PRE WORK HIRA

V2 REVIEWED JULY 2012

 TRAINING OBJECTIVES

The main outcome of this training

will be your competency to
IDENTIFY HAZARDS AND TO
ASSESS THE ASSOSIATED RISKS.
 WHY MUST YOU ATTEND THE PRE WORK
HIRA TRAINING
It is of utmost importance that every
employee should receive training in Hazard
Identification and Risk Assessment because:
 It allows you the employee to take
appropriate action to prevent accidents and
incidents that cause injury.
 It empowers you to exercise your right / duty
to participate in Health and Safety in the
workplace
 It builds self respect and pride of
performance
 It is a legal requirement
Results of failure to do a
PRE WORK HIRA
Person failed to
do a PRE
WORK HIRA
 At the end of this training you must be
able to :
Explain what a Hazard is
Explain what the meaning of risk
associated with the Hazard is.
Explain the meaning of elimination of
Risk
Explain the meaning of controlling of
Risk
Explain the meaning of minimizing of
Risk where the risk/s cannot be
eliminated or controlled with out the
use of PPE.
Demonstrate knowledge of Pre-Work
HIRA requirements.
Understand the Hazard identification
guide index for pre-work HIRA
Use the Procedure for the conducting
of a Work Procedure HIRA
 How to handle a change to the original
scope of work.
 Know the difference between a Permit
to Work and a Clearance to Work.
 Know General Control, PPE and Safety
Equipment References
 Understand the importance of Pre-
Work communication with your team.
 Know the Hazard of an un-informed
team
 Golden Rules

Good communication must

always convey awareness to
all the team members
 Golden Rules

Each Pre-Work HIRA should

be done on the site where
the work will be conducted
 Golden Rules

When ever you are in doubt,

never hesitate to ask
 Golden Rules

Apply your mind to each

reference point on the Pre-
Work HIRA form. (Dirty Doz.)
 Golden Rules

Remember no work is so
Important and Urgent that it
should be conducted in an
unsafe manner.
 LO #1 Pg

Examples of Hazards
1. The Lion
2. Can of motor Oil
 HAZARD
Means a source of or
exposure to danger
(MHSA)
IS A LION A HAZARD?
 RISK

Means the likelihood that

occupational injury or harm
to persons will occur.
 LO #2
To understand the MHSA requirements
for HIRA
A Pre-Work HIRA – Is a systematic
process that requires hazards
presented by the work about to be
performed to be identified before the
work is carried out and the
associated risk/s to be assessed in
order to establish whether the risk/s
can best be safely managed by:
(i) ELIMINATING THE RISK/S
(ii) SAFELY CONTROLLING THE
RISK/S AT SOURCE and
(iii) MINIMISING THE RISKS TO THE
EXTENT THAT RESIDUAL
RISKS CAN BE SAFELY
CONTROLLED WITH PPE.
Once you have identified a
HAZARD always ask yourself the
following questions in the order in
which the questions are presented:
 Can I eliminate the risk/s?
 If I cannot eliminate the risk/s, how
can I control the risk/s at source?
 If I cannot completely control the
risk/s at source, how can I minimise
the risk/s?
 Insofar as risk remains – what PPE
must I use to control the residual
risk/s?
 How can I eliminate a risk?
The only way to eliminate a risk is to
remove the risk (at source)
completely:

In the case of the oil spill in Learning

Outcome 1: Completely cleaning up
the oil spill would eliminate the risk
 Other examples of eliminating a risk are as follows:

a) If there is material lying around that presents a tripping

hazard; remove the risk of injury due to tripping and falling
by removing the cause (the hazard i.e. the material lying
about) of this risk.

b) If there is a hole in a walkway into which people can fall;

eliminate the risk of injury to persons due to falling by filling
in the hole and levelling off the surface.

c) If there is a risk of people being injured as they walk out of

their workshop because vehicles drive past the door of the
workshop; eliminate the associated risk of injury due to
being hit by a moving vehicle by building a roadway for
vehicles that passes away from the area where people have
to walk.
Remember, if you have not removed
the hazard – the associated risk
has not been eliminated
How can risks be controlled?

 A good way to visualize effective control is to think

about the MHSA requirement in this regard which
states: control the risk at source.

 Effectively controlling the risk at source (the hazard

is the source of danger) invariably involves
preventing contact with hazard.

