μ) b) hΔτ/μ c) 2hΔτ/μ d) 3hΔτ/(2μ)

32. Flow with Mach No. 3.5 encounters a compression corner of angle 8°. What would be the
shock wave angle?

a) 10.24° b) 13.54° c) 16.34° d) 22.63°

33. Angle of attack of a finite wing, being tested in a supersonic wind tunnel at Mach no. 2.2, was
reduced from 8° to 3°. Which of the following components of aerodynamic drag would
reduce?
P. Skin Friction Drag
Q. Pressure drag
R. Induced drag
S. Wave drag

a) R only b) R & S c) Q, R & S d) None of them

34. A wing being tested in a subsonic wind tunnel having 1m×1m test section has following
geometric details:Span, b = 0.2m; Wing Reference area, S = 40cm2 ; Airfoil Section : NACA
0008; Reynolds No. 0.05 million Theoretical data for NACA 0008 airfoil section shows CL
value of 0.1326 at 2° angle of attack at same Reynolds No. What is expected CL value from
this wing section in wind tunnel? (Take Oswalds Wing efficiency factor for this wing, e =
0.88)
 a) 0.1326 b) 0.1323 c) 0.1166 d) Data is insufficient

35. Superposition of a freestream with velocity V and three-dimensional doublet produce flow
over a sphere. The velocity components of final flow in spherical coordinates (r, θ, φ) are given
as
 cos  
vr  v cos    (v  ) cos 
2 r 3
2 r 3
 sin  
v  v sin    (v  ) sin 
4 r 3
4 r 3
v  0

What is the radius of resulting sphere?

a) 2μ/πV∞ b) μ/2π V∞ c) (μ/2π V∞ )1/2 d) (μ/2π V∞ )1/3

1
36. Local shear stress over a flat plate is given by 0.664q / Rex , where q  is and Re x is
2v 2
Reynold no. at a location ‘x’ from Leading edge. What would be the total drag acting on a flat
plate of length L (along the flow) and width ‘b’.Assume both upper and lower surface of the
plate are exposed to the flow.

a) 0.664q Lb / Re b) 1.328q Lb / Re c) 1.992q Lb / Re

d) 2.656q Lb / Re

37. A supersonic wind tunnel is operated using pressure chambers charged to p01 =4 bar. The first
nozzle has a Throat diameter of 10.2 cm and the flow is accelerated to 2.5 Mach in the test
section. After passing through the model the Total pressure drops to p02 =3.14bar. What should
be the minimum throat diameter of the diffuser to keep the tunnel operating?

a) 11.52 cm b)13.00 cm c) 15.23 cm d) 15.96 cm

38. Incompressible, two-dimensional viscous flow over a flat plate at 0° angle of attack is to be
p
0
modeled mathematically. x Which of the following equations is NOT VALID?

u v
(A)  0
x y
u u  2u
(B) u v v 2
x y y
 p
(C) 0
y
p
(D) 0
x

a) A b) B c) C d) D

Data for linked answer questions 39 & 40

39. A 31° half wedge is inserted into a flow with M=3.4. As a result an oblique shock wave with
wave angle β=50.06° is formed at the Leading edge.
You may use the following table of Normal shock properties if desired

M1 M2
2.2 0.5471
2.6 0.5039
3.0 0.4752
3.4 0.4552

What would be the MACH No. after the shock wave?

a) 1.54 b) 0.4552 c) 0.856 d) 1.96

40. A 31° half wedge is inserted into a flow with M=3.4. As a result an oblique shock wave with
wave angle β=50.06° is formed at the Leading edge.
You may use the following table of Normal shock properties if desired

M1 M2

2.2 0.5471
2.6 0.5039
3.0 0.4752
3.4 0.4552

If the upstream flow in above question has static pressure P = 0.09 atm, T = 92 K, what
is the static Temperature after the shock wave?

a) 206.7 K b) 225.4 K c) 266.2 K d) 273.1 K

41. Wind tunnel testing of a wing-body model yielded following data:

Angle of Attack, α Moment Coefficient, Cm,CG Lift Coefficient, CL

1.0° -0.03412 0.23127

6.0° +0.06438 0.64386
 If the CG location is at 45.22 cm from Nose tip and Wing Chord is 30cm, What is the
location of Aerodynamic Center for this model?

a) 52.38 cm b) 38.05 cm c) 31.65 cm d) 56.44 cm

42. The equation of streamline passing through (1,1) having velocity vector V=  y 2i  6 xj is
a) xy  1 b) 9 x 2  y3  8 c) x  3 y 2  3 d) 2 x  3 y  4

43. The velocity along the centre line of the Nozzle is given by V= 2t (1  ( x / 2L))2 where v, t, x, L
are velocity, time, distance along the nozzle, length of the nozzle. What is the convective
acceleration when t=3s,x=0.5m,L=0.8m
a) 11.234 m / s 2 b) -11.234 m / s 2 c) -14.623 m / s 2 d) 14.623 m / s 2

44. Consider the following flow and find the magnitude of rotation about y axis at (1,2). The flow
is given as u  xy 3 z , v   y 2 z 2 , w  yz 2  ( y3 z 2 / 2)

a) 4 b) 2 c) 8 d) 12

45. The flow is described by the stream function 𝜓 = 2 3xy . At what point the the velocity vector
has a magnitude of 4 units and angle 150deg with x axis

a) (1,2) b) (2,1) c) (0.5774,1) d) (1,0.5774)

46. The stream function of a flow is given as ψ= A( x 2  y 2 ) . The possible velocity potential is
a) Ф=3Ax+c b) Ф=3Ay+c c) Ф=-2Axy+c d) Ф=-6Ax+c

47. The flow of a liquid at constant rate in a conically tapered pipe is classified as

a) Steady, uniform b) steady, non-uniform c) unsteady, non-uniform

d) unsteady, uniform

48. If ψ 1 and ψ 2 are the values of stream function at points 2 and 1 respectively, the volume rate
of flow per unit depth across an element ds connecting 2 and 1 is given by
a) dψ/ ds b)  (dψ.ds) c) 1/dψ d) dψ

49. The velocity potential Ф at any point for a 2-D,steady,irrotational flow in polar coordinates is
given by Ф= m cosθ/r where m represents strength. This equation represents a
a) Vortex b) sink c) source d) doublet
50. Lines of constant Ф
a) Are parallel to streamlines b) Are parallel streamlines c) Are normal to
streamlines d) Can intersect each other

51. A flow is said to be rotational when

a) The streamlines are curved b) the velocity gradient in the normal direction to

the flow exists c) Every fluid element has a angular velocity about a common

axis d) Every fluid element has a angular velocity about its mass center

52. The Maximum positive value of Pressure Coefficient in an Incompressible flow is

a) 0 b) 1 c) 3 d) No Limit

53. For an unsteady flow

a) Flow properties at any location in the flow change with time b) Flow
properties at every location in the flow are different but are constant with time
c) Streamlines cross each other many times d) Laplace Equation is satisfied.

54. Which of the following better represents the measure of rotationality of the flow
a)∇ ×V b) ∇ .V c) DV/Dt d) ∇ Φ

55. Velocity Potential Function is valid for

a) 2D flow b) Irrotational flow c) both of these d) none of these

56. Bernoulli's equation p + ½ρV2 = const. is valid for

P. Compressible flow,
Q. steady flow,
R. inviscid flow
a) Only Q b) P and Q c) Q and R d) P, Q and R

57. Which of following functions satisfy a Laplace Equation

a) xy + y2 b) cosx + cosy c) xy d) none of these

58. Stream Function (Ψ) for a Uniform flow in positive ydirection is given by
a) Vxy b) Vyx c) -Vxy d) –Vyx (whereVx&Vy are velocity components in
x & y directions)

59. The instantaneous slope of a streamline at point (1,3) in a flow having velocity 3x2i + yj is
a) 30° b) 45° c) 60° d) 75°

60. Velocity in a steady subsonic flow field is V = 2xi + 5yj – 4zk. Curl of the velocity at (5,3) is
given by
a) 0 b) 53 c) 74 d) 108

61. Lifting flow over a circular cylinder can be obtained by

 a) analyzing a vortex flow b) superposition of a Uniform flow and a source
c) superposition of a uniform flow and a doublet d) superposition of a uniform
flow, doublet and vortex flow

