IPASJ International Journal of Information Technology (IIJIT)

Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJIT/IIJIT.htm

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Volume 6, Issue 7, July 2018 ISSN 2321-5976

Automatic Irrigation System Using Drones and

Internet of Things
K.Vidhya1, Dr.T.Nirmal raj2
1
Research scholar,SCSCMV University,Kanchipuram,Iindia
2
Assistant Professor ,SCSVMV University,kanchipuram,India

Abstract
Most of the Irrigation systems require Human inspection and continuous monitoring as well as the cumulative data
on history of crop management to increase the productivity and efficiency. Also Increase in labor costs made it
more difficult for the farmers. So there is a need of a system which is more cost effective and reduces the human
effort. The solution lies in the hands of Automatic irrigation system. Also most of the automatic irrigation systems
available requires a sensor placed in a field with a constant power source to measure the data. The accuracy of data
is directly proportional to the number of sensor placed in the field, which in turn increases the cost of the sensor as
well as the necessity to design a complex network design/protocol to regulate the data. The proposed system uses a
drone with pre-loaded geological data of crops and uses a single sensor to measure and collect data from the entire
field. Then it will be updated and stored in the cloud for instantaneous control for the user as well as to find
behavior of the crops over a span of time. The drones are controlled either through pre-defined algorithm or a user
can have rights to override the behavior/actions of drones. The proposed system will reduce the complexity of
creating a sensor network as well as troubleshooting the system requires less effort than most of the available
systems
Keywords: Drones, Sensor, Irrigation, Agriculture

1. INTRODUCTION

AUTOMATION IN AGRICULTURE
Agriculture has progressed significantly in the previous century. We deliver more nourishment than any other
time in recent memory however our present model is unsustainable, and as the total populace quickly approaches the 8
billion check, current sustenance creation strategies will require a radical change on the off chance that they will keep
up. However, fortunately, there's a scope of new innovations that may make it conceivable.
New rural innovations and methods have fought off the sharp starvations that Malthus anticipated. In spite of the
fact that once people needed to plant seeds randomly by hand, seed drills empowered farmers to sow them in long,
uniform lines. With steam-controlled tractors, farmers could furrow wide swaths of land, without the requirement for
lazy bulls. Sifting machines chop down the numerous hours gave to sifting by hand.

Fig 1.1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

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 IPASJ International Journal of Information Technology (IIJIT)
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With the total populace moving to perpetually amazing statures, and with monetary development taking into account
more prominent utilization, the world may require another rural transformation to manage itself. One response to the
issue may lie in robotization. While agribusiness has turned out to be progressively robotized in the course of the most
recent 200 years, the procedure is just quickening. New advances, and droves specifically, are enabling farmers to
enhance the proficiency of their harvests and domesticated animal’s creation, and also when you submit your paper
print it in one-column format, including figures and tables. In addition, designate one author as the “corresponding
author”. This is the author to whom proofs of the paper will be sent. Proofs are sent to the corresponding author only.
Rapidly kill dangers, for example, infection or dry spell.

1.2 DRONES IN AGRICULTURE

Examiners are attempting diverse things with different ways that Drones can be used as a piece of agribusiness,
beating these swords into plowshares. For cultivators, a champion among the most invigorating uses for meanders is
trim imaging. Using meanders equipped with multispectral sensors, agriculturists diagram their property, taking
pictures that reveal things like the extravagance of specific patches of soil, how much water the yields require, and that
is just a glimpse of a larger problem.
Already, agriculturists expected to rely upon satellite imaging to get such point by point maps of their region,
which was a genuinely monotonous process. Satellite imaging frequently incorporates 14 day between times, and issues
can rise in view of cloudy cover or diverse segments. With drifts "you can get it when you require, hypothetically."
That rapid turnaround isn't just useful; in circumstances where plants are affected by contamination or
irritations, it can be the differentiation between saving a procure or watching it kick the pail. Photosynthetic activity
lessens, and that impacts the chlorophyll and multispectral imaging can recognize these movements ideal on time,
before the issues end up being so remarkable as to convey signs that individuals can see.
This is because of chlorophyll, the particle that gives leaves their green shade, draws in evident light, while
reflecting a considerable measure of infrared light. Right when a plant is awful, it will mirror a more noteworthy
measure of the unmistakable light hitting it, and reflect less infrared waves. Infrared imaging can demonstrate
agriculturists if their plants are reflecting abnormal measures of light, tipping them off to issues.
Rural Drones have been changing the substance of developing and improvement overwhelmingly the past 3-5
years, and thoroughly changing the way that various agriculturists and distinctive components proceed ahead. This
Drones can check storm hurt, screen alter progress, and guarantee that the two items and group are strong.
Crop Monitoring and Analysis