 If elimination is not possible; control the risk at

source.

 How? - by preventing contact with the hazard.

Risks can be controlled by:
(i) Design
(ii) Procedure
(iii) A combination of design and
procedural controls.
 HOW DO WE CONTROL RISK BY
PROCEDURE?

 A PROCEDURE IS A SET OF ONE OR MORE

INSTRUCTIONS ON HOW A TASK MUST BE
CARRIED OUT
 e.g. PPE signs instructing workers that specific
PPE must be worn
An instruction by the person in charge of
workers working above ground level to
fasten tools such as spanners to their wrists
by means of a wrist lanyard is effectively
controlling the risk of injury as a result of
tools falling but the actual wrist tie must be
suitable for its purpose. What is the hazard in
this case? – the spanner that can fall ; Where
is contact made? - with the person that the
spanner falls onto ; How is this contact
prevented? – the wrist lanyard prevents the
spanner from falling i.e. the risk is controlled
at source because of the instruction given
for the spanner to be fastened to the wrist.
HOW CAN WE CONTROL
RISK BY DESIGN?

Controlling a risk by design

is the process of placing a
physical barrier, of known
strength in a position that will
contain a hazard and/or
prevent contact with a
hazard.

Examples include:
Handrails installed at the edge of a
raised floor
Bolting a guard
around a moving
pulley so that nobody
can touch the pulley.
In this way contact
with the hazard (the
moving pulley) is
prevented and the
associated risk of
injury is controlled.
Temporary hard barriers or fences
will prevent access into areas
where excavation or other work is
in progress
How to control by the Combination of
Procedure and Design?

White line painted on road

What is meant by:
MINIMISE the risk and IN-SO-FAR AS
RISK REMAINS – provide for
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
(PPE)?

e.g. Boilermaker Grinding and Welding

• SELF TEST
• Q1 In your own words, describe what happens when a risk is eliminated.
• ………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………
• Q2 In your own words, describe what happens when a risk is controlled.
• ………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………
• Q3 In your own words, describe what happens when a risk is minimized.
• ………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………
•
• Q4 In your own words, describe how residual risk is controlled.
• ………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………
LO #3 Hazard Identification Index
– Hazard Identification Guide Index for a Pre-
Work HIRA
The following Hazard Identification Guide
Index tells us where hazards are most
likely to be found and is very convenient
when trying to identify hazards before
work starts.
SELF TEST 3
Write down two jobs where hazards relating to each of the twelve
hazard identification “pointers” in the aforementioned hazard
identification guide index must be isolated.
1. Sudden release of compressed air, steam, pressurised gas
or other source of stored energy that has not been isolated
and locked out:

2. Falling: from / onto / into / with / as a result of slipping or

tripping

3. “live" electrical conductors that have not been locked out

4. Entrapment or striking of: fingers / hands / any other body

part / clothing while performing work:

5. Sparks and flying particles from: grinding / welding / flame

cutting / machining and/or impact -
6. Ignition of flammable and / or explosive substance –
7. Struck by /Entrapment of body parts or clothing in:
moving machinery that has not been isolated and
locked out –
8. Contact with, ingestion of, ingress of hazardous
substance (including gas) through mouth, nose, eyes,
ears and/or skin -
9. Drowning or asphyxiation -
10. Entrapment in confined spaces (together with all of the
aforementioned). NOTE: The Engineering Foreman must
facilitate a HIRA for confined space work -
11. Struck by / Struck against by mobile machinery -
12. Excessive Heat / cold / light / noise (from molten
materials/inside vessel/welding etc.) -
 LO#4
PROCEDURE FOR CONDUCTING A
WORK PROCEDURE HIRA

 DEFINE THE COMPLETE SCOPE OF WORK

 DRAW UP A METHOD STATEMENT. Which
breaks the scope of work down into
individually, defined tasks.
 IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS AND ASSESS THE
ASSOCIATED RISKS FOR EACH TASK
 PROCEDURE FOR CONDUCTING A WORK
PROCEDURE HIRA 2

 ELIMINATE THE RISKS WHERE POSSIBLE

 WHERE ELIMINATION IS NOT POSSIBLE:
 Safely control the risk at source or
 Minimize risks provided that insofar as residual risks
remains.
 Residual risks is safely controlled by using PPE
 Assign responsibility
 LO#5
PROCEDURE WHERE SCOPE OF WORK CHANGED

A NEW METHOD STATEMENT MUST BE DRAWN UP

AND A NEW HIRA MUST BE CARRIED OUT FOR
ANY CHANGES THAT MAY OCCUR BEFORE THE
ORIGINAL SCOPE OF WORK IS COMPLETED.