62. Pressure Coefficient over the surface of a non-lifting cylinder is given by

Cp = 1 – 4sin2θ, which of the following represents a possible location where surface pressure
equals Freestream pressure

a) θ = 150° b) θ = 45° c) θ = 0° d) none of these

63. Navier-Stokes equations without considering Viscosity terms are called

a) Lagrange equations b) Euler Equations c) Helmholtz Equations d)
Newton’s Equations

64. A flow can be treated inviscid if

a) Mach number is very low b) Reynolds Number is very high c) There is no
flow separation d) Strouhal number is very high

65. Which of the following doesn't appear in Navier – Stokes momentum equations
P. Pressure
Q. Body Forces
R. Internal Energy
S. Shear stress due to viscosity
a) P and R b) only R c) R and S d) only S

66. Aerodynamic Lift is a Component of aerodynamic force

a) opposite to the weight b) perpendicular to the direction of relative wind
c) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of aircraft d) Same as normal force

67. Angle of Attack for Zero Lift of a Positive cambered airfoil is

a) 0 b) <0 c) >0 d) doesn't exist

68. Lift Coefficient vs Angle of Attack curve for an Airfoil is found to intersect y-axis at -0.1 and
x-axis at 1.2°. The airfoil maybe
a) Symmetric b) Positively cambered c) Negatively cambered d) Laminar flow

69. Which of the following airfoils has the maximum value of camber
a) NACA 0012 b) NACA 2412 c) NACA 2415 d) NACA 4408

70. Root Chord and Tip Chord of a tapered straight airplane wing measure 1m and 0.6m
respectively. If the semi -span of the Wing is 8m, what is the Aspect Ratio?
a) 5 b) 10 c) 15 d) 20

71. What is true for high lift devices

P. Flaps increase the value of maximum lift-coefficient
Q. Flaps increase the value of stalling angle of attack
 R. Leading edge slat increase the value of max lift coefficient
S. Leading edge slat increase the value of stalling angle of attack
a) P and R b) P, Q and R c) P, R and S d) P, Q, R and S

72. Vortex generators are used on aircraft wings to

a) Increase Lift b) Delay flow separation c) Increase drag during landing
d) To stop alternate shedding of vortices

73. The Coefficient of Lift for a thin airfoil at 2 degree Angle of Attack is approximately
a) 12.56 b) 6.28 c) 0.69 d) 0.22

74. The Value of Pitching moment coefficient of a thin airfoil about its leading edge, while
producing a Lift Coefficient equal to 0.4, is
a) 0.1 b) 0 c) -0.1 d) negative but none of these
75. According to Prandtl Lifting Line Theory, minimum Induced Drag exists for which wing shape
a) Straight Rectangular b) Elliptical c) Tapered Straight d) Tapered
sweptback

76. Lift Coefficient of a Wing is doubled, the change in its induced Drag coefficient is
a) 100% b) 200% c) 300% d) 400%

77. An aircraft weighing 10,000 N is cruising at 50m/s at an altitude where free stream density is
0.88 kg/m3. The strength of bound vortex over its wing is
a) 227.3 b) 454.6 c) 113.6 d) Data is insufficient

78. .Pressure Gradient and Velocity gradient across a boundary layer from wall to free stream is
a) Zero,positive b) Positive, positive c)Negative, negative d) Negative,
positive

79. Turbulent boundary layer thickness is..............Laminar boundary layer thickness.

a) less than b) equal to c) more than d) depends on Reynolds No.

80. Skin Friction Drag in a Laminar Boundary Layer is...........Turbulent Boundary Layer.
a) less than b) equal to c) more than d) depends on Reynolds No.

81. Air flows over a flat plate, of length 10cm in the flow direction and 1m wide, at 100m/s speed
under standard sea level conditions. If the flow over the plate is fully turbulent and Skin-
friction Drag coefficient is given by 0.074/(Re)0.2, Drag on plate is (Re is Reynolds Number
based on length of the plate)
a) 1.45N b) 3.08N c) 5.62N d) 7.22N

82. cylinder the flow transition from laminar to turbulent occurs at which Reynolds Number
a) 3000 b) 3.85x105 c) 5.00x105 d) 3.00x107

83. An aircraft is flying at Mach number 2.5. The Mach Cone angle is
a) Less than 30° b) equal to 30° c) more than 30° d) more data is required
84. An airplane is flying with velocity 250m/s at an altitude where freestream pressure and
temperature are 0.8988 bar and 8.51°C respectively. The Mach No. of the airplane is (assume
γair=1.4, Gas Constant R=287 J/kg.K)
a) 0.735 b) 0.743 c) 0.753 d) 4.275

85. Airflow with Freestream Mach number 2.5 and Temperature 15°C is isentropically brought to
rest. What is the temperature when flow is fully stopped?
a) 33.75°C b) 124.4°C c) 375.2°C d) 512.5°C

86. What happens to Temperature, Total Temperature, Pressure, Total pressure, density, entropy
across a Normal Shock wave
a) Increase, remains same, increase, decrease, increase, increase
b) Increase, decrease, increase, decrease, increase, decrease
c) Decrease, increase, increase, remains same, increase, remains same
d) Decrease, remains same, increase, decrease, increase, increase

87. Across an oblique shock wave, indicate what is correct

P. Flow Velocity component parallel to the shock wave is transmitted unchanged
Q. For Flow velocity component perpendicular to it, the oblique shock wave behave as a
normal Shock wave
R. Total Temperature is same
a) Only Q b) P and R c) Q and R d) P, Q and R

88. An oblique shock wave is formed at the leading edge of a 15° half wedge. At Mach number 2
the angle of Shock wave is 45.34°; Shock wave angle at Mach Number 3 would be
a) Less than 45.34° b) equal to 45.34° c) more than 45.34° d) more data is
required

89. Highest total pressure loss occurs across a

a) Normal shock wave b) Strong oblique shock wave c) Weak oblique shock
wave d)Prandtl-Meyer expansion fan

90. A supersonic flow in a frictionless constant area duct suddenly encounters a divergent section
of angle 7 deg. The Mach number of the flow should
a) Increase b) Decrease c) Remain same d)depend on initial Mach no.

91. The Mach number at the inlet of a nozzle is 1.2,and at outlet of nozzle it is 0.8. The shape of
the nozzle may be
a) Converging b) Converging-Diverging c) Diverging -Converging
d) Diverging

92. Flow through a C -D nozzle is said to be choked when

a) The mass flow through it stops
b) The mass flow become constant
c) The mass flow becomes constant and can't be further increased
 d) The mass flow through it stops and can be restarted by varying the pressure

93. A supersonic Convergent-Divergent nozzle is called ‘over- expanded’ when

a) pressure at exit is less than the ambient pressure
b) pressure at exit is more than the ambient pressure
c) Exit Area is considerably more than the entry area
d) Exit Area is considerably less than the entry area

94. What is true for Critical Mach number

P. Is the Mach number at which flow over the airfoil become sonic for the first time
Q. For a thin airfoil it is more than for a thick airfoil
R. Is the Mach number at which there is a sudden rise in airfoil drag.
a) Only P b) P and Q c) Q and R d) P, Q and R

95. Which of the following airfoils would have the highest value of Critical Mach number
a) NACA 2408 b) NACA 2410 c) NACA 2412 d) NACA 2415

96. An Airfoil produces a Lift Coefficient equal to 1.1 in Incompressible flow. What is the value of
Lift Coefficient if the flow Mach No. becomes 0.6, keeping the same angle of attack?
a) 1.1 b) 1.375 c) 0.88 d) more data is required

97. Two flows are termed 'Dynamically Similar' if

a) the Mach no. of both is same b) the Reynolds no. for both is same
c) if either of Mach no. or Reynolds no. for both is same
d) if Mach no. as well Reynolds no. for both is same

98. Two similar airfoils are tested in a subsonic wind tunnel at similar conditions. The chord of
second is double the first. Sectional Lift Coefficient of second is........the first.
a) double b) same as c) half d)four times

99. An aircraft wing is tested in a subsonic wind tunnel. Its Zero Lift drag would............ and Drag
due to Lift would.............with the increase in velocity.
a) decrease, increase b) decrease, decrease c) increase, decrease d) increase,
increase

100. A circular cylinder of 10cm diameter is tested in a low subsonic wind tunnel at Test Section
Reynolds No 34,237 based on diameter. If the contraction ratio of wind tunnel is 20:1, the
velocity in the test section is (air density =1.225kg/m3, air viscosity =1.789x10-5 Ns/m2)
a) 2.5 m/s b) 25 m/s c) 50 m/s d) 62.5 m/s

