136 Chapter 14 The Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory

Section 14.1 Molecular Mass, the Mole, and Avogadro’s Number

 1. Complete the following statement: The atomic mass unit (u) is defined so that 1 u is exactly equal
to the mass of
(a) a single hydrogen atom. (d) 1/32 of an oxygen molecule.
(b) 1/4 of a helium molecule. (e) 1/12 of a carbon-12 atom.
(c) 1/16 of an oxygen-16 atom.

 2. Which one of the following statements concerning the mole is false?

(a) The mole is related to Avogadro's number.
(b) The mole is defined in terms of the carbon-12 isotope.
(c) The mole is the SI base unit for expressing the “amount” of a substance.
(d) One mole of a substance has the same mass as one mole of any other substance.
(e) One mole of a substance contains the same number of particles as one mole of any other
substance.

 3. How many molecules are in 0.064 kg of sulfur dioxide, SO2? (atomic masses: S = 32 u; O = 16 u)
(a) 3 (c) 2.00  1024 (e) 3.85  1025
(b) 64 (d) 6.02  10 23

 4. What is the mass of 1.5 moles of hydrogen molecules, H2? (atomic mass of H = 1 u)
(a) 0.0063 g (c) 0.0082 kg (e) 0.022 kg
(b) 0.0030 kg (d) 0.015 kg

 5. How many moles are in a 0.23-kg sample of carbon dioxide, CO 2? (atomic masses: C = 12 u;
O = 16 u)
(a) 5.2 (c) 230 (e) 1.4  1026
(b) 52 (d) 1.1  10 4

 6. Two pure samples of atoms, labeled A and B, contain oxygen atoms and carbon atoms, respectively.
Each sample contains the same number of atoms. What is the ratio of the mass of sample B to that of
sample A, mB/mA? Note the following atomic masses: C = 12 u; O = 16 u.
(a) 1.0 (c) 2.0 (e) 0.75
(b) 0.5 (d) 1.5

 7. A gold coin has a mass of 24.75 g. If the atomic mass of gold is 192.967 u, how many gold
atoms are in the coin?
(a) 7.724  1022 (c) 3.812  1023 (e) 1.390  1025
(b) 9.158  10 22
(d) 5.526  10 24

 8. The density of diamond, a form of carbon, is 3520 kg/m 3. If the atomic mass of carbon is 12.011 u,
how many carbon atoms are there in a solid diamond sphere with a radius of 0.033 m?
(a) 5.16  1026 atoms (c) 2.08  1026 atoms (e) 4.90  1028 atoms
(b) 1.04  10 atoms
27
(d) 2.66  10 atoms
25

 9. What is the mass of an oxygen molecule, O2, if the atomic mass of oxygen is 15.9994 u?
(a) 2.657  10–26 kg (c) 3.200  10–25 kg (e) 1.927  10–23 kg
(b) 5.313  10–26 kg (d) 6.400  10–25 kg

Section 14.2 The Ideal Gas Law

137 Chapter 14 The Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory

 10. Which one of the following statements best explains why gases are not commercially sold by volume?
(a) Gas volume is negligible.
(b) Gas volume is difficult to measure.
(c) Gas volume depends on the type of gas.
(d) Gases have comparatively low densities.
(e) Gas volume depends on temperature and pressure.

 11. Note the following six properties:

(1) number of molecules (3) temperature (5) latent heat
(2) moment of inertia (4) pressure (6) volume
Which four of the listed properties are needed to describe an ideal gas?
(a) 1, 2, 4, 6 (c) 1, 3, 4, 6 (e) 2, 4, 5, 6
(b) 1, 3, 5, 6 (d) 1, 4, 5, 6

 12. A sample of neon gas at 20 °C is confined to a cylinder with a movable piston. The gas is then
heated until its pressure is doubled. What is the final temperature of the gas?
(a) 10 °C (c) 313 °C (e) This cannot be found since the
final
(b) 40 °C (d) 586 °C and initial volumes are unknown.

