Tutorial: C I V I L

Tutorial
Verification of Fibre Model Results In Midas / Civil By

Comparing With The Experimental Results
Civil
CONTENTS
General Summary ......................... 1
File Opening and Preferences Setting ......................... 3
Fibre Model Data ......................... 3
Fibre Material Property (3)
Fibre Division Section (5)
Inelastic Hinge Properties (7)
Assignment of Inelastic Hinges (11)
Loading Data ............................. 12
Assigning Static Load (12)
Time History Analysis Data (12)

Time History Load Case (12)
Time Forcing Function (14)
Time Varying Static Load (15)
Analysis ............................... 15
Notes on Time History Analysis Data ............................... 16
Verification and Interpretation of Results ............................... 17
Load Vs Displacement Graph (17)

Interpretation and Comparison (19)
Animation of Displacement (20)
Analysis Results of Fibre Sections (21)

Static Inelastic Time History Analysis of structure with Fibre Model
General Summary
For testing the validity of fiber model in MIDAS / Civil and / or MIDAS / Gen, the
analytical results are compared with the experimental results. The portal frame was tested
under the conditions of time varying static load.
The dimensions, the material and sectional properties of the structural elements (beams
and columns) of the portal frame and the applied time varying loads are shown in Fig.-1-
1
Fig.1-1: Properties
Fig.-1-2 compares the Load versus Displacement graph generated by a renowned

German software product with the experimental results.
This tutorial is intended to:

1. Elaborate on the steps involved in generation of Fibre Models,
2. Compare the results produced by MIDAS / Civil with the experimental one.
For this type of advanced tutorials, the steps involved in geometry modeling, assigning
material and sectional properties and assigning boundary conditions will be skipped. It
will be assumed that verifier is a user of MIDAS products (however basic model is
available).
1
Fig.1-2: Results
Fig.1-3: Model View
2
File Opening and Preferences Setting

File / (Open the file named Fibre Model_NLTH-Geometry.mcb lying
in the folder downloaded from the site).
Save the file as Fibre Model_NLTH.mcb
Fibre Model Data

Fibre Material Property
At the Main Menu: Model / Property /
Fig.2-1: Define Fiber Material Prop.
Fig.2-2: Inelastic Material Model
3
Fig.2-3: Define Fiber Material Prop. Fig.2-5: Define Fiber Material Prop.
Fig.2-4: Inelastic Material Model Fig.2-6: Inelastic Material Model
4
Note: The factor b at Inelastic

Material Model dialogue box is
the "Stiffness Reduction Factor
after Yielding". Which is obtained
experimentally and the accuracy of
results depend to a large extent on
this factor. The post yielding
stiffness of the structure directly
varies as the value of b varies.
Fig.2-7: Define Fiber Material Prop.
Fibre Division Section

Fig.3-1: Fiber Division Data.
5
The steps are described below for generating the Fibre Division data:
At the above dialogue box (Fig.3-1), enter the data as per the procedure given below for
generating the Fibre Division Data,
At the Create Fibre Tab
1. Name: Column_FBR
2. Section Name: Column
3. Click on Icon Numbered 1
5. Click on Selecting Object (Button Numbered 2)
6. Click on the region marked 3
7. Click Enter (Button Numbered 4)
8. Click Setting Region (Button Numbered 5)
9. Click on the region marked 3
10. Click Enter (Button Numbered 6)
11. Click Dividing Section (Button Numbered 7)
Division typed: Rectangular
Ny: 6
Nz: 6
Material Id.: Type1
12. Click Divide (Button Numbered 8)
13. Click on the Create Rebar Tab and follow the instructions given below
Fig.3-2: Create Rebar data
6
At the above dialogue box (Fig.3-2), enter the data as per the procedure given below for
generating the Rebar Data,
At the Create Rebar Tab
1. Type: Linear
2. Material Id.: Type2
3. Number of Rebars: 3 (Box numbered 1)
4. Area: Select the radio button User
5. Area: 3.14*12.72 /4 = 126.676
6. Click on Starting Point (y,z) [The background will turn ocean green]
7. Click at the point numbered 1 and 2 on the section and then press Create
8. Number of Rebars: 2 (Box numbered 1)
10. Click at the point numbered 3 and 4 on the section and then press Create
11. Press Apply
The Fibre Division Section Data for the column has been entered.
Now for entering the Fibre Division Section Data for beam section, follow all the
procedures / steps given under the heading Fibre Division Section in exactly the same
way with the changes (and the corresponding step numbers) given below,
At the Create Fibre Tab
1. Name: Beam_FBR
2. Section Name: Beam
At the Create Rebar Tab
2. Material Id.: Type3