101. Which of the following typically represents arrangement of a supersonic wind tunnel?
a) Convergent-divergent nozzle, test section, convergent-divergent diffuser
b) Convergent nozzle, test section, divergent diffuser
c) Convergent nozzle, test section, constant area diffuser
d) Convergent divergent nozzle, test section, divergent diffuser
102. An airfoil was tested in a subsonic wind tunnel at standard sea level conditions at 32 m/s
speed. At 8° angle of attack, the normal and axial force coefficients are 1.212 and 0.028
respectively. Its Lift coefficient is
a) 1.196 b) 1.204 c) 0.140 d) 0.196

103. A ramjet is tested in a wind tunnel such that the Mach No. in test section is 2. If the
stagnation temperature in wind tunnel is 15°C, what is the temperature in test section?
a) 8.3°C b) 15°C c) 281.4°C d) -113.1°C
𝑦 𝑥
104. Consider the velocity field given by 𝑢 = 2𝑦 − and 𝑣 = −2𝑥 − .Its
√𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 √𝑥 2 +𝑦2
stream function is
a) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 b) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
c) 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 d) 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 − √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2

105. Stream function for a flow is given by ψ=2Vxy, where V is velocity of flow at (x,y). Its
velocity potential function, φ, is
a) V(x2-y2) b) V(y2-x2) c) V(x2+y2) d) Flow doesn’t exist

106. Which of the following can be said about the flow in above question?
P. The flow is irrotational
Q. The fluid particles in this flow don’t get deformed
R. The circulation around every curve in the flow is zero
a) Only Q b) P and Q c) P, Q and R d) None

107. Consider a part of wind tunnel shown in the figure below

The velocity in the test section is

a ) 56 m/s b) 63 m/s c) 70 m/s d) 86 m/s

108. In the above question, what is the pressure in the test section?

a ) 0.960 bar b) 0.963 bar c) 0.949 bar d) 0.867 bar

109. In the above question , if a U-tube mercury manometer was connected between section 1
& 2 , what would it read?
 a ) 5.1 mm b) 7.9 mm c) 15.6 mm d) 22.0 mm

110. In the above question, if a pitot static tube was kept in the test section with ends attached
to a U-tube mercury manometer, what would the manometer read?
a ) 5.1 mm b) 7.9 mm c) 15.6 mm d) 22.0 mm

111. A rectangular wing having chord 0.2m and span 1.2m generates 250N lift in the wind
tunnel in above question . What is the value of circulation around the wing (assume wing tips
are attached to the wind tunnel side walls.)
a ) 3.58 m2/s b) 2.98 m2/s c) 2.48 m2/s d) 2.18 m2/s

112. What is the value of lift coefficient for this wing?

a ) 0.4252 b) 0.3543 c) 0.2952 d) 0.2577
113. What is the approximate angle of attack of the wing in the above question, if the airfoil
used is a thin symmetric airfoil?
a ) 3.230 b) 3.880 c) 2.690 d) data is insufficient

114. If the wingtips of the wing in the above question were not attached with the walls of
wind tunnel, what would have been the lift coefficient for the same conditions?(assume span
efficiency factor, 𝑒 = 0.89 )
a ) 0.4252 b) 0.3543 c) 0.2952 d) 0.2577

115. What is the value of induced drag coefficient for this wing?
a ) 0.00748 b) 0.00396 c) 0.00254 d) 0.00077

116. If the zero lift drag coefficient for this wing is 0.01056, what is the total drag
experienced by this wing at conditions in above question?
a ) 10.24N b) 25.98N c) 66.10N d) 7.45N

117. A discrete source of strength 50 m2/s is placed at the origin of a fictitious co-ordinate
system. The velocity induced by this source at point (0.3m, 0.4m) is given by
a ) 5.6 m/s b) 15.9 m/s c) 27.0 m/s d) 82.6 m/s

118. In the above question , the value of circulation at this point is

a ) 23.51m2/s b) 12.28 m2/s c) Zero d) Can’t be found

119. In the above question , the equation of stream function and velocity potential function at
any point (r,θ) in the flow are given by
a ) 𝜓 = 7.96 𝜃, 𝜑 = 7.96 ln 𝑟 b) 𝜓 = 7.96 𝜃 + 15.9, 𝜑 = 7.96 ln 𝑟 + 15.9
c ) 𝜓 = 7.96 𝜃 + 21.2, 𝜑 = 7.96 ln 𝑟 + 51.3 d) Any of the above

120. A uniform flow with velocity 50m/s and doublet of strength 2π m2/s were superimposed
to simulate flow over a circular cylinder . Which of the following may be the radius of the
cylinder?
a ) 2.0 cm b) 7.9 cm c) 12.6 cm d) 14.1 cm
121. In the above question , what is the flow velocity at the apex of cylinder?
a ) 50 m/s b) 100 m/s c) 131.8 m/s d) 82.6 m/s

122. A vortex of strength 4π m2/s was then added to the flow in above question. Which of the
following would be possible due to this?
P. The cylinder would start producing Lift and Drag
Q. The stagnation points would move
R. The flow on surface of the cylinder would become rotational
a ) Only Q b) P and Q c) P,Q and R d) None

123. In the above question , what is the new location of stagnation points?
a ) 184.05o,355.95o b) 182.25o,357.75o c) 188.13o,351.87o d) None of these

124. In the above question , what is the lift coefficient of the cylinder?
a ) 0.425 b) 0.754 c) 1.195 d) 1.777

125. Which of the following is true for a vortex flow?

P. Radial velocity at every location in the flow is zero
Q. Vorticity at every location except at the center of the vortex is zero
R. The value of circulation along any curve is independent of choice of curve
a ) Only Q b) P and Q c) P,Q and R d) None

126. Find the velocity induced by a vortex sheet of local strength 25.8 m/s & length 0.5m at
point P as shown in the figure below. ’P’ is located at 0.3m from one end.

a ) 4.03 m/s b) 5.91 m/s c) 6.88 m/s d) 8.26 m/s

127. An infinitely long vortex filament of strength 16π m2/s lies on x-axis in the direction of
positive x-axis. The velocity induced by this vortex filament at point (0,0,4)m is
a ) +2j m/s b) -2j m/s c) 2k m/s d) -2k m/s

128. Assuming an elliptical circulation distribution with peak value 110 m2/s over a wing of
span 16m , which of the following is true
P. Wing planform must be elliptical.
Q. The value of induced angle of attack in downstream of the wing is constant and
approximately equal to 2o when the free stream velocity as experienced by the wing
is 100 m/s.
R. The induced drag coefficient because of this lift distribution is minimum of any
other lift distribution.
a ) Only Q b) P and Q c) Q and R d) P,Q and R

129. In an airflow the local Mach no., static pressure and static temperature are 2.2, 0.48atm
and 220K respectively. The characteristic Mach number at this point is
 a ) 2.20 b) 1.81 c) 1.72 d) 1.58

130. In above question if the flow is further expanded what would happen to the
characteristic mach number

a ) it’s keep on decreasing till it reaches 1 b ) it’s keep on increasing till it reaches 2.45

c ) it’s keep on increasing d) data is insufficient to comment

131. For the conditions given in question no. 130, what would be the characteristic Mach no
beyond a normal shock wave?

a ) 0.220 b) 0.675 c) 0.582 d) 0.891

132. What is the maximum amount by which the density can increase across a normal shock
wave?

a ) 2 times b) 6 times c) 15 times d) no bound

133. If a normal shock wave is inevitable in a flow , where would you want it to occur?

a ) such as the total pressure loss is minimum

b) such as the total temperature loss is minimum

c) such as the static pressure increase is maximum
d) such as the temperature difference is minimum

134. An oblique shock wave is formed at the leading edge of 10o half wedge. If the shock
wave angle is 28.94o and downstream velocity is 858.25 m/s, what is the upstream
velocity?(Note: This question doesn’t require complex formulas like θ-β-M relation. This can
be solved using geometry)

a ) 792.17 m/s b) 882.88 m/s c) 927.62 m/s d) 1073.71 m/s

135. If the static temperature ratio , in above question , is 1.2257 and upstream temperature is
273.15K , what is downstream Mach No?