 13. A sample of a monatomic ideal gas is originally at 20 °C. What is the final temperature of the
gas if both the pressure and volume are doubled?
(a) 5 °C (c) 80 °C (e) 1200 °C
(b) 20 °C (d) 900 °C

 14. An ideal gas at 0 °C is contained within a rigid vessel. The temperature of the gas is increased
by 1 C°. What is Pf/Pi, the ratio of the final to initial pressure?
(a) 273/274 (c) 1/2 (e) 1/273
(b) 274/273 (d) 1/10

 15. Neon gas at 20 °C is confined within a rigid vessel. The gas is then heated until its pressure is
doubled. What is the final temperature of the gas?
(a) 10 °C (c) 40 °C (e) 586 °C
(b) 20 °C (d) 313 °C

 16. Argon gas at 305 K is confined within a constant volume at a pressure P1. If the gas has a
pressure P2 when it is cooled to 195 K, what is the ratio of P2 to P1?
(a) 0.410 (c) 0.717 (e) 1.56
(b) 0.639 (d) 1.28

 17. In the space between two stars, the temperature of a gas cloud is 12 K; and the density of the gas
is 1.2  108 atom/m3. What is the absolute pressure of the gas?
(a) 2.0  1030 Pa (c) 2.0  1017 Pa (e) 1.4  104 Pa
28 6
(b) 1.2  10 Pa (d) 1.2  10 Pa

 18. An ideal gas is confined within a closed cylinder at atmospheric pressure (1.013  105 Pa) by a
piston. The piston moves until the volume of the gas is reduced to one-ninth of the initial
volume. What is the final pressure of the gas when its temperature returns to its initial value?
(a) 9.117  105 Pa (c) 4.559  105 Pa (e) 1.013  105 Pa
(b) 6.447  10 Pa
5
(d) 3.102  10 Pa
5

 19. Heat is supplied to a sample of a monatomic ideal gas at 40 °C. It is observed that the gas expands
until its volume is doubled and the pressure drops to half of its original value. What is the final
temperature of the gas?
Physics, 7e TEST BANK 138

(a) 10 °C (c) 40 °C (e) 1600 °C

(b) 20 °C (d) 80 °C

 20. An ideal gas with a fixed number of molecules is maintained at a constant pressure. At 30.0 °C,
the volume of the gas is 1.50 m 3. What is the volume of the gas when the temperature is increased
to 75.0 °C?
(a) 0.60 m3 (c) 1.72 m3 (e) 3.75 m3
(b) 1.30 m3 (d) 2.45 m3

 21. The volume of a carbon dioxide bubble rising in a glass of beer is observed to nearly double as
the bubble rises from the bottom to the top of the glass. Why, according to our textbook, does the
volume nearly double?
(a) The temperature at the bottom is cooler than it is at the top.
(b) The amount of carbon dioxide in the bubble increases.
(c) The fluid pressure of the beer is greater at the bottom of the glass than at the top.
(d) The pressure inside the bubble decreases as it rises.
(e) The shape of the glass determines the net force exerted on the bubble.

 22. A sealed container has a volume of 0.020 m 3 and contains 15.0 g of molecular nitrogen (N2)
which has a molecular mass of 28.0 u. The gas is at a temperature of 525 K. What is the
absolute pressure of the nitrogen gas?
(a) 3.9  1019 Pa (c) 1.2  105 Pa (e) 4.3  106 Pa
5
(b) 4.3  10 Pa (d) 1.9  10 Pa
5

 23. The temperature of a monatomic ideal gas with a mass per mole of 0.00750 kg/mol is 294 K.
The absolute pressure of the gas is 1.05  105 Pa when its volume is 1.31  10–3 m3. What is the
mass of the gas?
(a) 8.04  10–5 kg (c) 4.22  10–4 kg (e) 1.19  10–3 kg
(b) 1.92  10 kg
–4
(d) 7.66  10 kg
–4

