Speed Control of 3Ø AC Induction Motor Using VSI & Microcontroller

Speed control of 3Ø AC Induction Motor
1
POWER LAB INSTRUMENTS

Using VSI & Microcontroller
User Manual
2
Contents.., Page Numbers
1. Introduction 3rdPage
2. Check list 4
3. Theoretical details 5
4. Hardware details 18
5. Service tips 25
6. Experiments 26
7. Data sheets 32
3
Introduction
Induction motors are the most widely used motors for appliances, industrial control, and
automation; hence, they are often called the workhorse of the motion industry. They are
robust, reliable, and durable. When power is supplied to an induction motor at the
recommended specifications, it runs at its rated speed. However, many applications need
variable speed operations. For example, a washing machine may use different speeds for each
wash cycle. Historically, mechanical gear systems were used to obtain variable speed. Recently,
electronic power and control systems have matured to allow these components to be used for
motor control in place of mechanical gears. These electronics not only control the motor’s
speed, but can improve the motor’s dynamic and steady state characteristics. In addition,
electronics can reduce the system’s average power consumption and noise generation of the
motor. Induction motor control is complex due to its nonlinear characteristics. While there are
different methods for control, Variable Voltage Variable Frequency (VVVF) or V/f is the most
common method of speed control in open loop. This method is most suitable for applications
without position control requirements or the need for high accuracy of speed control. Examples
of these applications include heating, air conditioning, fans and blowers. V/f control can be
implemented by using Digital controllers like microcontrollers, Dsp controller etc.
Variable speed control of an induction motor is conceptually very simple. The frequency and
amplitude of the drive voltage must be varied to change the motor speed. Early ACIM Drives
used SCR Devices connected to the motor. These type of circuits are often called Six-Step
Drives (also called Voltage source inverter) because there are six different ways that the SCR
devices can be energized to produce Motor currents, however the high harmonics content of
the six step drive causes high heat dissipation and does not deliver good performance at low
frequencies.
Semiconductor technology has drastically improved since the days of six step drives.SCR devices
are now replaced with MOSFET or IGBT that can be switched at relatively high frequencies with
minimal power loss. These devices can be controlled using PWM signals which is generated by
PWM Controllers. The major components of the variable speed induction motor drive is (1) 3Ø
Voltage source inverter (also called six step inverter) (2) PWM Controller (3) Motor.
This manual explains the practical details and operation of speed control of 3Ø induction motor
system by using PLVSI-01,Dspic-microcontroller set up from POWER LAB INSTRUMENTS,
Chennai.
4
Check List,
S.N Description Qty

01 PWM Controller [ dspic microcontroller ] (PLMC-01) 01
02 3 phase Voltage source inverter power module (PLVSI-01) 01
03 3Ø AC Motor set up 01
04 Manual & Connecting wires 01
Note :
In PWM controller any one of the following digital controller may be delivered based on the
purchase order from your institutions
1. Dspic 30f4011 Microcontroller kit

2. DSP TMS320FC2812 Kit
3. Spartan FPGA Controller Kit
5
Theoretical Details,
The induction Machine
The induction machine is the most common motor today. It has been around for the last
century and are therefore "the" motor in many applications. Besides being a well-known motor
it is manufactured all over the world - which makes it easy to find a dealer anywhere in the
world. One of the reasons for being "the" motor of choice is that the induction will run directly
on the distribution net, this has until today been the most important factor. Today speed
controlling is a necessary and therefore different control applications have to be introduced.
Based on the construction of the rotor, induction motors are broadly classified in two
categories: squirrel cage motors and slip ring motors. The stator construction is the same in
both motors. Here we used squirrel cage type induction motor.
1.1 Theory / Construction
The standard motor is designed with a short-circuiting rotor (on Figure 1-1 done in aluminum)
and a set of coils placed in the stator. The housing surrounds the complete "package" where
the terminals for the stator-coils are accessible.
6
Looking at the motor from an electrical side, the ACIM consists of six coils, three coils in the
stator and three in the rotor (See Figure 1-2). Looking at these coils it is possible to make the
electrical equivalent diagram for the machine. This equivalent is represented by reactances.
and resistors, here X = 2π•f•L [Ω]. L is the inductance and f is the frequency. The 2π•f = ω is in
this case the current change pr. time-unit. The coils in the rotor and stator are interacting on
each other due to the common magnetic induction. This interaction are described though RFE -
iron core and hysteresis losses Xh - magnetic losses
When the motor is loaded in the normal load area, the rotor-frequency will differ from the
frequency made from the rotational-field created on stator - the slip. In the equivalent this
change can be described as an adjustment of R'2 with the factor 1/s (see Figure 1-4), where
s = the slip
7
NAMEPLATE PARAMETERS
A typical nameplate of an induction motor lists the following parameters:
• Rated terminal supply voltage in Volts

