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NPT
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Pipe Sticking
Mechanisms:
Differential Pipe Sticking
Mechanical Pipe Sticking
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Causes
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Example:
Determine the magnitude of differential force across a permeable
zone of 50 ft in thickness using the following:
• Differential pressure-500 psi
• Area of contact-20% of drill pipe perimeter,
Drilling Technolo gy - Ho le Pro blems
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Solution
Perimeter of Drill Pipe= x OD =15.71 in
Differential force =(Hs-Pf) x h x 20% x 15.71
=500 x(50 ft x 12in) x 20% x
Drilling T echnology - H ole Prob le ms
15.71
=942,600 lb
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Considerations:
Are there pressurised zones in the open hole.
Will exposed zones kick if hydrostatic pressure
is reduced.
Mechanical stability of formation
Confidence level in pore pressure estimates
Volumes of fluids required to carry out
operations.
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Methods
– Circulation & reducing mud weight
– Displacing choke
– U-Tube Method.
Drilling Technolo gy - Ho le Pro blems
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Disadvantages
1. Slow and time dependent method
2. Overload on surface pit handling capability.
3. Kick detection could be difficult
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Displacing Choke
Disadvantages
1. Amount of reduction in hydrostatic head is
limited to water depth.
2. Applicable mainly for Offshore operations.
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U-Tube Method
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Mechanical Sticking
Causes-
Bridging or Hole Packing off
Formation and BHA (Wellbore Geometry)
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Brittle Shale
– Caused by tangential stresses around the wellbore.
– Tends to break free and sloughing into hole.
Swelling Shale
– Caused by hydrational processes or osmotic potential
Drilling Technolo gy - Ho le Pro blems
Prevention
– Use inhibited mud or displace to OBM.
– Addition of various salts will reduce chemical
attraction between shale and water.
– Reduce exposure time.
– Good hole cleaning.
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and drag.
Remedy
– Use mud system with an impermeable filter cake
– Reduction of flow rate.
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Remedies
– Minimize rat hole to maximum 5ft ensuring good
tail cement is placed around shoe.
– Recommended to start circulation 2 or 3 stands
above expected top of cement.
– WOB should be kept to absolute minimum.
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hats etc.
Junks can also fall from broken packer
elements, liner hanger slips and metal pieces
from milling operations.
Remedies
– Hole covered on surface when no tools are run
down hole.
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Development Phase
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Bit Balling
Remedies
– Using inhibited mud systems which prevent
dispersion of clay particles.
– Small percentages of glycol.
– Using OBM and increasing salinity.
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Tight Hole
clays or salt.
Remedies
Symptoms
– Increased torque
– High pump pressures.
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