3. Number of Rebars: 2 (Box numbered 1 of Fig. 3.2)
5. Area: 3.14*9.532 /4 = 71.33
7. Click at the point numbered 1 and 2 on the section of Fig. 3.2 and press Create
10. Click at the point numbered 3 and 4 on the section of Fig. 3.2 and press Create
11. Press OK
Inelastic Hinge Properties

7
Fig.4-1: Define Inelastic Hinge Properties
Clicking Properties
fill up the dialogue box
of Fig.4.3, then press
OK on Fig.4-3
Fig.4-2: Add / Modify Inelastic Hinge Properties
8
Fig.4-3: Directional Hinge Properties
The inelastic properties for the column have been defined. Now the inelastic properties
for the beam have to be defined.
9
Clicking Properties
fill up the dialogue
box of Fig.4.3, then
press OK on Fig.4-3
Fig.4-5: Add / Modify Inelastic Hinge Properties
10
Assignment of Inelastic Hinges

First select the two columns (vertical members) and then press Apply (Fig.5-1)
Then select the beam (horizontal members) and press Apply (Fig.5-2)
Fig.5-1: Assign Inelastic Hinges Fig.5-2: Assign Inelastic Hinges
Right Click and

select Display
Fig.5-3: The Inelastic Hinge Display
11
Loading Data
The time varying static load will be applied on the structure. The structure is loaded with
three concentrated loads each of magnitude 40kN (as shown in Fig-1.1) and it takes 1s for
the load to take its full effect.
The above loading will be accomplished by defining a static load and associating it to a
time history ramp function of duration 1s.
Assigning Static Load

At the Main Menu: Load /
Name> Incremental
Type> User Defined Load (USER)
Add
Close
At the Main Menu: Load /
Select the nodes with number 24, 27 and 30 on the GUI.
Load Case Name > Incremental Load

FZ > -40000N
Apply
Close
Time History Analysis Data
Time History Load Case
At the Main Menu: Load / Time History Analysis Data /
Fig.6-1: Time History Load Case
12
Fig.6-2: Add / Modify Time History Load Case
Fig.6-3: Time History Load Case
13
Time Forcing Function
Fig.7-1: Time History Function
Fig.7-2: Add / Modify Time History Function
Fig.7-3: Time History Function
14
Time Varying Static Load
Fig.8-1: Time Varying Static Load
Analysis
At the Main Menu: Analysis /
Or press F5 on the key board.
15
Notes on Time History Analysis Data

Time History Load Case (Refer to Fig.-6.2)
The Static Nonlinear Time History Analysis is Pushover analysis.
Increment Step: Enter the incremental steps until which the load will be
incrementally applied to the structure. In the model the Increment Step = 80 and the
total load is 3*40kN = 120kN. In nonlinear static analysis the load will be
incremented by 120kN / 80 = 1.5kN at each step and the analysis will be carried out
for each step.
Step Number Increment for Output: Analysis time step is required for producing
the results of the time history analysis. When this is specified as 1 the results are
produced at an interval of each application of 1.5kN.
Scale Factor: The value of scale factor 0.5. This means the entire load will not be
applied on the structure. Only half of the load will be applied. This is kept 0.5
because for validating the results we don't need to analyse the model for full value of
the load (i.e. 120kN). Displacements are checked before the load reaches to a value
(120 / 2) kN.
Iteration Control: Permit Convergence Failure: When Displacement or Force or

Energy diverges between the Steps specified by the user, MIDAS/Civil
automatically divides the steps and reanalyzes the model. If divergence still
continues, the analysis proceeds un-converged to the next step if Permit
Convergence Failure is checked on. Analysis results may contain some marginal
error, but the un-converged results still may be helpful to understand the
approximate behavior of the overall structure or to identify the cause of such
divergence. Results obtained using this option can be un-converged, especially when
the change of stiffness is significant due to nonlinear behavior. The time step should
be reduced in such cases.
Time Forcing Function (Refer to Fig.-7.2)
Force or Moment: These options are selected in order to enter dynamic nodal load
at Load > Time History Analysis Data > Dynamic Nodal Load...
Acceleration or Normalized Acceleration: These options are selected in order to
enter the time history loads as ground acceleration at Load > Time History Analysis
Data > Ground Acceleration...
Normal: This option is selected in order to enter the time history loads as time
dependent static load at Load > Time History Analysis Data > Time Varying Static
Load...
The defined Normal function means it takes 1s for the static load to act fully on the
structure. This 1s will be divided into 80 intervals and 1.5kN load will be applied
incrementally at each interval.
16
Verification and Interpretation of Results