• Rated frequency of the supply in Hz
• Rated current in Amps
• Base speed in RPM
• Power rating in Watts or Horsepower (HP)
• Rated torque in Newton Meters or Pound-Inches
• Slip speed in RPM, or slip frequency in Hz
• Winding insulation type - Class A, B, F or H
• Type of stator connection (for 3-phase only), star (Y) or delta (Δ)
When the rated voltage and frequency are applied to the terminals of an induction motor, it
draws the rated current (or corresponding power) and runs at base speed and can deliver the
rated torque.
MOTOR ROTATION
When the rated AC supply is applied to the stator windings, it generates a magnetic flux of
constant magnitude, rotating at synchronous speed. The flux passes through the air gap,
sweeps past the rotor surface and through the stationary rotor conductors. An electromotive
force (EMF) is induced in the rotor conductors due to the relative speed differences between
the rotating flux and stationary conductors. The frequency of the induced EMF is the same as
the supply frequency. Its magnitude is proportional to the relative velocity between the flux
and the conductors. Since the rotor bars are shorted at the ends, the EMF induced produces a
current in the rotor conductors. The direction of the rotor current opposes the relative
velocity between rotating flux produced by stator and stationary rotor conductors (per Lenz's
law). To reduce the relative speed, the rotor starts rotating in the same direction as that of flux
and tries to catch up with the rotating flux. But in practice, the rotor never succeeds in 'catching
8
up' to the stator field. So, the rotor runs slower than the speed of the stator field. This
difference in speed is called slip speed. This slip speed depends upon the mechanical load on
the motor shaft. The frequency and speed of the motor, with respect to the input supply, is
called the synchronous frequency and synchronous speed. Synchronous speed is directly
proportional to the ratio of supply frequency and number of poles in the motor. Synchronous
speed of an induction motor is
Synchronous Speed (Ns) = 120 x F/P
where:
F = rated frequency of the motor
P = number of poles in the motor
Synchronous speed is the speed at which the stator flux rotates. Rotor flux rotates slower than
synchronous speed by the slip speed. This speed is called the base speed. The speed listed on
the motor nameplate is the base speed. Some manufacturers also provide the slip as a
percentage of synchronous speed
1.1.1 Change of Speed
The change of speed on the induction machine can be changed in 3 different ways, which can
be described towards the definition of the rotor speed:
Where,
n0 = is the rotational field created from stator. ns = is the slip speed. P= the number of pole
pairs. This equation indicates the three ways of changing the speed on the shaft.
9
1. Changing the slip,

