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TABLE OF CONTENT .......................................................................................... i
ENGLISH GRAMMAR .......................................................................................... 1
1. Tenses ............................................................................................................ 1
2. Passive Voice ................................................................................................. 6
3. Preposition ..................................................................................................... 8
4. Degrees Comparison ..................................................................................... 10
5. Quantity Expression ...................................................................................... 12
6. Question Tag ................................................................................................. 14
CONCLUTION........................................................................................................ 15
REFERANCES ........................................................................................................ ii
WEBSITE ................................................................................................................. iii
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
1. Tenses
Tenses is form of the verb in English to show the time (present, future, or past)
the occurrence of an act or event.
1. Present Tense
We use present tense for things that are true in general, or for things that
happen sometimes or all the time. We use present tense with
always/never/often/sometimes/usually. In present tense we can find 2
formulas.
Formulas I:
(+) S + be(am, are, is) + …
(-) S + be(am, are, is)+not + …
(?) be(am, are, is) + S + … ?
We use formulas I when in sentence with adjective, noun, or adverb (non
verb).
Example:
𝐻𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑢𝑔ℎ.
(+) 𝑆 𝑏𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒
I am
You, They, We are
She, He, It is
Formulas II:
(+) S + V1(-s/-es) + …
(-) S + do/does+not + V1 +…
(?) do/does + S + V1+ … ?
We use Formulas II when in sentence with verb.
Example:
𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑘𝑙𝑢𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑇𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑑𝑎𝑦.
(+) 𝑆 V1(−s/−es) 𝑂 𝑎𝑑𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑏 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑑𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑘𝑙𝑢𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑇𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑑𝑎𝑦.
(-) 𝑆 𝑎𝑢𝑥𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑟𝑦+𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑉1 𝑂 𝑎𝑑𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑏 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
I, You, They, We do
She, He, It does
2. Past Tense
This tense to indicate that an event occurred in the past. We use past tense
with yesterday/last…/…ago. In past tense we can find 2 formulas.
Formulas I:
(+) S + was/were + …
(-) S + was/were+not + …
(?) was/were + S + … ?
We use formulas I when in sentence with adjective, noun, or adverb (non
verb).
Example:
𝑆ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑦𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑦.
(+) 𝑆 𝑏𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑏 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
Formulas II:
(+) S + V2 + …
(-) S + did+not + V1 + …
(?) did + S + V1 + … ?
We use formulas II when in sentence with verb.
Example:
𝑀𝑦 𝐹𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑤𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝐽𝑎𝑘𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑎 𝑦𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑦.
(+) 𝑆 V2 𝑎𝑑𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑏 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑏 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝑀𝑦 𝐹𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑑 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑔𝑜 𝑡𝑜 𝐽𝑎𝑘𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑎 𝑦𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑦.
(-) 𝑆 auxiliary+not 𝑉1 𝑎𝑑𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑏 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑏 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
Formulas II:
(+) S + will/shall + V1 + …
(-) S + will/shall+not + V1 + …
(?) will/shall + S + V1 + … ?
Example:
𝐼 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑒𝑎𝑡
(+) 𝑆 𝑎𝑢𝑥𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑉1
Formulas II:
(+) S + have/has + V3 + …
(-) S + have/has+not + V3 + …
(?) have/has + S + V3 + …
We use Formulas II when in sentence with verb.
Example:
𝐼 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑡𝑦 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠.
(+) 𝑆 𝑎𝑢𝑥𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑉3 𝑂 𝑎𝑑𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑏 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
The rules not use if syllables to end in –less, -full, -ly adverb of manner use
more/most.
Example:
- More clearly
- More curelessly
- Most carefull
- More hapefully
- More careless
And if:
6. Question Tag
Question tag is short questions were added at the end of a statement (declarative
sentence) to ask for information or asking for approval.
Rules:
1. Positive sentence, negative question tag
2. Negative sentence, positive question tag
Example:
On tense we learned present tense, past tense, future tense, present continuous tense,
and present perfect tense. We use present tense for things that are true in general, or for
things that happen sometimes or all the time. Past tense is to indicate that an event
occurred in the past. Future tense is to declare that an action happens in the future, either
spontaneously, or planned. Present continuous tense is to discuss action the ongoing
current or future plans.
On preposition we learned preposition on, in, at, beside,, behind, between, and under.
On quantity expression we learned quantity expression some, any, , many, much, a lot
of, few and a few, little and a little, both, several and all.
Yuniar Sip, Tanti. 2007. Kamus Bahasa Inggris – Indonesia dan Indonesia – Inggris.
Surabaya: Agung Media Mulia.
WEBSITE