 24. An ideal gas is contained in a vessel with a moveable piston. Initially, the gas has a volume of
0.018 m3, an absolute pressure of 1.5 atm, and a temperature of 30.0 °C. The pressure is 0.75 atm
when the volume of the container is decreased to 0.009 m 3. What is the final temperature of the
gas?
(a) 76 K (c) 170 K (e) 300 K
(b) 98 K (d) 240 K

Section 14.3 Kinetic Theory of Gases

 25. Complete the following statement: The absolute temperature of an ideal gas is directly proportional to
(a) the number of molecules in the sample.
(b) the average momentum of a molecule of the gas.
(c) the average translational kinetic energy of the gas.
(d) the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the gas by 1 C°.
(e) the relative increase in volume of the gas for a temperature increase of 1 C°.

 26. Which one of the following properties of a gas is not consistent with kinetic theory?
(a) The average speed of the gas molecules is smaller at high temperatures.
(b) Gas molecules are widely separated.
(c) Gases fill whatever space is available to them.
139 Chapter 14 The Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory

(d) Gas molecules move rapidly in a random fashion.

(e) Gas molecules make elastic collisions with the walls of the containing vessel.

 27. Which one of the following statements concerning a collection of gas molecules at a certain
temperature is true?
(a) All molecules move with the same velocity.
(b) Most of the molecules have the same kinetic energy.
(c) The lower the temperature, the greater are the molecular speeds.
(d) All molecules possess the same momentum.
(e) The molecules have a range of kinetic energies.

 28. At what temperature would one mole of molecular oxygen (O 2) have 5.0  103 J of translational
kinetic energy? Note: the atomic mass of O is 16 u.
(a) 130 °C (c) 400 °C (e) 1000 °C
(b) 390 °C (d) 670 °C

 29. A five-liter tank contains 2.00 moles of oxygen gas, O2, at 40 °C. What pressure is exerted on the
sides of the tank by the oxygen molecules?
(a) 83.3 Pa (c) 1.33  105 Pa (e) 1.04  106 Pa
(b) 4.01  10 Pa
3
(d) 4.01  10 Pa
5

 30. A 1.00  102 m3 flask contains 0.0160 kg of oxygen gas, O2, at 77.0 °C. What is the pressure exerted
on the inner walls of the flask by the oxygen gas? Note: the atomic mass of O is 15.9994 u.
(a) 3.19  104 Pa (c) 2.90  105 Pa (e) 4.87  106 Pa
(b) 1.45  10 Pa
5
(d) 5.79  10 Pa
5

 31. Consider two ideal gases, A and B, at the same temperature. The rms speed of the molecules of
gas A is twice that of gas B. How does the molecular mass of A compare to that of B?
(a) The molecular mass of A is twice that of B.
(b) The molecular mass of A is one half that of B.
(c) The molecular mass of A is 1.4 times that of B.
(d) The molecular mass of A is one fourth that of B.
(e) The molecular mass of A is four times that of B.

 32. Under which of the following conditions would you expect real gases to approach ideal behavior?
(a) low temperature and low pressure (d) high temperature and high pressure
(b) high temperature and low pressure (e) high temperature and high density
(c) low temperature and high pressure
 33. Two moles of a monatomic gas with an rms speed of 254 m/s are contained in a tank that has a
volume of 0.15 m 3. If each gas particle has a mass of 6.642  10–26 kg, what is the absolute
pressure of the gas?
(a) 2.3  105 Pa (c) 6.8  104 Pa (e) 3.4  104 Pa
(b) 1.1  10 Pa
4
(d) 5.4  10 Pa
4

 34. Which one of the following factors is directly responsible for the pressure exerted by a confined gas?
(a) the atomic mass of the gas
(b) the density of the sample of molecules
(c) the temperature of the sample of molecules
(d) the collision of gas molecules with the sides of the containing vessel
(e) the average translational kinetic energy of the molecules

 35. Complete the following statement: A bicycle tire explodes after lying in the hot afternoon sun.
This is an illustration of
(a) Charles' law. (c) Fick's law. (e) the Maxwell speed
Physics, 7e TEST BANK 140

(b) Boyle's law. (d) the ideal gas law. distribution.