a ) 2.18 b) 2.34 c) 3.02 d) 3.75

136. For above set of questions, which of the following is true

P. The downstream/upstream Mach number ratio is equal to velocity ratio
Q. The downstream/upstream Mach number ratio is equal to square root of temperature
ratio
R. The downstream/upstream Mach number ratio is equal to velocity ratio multiplied by
square root of inverse of temperature ratio

a ) Only R b) P and Q c) P,Q and R d) None

137. The θ-β-M diagram for upstream Mach number 2 is reproduced below. For 10o
deflection angle , what is the approximate shock angle for weak and strong oblique shock
wave?

a ) 30o, 90o b) 39o, 84o c) ) 84o, 39o d) No shock wave

138. For the conditions given in above question , what happens at 25o deflection angle?
a) No shock wave is formed
b) A shock wave is formed but is not attached with the deflecting body
c) Only a Mach wave with 30o angle is formed
d) Only a normal shock wave is formed

139. Which of the following can be a direct interpretation of the θ-β-M diagram given in
question above?
P. For 0o deflection , there exist two solutions , one corresponding to a normal shock
wave and other corresponding to a Mach wave
Q. Oblique shock wave angle is always greater than the Mach wave angle.
R. If Mach No . is increased the curve would shift towards left of original curve.

a ) Only Q b) P and Q c) P,Q and R d) None

140. A supersonic flow with M1 =2.3 , p1=1 atm and T1=288 K is expanded around a sharp
corner through a deflection angle of 15o. What is the Mach no . downstream of the corner? Use
Prandtl Meyer Function, v(M)

𝛾+1 𝛾−1
𝑣(𝑀) = √𝛾−1 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 √ 𝛾+1 (𝑀2 − 1) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 √(𝑀2 − 1)

a ) 2.218 b) 2.975 c) 3.224 d) 3.672

141. In above question , what is the value of downstream static pressure , p2 ?

 a ) 0.5621 atm b) 0.4266 atm c) 0.3534 atm d) 0.2384 atm

142. Air enters a constant area duct of length 1m at M1 =0.4,p1 =1 atm and T1=15o C .Inside
the duct, the heat added per unit mass per unit length is q=1.0*106 j/kg.m .Total temperature at
the exit of duct is (cp =1.005kj/kg.K)

a ) 1010.5oC b) 1019.2oC c) 1292.4oC d) data is insufficient

143. Which of the following is true for the flow stated in above question?
P. The Mach no M2, at exit of the duct would be greater than M1
Q. If more heat is added to the flow the exit Mach no M2’ would be more than M2
R. In every case M2≤1

a ) Only P b) P and Q c) Q and R d) P,Q and R

144. If M1 in above question was 3.0 , which of the following would have been true?
P. The Mach no M2, at exit of the duct would be greater than M1
Q. If more heat is added to the flow the exit Mach no M2’ would be more than M2
R. In every case M2≥1

a ) Only P b) P and Q c) Only R d) P,Q and R

145. What should be the sufficient length of duct in above question (M1=3.0 , p1=1 atm and
T1=15oC ) to choke the flow?(Consider To/To*=0.6540 at M=3)

a ) 22.8 cm b) 42.9 cm c) 89.1 cm d) 109.2 cm

146. Air flow with M=2.56 enters a one dimensional constant area duct. Friction in the duct
shows it down such that Mach no at the exit is 1. If the length of the duct is now increased
keeping everything same, which of the following would possibly happen?

a ) Exit Mach No. would decrease further b) Exit Mach No. remains equal to 1

c) Exit Mach No. remains equal to 1,but the flow will not enter the duct at M=2.56

d) Exit Mach No. would increase

147. A convergent –divergent nozzle is to be designed for a maximum mass flow rate of
487.4 kg/s. The rocket motor chamber , to which it is attached , has chamber pressure and
temperature 25 atm and 3571K respectively . What should be the minimum area of the
throat?(Assume specific heat ratio ν=1.22 for exhaust gases)

a ) 0.4m2 b) 0.56m2 c) 0.89 m2 d) Data is insufficient

148. In a supersonic wind tunnel the diffuser throat area is always bigger than the nozzle
throat area . Which of the following may be correct?
a) To let the debris pass, in case the model breaks down in the test section
 b) To maintain the mass flow rate inside the tunnel; since total pressure drops in the test
section
c) To swallow the shock waves generated in the test section
d) The statement is not correct; diffuser throat area is less than nozzle throat area.

149. A thin plate of length 1.0m is held in a uniform air flow such that the length of the plate
is parallel to the flow direction. The flow speed is 100 m/s , the viscosity, µ=14.96*10-6 pa.s,
and the air density is 1.203 kg/m3. At what distance from the leading edge the flow would
become turbulent?

a ) 6.2 cm b) 22.9 cm c) 69.8 cm d) Never becomes turbulent

150. In above question , what is the thickness of boundary layer at the transition point?

a ) 0.44 mm b) 1.08 mm c) 1.52 mm d) No transition point

151. If in the above question , laminar boundary layer is ignored considering its impact is
very less as compared to turbulent boundary layer; what is the skin friction drag coefficient for
this plate?

a ) 0.00788 b) 0.00308 c) 0.00214 d) 0.00177

152. If M is the Mach number of the flow , M* is the characteristic Mach number 𝛾 is the
ratio of specific heats, then as M→∞, M*→?

𝛾+1 𝛾−1 2𝛾 𝛾+1

a ) 𝛾−1 b) √𝛾+1 c) 𝛾−1 d) √𝛾−1

153. If the velocity potential and the stream function in a two-dimensional potential flow are
given by ∅ = 𝑟 𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝜃 and 𝜓 = 𝑟 𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝜃 then , n=2/3 corresponds to a

a ) uniform flow b) flow around a right corner

c) flow due to a source doublet d) flow around a semi-infinite plate

𝑐
154. In the thin airfoil theory , if 𝑥 = 2 (1 − cos 𝜃) and the vorticity 𝛾(𝜃) is written as
𝛾(𝜃) (1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)
Fourier series [ = 𝐴0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + ∑ 𝐴𝑛 sin 𝑛𝜃]then 𝐶𝐿 depends on
2𝑉
a ) 𝐴0 b) 𝐴0 , 𝐴2 , … , 𝐴2𝑘 , … c) 𝐴1 , 𝐴3 , … , 𝐴2𝑘+1 , … d) 𝐴0 , 𝐴1

155. If the Mach number at a cross-section of a nozzle is M=0.8 and ratio of specific heat is
= 1.4 , then A/A*=? (where , A* is the cross-sectional area of the throat.

a ) 1.4 b) 1.3 c) 1.04 d) 1.004

156. For a minimum length nozzle , the expansion angle of the wall downstream of the throat
𝜃𝑤 depends upon prandtl-meyer function of the design exit Mach number as
 a ) 𝑉𝑀2 b) 2𝑉𝑀 c) 𝑉𝑀 /4 d) 𝑉𝑀 /2

157. If in a shock tube, there exists a series of expansion waves propagating in air (𝛾 = 1.4)
such that the first and the last expansion waves have the same velocity (equivalent to single
expansion wave) , the pressure ratio between the head and tail of wave is (correct to 2 decimal
places)

a ) 0.21 b) 2.0 c) 1.6 d) 1.0

158. Given the following data table for an airfoil (the airfoil is cambered):

𝛼𝐺 𝐶𝐿 𝐶𝑀

2o 0.3 0.75

5o 0.6 0.50

The non-dimensionalized pitching moment about the aerodynamic centre 𝐶𝑀𝐴𝐶 is estimated

as (correct to 2 decimal places)

a ) 2.5 b) 0.6 c) 2.00 d) 1.00

159. If the specific work done on an ideal gas reversibly is 59.4 J/kg and the process is a
polytropic process of the form 𝑝𝑉 𝑚 , then m is (given that the temperature of the gas increases
by 50K).(m is an integer)

a)6 b) 2 c) 8 d) 4

160. If 1 and 2 (subscripts) denote the conditions before and after a stationary normal shock ,
which of the following statements is true w.r.t a normal shock?

a ) 𝜌1 𝑢2 = 𝜌2 𝑢1 b) 𝑀1∗ 𝑀2∗ = 1 c) 𝜌1 𝑢22 = 𝜌2 𝑢12 d) 𝑀1∗ = 𝑀2∗

161. The velocity induced by a directed segment 𝑑𝐼⃗ of a vortex filament is given by 𝑑𝑣⃗=?
Where , symbols have their usual meanings.