2. Changing the pole pairs
3. Changing the Frequency
Slip-changes can only be done from either changing the rotor resistant (Phase-Wound Motors)
or the input-voltage on stator. Pole pair change; again a direct change of the motor-windings,
where a coupling between different phases can be achieved.
The last control-way is the frequency here the only limit is the source added to the motor. If the
voltage applied to the machine can be changed from low voltage / frequency to high voltage
/frequency an optimal speed-control is achievable.
SPEED-TORQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF INDUCTION MOTORS
Figure 2 shows the typical speed-torque characteristics of an induction motor. The X axis shows
speed and slip. The Y axis shows the torque and current. The characteristics are drawn with
rated voltage and frequency supplied to the stator. During start-up, the motor typically draws
up to seven times the rated current. This high current is a result of stator and rotor flux, the
losses in the stator and rotor windings, and losses in the bearings due to friction. This high
starting current overcomes these components and produces the momentum to rotate the
rotor. At start-up, the motor delivers 1.5 times the rated torque of the motor. This starting
torque is also called locked rotor torque (LRT). As the speed increases, the current drawn by the
motor reduces slightly (see
10
The current drops significantly when the motor speed approaches ~80% of the rated speed. At
base speed, the motor draws the rated current and delivers the rated torque. At base speed, if
the load on the motor shaft is increased beyond its rated torque, the speed starts dropping and
slip increases. When the motor is running at approximately 80% of the synchronous speed, the
load can increase up to 2.5 times the rated torque. This torque is called breakdown torque. If
the load on the motor is increased further, it will not be able to take any further load and the
motor will stall. In addition, when the load is increased beyond the rated load, the load current
increases following the current characteristic path. Due to this higher current flow in the
windings, inherent losses in the windings increase as well. This leads to a higher temperature in
the motor windings. Motor windings can withstand different temperatures, based on the class
of insulation used in the windings and cooling system used in the motor. Some motor
manufacturers provide the data on overload capacity and load over duty cycle. If the motor
is overloaded for longer than recommended, then the motor may burn out.
As seen in the speed-torque characteristics, torque is highly nonlinear as the speed varies. In
many applications, the speed needs to be varied, which makes the torque vary. We will discuss
11
a simple open loop method of speed control called, Variable Voltage Variable Frequency (VVVF
or V/f) in this Manual
V/f CONTROL THEORY
As we can see in the speed-torque characteristics, the induction motor draws the rated current
and delivers the rated torque at the base speed. When the load is increased (over-rated load),
while running at base speed, the speed drops and the slip increases. As we have seen in the
earlier section, the motor can take up to 2.5 times the rated torque with around 20% drop in
the speed. Any further increase of load on the shaft can stall the motor. The torque developed
by the motor is directly proportional to the magnetic field produced by the stator. So, the
voltage applied to the stator is directly proportional to the product of stator flux and angular
velocity. This makes the flux produced by the stator proportional to the ratio of applied voltage
and frequency of supply. By varying the frequency, the speed of the motor can be varied.
Therefore, by varying the voltage and frequency by the same ratio, flux and hence, the torque
can be kept constant throughout the speed range.
12
This makes constant V/f the most common speed control of an induction motor. Figure 3 shows
the relation between the voltage and torque versus frequency. Figure 3 demonstrates voltage
and frequency being increased up to the base speed. At base speed, the voltage and frequency
reach the rated values as listed in the nameplate. We can drive the motor beyond base speed
by increasing the frequency further. However, the voltage applied cannot be increased beyond
the rated voltage. Therefore, only the frequency can be increased, which results in the field
weakening and the torque available being reduced. Above base speed, the factors governing
torque become complex, since friction and windage losses increase significantly at higher
speeds. Hence, the torque curve becomes nonlinear with respect to speed or frequency.
13
Three phase voltage source inverter
Three phase voltage source inverters are widely used for ac, dc motor control applications and
general purpose ac power supplies. These are classified in to
1. Six step Voltage source inverter