 36. Complete the following statement: The internal energy of an ideal monatomic gas is
(a) proportional to the pressure and inversely proportional to the volume of the gas.
(b) independent of the number of moles of the gas.
(c) proportional to the Kelvin temperature of the gas.
(d) dependent on both the pressure and the temperature of the gas.
(e) a constant that is independent of pressure, volume or temperature.

 37. Complete the following statement: The pressure exerted by a monatomic, ideal gas on the walls
of its containing vessel is a measure of
(a) the molecular kinetic energy per unit volume.
(b) the average random kinetic energy per molecule.
(c) the temperature of the gas, regardless of the volume of the vessel.
(d) the total internal energy of the gas, regardless of the volume of the vessel.
(e) the momentum per unit volume.

 38. A mixture of two ideal gases A and B is in thermal equilibrium at 600 K. A molecule of A has
one-fourth the mass of a molecule of B and the rms speed of molecules of A is 400 m/s.
Determine the rms speed of molecules of B.
(a) 100 m/s (c) 400 m/s (e) 1600 m/s
(b) 200 m/s (d) 800 m/s

 39. A canister containing 150 kg of an ideal gas has a volume of 8.0 m 3. If the gas exerts a pressure
of 5.0  105 Pa, what is the rms speed of the molecules?
(a) 160 m/s (c) 350 m/s (e) 420 m/s
(b) 280 m/s (d) 390 m/s

 40. A physics student looks into a microscope and observes that small particles suspended in water
are moving about in an irregular motion. Which of the following statements is the best
explanation for this observation?
(a) Water molecules strike the particles giving them the same average kinetic energy as the water.
(b) The particles are carried by convection currents in the water.
(c) The small particles may be considered a fluid; and thus, move about randomly.
(d) The actual motion is regular, but the speeds of particles are too large to observe that motion.
(e) The particles are moving to be uniformly distributed throughout the volume of the water.
 41. A flask contains 1.00 mole of oxygen gas, O2, at 0.00 °C and 1.013  105 Pa. What is the rms
speed of the molecules? Note: the atomic mass of O is 16 u.
(a) 230 m/s (c) 651 m/s (e) 1302 m/s
(b) 460 m/s (d) 920 m/s

 42. A tank contains 135 moles of the monatomic gas argon at a temperature of 15.3 °C. How much
energy must be added to the gas to increase its temperature to 45.0 °C?
(a) 2.50  103 J (c) 5.00  104 J (e) 7.50  106 J
(b) 3.33  10 J
4
(d) 5.70  10 J
5

 43. A gas molecule with a molecular mass of 32.0 u has a speed of 325 m/s. What is the temperature
of the gas molecule?
(a) 72.0 K (c) 305 K (e) A temperature cannot be
(b) 136 K (d) 459 K assigned to a single molecule.

 44. Calculate the rms speed of the oxygen molecules in the air if the temperature is 5.00 °C.
Note: The mass of the oxygen molecule is 31.9988 u.
(a) 62.0 m/s (c) 328 m/s (e) 487 m/s
(b) 86.3 m/s (d) 465 m/s
141 Chapter 14 The Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory

 45. What is the internal energy of 1.75 kg of helium (atomic mass = 4.00260 u) with a temperature of
100 °C?
(a) 4.65  103 J (c) 2.03  106 J (e) 1.22  107 J
(b) 5.44  10 J
5
(d) 8.16  10 J
6

*Section 14.4 Diffusion

 46. Which one of the following statements concerning diffusion is true?

(a) Diffusion occurs only in gases.
(b) Diffusion occurs in solids and fluids.
(c) Diffusion is described by Boyle's law.
(d) The SI unit for the diffusion constant D is m/s2.
(e) Diffusion occurs when molecules move from regions of lower concentration to regions of
higher concentration.