𝛤 𝑑𝐼⃗×𝑟⃗ 𝛤 (𝑑𝐼⃗.𝑟⃗)𝑟⃗ 𝛤 𝑑𝐼⃗×𝑟⃗ 𝛤 𝑑𝐼⃗×𝑟⃗

a) b) c) d)
2𝜋 |𝑟|2 4𝜋 |𝑟|3 2𝜋 |𝑟|4 4𝜋 |𝑟|3

162. Consider a venturi with throat to inlet area 0.8 mounted in a flow at standard sea level
conditions. If the pressure difference between the inlet and the throat is 20 Pa, the velocity of
the flow at the inlet is

a ) 16.6 m/s b) 17.1 m/s c) 18 m/s d) 18.2 m/s

163. If the stagnation temperature To at compressor inlet is increased 1.44 times and
stagnation pressure po is decreased to 0.6 times its value , then by what factor should the mass
flow rate be decreased in the compressor to achieve the same pressure ratio?
 a ) 1.63 b) 2.11 c) 2.0 d) 1.84

164. A uniform supersonic stream with M1=3.0 encounters a compression corner that deflects
the stream by an angle of 20o . Given that the shock wave angle occurs at 37.5o and that the
normal component of the flow (w.r.t the shock) experiences a normal shock reducing the
normal component of the Mach number by 2.989 times, find the downstream Mach number of
the flow.

a ) 2.56 b) 2.22 c) 2.11 d) 2.03

165. For a two-dimensional potential vortex flow, which of the following statement is true?
𝛤
a ) 𝐴𝑠 𝑟 → 0, |∇ × 𝑣| → 0 b) ∅ = 𝜃 (if the strength of vortex is 𝜞)
2𝜋

𝛤 𝛤
c) 𝜓 = ln 𝑟 d) 𝜓 = ln 𝑟
2𝜋 8𝜋

166. For testing of a small scale model of an aircraft in wind tunnel , the following data is
provided: Actual aircraft: Operating flight speed = 200m/s Freestream temperature = 220K.
Wind-tunnel model : Freestream temperature = 288K.The speed of uniform airflow in the
wind-tunnel should be

a ) 212 m/s b) 228 m/s c) 202 m/s d) 200 m/s

167. Assuming that coefficient of viscosity 𝜇 ∝ 𝑇 1/2 by what factor should be aircraft be
scaled down for constructing the actual model? Given that density of the atmosphere during
flight operation is 1/4th of that in the wind tunnel.

a)6 b) 3 c) 4 d) 7

168. A biplane of given wing area as of a monoplane, wing will have

a ) more drag and more lift b) less drag and more lift

c) more drag and less lift d) None of the above

169. For a prefect crystal,

a ) entropy is maximum at perfect zero temperature b) entropy is zero at perfect zero
temperature c) entropy decreases with increase in temperature d) None of the above

170. Velocity gradients in turbulent boundary layer are

a) Higher compared to laminar boundary layer
b) Lower compared to laminar boundary layer
c) Higher than laminar boundary layer in favorable pressure gradient, but lower in
adverse pressure gradient regime
d) Lower than laminar boundary layer in favorable pressure gradient, but higher in
adverse pressure gradient regime
171. 𝐶𝑙𝛼 of a wing is less than 𝐶𝑙𝛼 of an airfoil because of

a ) wing is bigger b) wing tip vortices c) unsteadiness in flow

associated with it d) downwash

172. From thin airfoil theory, lift curve slope 𝐶𝑙𝛼 is 2π for

a ) symmetric airfoil b) cambered airfoil c) Both (a) and (b) d) depends

upon airfoil geometry

173. Across a normal shock

a) velocity decreases , total pressure decreases , static pressure increases
b) velocity increases , total pressure decreases , static pressure increases
c) velocity decreases , total pressure decreases , static pressure decreases
d) anything can happen

174. Mathematical form of area-velocity relation is

𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝐴
a) = (1 − 𝑀2 ) b) = (𝑀2 − 1) c) = (1 − 𝑀2 ) d) = (𝑀2 − 1)
𝐴 𝑢 𝐴 𝑢 𝑢 𝐴 𝑢 𝐴

175. For an airfoil , 𝐶𝑝 distribution in incompressible conditions is 𝐶𝑝,0 . If flight Mach

number is 𝑀∞ , then by Prandtl’s correction , the approximate 𝐶𝑝 distribution , in compressible
conditions will be

2
√1−𝑀∞
𝐶𝑝,0 2 2 −1
a ) 𝐶𝑝 = b) 𝐶𝑝 = c) 𝐶𝑝 = 𝐶𝑝,0 √1 − 𝑀∞ d) 𝐶𝑝 = 𝐶𝑝,0 √𝑀∞
2 𝐶𝑝,0
√1−𝑀∞

176. Lift coefficient of a wing is increased two times , the new induced drag will be

a ) twice of previous value b) half of previous value c) same as before

d) four times of previous value

177. Flow separation from a body surface occurs due to

a) Slowing down of flow in the boundary layer
b) Mixing and collision of fluid particles near the body surface
c) Both of the above
d) None of the above

178. If a two-dimensional uniform flow of free stream velocity u , separates from the body ,
then at separation point
 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
a ) (𝜕𝑥 ) =0 b) (𝜕𝑦) =0 c) (𝜕𝑥 2 ) =0 d) (𝜕𝑦 2 ) = 0 where
𝑦=0 𝑦=0 𝑦=0 𝑦=0
u is local velocity in X-direction at body surface.(Y=0 lies at body surface).

179. Air flows from a reservoir at 550 kpa and 70oC. Assuming isentropic flow , calculate the
density at a section with the Mach number of 0.6

a ) 4.39 kg/m3 b) 5.39 kg/m3 c) 4.69 kg/m3 d) 2.22 kg/m3

180. For an aircraft experiencing a non-dimensionalized lift coefficient CL=1.2 and having an
aspect ratio of 4.8 with span efficiency of 0.92, the induced drag coefficient is

a ) 0.992 b) 0.104 c) 0.134 d) 0.034

181. If the freestream flow over an airfoil increases from Mach 0.2 to Mach 0.6, i.e.,by a
factor of 3, estimate using the Prandtl-Glauert compressibility correction , by what factor does
the non-dimensionalized lift coefficient increase?

a ) 2.36 b) 1.22 c) 1.39 d) 1.87

182. Consider a flow at Mach 0.8 . Find out the ratio of the kinetic and internal energies per
unit mass of a fluid element moving along a streamline. Assume that the fluid is a calorically
perfect gas with heat capacity ratio of 1.5

a ) 0.14 b) 0.24 c) 0.64 d) 0.48

183. Consider a source of strength A and a sink of equal strength separated by a distance. If
the source and sink are brought closer such that Al=k and remains constant, then what is the
stream function obtained for the configuration in a potential flow?

𝑘 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 −𝑘 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 𝑘 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 −𝑘 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

a ) 𝜓 = 2𝜋 b) 𝜓 = c) 𝜓 = 2𝜋 d) 𝜓 =
𝑟 2𝜋 𝑟 𝑟 2𝜋 𝑟

where 𝜓 = 𝜓(𝑟, 𝜃)

184. A flow at Mach 3.0 encounters an oblique shock wherein the shock angle is 35o.If the
freestream pressure is 1atm,the pressure after the oblique shock is (in atm) (correct to two
decimal places, the fluid involved is air)

a ) 4.20 b) 2.30 c) 3.29 d) 2.00

185. Consider the three dimensional motion of fluid in the vicinity of vortex filaments,which
one of the following statements is not a Helmholtz’s theorem?
a) The strength of a vortex filament is constant along its length
b) A vortex filament cannot end in a fluid. It may extend to the boundaries of the fluid.
c) A vortex filament cannot form a closed path.
d) In the absence of rotational external forces , a fluid that is initially irrotational
remains irrotational.
186. Consider a two-dimensional boundary layer along a flat plate. If the boundary layer
thickness is 2.3mm at 7cm from the leading edge of the flat plate, then what will the boundary
layer thickness be at a station 10cm from the leading edge if the uniform upstream velocity of
the flow increases by 30%?

a ) 3.4mm b) 2.6mm c) 2.1mm d)2.4mm

187. What is the primary reason for the aircrafts with delta wings having high stall angles?
a) The wing’s leading edge does not contact the shock wave boundary formed at the
nose of the fuselage
b) The delta planform maximizes wing area (generating lift) with a very low wing per
unit loading
c) Highly robust nature of the delta wings
d) Generation of vortex at the leading edge that energizes the flow

188. Surface coating methods like sublimation visualization used on models tested in wind
tunnels cannot be used to determine or infer
a) Areas of separated flow
b) Laminar to turbulent flow transition
c) Direction of flow in the spanwise direction
d) Vertical structures and separation bubble sizes
𝑑𝜃
189. For a flat plate boundary layer with zero-pressure gradient and no wall transpiration ,𝑑𝑥
is equal to {where , θ=momentum thickness}

𝜃 1 𝜌𝑢𝑒2 𝜏
a ) 𝑢 (𝐻 + 2) b) 2𝐶𝑓 c) 2 d) 𝜌𝑢𝑤2
𝑒 𝜏𝑤 𝑒

where , H=shape factor, 𝜏𝑤 =shear stress exerted by the wall , 𝑢𝑒 =freestream uniform
velocity outside the boundary layer.