2. PWM Inverter (PWM Voltage source inverter)
In our system, we used 3 Ø PWM (Pulse width Modulated) Voltage source inverter Power
circuit
Six step inverter
Three phase bridge inverters can be viewed as extensions of the single-phase bridge circuit, as
shown in figure 22.1. The switching signals for each inverter leg are displaced by 120 degree
with respect to the adjacent legs. The output line-line voltages are determined by the potential
differences between the output terminals of each leg. Symmetrical three phase voltages across
a three-phase load can be produced by switching the devices ON for either 180 degree or 120
degree mode of the output voltage waveform
14
Disadvantages of six step inverter
Output amplitude in a three-phase inverter can be controlled by only change of DC-link voltage
(Vdc). It required one additional AC –DC controlled converter. This can be solved by using PWM
Voltage source inverter.
PWM Voltage source inverter
The most efficient method of controlling the output voltage is to incorporate pulse width
modulation (PWM) control within the inverter. In this method a fixed dc input is supplied to the
inverter and a controlled ac output voltage is obtained by adjusting the ON and OFF periods of
the inverter devices. The PWM control ha s the following advantages
1. The output voltage control

2. And output frequency control
Speed control of a 3-phase AC induction motor requires pulse-width modulated control of the
six switches of a 3-phase inverter bridge connected to the motor’s stator windings . The six
switches form 3 pairs of “half-bridges”, which can be used to connect the leg of a winding to
the positive or the negative high-voltage DC bus. As shown in the figure, two switches on the
same “half-bridge” must never be on simultaneously, otherwise the positive and negative buses
will be shorted together. This condition would result in a destructive event known as “shoot-
through”. If one switch is on, then the other must be off; thus, they are driven as
complementary pairs. It should also be noted that the switching devices used in the half-bridge
(in this case, IGBTs) often require more time to turn off than to turn on. For this reason, a
minimum dead time must be inserted between the off and on time of complimentary
15
Standard AC supply is converted to a DC voltage by using a diode bridge rectifier. A capacitor

filters the ripple in the DC bus. This DC bus is used to generate a variable voltage and variable
frequency power supply. A voltage source power inverter is used to convert the DC bus to the
required AC voltage and frequency. In summary, the power section consists of a power rectifier,
filter capacitor, and power inverter. The motor is connected to the inverter as shown in Figure
4. The power inverter has 6 switches that are controlled in order to generate an AC output from
the DC input. PWM signals generated from the microcontroller control these 6 switches. The
phase voltage is determined by the duty cycle of the PWM signals.
Over view of implemented control strategies

1. Open Loop V/f Control
AC induction motors are often operated in open loop with no velocity or position feedback. The
V/f ratio is maintained constant to provide a constant (maximum) torque over the operating
range. This form of control is relatively inexpensive and easy to implement. Feedback from the
rotor is not utilized and the rotor is assumed to follow the rotating flux generated in the
stator, with a certain amount of slip present depending upon the load. To drive an AC induction
motor, the 3-phase inverter bridge is driven by a microcontroller’s PWM outputs, as shown in
Figure 2. By changing the PWM duty cycles in a regular manner, the PWM outputs are
modulated to synthesize sinusoidal waveforms (three-phase AC) across the three motor
windings (Figure 3).
16
AC is applied to the three stator windings as three sinusoidal currents, equal in amplitude and
frequency, but offset from each other by 120 degrees. As a result, the current in the stator
windings generates a rotating magnetic field. This rotating field induces electromotive force in
the rotor, which in turn produces a magnetic field in the rotor that attempts to align with the
rotating magnetic field in the stator. This causes the rotor to rotate
The operation of an ACIM is governed by two principles:
1. Base speed is directly proportional to the frequency of the alternating current applied to the
stator and the number of poles of the motor.
2. Torque is directly proportional to the ratio of applied voltage and the frequency of the
applied AC current. Therefore, speed can be controlled by varying the input frequency of the
applied alternating current and torque can be maintained constant by varying the amplitude in
direct proportion to the frequency. These are the two basic aims of open-loop V/f control.
A disadvantage of open-loop V/f control is that the motor can stall if the speed is ramped up
too quickly or the load otherwise changes rapidly. Without some form of feedback, it is
impossible to detect whether the motor is turning as expected, or if it is stalled. A stall causes
high currents and the motor loses torque. By monitoring current, excessive slip can be
detected, and the motor frequency can be adjusted downward accordingly. A high-current
condition may also be caused by a malfunction of the inverter bridge. If a high-current
17
condition persists, the drive should be shut down to prevent motor overheating or other
damage
2. V/f Control with Velocity Feedback
In open-loop V/f control, the rotor is assumed to follow the rotating flux generated in the
stator, with a certain degree of slip present depending upon the load. In many applications, the
load can vary widely and the resulting motor speed will vary accordingly. To improve speed
control, a form of speed feedback can be added. A simple implementation of closed-loop speed
control is illustrated in the above Figure.The reference speed is still set by in controller, as
above. However, instead of directly using the reference speed to determine the drive
frequency, it is compared to the actual motor speed to generate a speed error signal. Actual
motor speed is established by a speed measurement with either the Quadrature Encoder
Interface (QEI) in Velocity mode, or input capture of a tachometer signal or Proximity sensor
interface. In this particular application, the proximity sensor Interface is used. The speed error
signal is then used as an input to a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller, which determines the
desired drive frequency to the motor windings. The standard V/f process determines the
amplitude of the drive waveform. The drive frequency and amplitude are then used to update
the PWM duty cycles of the six PWM channels that drive the three-phase bridge
18
Hardware details
Name: 3Ø Voltage source inverter Power Module
Model: PLVSI-01
Features:
 This voltage source inverter power module is designed for DC to Single