Checking enormous fields of yield is a testing undertaking. New sensor and geo mapping developments are
empowering farmers to get a generously more lifted measure of data about their yields than they have previously.
Ground robots and Drones give a way to deal with accumulate this data self-governingly.
Gigantic fields and low capability in trim checking together make developing's greatest obstacle. Checking
challenges are exacerbated by continuously offbeat atmosphere conditions, which drive danger and field bolster costs.
In advance, satellite imagery offered the most uncommon sort of watching. However, there were drawbacks. Pictures
must be asked for early, could be taken just once every day, and were free. Further, organizations were to an awesome
degree costly and the photos' quality normally persevered on certain days. Today, time-game plan developments can
show the correct headway of a yield and reveal creation inefficient perspectives, engaging better collect organization.

2. RELATED WORK
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, are able to gather large amounts of information
cheaply and efficiently by virtue of their aerial perspective. Those data are a crucial element for Precision Agriculture,
using advanced tools and technologies to observe and measure conditions in the field and then respond appropriately to
optimize returns and preserve resources.

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 IPASJ International Journal of Information Technology (IIJIT)
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Figure: 2.1 Model of Proposed System

The Benefits of Drones for Agriculture

Drones can possibly change the ways smallholder farmers settle on key choices. Notwithstanding securing land
rights to farmers by mapping ranch limits and improving horticultural research, Drones can center agriculturists'
endeavors and assets in the field.
Drones can pinpoint key regions of yield pressure speedier and more productively than an agriculturist or
augmentation operator could through auspicious field observing or arbitrary examining. Farmers can distinguish zones
of concern prior and all the more accurately, which thusly improves the probability of accomplishment from a
satisfactory intercession.
Farmers likewise spare cash by treating regions of concern all the more accurately with exorbitant data sources
and killing costs identified with wide mediations on a whole field. At the point when layered with climate and climatic
data, Drones can help low resourced agriculturists envision stormy or dry periods and settle on better choices in regards
to pesticides, watering, and manures.
Drones additionally assist engage smallholder farmers with more data about their fields. By furnishing
agriculturists with "a superior point of view," smallholder farmers can decide how well their fields are getting along
and what steps they have to take to guarantee a decent yield.
Farmers pick up control when they have more data, and associations working Drone projects ought to guarantee
agriculturists see how and what data the Drones gather.
Pictures and maps gathered from agriculturists' fields ought to be made available to farmers, in a perfect world
at the same time amid the accumulation procedure, to guarantee the farmer is locked in all through the procedure. To
make this plausible, administrators ought to consider utilizing mapping innovation that doesn't depend on Web
associations.

CURRENT UAV CHALLENGES

Utilizing UAVs to increment rural efficiency of low resourced agriculturists isn't without its difficulties. The
greatest test, obviously, is taken a toll. In spite of the fact that the cost has diminished significantly finished the
previous couple of years, the cost of UAV administrations is still too high for most smallholder farmers in creating
nations to manage.
In any case, there is a developing business sector for UAV benefits in creating horticulture. Medium to
expansive scale farmers are likely all the more ready and ready to pay for ramble administrations, and smallholder
agriculturists can consolidate with others shut in collaboration to decrease costs for the individual smallholder
agriculturist. UAV administrators can likewise team up with advancement associations with assets to build access of
Drones to low resourced farmers.
Social mindfulness and government controls of UAVs can likewise upset the utilization of UAVs in tending to
the farming yield hole. Some rustic groups can be new to UAVs and justifiably reluctant about their utilization in the
group.
Associations working Drones are urged to work with groups to encourage purchase in and comprehension of
their utilization and advantages to farmers. Government UAV directions, or scarcity in that department, can likewise

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 IPASJ International Journal of Information Technology (IIJIT)
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confine the utilization of Drones for farming purposes. Around 77% of African nations need ramble directions, which
can make it troublesome for associations elevating ramble use to work.
One best practice specialists shared to address this test, in any case, is to secure a letter from the administration
Service identified with horticulture or innovation allowing the utilization of Drones for agrarian utilize.

COMMUNICATION BETWEEN DRONE AND SENSOR UNIT

The sensor network communicates with the drone using the SENT Protocol. It helps in monitoring of sensor network
in case of failure in the sensor node.