190. Following are the Reynolds decomposition for turbulent flow into mean and fluctuating
velocity components. Which of the following statements holds true?

a) Both mean and fluctuating components independently satisfy continuity equation

b) Mean velocity components satisfy continuity equation but fluctuating components
don’t satisfy
c) Mean flow does not satisfy continuity but the fluctuating components do so
d) Neither the mean nor the fluctuating velocity components can satisfy continuity
equation independently, only the instantaneous velocity components which is the
sum of both satisfy the continuity equation

191. The Mach number at the inlet of a nozzle is 1.1the shape of nozzle should be

a ) converging b) diverging c) converging-diverging d) diverging-converging

192. A fluid flow is represented by velocity field 𝑣⃗ = 𝑎𝑥𝑖⃗ + 𝑎𝑦𝑗⃗ , where ‘a’ is a constant.
The equation of streamline passing through a point (2,1) is
 a ) 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0 b) 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0 c) 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 d) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0

193. For a fluid flow through a convergent pipe of length L having inlet radius R1 and outlet
radius R2 and constant flow rate Q1; the acceleration at the exit assuming velocity to be axial
and uniform at any cross-section , is
2𝑄 2 (𝑅1 −𝑅2 ) 2𝜋 2 𝑄 2 (𝑅1 −𝑅2 ) 2𝑄 2 (𝑅1 −𝑅2 ) 2𝑄 2 (𝑅1 −𝑅2 )
a) b) c) d)
𝜋𝑅25 𝐿 𝑅15 𝐿 𝜋 2 𝑅25 𝐿 𝜋 2 𝑅15 𝐿

194. Across a normal shock, which of the following quantities remains unchanged?

a ) stagnation temperature b) static temperature c) stagnation pressure d) stagnation density

195. Euler’s equation is valid for

a) Inviscid incompressible flow only
b) Compressible as well as incompressible inviscid flow
c) Viscous or inviscid incompressible flow
d) Potential flow only

196. If ψ is the stream function and (r,θ) are the polar coordinates , which of the following
gives the radial and tangential velocity components?
1 𝜕𝜓 −𝜕𝜓 1 𝜕𝜓 𝜕𝜓 −1 𝜕𝜓 𝜕𝜓 𝜕𝜓 −1 𝜕𝜓
a ) 𝑉𝑟 = 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 , 𝑉𝜃 = b) 𝑉𝑟 = 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 , 𝑉𝜃 = c) 𝑉𝑟 = , 𝑉𝜃 = d) 𝑉𝑟 = , 𝑉𝜃 =
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃

197. Assuming the lift-curve slope of a symmetric airfoil is given by thin airfoil theory , what
will be the percentage change in the value of CL at 𝛼 = 6𝑜 for an untwisted elliptical wing of
aspect ratio 8 compared to an infinite wing?

a ) 5% b) 10% c) 15% d) 20%

198. Water flows over a flat plate in a water tunnel at incoming freestream velocity 10m/s .
The thickness of boundary layer on the plate at a distance 2m will be

a ) 0.4 mm b) 0.8 mm c) 2 mm d) 4 mm

Take kinematic viscosity of water as 8.0*107 m2/s.

199. The value of pressure coefficient at a point on the surface of airfoil at incoming Mach
number 0.5 is 8.4 . The value of pressure coefficient of the same point at freestream Mach
number 0.7 would be

a ) 0.29 b) 0.56 c) 0.485 d) 0.33

Common Data for Questions 200 and 201

Fully developed laminar flow of water is established in a circular duct of diameter 30 cm. A hot
wire anemometer placed at a distance 10 cm from the centerline reads the flow velocity as 50 cm/s
200. Volumetric flow rate of water is approximately

a ) 0.06 m3/s b) 0.03 m3/s c) 0.04 m3/s d) 0.08 m3/s

201. The shear stress at the wall would be

a ) 10.68 MPa b) 5.34 MPa c) 3.33 MPa d) 6.68 MPa

Take 𝜇𝐻2𝑂 = 8.9 × 10−4 Pa-s.

202. In an isentropic process

a) Heat transfer is zero
b) Work done is reversible
c) Work done is zero
d) Stagnation pressure is constant

203. In a compressible flow over a flat plate , boundary layer thickness (𝛿) is given by
5.0𝑋 5.0𝑋 5.0𝑋 2 5.0𝑋 2
a) b) c) d)
𝑅𝑒𝑋 √𝑅𝑒𝑋 √𝑅𝑒𝑋 𝑅𝑒𝑋

204. In a stream tube, area-velocity relation is given by

𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑉 𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑉 𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑉 𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑉
a) = (1 − 𝑀2 ) b) = (𝑀2 − 1) c) = (𝑀 − 1) d) = (1 − 𝑀)
𝐴 𝑉 𝐴 𝑉 𝐴 𝑉 𝐴 𝑉

205. A pathline is the

a) Mean direction of a number of particles at the same instant of time
b) Instantaneous picture of positions of all particles in the flow which passed a given
point
c) Trace made by a single particle over a period of time
d) Path traced by continuously injected tracer at a point

206. What can definitely be said about the tube flow in the diagram below?

a) Flow is turbulent
b) Flow is compressible
c) Flow is laminar
 d) Flow is incompresssible

207. For free vortex design, which of these are true?

a) Stagnation enthalpy ho=constant
b) Entropy , S=constant
c) rVθ= constant ,VZ=constant
d) All of the above

208. Drag and lift on a circular cylinder with circulation in potential flow is ( 𝜌 =density ,
u=freestream velocity)

a ) Drag=0, Lift=𝜌𝑢𝜞 b) Drag > 0, Lift > 𝜌𝑢𝜞 c) Drag < 0, Lift < 𝜌𝑢𝜞 d) Drag > 0, Lift < 𝜌𝑢𝜞

209. Relationship between total and static temperatures is given by (M=Mach number)
𝑇𝑂 𝛾+1 𝑇 𝛾−1 𝑇𝑂 𝛾−1 𝑇 𝛾+1
a) =1+ 𝑀2 b) 𝑇 = 1 + 𝑀2 c) = 1+ 𝑀2 d) 𝑇 = 1 − 𝑀2
𝑇 2 𝑂 2 𝑇 2 0 2

210. What is relationship between calibrated and true speed? (𝜌 = actual density, 𝜌𝑠 =
density at sea level)

𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝜌 𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝜌𝑠 𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝜌 𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝜌

a) = √ 𝜌𝑠 b) = c) = √𝜌 d) =𝜌
𝑉𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝜌 𝑉𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑠 𝑉𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑠

211. Density of air has significant effects on the airplane’s capability . Which of the
following statements is not true?
a) As air becomes less dense , it increase thrust because of less resistence
b) As air becomes less dense , it reduces power because the engine takes in less air
c) As air becomes less dense , it reduces lift because the thin air exerts less force on the
airfoils
d) All the above

212. An increase in angle of attack has the following effect

a) The lift increases
b) The centre of pressure moves forward
c) The centre of pressure moves backward
d) Both (a) and (b)

213. Pick the wrong statement about the turbulent boundary layer.
a) The turbulent boundary layer produces more skin friction drag than the laminar
flow
b) The turbulent boundary layer is more stable than the laminar boundary layer
c) The turbulent boundary layer does not contribute to the lift an airfoil produces
d) Both (b) and (c)

214. Pick the true statement about the airfoil selection.

a) Airflow separation occurs when there is adverse pressure gradient
 b) Airflow separation results in a sudden drop of drag and lift
c) The point of airflow separation on an airfoil moves forward with a decrease in the
angle of attack
d) Both (a) and (b)