phase (or) 3 phase AC Conversion applications. This module can be used for
speed control application of Single phase , 3 phase AC induction motor ,
brushed dc motor , brushless motor (BLDC & PMSM) along with suitable
PWM controller.
19
Specifications
Power circuit input 0-230VAC [or] 0-300VDC
Output 3 Ø, O- 200V AC, / 1Ø, 0-230VAC /

0-300VDC
Capacity 5A
Power Device SPM [FSBB20CH60B]
PWM Inputs
Maximum numbers of input 6 Numbers
Maximum PWM Voltage 5V
Maximum PWM Frequency 1-10KHZ
Other features
3 Numbers of Hall Effect current sensor for output 3 phase current

measurements
1 Numbers of Hall Effect current sensor for input DC current

measurements
20
PLVSI-01 Description
1. Power ON/OFF Switch – Used to ON/OFF the input 230VAC of trainer kit
2. MCB -Used to ON/OFF the 230VAC power circuit Input
3. PWM1-PWM8 – Test points for input PWM signals
4. G1-G8 – Test points for PWM signals after logic gates
5. Test points (Iro) – current sensor output (R Phase Motor current wave)
6. Test points (Iyo) -current sensor output (Y Phase Motor current wave)
7. Test points (Ibo) -current sensor output (B Phase Motor current wave)
8. Test points (Idc) -current sensor output (DC Rail current wave)
9. L1 – Reset indication LED-1
10.L2 – Reset indication LED-2
11.RST-Over current trip Reset switch
12.RST(E)-Over current trip Reset switch- In this module it is not used
13.Banana terminals (P,N)– 230vac input is given power module through this
terminals
21
14.Banana terminals (R0,Y0, BO) – 3 Phase output to load.
15.Banana terminals (C+) – DC bus Positive output.
16. Banana terminals (CN) – DC bus Centre point.
17. PWM Input connector (24 PIN FRC) – PWM Interface

22
Name: Dspic-Microcontroller trainer
Model: PLT-MC01
Features
This micro controller board is used generate the PWM signals for varies motor control
applications like below.
1. 3 phase ac motor-V/F open & closed loop control