3. IMPLEMENTATION

Simulink to model a toy quadcopter, based on the Parrot (R) series of mini-drones, to help estimate the snow
levels on the MathWorks Apple Hill campus roof.
 To manage the model and source files, it uses Simulink® Projects.
 To show the quadcopter in a three-dimensional environment, it uses Simulink® 3D Animation.
 For the collaborative development of a flight simulation application, it provides an implementation of the Flight
Simulation application template

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 IPASJ International Journal of Information Technology (IIJIT)
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The interface has several panels:

Waypoints
This panel describes the poses the trajectory tool requires. To define these poses, the panel uses text boxes:
 North and East (position in meters)
 Heading (degrees from North)
 Curvature (turning curvature in meters^-1)
 Turn (direction clockwise or counter-clockwise)
A list of poses appears in the waypoint list to the right of the text boxes.
To add a waypoint, enter pose values in the edit boxes and click Add. The new waypoint appears in the
waypoint list in the same panel.
To edit the characteristics of a waypoint, select the waypoint in the list and click Edit. The characteristics of
the waypoints display in the edit boxes. Edit the characteristics as desired, then click OK. To cancel the changes,
click Cancel.
To delete a waypoint, in the waypoint list, select the waypoint and click Delete.
No-Fly Zone
The panel defines the location and characteristics of the no-fly zones. To define the no-fly zone, the panel uses text
boxes:
 North and East (position in meters)
 Radius (distance in meters)
 Margin (safety margin in meters)
Use the Add, Delete, Edit, OK, and Cancel buttons in the same way as for the Waypoints panel.

Mapped Trajectory
This panel plots the trajectory over the Apple Hill campus aerial schematic based on the waypoints and no-fly
zone characteristics.
 To generate the trajectory, add the waypoint and no-fly zone characteristics to the respective panels, then
click Generate Trajectory.
 To save the trajectory that is currently in your panel, click the Save button. This button only saves your last
trajectory.
 To load the last saved trajectory, click Load.
 To load the default trajectory, press the Load Default button.
 To clear the values in the waypoint and no-fly zone panel, click Clear.
The default data contains poses for specific locations at which the toy quadcopter uses its cameras so the pilot
on the ground can estimate the height of the snow on the roof. Three no-fly zones were defined for each of the auxiliary
power generators, so in case there is a failure in the quadcopter, it does not cause any damage to the campus
infrastructure.
When the example generates the trajectory for the default data, the plot should appear as follows:

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 IPASJ International Journal of Information Technology (IIJIT)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJIT/IIJIT.htm
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The red line represents the trajectory, black x markers determine either a change in the trajectory or a specific
pose. Blue lines that represent the heading for that specific waypoint accompany specific poses. No-fly zones are
represented as green circles.
If you have a Simulink 3D Animation license, you can also view the trajectory in a 3-D representation of the
Apple Hill campus.

4 .CONCLUSION

The advancement of drones is furnishing farmers with inventive innovative highlights and abilities to expand ideal
outcomes in agriculture. Utilizing drone innovation empowers farmers to make extensive progress contrasted with
manual application (around thirty to fifty sections of land), in this manner lessening time and cost in this procedure.
Utilizing soil examination strategies, drones additionally give the capacity to detect appropriate landscape conditions
for ideal outcomes, while likewise exhibiting ability to plant seeds joined with sustaining substances which energize
seed development. As indicated by information created by MIT Technology Review, the usage of drones for ranch
purposes has expanded take-up rates of seeds by 75%, while essentially decreasing the money related preparing cost (-
85%).
Harvest support may likewise be helped, with drone-based checking frameworks distinguishing potential yields
which are not thriving. Programming created by tech-organizations like AgHawk, empower flight ways to be modified
into gadgets, which can track changes after some time. The information delivered amid flights is carefully connected
and transferred, giving effective chronicle and following of agriculture. Responsive techniques may then be executed to
target consumptions in a convenient way. Utilizing
Drones to screen the wellbeing and position of domesticated animals may likewise be actioned, however drones do
represent a potential danger of upsetting creatures, featuring alert around there of utilization. Recording and checking
yield and domesticated animals implies issues can be archived, in this manner giving authenticate prove in case of
claiming protection. In that capacity, drones can offer a two dimensional way to deal with help farmers by going about
as an underlying defensive and guarded instrument to react to issues, and supporting reparations in the result of an
unmanageable issues.
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Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJIT/IIJIT.htm
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