215. Incompressible flow is considered for

a ) M < 0.3 b) M > 0.3 c) M > 1.0 d) M < 1.0

216. Match list I (names) with list II (figures) and select the correct answer using the codes
given below the lists.
List I
A. Subsonic nozzle
B. Supersonic nozzle
C. Subsonic diffuser
D. Centrifugal diffuser

List II

Codes

A B C D

a) 1 2 3 4

b)1 3 3 1

c) 3 1 1 3

d) 2 4 4 3

217. According to Blasius law , the local skin friction coefficient in the boundary layer over a
flat plate is given by
0.332 0.664 0.647 1.328
a) b) c) d)
√𝑅𝑒 √𝑅𝑒 √𝑅𝑒 √𝑅𝑒
218. Match the following regimes

A . Incompressible 1. M< 0.3

B . Compressible(subsonic) 2. 0.7 < M < 1.3
C . Trisonic 3. M > 4
D . Supersonic 4. 0.3 < M < 0.9
E . Hypersonic 5. 1.3 < M < 4.0

A B C D E
a) 1 2 3 4 5
b) 1 4 2 5 3
c) 1 4 5 2 3
d ) None of the above

219. In real situation , for given figure , velocities at (1), (2) and (3) sections will be (consider
subsonic flow)

a ) 𝑣1 = 𝑣2 = 𝑣3 b ) 𝑣1 > 𝑣2 > 𝑣3 c ) 𝑣1 < 𝑣2 < 𝑣3 d ) cannot be determined

220. Assertion (A) In convergent-divergent nozzle , once sonic conditions are established at
the throat , any amount of reduction of pressure at the exit will not be effective in increasing
the flow rate.

Reason (R) The reduction of upstream pressure is caused by the depletion of the
reservoir compensates for the acceleration of flow due to lowering of back pressure.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true

221. If u and v are components of velocity in the X and Y directions of a flow given by
u=ax+by ; v=cx+dy .Then the condition to be satisfied is

a ) a+c=0 b ) b+d=0 c ) a+b+c+d=0 d ) a+d=0

222. A Newtonian fluid is that for which

𝜕𝑢 𝑛 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝑚
a ) 𝜏 = 𝜇 (𝜕𝑦) , 𝑚 ≠ 1 b ) 𝜏 = 𝜏𝜃 − 𝛼 𝜕𝑦 c ) 𝜏 = 𝜇 𝜕𝑦 d ) 𝜏𝐶 = 𝜏 + 𝜇 (𝜕𝑦) , 𝑚 ≠ 1

223. The velocity potential ∅ at any point for a two dimensional steady irrotational flow in
polar coordinates is given by ( with usual notations )
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
∅ = 𝑚( ) The equation represents a
𝑟

a ) vortex b ) sink c ) source d ) doublet

224. Which of the following flow is irrotational?

3
a ) 𝑢 = 𝑦; 𝑣 = 2 𝑥 b ) 𝑢 = 𝑥𝑣 2 ; 𝑣 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 c ) Both (a) and (b) above d ) None of the above

225. In forced vortex flow , velocity v and radial distance r are related as
1 1
a)𝑣∝𝑟 b)𝑣∝𝑟 c ) 𝑣 ∝ 𝑟2 d ) 𝑣 ∝ 𝑟2

226. Stream function for an irrotational , incompressible flow is given by 𝜓 = 2𝑉𝑦2 , where V
is velocity of flow at (x,y) . Its velocity potential function ,∅ , is

a ) 1.196 b ) 1.204 c ) 0.140 d ) Flow doesn’t exist

227. A 1:2 scale replica of an airfoil was tested in a wind tunnel. The actual conditions
experienced by the airfoil in flight are 𝜌∞ , 𝑉∞ , 𝑇∞ where symbols have their usual meanings.
However , in wind tunnel , test was conducted at 𝜌, 𝑉, 𝑇. For which of the following conditions,
the flow in the wind tunnel would be dynamically similar to actual flow.(Assume coefficient of
viscosity varies with square – root of temperature)
a) 𝜌 = 𝜌∞ , 𝑉 = 𝑉∞ , 𝑇 = 𝑇∞
b) 𝜌 = 3𝜌∞ , 𝑉 = 2𝑉∞ , 𝑇 = 2𝑇∞
c) 𝜌 = 2𝜌∞ , 𝑉 = 2𝑉∞ , 𝑇 = 4𝑇∞
d) Flows can never be similar

228. Calculate ∮((𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦) , along a circle of unit radius centered at origin.

a ) 2π b)π c)2 d)0

229. An airfoil was tested in a low subsonic wind tunnel and it yielded following results :

Angle of attack Sectional Lift Coefficient

-0.1o 0.0872
 1.1o 0.1934

2.3o 0.2996

If the same airfoil is tested at M=0.66 , what would be the Lift Coefficient at 2o angle of
attack?

a ) 0.2051 b ) 0.2730 c ) 0.3634 d ) 0.3159

230. The figure given below shows typical non-dimensional velocity profiles for fully
developed laminar flow between two infinitely long parallel plates separated by distance a
along y-direction . The upper plate is moving with a constant velocity U in the x-direction and
the lower plate is stationary. Match the non-dimensional velocity profiles in column I with the
pressure gradients in column II.

Column I column II
𝜕𝑝
P . profile I 1 . 𝜕𝑥 > 0

𝜕𝑝
Q . profile II 2 . 𝜕𝑥 < 0

𝜕𝑝
R . profile III 3 . 𝜕𝑥 = 0

a ) P-2;Q-3;R-1 b ) P-3;Q-2;R-1 c ) P-3;Q-1;R-2 d ) P-1;Q-2;R-3

231. A boat is propelled in still water at a velocity of 5m/s by taking water at the rate of
1m3/s from the front side and discharging it through the back using a bump. The velocity of the
discharge jet relative to the boat is 9m/s. The effect of pressure at the intake and discharge can
be neglected. The density of water may be taken as 1000 kg/m3 . The power required to propel
the boat is

a ) 10 kW b ) 20 kW c ) 50 kW d ) 90 kW
232. In above question , the total kinetic energy imparted to the water per second by the
bump is

a ) 10 kW b ) 25 kW c ) 28 kW d ) 81 kW

233. In an inviscid , incompressible flow , the velocity field is given by V=xi+yj m/s and the
body force per unit mass is given by g=-10k m/s2 . The pressure at the point (0,0,0) is 101 pa.
Assuming that the density of the fluid is 1 kg/m3 , the pressure at the point (1,1,1) for this flow
is

a ) 100 pa b ) 105 pa c ) 95 pa d ) 90 pa

234. The ratios of the laminar boundary layer thickness to thermal boundary layer thickness
of flows of two fluids P and Q on a flat plate are 0.5 and 2 respectively. The Reynolds number
based on the plate length for both the flows is 104. The prandtl and Nusselt numbers for P are
0.125 and 35 respectively . The Prandtl and Nusselt numbers for Q are respectively.

a ) 8 and 140 b ) 8 and 70 c ) 4 and 70 d ) 4 and 35

235. A horse shoe vortex as shown in the figure has constant vortex strength of 50 m2/s
throughout its length. What is the velocity induced at point ‘P’which is equidistant from two
trailing vortices?

a ) 2.25 m/s b ) 3.38 m/s c ) 4.00 m/s d ) 4.62 m/s

236. Given the following flowpaths and temperatures

 Which of the following is most likely true?
𝐷𝑇 𝐷𝑇 𝐷𝑇 𝐷𝑇
a ) ( 𝐷𝑡 ) = 0, ( 𝐷𝑡 ) ≠ 0 b ) ( 𝐷𝑡 ) ≠ 0, ( 𝐷𝑡 ) = 0
𝑃 𝑄 𝑃 𝑄

𝐷𝑇 𝐷𝑇 𝐷𝑇 𝐷𝑇
c ) ( 𝐷𝑡 ) = 0, ( 𝐷𝑡 ) = 0 d ) ( 𝐷𝑡 ) ≠ 0, ( 𝐷𝑡 ) ≠ 0
𝑃 𝑄 𝑃 𝑄

237. Consider a vortex filament of strength in the shape of a close circular loop of radius R.
How much velocity is induced at the center of the loop?
𝜋𝛤 𝛤 𝛤 𝛤
a ) 2𝑅 b ) 𝜋𝑅 c ) 2𝜋𝑅 d ) 2𝑅