2. Dc motor –open & closed loop control
3. BLDC Motor control, etc
23
Specifications
P1 (34 pin FRC connector): PWM Output 1 to 6 (P1 to P6)
ADC Input (A0 to A5)
Cap-Input (CAPA, QE-A.QE-B, Index)
P3 (9 pin FRC connector): Speed sensor interface (Proximity sensor interface)
SW5 (RESET Switch): Used to reset the microcontroller
SW3 (Limit Switch): Used for PWM increment function
SW4 (Limit Switch): Used for PWM decrement function
SW1 (SPDT Switch): Used for logic selection function
SW2 (SPDT Switch): Used for logic selection function

24
P8 (10 pin FRC connector): QEP Sensor-Input (QE-A.QE-B, Index)
(same as in P1 Connector)
SW6 (SPDT Switch): Used for Program mode selection (1 – PGM Mode, 0- Normal
mode)
P5 (10 pin FRC connector): Used for programming
P4 (9 pin connector): RS232 PC serial port Interface

25
Service Tips
S.N Problem suggestion

01 Power ON indication switch is  Check the input 230v ac
not Glow supply
 Check the Fuse provided
in the Power input
connector–FM14 of the
trainer
02 PWM Output is not available  Check the Digital

controller & reset status
03 DC Bus voltage is not available  Check input ac & fuse
04 Output Not correct  Check all the PWM &

check the patch chord
loose connection.
 Check the Device
26
Experiment-1
Aim – To study the open loop speed control of induction motor using V/F Control
technique.
Apparatus required
1. PLVSI-01 VSI Power module

2. PL MC01 Microcontroller trainer
3. 3 phase AC motor set up
Precautions
 Keep the Input MCB is in off condition in PLVSI-01.

 Keep the Power ON/OFF switch is in off position in PLVSI-01.
 Ensure the proper output connection of AC motor.
 Connect 230VAC input supply to P,N terminals.
 Check the PWM Cable connection with Controller & VSI Power module.
 Connect the dspic programmer with micro controller.
Procedure
 Ensure the proper cable connection.

 Connect motor terminal R,Y,B to power module
 Connect the motor feed back cable to microcontroller module
 Switch “ON” the power using power ON/OFF switch.
 Press the Reset switch if reset LED is glown.
27
 Ensure the motor connection with PLVSI-01 unit

 Down load the Open loop program from computer to dspic microcontroller
using programmer.
 Follow the program down loading procedure ( Ref –Page number: ---)
 After down loading , in microcontroller unit the display will be
“POWER LAB INSTRUMENTS

PRESENTS”
“V/F Control of induction motor”
“Open loop
Closed Loop”
 Press SW3 switch to select “Open loop” Control (or) Press SW4 switch to
select “Closed loop” Control.
 The display will be
Frequency 00Hz
Modulation Index 0.9
Actual Speed 0000 RPM
 Now the PWM is in minimum position
 Press SW3 switch to increase the Set speed (V/F Ratio), Corresponding
actual motor speed is displayed
 Tabulate the Frequency , Modulation Index and actual speed in Table-1
 To reset the function, Press SW5 reset switch
28
TABLE-1
S.N Frequency in Hz Modulation Index Actual Speed
29
Experiment-2
Aim – To study the closed loop speed control of induction motor using V/F
Control technique.
Apparatus required
1. PLVSI-01 VSI Power module

2. PL MC01 Microcontroller trainer
3. 3 phase AC motor set up
Precautions
 Keep the Input MCB is in off condition in PLVSI-01.

 Keep the Power ON/OFF switch is in off position in PLVSI-01.
 Ensure the proper output connection of AC motor.
 Connect 230VAC input supply to P,N terminals.
 Check the PWM Cable connection with Controller & VSI Power module.
 Connect the dspic programmer with micro controller.
Procedure
 Ensure the proper cable connection.

 Connect motor terminal R,Y,B to power module
 Connect the motor feed back cable to microcontroller module
 Switch “ON” the power using power ON/OFF switch.
 Press the Reset switch if reset LED is glown.
30
 Ensure the motor connection with PLVSI-01 unit

 Down load the Open loop program from computer to dspic microcontroller
using programmer.
 Follow the program down loading procedure ( Ref –Page number: ---)
 After down loading , in microcontroller unit the display will be
“POWER LAB INSTRUMENTS

PRESENTS”
“V/F Control of induction”
“Open loop
Closed Loop”
 Press SW4 switch to select “Closed loop” Control.