Load Vs Displacement Graph
At the Main Menu: Result / Time History Result /
Fig.9-2: D / V / A - Function
Fig.9-3: Disp. Function
Fig.9-1: Time History Graph
17
Fig.9-5: Load Inc. History Function
Select Load unit

as kN at the
bottom menu bar
before pressing
Graph on Fig.9-7
Fig.9-7: Time History Graph
18
The following graph will be produced.
Fig.9-8: Increasing Load Vs Vertical Displacement of Node No. 27
Interpretation and Comparison
Following results are interpreted from the above graph,
The horizontal axis of the graph represents the displacement in mm

The vertical axis of the graph represents the factor (of the load applied) applied with
increasing magnitude from 0xP to 0.5xP (P = 3*40kN)
When the load = 0.3* (3*40kN) = 36kN, the downward displacement = 51.7395mm
19
Fig.9-9: Increasing Load Vs Vertical Displacement of Node No. 27
Vertical Displacement of the Centre Node of the Beam (MM)

Load Value (kN)
Experimental Other Software MIDAS / Civil
0.1 * (3 * 40) = 12 11.9 12.6 13.0
0.2 * (3 * 40) = 24 27.0 28.0 27.2
0.3 * (3 * 40) = 36 51.5 45.0 51.7
Animation of Displacement
Animation > Displacement

Component > DZ
Type of Display > Value, Animate
Apply
Fig.10-1: Animation Control Bar
20
Analysis Results of Fibre Sections

Fig.11-1: Analysis Results of Fibre Section
This completes the discussion on non-linear static analysis of a portal frame modeled
with fibre elements. This tutorial has utilized some of the results functions, the interested
users can browse through the MIDAS / Civil manual or technical notes available at
www.midasuser.com for more details on the subject.
21

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Tutorial

Verification of Fibre Model Results In Midas / Civil By

General Summary ......................... 1

File Opening and Preferences Setting ......................... 3

Fibre Model Data ......................... 3

Fibre Material Property (3)

Fibre Division Section (5)

Inelastic Hinge Properties (7)

Assignment of Inelastic Hinges (11)

Loading Data ............................. 12

Assigning Static Load (12)

Time History Analysis Data (12)

Notes on Time History Analysis Data ............................... 16

Verification and Interpretation of Results ............................... 17

Load Vs Displacement Graph (17)

Animation of Displacement (20)

Analysis Results of Fibre Sections (21)

Fig.-1-2 compares the Load versus Displacement graph generated by a renowned

This tutorial is intended to:

Fig.1-3: Model View

File Opening and Preferences Setting

Save the file as Fibre Model_NLTH.mcb

Fibre Model Data

Fig.2-1: Define Fiber Material Prop.

Fig.2-2: Inelastic Material Model

Fig.2-4: Inelastic Material Model Fig.2-6: Inelastic Material Model

Note: The factor b at Inelastic

Fig.2-7: Define Fiber Material Prop.

Fibre Division Section

Fig.3-1: Fiber Division Data.

At the Create Fibre Tab

Fig.3-2: Create Rebar data

At the Create Rebar Tab

At the Create Fibre Tab

At the Create Rebar Tab

2. Material Id.: Type3

Inelastic Hinge Properties

Fig.4-1: Define Inelastic Hinge Properties

Fig.4-2: Add / Modify Inelastic Hinge Properties

Fig.4-3: Directional Hinge Properties

Fig.4-4: Define Inelastic Hinge Properties

Fig.4-5: Add / Modify Inelastic Hinge Properties

Fig.4-6: Define Inelastic Hinge Properties

Assignment of Inelastic Hinges

Fig.5-1: Assign Inelastic Hinges Fig.5-2: Assign Inelastic Hinges

Right Click and

Fig.5-3: The Inelastic Hinge Display

Assigning Static Load

At the Main Menu: Load /

Select the nodes with number 24, 27 and 30 on the GUI.

Load Case Name > Incremental Load

Time History Analysis Data

Time History Load Case

At the Main Menu: Load / Time History Analysis Data /

Fig.6-1: Time History Load Case

Fig.6-2: Add / Modify Time History Load Case

Fig.6-3: Time History Load Case

Time Forcing Function

At the Main Menu: Load / Time History Analysis Data /

Fig.7-1: Time History Function

Fig.7-2: Add / Modify Time History Function

Fig.7-3: Time History Function

Time Varying Static Load