238. An aircraft has following characteristics : Wingspan , b=9.753m , wing area, S=15.80m2,
maximum weight , Wo=1100 kgf , cruise velocity , Vcruise=50 m/s . The wing uses a NACA65-
415 airfoil , which has a lift slope of 0.1033 per deg and 𝛼𝐿=0 = −3𝑜 . If Oswald efficiency
factor of wing is 0.89 , calculate geometric angle of attack of the wing for a steady cruise at sea
level conditions.

a ) 3.25o b ) 2.83o c ) 2.18o d ) 1.34o

239. A uniform flow with velocity V , a doublet of strength 10 m3/s and point vortex of
strength 25 m2/s are superimposed to simulate lifting flow over a circular cylinder. What
should be the velocity V so that the cylinder has only one stagnation point?

a ) 2.49 m/s b ) 3.98 m/s c ) 2.08 m/s d ) 1.62 m/s

240. Which of the following represents equation of a streamline of flow in above question?
0.64
a) 2.49𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 (1 − 𝑟 2 ) + 3.98ln(1.25𝑟)
0.64
b) 2.08𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 (1 − ) + 1.62ln(1.25𝑟)
𝑟2
0.81
c) 2.08𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 (1 − ) + 1.62ln(0.64𝑟)
𝑟2
0.81
d) 2.49𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 (1 − 𝑟 2 ) + 3.98ln(0.64𝑟)
241. An infinitely thin plate is kept in Mach 2.6 freestream at an angle of attack 5o . What is
the value of its lift coefficient and wave drag coefficient?(Choose nearest answer )

a ) 0.1455 , 0.0127 b ) 0.1062 , 0.0198 c ) 0.2280 , 0.0256 d ) 0.2796 , 0.0361

242. For the flat plate in above question , calculate pressures on top and bottom surface if
freestream pressure is 1 bar.

a ) 0.56 bar,1.24bar b ) 0.82bar,1.50bar c ) 0.44bar,1.12bar d ) 0.66bar,1.34bar

243. Consider the incompressible viscous flow of air between two infinitely long parallel
plates separated by a distance h. The bottom plate is stationary , and the top plate is moving at
the constant velocity U in the direction of the plate. Assume that no pressure gradient exists in
 the flow direction. Which of the following gives the variation of velocity between the
plates?(Assume the x-axis lies on bottom plate in the direction of velocity U )

𝑦 𝑦 2 𝑦 2 𝑦
a ) 𝑈(ℎ) b ) 𝑈 (1 − ℎ) c ) 𝑈 (ℎ) d ) 𝑈 (1 − (ℎ)2 )

244. In above question , if T=constant =320 K , U=30m/s , and h=0.01 m , calculate the shear
stress on the bottom plate.

a ) zero b ) 2.08*10-2 N/m2 c ) ) 5.82*10-2 N/m2 d ) ) 4.16*10-2 N/m2

245. Assume that the two parallel plates in above question are both stationary but that a
constant pressure gradient exists in the flow direction (i.e., dp/dx=constant ).The shape of
velocity profile will be

a ) Linear b ) Parabolic c ) Elliptic d ) Hyperbolic

246. A wing-body model is tested at sea level conditions at freestream velocity 70 m/s. The
wing area is 1.5 m2 and chord 0.474m. The moment about CG of the model while it was
producing no lift was found to be -6.4Nm. At some other angle of attack , lift and movement
about CG were measured to be 1800N & 10.67 Nm. What is the location of aerodynamic
center of this model?

a ) 2% behind CG b ) 2% ahead of CG c ) 4% behind CG d ) 4% ahead of CG

247. To model in above question some mass is added at the rear end such that CG moves
back by 20% of chord. What is the moment about CG when lift is 2000N?

a ) 0.0802 b ) 0.0625 c ) 0.0947 d ) 0.0461

248. For NACA 2412 airfoil , the lift coefficient and moment coefficient about quarter-chord
point at -6o angle of attack are -0.39 and -0.045 , respectively. At 4o angle of attack , these
coefficients are 0.65 & -0.037 , respectively . What is the location of its aerodynamic center?

a ) 24.2% of chord b ) 25.8% of chord c ) 24.8% of chord d ) 25.2% of chord

249. An oblique shock wave is formed at the leading edge of a 10o half wedge . The shock
wave angle is 28.94o and upstream velocity is 927.62 m/s . Calculate the density ratio across
the shockwave.

a ) 1.081 b ) 1.062 c ) 1.094 d ) 1.046

250. An airfoil is in a freestream where 𝑝∞ = 0.61 atm , 𝜌∞ = 0.819 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 , 𝑉∞ = 300𝑚/𝑠

At a point on the airfoil surface, the pressure is 0.5 atm. Assuming isentropic flow , calculate
the velocity at that point.

a ) 345 m/s b ) 308 m/s c ) 288 m/s d ) 212 m/s

251. Just upstream of a shock wave , the air temperature and pressure are 288K and 1 atm,
respectively; just downstream of the wave, the air temperature and pressure are 690K and
8.656 atm, respectively. Calculate the change in entropy across the wave.

a ) 205.4 j/kg-K b ) 346.90 j/kg-K c ) 258.2 j/kg-K d ) 210.52 j/kg-K

252. Consider a symmetric airfoil in a flow at an angle of attack , 𝛼.To eliminate the leading
edge suction peak, the leading edge is deflected downwards using a flap by an angle 𝛿𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑝 .
Which of the following is true?

a ) 𝛿𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑝 = 𝛼 b ) 𝛿𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑝 > 𝛼 c ) 𝛿𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑝 < 𝛼 d ) no such correlation

253. A fluid with a volumetric flow rate of 5m3/s enters the nozzle whose cross sectional
varies with x as A(x)=1/(1+x2). Assuming that the flow is parallel and uniform at each cross-
section , the acceleration at any point in the nozzle is

a ) 50(1 + 𝑥 2 ) b ) 50(𝑥 − 𝑥 3 ) c ) 50(1 − 𝑥 2 ) d ) 50(𝑥 + 𝑥 3 )

 ANSWERS

1. A 41. B 78. A
2. B 42. B 79. C
3. B 43. C 80. A
4. B
44. A 81. B
5. B
6. B 45. D 82. B
7. A 46. C 83. A
8. C 47. B 84. B
9. C 48. D 85. C
10. B 49. C 86. A
11. D 50. C 87. D
12. D
51. D 88. A
13. D
14. B 52. B 89. A
15. B 53. A 90. A
16. C 54. A 91. B
17. C 55. C 92. B
18. D 56. C 93. A
19. D 57. C 94. B
20. B
58. D 95. A
21. A
59. B 96. B
22. B
60. A 97. D
23. C
61. D 98. B
24. D
62. A 99. C
25. C
63. B 100. C
26. D
64. B 101. A
27. C
65. B 102. A
28. D
66. B 103. D
29. A
67. C 104. A
30. D
68. C 105. A
31. A
69. D 106. C
32. D
70. D 107. C
33. B
71. C 108. C
34. C
72. B 109. B
35. D
73. D 110. D
36. B
74. C 111. C
37. A
75. B 112. B
38. D
76. C 113. A
39. A
77. D 114. D
40. A
115. B 155. C 195. B
116. A 156. D 196. A
117. B 157. A 197. D
118. C 158. D 198. A
119. D 159. C 199. C
120. D 160. B 200. B
121. B 161. D 201. A
122. A 162. A 202. A and B
123. C 163. C 203. B
124. D 164. D 204. B
125. C 165. C 205. C
126. A 166. B 206. C
127. B 167. C 207. D
128. D 168. C 208. A
129. C 169. B 209. C
130. B 170. A 210. A
131. C 171. D 211. A
132. B 172. C 212. B
133. A 173. A 213. C
134. C 174. B 214. A
135. B 175. A 215. A
136. A 176. D 216. B
137. B 177. A 217. B
138. B 178. B 218. B
139. B 179. C 219. C
140. B 180. B 220. D
141. C 181. B 221. D
142. B 182. B 222. C
143. D 183. D 223. A
144. C 184. C 224. A
145. B 185. C 225. A
146. C 186. D 226. D
147. A 187. D 227. C
148. B 188. D 228. A
149. A 189. D 229. C
150. A 190. A 230. A
151. B 191. B 231. B
152. D 192. A 232. C
153. B 193. C 233. D
154. D 194. A 234. A
235. A 242. D 249. A
236. D 243. A 250. A
237. D 244. C 251. C
238. B 245. B 252. B
239. A 246. B 253. D
240. A 247. C
241. A 248. A