Scope of work changes: Bolts that can not be

loosened with a spanner as planned, instead needs
to be cut with a cutting torch.
 PERMITS TO WORK

VS

CLEARANCE TO WORK
 PERMIT TO WORK
The Responsible Operator, having a thorough knowledge of
his/her area of responsibility, will not allow the following work to
take place unless he/she is satisfied that the work will be done
safely and has issued a Permit To Work for such work

(i) Isolation and Lock ;

(ii) Work in a Confined Space / High Risk Location;
(iii) Hot Work;
(iv) Hazardous substance isolation;
(v) Working at Heights;
(vi) Work requiring the erection and use of a Scaffold;
(vii) Radio active source isolation;
(viii) Standby Power isolation;
(ix) Frequent isolation and access;
(x) Excavation work
 CLEARANCE TO WORK
After ensuring that all equipment
affected by the work to be carried out is
safely Isolated and Locked-Out, the
Responsible Operator being satisfied
that the work can be carried out safely,
may approve and sign as such, the
Clearance to Work; at the back of the
Works Order issued to the
Artisan/Person.
 General Control, PPE and Safety Equipment
References.

 In order to assist the Responsible

Artisan/Person in carrying out a final control
check, references made to HIRA control
requirements, PPE and Safety Equipment.
 It is the Responsible Artisan’s duty to make
reference to and mark off the list items where
appropriate.
The reference lists are merely a
reminder of common PPE and safety
requirements and must not be taken as
a complete list of PPE and safety
requirements – there may be other risk
controls and PPE requirements that
must be in place: these will be
determined as the Responsible
Artisan/Person conducts his/her Pre-
Work HIRA.
The Responsible Operator’s duty is to
check the completed Pre-Work HIRA
and the above reference lists and
advise/instruct the Responsible Artisan
on further risk control measures to be
taken because of his/her knowledge of
the area about to be worked in.
WHAT IS THE HAZARD OF AN
UN INFORMED TEAM ?
LO # 9
The hazard of an uninformed team is
one which remains with the
Responsible Artisan and his team from
the start of a job until it is completed.
 The risk associated with the UN INFORMED
TEAM hazard is obviously injury due to
exposure to hazards while carrying out
work.
 The only effective control for this risk is for
the Responsible Artisan/Person to inform
his/her team:
• of all the hazards that will be presented by the
work;
• the associated risks and risk control measures;
or
• measures taken to minimise risks and the PPE
required.
Discuss in groups:

What can go wrong?

What is the risk?
What control will you put in place ?
How to address?
LO# 10

General Discussion on the Legal

Requirements
• Mine Health and Safety Act (Act No. 29
of 1996)
• The most applicable objectives of the
Act concerning HIRA are quite clear:
(a) To protect the health and safety of
persons at mines;
(b) To require employers and employees
to identify hazards and eliminate,
control and minimise the risks relating
to health and safety at mines:
Section 10 (1)
(i) As far as reasonably practicable, every employer
must -
• (a) Provide employees with any information,
instruction, training or supervision that is necessary
to enable them to perform their work safely and
without risk to health; and -
• (b) Ensure that every employee becomes familiar
with work-related hazards and risks and the
measures that are in place to eliminate, control and
minimise those hazards and risks.
 Section 11 (1 and 2)
• (i) Every employer must –
a) identify hazards to health or safety to which
employees may be exposed while they are at
work;
b) asses the risks to health or safety to which
employees may be exposed;
c) record the significant hazards identified and
risks assessed; and
d) Make those records available for inspection
by employees.
 – Every employer, after consulting with the Health
and Safety Committee at the mine, must
determine measures, including changing the
organisation of work and the designed of safe
systems of work, necessary to –
(a) Eliminate any recorded risk/s;
(b) Control the risk/s at source;
(c) Minimise the risk/s; and
(d) In so far as the risk remains –
• (i) Provide for personal protective
equipment; and
• (ii) Institute a program to monitor the risk/s
to which employees may be exposed.
Any Questions ?
Thank you for your
contribution and co-operation

All the best for your

Theoretical and Practical
evaluations