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OGIE 2009

LECTURE 1

OGIE 2009
OGIE 2009
Problem1: Resolve the 2000 N weight into components parallel to the
strings AB and AC.

Parallelogram Law

Whenever a force is to be
resolved into components,
Simply draw a parallelogram,
with the two adjacent sides,
each being parallel to the axis
of projection, as the
components and the diagonal
as the force to be resolved.
450

W by sine law
W W W
750  AB  AC
sin 75 sin 60 sin 45
WAB  1793.15 N
600
WAC  1464.10 N
300
Components of force in space

By Similar Figures Principle

Fz
“If two figures are similar,
then their corresponding
z parts are proportional”

Fx
y
Fy
x

OGIE 2008
Fxy

Fz z
d cos z  
Fz
z F F d
θZ
y
x

Fx x
z
F
d cos x  
Fyz F d
θx x y
Fx

OGIE 2008
Example 2: Given the figure shown where F = 54 kN and the
given coordinates are in meters.
Determine the following:
1. the unit vector along AB
2. the unit vector along BC
3. the angle between rod BA and
string BC
4. The vector form of the force F
5. The component of F along BA
6. The 3 direction angles of F
7. The moment of F about the 3 axes
8. The moment of F about A

OGIE 2009
1. Unit Vector along AB
( xB  x A )i  ( y B  y A ) j  ( zB  z A )k
u AB 
( xB  x A ) 2  ( y B  y A ) 2  ( z B  z A ) 2
5i  6 j  k
u AB 
62 
u AB  0.635i  0.762 j  0.127k

2. Unit Vector along BC


( xC  xB )i  ( yC  yB ) j  ( zC  z B )k
u BC 
( xC  xB )2  ( yC  y B ) 2  ( zC  z B ) 2
2i  6 j  3k
u BC 
7
u BC  0.286i  0.857 j  0.429k
3. The angle the rod BA and string BC
u BA  u BC  uBA uBC cos   uBAxu BC x  uBA y u BC y  u BAz u BC z
uBAxu BC x  uBA y uBC y  u BAz u BC z
cos  
uBA uBC
where : uBA  1 and uBC  1
cos   (0.635)(0.286)  (0.762)(0.857)  (0.429)(0.127)
  38.720
OGIE 2009
4.Vector Form of F

F = F  u BC  54(0.286i  0.857 j  0.429k)


F = -15.444i - 46.278 j  23.166k
5. The component of F along BA
F cos   component along BA θ
 F cos   F  u BA
 (-15.444i - 46.278 j  23.166k)( - 0.635i - 0.762 j - 0.127k)
 (-15.444)(-0.635)  (-46.278)(-0.762)  (23.166)(-0.127)
 42.129 kN

6. The 3 direction angles of F

u BC  0.286i  0.857 j  0.429k

cos x  0.286; cos y  0.857; cos z  0.429


 x  106.620  y  148.980  z  64.600

OGIE 2009
7. The Moment about the
three axes
7.a Moment about x-axis

Mx = ΣMx
= Fy(4) = 46.278(4)
= 185.112 kN·m

7.b Moment about y-axis


F = -15.444i - 46.278 j  23.166k
My = ΣMy Fy
= -Fx(4)-Fz(3)
= -14.441(4) -23.166(3)
= -127.262 kN·m
Fx
7.c Moment about z-axis
Fz
Mz = ΣMz
= -Fy(3) = -46.278(3)
= -138.834 kN·m
OGIE 2009
7. The Moment about A (the origin)

M A  Mxi  Myj  Mzk


M A  185.112i -127.262 j -138.834k
(vctor/rectangular form)
M A  (185.112) 2  (-127.262)2  (-138.834)2

M A  264.078kN  m  scalar/absolute value


M A  rAB x F then
M A  rAB x F

i j k  i j k 

=  rx ry rz 
 =  5 6 1 
 Fx -15.444 - 46.278 23.166
 Fy Fz 
where :
rAB  5i  6 j  k
F = -15.444i - 46.278j  23.166k
OGIE 2009
Determine:
Example 3. (Similar to CE Board May 2008)
Given the two coordinate vectors A and B
1. Absolute Resultant of A and B
2. Coordinates of the tip of Resultant
A = 6.74i + 8.35j -3.46k
of A and B
B = 2.57i - 5.55j + 2.15k
3. Direction angle with respect to z of
the Resultant

1. R=A+B  vector addition/sum thus (x, y, z)  (9.31, 2.80,  1.31)


R=(6.74i + 8.35j -3.46k)+(2.57i - 5.55j + 2.15k) 3. Direction angle of R with respect to z axis

R  9.31i  2.80 j -1.31k  vector form


Rz 1.31
R  (9.31)  (2.80)  (1.31)
2 2 2
cos z  
R 9.81
R  9.81  scalar/absolute value
 z  97.6740
2. Coordinates of the tip of resultant
Note: since the given are coordinate vectors, 
the coordinates of the tip of the force are the coefficients of
i, j and k respectively, when R is written in vector form
OGIE 2009
Example 4: The horizontal platform is supported at A by two cables anchored on the
vertical walls at B and C. If the tensions at AB and AC are 24 kN and 21 kN
respectively,

1. Write the resultant of these tensions in rectangular form.


2. Compute the direction angles of the resultant.
3. Locate the coordinates of a point on the x-y plane where the resultant will cross.

OGIE 2009
1. Write the forces in vector form
1.a. for the 21 kN force
(6  4)i  (3  0) j  (0  6)k
u 21 
(6  4) 2  (3  0) 2  (0  6)2
2 3 6
u 21  i  j  k
7 7 7
TAC  21(u 21 )  6i  9 j  18k

1.b for the 24 kN force


(0  4)i  (4  0) j  (8  6)k
u 24 
(0  4) 2  (4  0)2  (8  6)2
2 2 1
u 24   i  j  k
3 3 3
TAB =24(u 24 )
TAB =-16i+16j+8k

25
2.Find the sum 3. Compute the 3 direction angles cos  y  ;  y  29.500
28.723
R = TAB  T AC R= (-10) 2  (25)2  ( 10) 2  28.723kN 10
cos  z  ;  z  110.370
R =(6i  9 j  18k )  (-16i+16j+8k) 10 28.723
cos  x 
R =-10i+25j-10k 28.723
 x  110.370
OGIE 2009
Ry = 25 kN

Rx = 10 kN

Rz = 10 kN

OGIE 2009
Ry = 25 kN
Rz = 10 kN

x Rx = 10 kN

OGIE 2009

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