Beam-Column Joint

Joint Geometry as per ACI committee 352

Typical beam-column joints grouped as per ACI 352

 Type 1 joints - : These joints have members that are designed to

satisfy strength requirements without significant inelastic
deformation. These are non-seismic joints.

 Type 2 joints - These joints have members that are required to

dissipate energy through reversals of deformation into the
inelastic range. These are seismic joints.

Requirements of Beam-Column Joint

 failure should not occur within the joints.

  joint should possess strength not less than the maximum demand
corresponding to the development of the structural plastic hinge mechanism
of the structure.

 respond elastically during moderate earth quakes.

 joint configuration should ensure ease of fabrication and good access for
placing and compacting concrete in the joint region.

Poor Practices

 incorrect bending of beam reinforcement into the beam-column joint for

anchorage

 inadequate anchorage of beam bars into the beam-column joint

 poor quality concrete at the critical region of the joint, obviously due to
poor quality formwork coupled with inadequate compaction

 kinking of column bars near beam-column joints

moments, shears, axial loads acting on joint

corner knee joint

knee joint subjected to opening moment

 before cracking of an opening corner knee joint

 Large tensile stresses occur at the re-entrant corner and the middle of the
joint
  Due to these stresses, cracking will be developed.

 If reinforcements are not provided crossing these cracks, the joint will fail
immediately after the development of the diagonal crack.

Knee joint subjected to opening moment

T - joint

 shear force in the joint gives rise to diagonal cracks, thus requiring
stirrups in the joint.

 detailing of longitudinal reinforcement - affects the efficiency of the joint

Mechanisms of failure of a beam-column joint

 Shear failure within the joint

 Anchorage failure of bars, if anchored within the joint

 Bond failure of beam or column bars passing through the joint

Joint Shear

 Joint shear is a critical check and will govern the size of the columns of
moment-resisting frames.

 For ductile behaviour,

- beams framing into the column will develop plastic hinges at the ends

- develop probable moment of resistance at the column faces.

Joint Shear Resistance Mechanisms

 assumed that the strength of the diagonal strut controls the joint
strength before cracking

 joint shear – large

- diagonal cracking occurs in the joint core and the joint reinforcements
come into play

- fails by the crushing of the concrete in the joint core

 Concrete strut mechanism

Concrete truss mechanism

 large amount of transverse reinforcement - to resist joint shear,

- relying on the good bond stress transfer along the longitudinal reinforcement.

 real behaviour of the structure - combined effect of the diagonal strut & truss
mechanisms with the bond deterioration of longitudinal reinforcement to a
certain degree during cyclic loading.

Joints Confined by Beams

behaviour of a beam-column joint is influenced

 concrete strength

 arrangement of joint reinforcement

 size and quantity of beam or column reinforcement

 bond between concrete and longitudinal bars in the beam or column

axial load in the column