 The display will be
Set speed : 0000 RPM
Actual Speed : 0000 RPM
 Now the PWM is in minimum position

 Press SW3 switch to increase the Set speed (V/F Ratio), Corresponding
actual motor speed is displayed
 Tabulate the set and actual speed in Table-1
 To reset the function, Press SW5 reset switch
31
TABLE-1
S.N Set speed Actual Speed
32
DATASHEET

Speed Control of 3Ø AC Induction Motor Using VSI & Microcontroller

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Speed control of 3Ø AC Induction Motor

Speed control of 3Ø AC Induction Motor

Contents.., Page Numbers

S.N Description Qty

1. Dspic 30f4011 Microcontroller kit

The induction Machine

1.1 Theory / Construction

A typical nameplate of an induction motor lists the following parameters:

• Rated terminal supply voltage in Volts

Synchronous Speed (Ns) = 120 x F/P

P = number of poles in the motor

1.1.1 Change of Speed

1. Changing the slip,

SPEED-TORQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF INDUCTION MOTORS

V/f CONTROL THEORY

Three phase voltage source inverter

1. Six step Voltage source inverter

Six step inverter

Disadvantages of six step inverter

PWM Voltage source inverter

1. The output voltage control

Standard AC supply is converted to a DC voltage by using a diode bridge rectifier. A capacitor

Over view of implemented control strategies

2. V/f Control with Velocity Feedback

Name: 3Ø Voltage source inverter Power Module

 This voltage source inverter power module is designed for DC to Single

Power circuit input 0-230VAC [or] 0-300VDC

Output 3 Ø, O- 200V AC, / 1Ø, 0-230VAC /

Power Device SPM [FSBB20CH60B]

Maximum numbers of input 6 Numbers

Maximum PWM Voltage 5V

Maximum PWM Frequency 1-10KHZ

3 Numbers of Hall Effect current sensor for output 3 phase current

1 Numbers of Hall Effect current sensor for input DC current

2. MCB -Used to ON/OFF the 230VAC power circuit Input

3. PWM1-PWM8 – Test points for input PWM signals

4. G1-G8 – Test points for PWM signals after logic gates

9. L1 – Reset indication LED-1

10.L2 – Reset indication LED-2

11.RST-Over current trip Reset switch

12.RST(E)-Over current trip Reset switch- In this module it is not used

14.Banana terminals (R0,Y0, BO) – 3 Phase output to load.

15.Banana terminals (C+) – DC bus Positive output.

16. Banana terminals (CN) – DC bus Centre point.

17. PWM Input connector (24 PIN FRC) – PWM Interface

Name: Dspic-Microcontroller trainer

1. 3 phase ac motor-V/F open & closed loop control

P1 (34 pin FRC connector): PWM Output 1 to 6 (P1 to P6)

ADC Input (A0 to A5)

Cap-Input (CAPA, QE-A.QE-B, Index)

P3 (9 pin FRC connector): Speed sensor interface (Proximity sensor interface)

SW5 (RESET Switch): Used to reset the microcontroller

SW3 (Limit Switch): Used for PWM increment function

SW4 (Limit Switch): Used for PWM decrement function

SW1 (SPDT Switch): Used for logic selection function

SW2 (SPDT Switch): Used for logic selection function

P8 (10 pin FRC connector): QEP Sensor-Input (QE-A.QE-B, Index)

P5 (10 pin FRC connector): Used for programming

P4 (9 pin connector): RS232 PC serial port Interface

S.N Problem suggestion

02 PWM Output is not available  Check the Digital

03 DC Bus voltage is not available  Check input ac & fuse