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Acasa > Impact > Analize > Punctaj: 339 | Voturi: 111 | Opinii: 0 | Cititori: 472 | Accesări: 595
Autor: Marian Nuţu Cârpaci Publicat în: Ediţia nr. 2216 din 24 ianuarie 2017 Toate Articolele Autorului
He did not choose the best verb. All serious linguists choose the verb “to
do”. If this verb were chosen, one would see that in India it is pronounced K R
(“do!”, imperative), exactly as the Kalderash Roma pronounce it (stratum III).
The Arli Roma say KER, a less frequent pronunciation in India. Thus, M.
Courthiade's theory is damaged. The pronunciation -diom versus -dem is not
conclusive, because in India, the conjugation of the verb “to do” is VO
K RDIYA - “he did”, just as the Kalderash Roma pronounce it. In India, the
pronunciation “ k rdea” also exists, but I will be discussing this in a future
article. In Hindi, the conjugation K RDIYA is used for the first, second and
third persons singular. Thus, Indians say: “me k rde(o)m” - “I did”, “ tu
k rdean” - “you did”, “vo/voi k rdia” - “he/she did”. In a following article, I
will show that the Roma inherited these forms of pronunciation and
conjugation from India.
The suffix -imo(s) has been the stumbling block for all linguists and
tsiganologists. They assumed that the Roma acquired it from Greece following
a long stay in the Byzantine Empire. A noun is constructed from an adjective
with this suffix: shukar – beautiful, shukarimos – beauty, alternatively
shukaripen. Or, mishto – well, mishtimos/mishtipen – kindness. M.
Courthiade and all the tsiganologists and professors assumed that the
Kalderash Roma acquired the suffix in Greece. Therefore, they placed the Arli-
type dialects in first place because the -ipen suffix is Indian. Even though Mr.
Gheorghe Sarau's book (1) gives no origin for the -ipen suffix; a book which
examines in detail the theory of strata developed by Marcel Courthiade.
But, because only those who seek may find, I have discovered that, in
fact, the suffix -imos has a Sanskrito-Prakrit origin. Had the tsiganologists
practised Yoga, they would have found that certain mystical Yogic powers (2)
use the suffix -ima, for example “lagh+ima” – “easiness”, (lokh+imo) in
Romani.
“Kokalo – bone” also thought to have been borrowed from Greek into
Romani, appears as “kagkala” in Sanskrit - “skeleton”:
http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=kaGkAla&direction = SE &
script = HK & link = yes & beginning = 0
A changing into O
Although Mr. Mishra (3) was not concerned with Romani, because the
latter is an Indian language, it is governed by the same grammatical principles.
Moreover, the Romani -imo suffix is considered by all linguists studying the
Romani language to be borrowed from Greek, thus suggesting that the groups
who use it are not speaking correctly. The discovery that the -imo suffix is
Indian is ours, based on the work of Mr. Mishra. With the help of Mr. Mishra's
work, I have discovered that the Romani suffixes -imo, -ibe, and -po are in fact
present in Sanskrit, in forms practically identical to those in Romani. The
Indian suffix -ana (in “khana” - food) is in fact analogous to the Indian suffixes
-ima, -pan and -po. In fact, the Romani word habe/habo/haipo/hamos -
“food”, is suffixed differently to the Indian word “khana”, but all the suffixes
are Indian, including -imos, not only the -iben and -ipen variants. The Lovari
Roma, for example, indiscriminately use haben, hamos, hamo, hapo! I would
be curious to know how M. Courthiade would classify the Lovari Roma.
Moreover, the work of Mr. Gheorghe Sarau, in which are cited M. Courthiade's
examples, does not state the geographical origins of the -ibe/-ipo suffixes. The
irony is that the -imo/-ima suffix is, if not the most ancient, for it is found in
Apabhramsha Prakrit, at least as ancient as suffixes in the -iben group.
Regarding the alteration of the final -a to -o (from the Prakrit suffix -ima), it
reminds us of the alteration of the alteration of the Hindi adjective “kala –
black” to “kalo” in Bengali, Nepali, Rajasthani and Romani. The Roma
sometimes pronounce the suffix -imo as -ima (rishima - “conflict”, in the
Crimean Roma dialect), just as in Sanskrit, and -imoh or -imas (feminine noun
“anklimasta” - “exit” in Gurbet dialect; “patsima” - “opinion” in Kalderash).
M. Courthiade decided that the dialects in which the word for “water”
takes the form “pani” were more archaic than those which use the form “pai”.
But in Sanskrit, this word takes the form पाय “paya” - “water” (4). What he
forgot to say was that both in Hindi and Romani, the noun “pani” has the
feminine ending (ni), but is masculine. In Romani, the masculine gender is
indicated by adding the definite article “o” and in Hindi, it is known by long
tradition (5). This phenomenon is considered as an exception in Hindi. In
Romani, it is also exceptional. The conclusion is that, despite the hundreds of
years that have elapsed since the exodus from India, the form of the word
“pani” - “water” has been retained as masculine, despite its feminine ending,
in both languages.
The Romani language confirms it itself
M. Courthiade chose the forms po/mai. “Po” is of Slavic origin and “mai”
is Romanian. Examples: “mai mishto / po mishto” - “better”.
The only correct dialects are those which use -eder to express the
comparative degree: “mishteder” - “better”. This form is derived from the
Sanskrit comparative form “-tara”. M. Courthiade took no account of this
issue.
M. Courthiade did not manage to remember that all Romani dialects use
the Greek definite articles “o” and “i”. Therefore, the dialects which he
declared to be Stratum I are comparable to those of Stratum II or III. In
consequence, all the dialects are equal, because they use the same Greek
definite articles, just like the -imos suffix. But, as we have just shown, the -
imos suffix is also Indian.
The article (6) on the linguistic archaeology of the -imo suffix, in which it
was demonstrated that its origin is Indian and not Greek (Indo-European),
was published in the Yearbook of the General Society of Anthropology of
Prahova, no. 2/2017 under the title “The Roma people, the people of the
language. Aspects taken into account in attempting to establish a literary
language”, written by the current author.
2-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siddhi#Eight_primary_siddhis
4-
http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=pAya&direction=SE&script=HK&link
=yes&beginning=
5-https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Hindi_Lessons/Lesson_4 : "But
exceptions exist. for e.g., the following end in -ī (-ee) but are masculine: पानी
(paanī) = water पक्षी (pakshī) = bird."
a-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glottochronology
b-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swadesh_list
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