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Divisors

• It is a branch of mathematics concerned with integers and their properties,

• No decimals and fraction.

• Like whole numbers but including negatives.

Divisibility Rules

2 if the last digit is even number like 0, 2,4,6,8


3 divides n if the sum of the digits is divisible by 3
example 381. 3+8+1 =12. It is divisible by 3.
4 divides n if the number formed by the last two (2) digits is divisible by 4
example: 1312. 1312 = 12 is divisible by 4.
5 divides n if the last digit is either 0 or 5
example: 100 and 135

6 divides n if it is divisible by 2 and it is divisible by 3

Example: 114 it is divisible by 2 because its last number is even

And the sum of the digits is divisible by 3

7 To find out if 7 divides n, take the last digit, double it, and subtract it from the rest of the number
a. If you get an answer divisible by 7 (including zero), then the original number is divisible by seven.
b. If you don't know the new number's divisibility, you can apply the rule again
Example : 672 = 672 2x2 =4 67-4 = 63, if not sure if 63 is divisible. You can try again.
63 = 3x2 = 6. 6-6 = zero.

8 divides n if the number formed by the last three digits is divisible by 8


example: 109,816. 816 is divisible by 8.

9 divides n if the sum of the digits is divisible by 9


example: 1629, 1+6+2+9 =18. 18 is divisible by 9.

10 divides n if the last digit is 0.


Examples: 100, 19,090 210 etc.
11 divides n if the difference between the sum of one set of alternate digits (from left to right) and the sum of the
other set of alternate digits (from left to right) is 0 or divisible by 11
example: 75152. 75152 = 7 + 1 + 2 =10 and 5 + 5 = 10 then 10 – 10 = 0.

• 12 divides n, if the number is divisible by both 3 and 4 (it passes both the 3 rule and 4 rule)
Example: 648 because 6+4+8 = 18 is divisible by 3. And 48 is divisible by 4.
PRIME numbers
These are positive integers p (greater than 1) that cannot be divided by any number except themselves
and one (1)
Example is 7. You can only divide it by 1 and its self.
If you divide it using different numbers like 2, the result will not be integers.

Composite Numbers

• These are positive integers that is greater than 1 and is not prime
• It can be divided by at least one (1) other number (a factor) other than itself

Example is 6, because you can divide it to 1, to 2, to 3, and to its self.


Or as simple as it does not apply the prime number rules.

Greatest Common Divisor

• It is the largest non-zero integer d that is a common divisor of all the given integers if d | a and d | b
Example: is 30, 45
All possible divisor will be collected
for 30 is {1,3,5,6,10,15,30} and for 45 is {1,3,5,9,15,45} their commons are 1,3,5,15. And the greatest is
15. So the GCD of 30 and 45 is 15.

Least Common Multiple


• It is the smallest integer that is a common multiple (denominator) of all the given integers
Example: 4,6
Write down 5 multiple of each.
4 = 4,8,12,16,20,24
6 = 6,12,18,24,30
Their commons are 12, and 24 but the lease of them is 12. So their CLM is 12

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