 47. A concentration difference of a certain solute of 1.0  102 kg/m3 is maintained between the ends of a
tube with a length of 3.5 m and a cross-sectional area of 0.25 m 2. When 0.0040 g of the solute is
introduced to the tube, it takes 350 minutes for this solute to diffuse through the solvent to the
opposite end of the tube. What is the diffusion constant for the solute?
(a) 2.7  107 m2/s (c) 7.5  1010 m2/s (e) 1.1  1011 m2/s
9 
(b) 4.5  10 m2/s (d) 6.3  10 8 m2/s

 48. A lower tank contains water while an upper tank contains air with a negligible concentration of water
vapor. A tube with a circular cross section and radius 0.050 m is inserted between the two tanks. The
length of the tube is 0.25 m. The diffusion coefficient of water vapor through air is 2.4  105 m2/s.
The concentration of water vapor just above the surface of the water is 1.7  102 kg/m3. If the water
vapor is removed from the upper tank so that the concentration there remains nearly zero, what mass
of water vapor diffuses through the tube each hour?
(a) 4.6  105 kg (c) 7.1  107 kg (e) 8.2  108 kg
6 8
(b) 2.0  10 kg (d) 1.3  10 kg
Additional Problems

 49. How many air molecules are in a room at temperature 23.8 °C and standard pressure if the
dimensions of the room are 3.66 m  3.66 m  2.43 m?
(a) 1330 (c) 3.03  1024 (e) 1.00  1028
(b) 16 600 (d) 8.05  10 26

 50. An automobile tire is inflated to a gauge pressure of 32 lb/in 2 at a temperature of –10.0 °C. Under
strenuous driving, the tire heats up to 40.0 °C. What is the new gauge pressure if the volume of the
tire remains essentially the same? (atmospheric pressure = 14.7 lb/in 2)
(a) 17.5 lb/in 2 (c) 38.0 lb/in 2 (e) 55.6 lb/in 2
(b) 20.6 lb/in 2
(d) 40.9 lb/in 2

 51. An air bubble 20 m below the surface of a lake has a volume of 0.02 m 3. The bubble then rises to
the surface. If the temperature of the lake is uniform, what is the volume of the bubble just before
it breaks through the surface?
(a) 0.02 m3 (c) 0.06 m3 (e) 0.10 m3
(b) 0.04 m3 (d) 0.08 m3

 52. A bubble with a volume of 1.0 cm3 forms at the bottom of a lake that is 20.0 m deep. The temperature
at the bottom of the lake is 10.0 °C. The bubble rises to the surface where the temperature is 25.0 °C.
Assume that the bubble is small enough that its temperature always matches that of its surroundings.
What is the volume of the bubble just before it breaks the surface of the water?
Physics, 7e TEST BANK 142

(a) 2.1 cm3 (c) 3.1 cm3 (e) 7.7 cm3

(b) 2.8 cm3 (d) 6.0 cm3

 53. On a cold day (3 °C), the gauge pressure on a tire is 2.0 atm. If the tire is heated to 27 °C,
without changing its volume, what will the gauge pressure be?
(a) 2.1 atm (c) 2.9 atm (e) 27 atm
(b) 2.3 atm (d) 3.3 atm

 54. On a cold day (3 °C), the gauge pressure on a tire reads 2.0 atm. If the tire is heated to 27 °C,
what will be the absolute pressure of the air inside the tire?
(a) 2.0 atm (c) 2.4 atm (e) 3.3 atm
(b) 2.2 atm (d) 2.9 atm

 55. What is the density of methane, CH4, (molecular mass = 16 u) at STP?

(a) 0.357 kg/m3 (c) 0.431 kg/m3 (e) 0.951 kg/m3
(b) 0.386 kg/m 3
(d) 0.712 kg/m 3