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SAT Practice Essay #1

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The essay gives you an opportunity to show how effectively you —Do not write your essay in this
can read and comprehend a passage and write an essay booklet. Only what you
analyzing the passage. In your essay, you should demonstrate write on the lined pages of
that you have read the passage carefully, present a clear and your answer booklet will be
logical analysis, and use language precisely. evaluated.
Your essay must be written on the lines provided in your answer —An off-topic essay will not
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You have 50 minutes to read the passage and write an essay

in response to the prompt provided inside this booklet. This cover is representative of what
you'll see on test day.
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As you read the passage below, consider how Jimmy Carter uses
• evidence, such as facts or examples, to support claims.

• reasoning to develop ideas and to connect claims and evidence.
• stylistic or persuasive elements, such as word choice or appeals to emotion,
to add power to the ideas expressed.
Adapted from former US President Jimmy Carter, Foreword to Arctic National

Wildlife Refuge: Seasons of Life and Land, A Photographic Journey by Subhankar
Banerjee. ©2003 by Subhankar Banerjee.
1 The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge stands alone as Americans last truly great wilderness.
This magnificent area is as vast as it is wild, from the windswept coastal plain where polar
bears and caribou give birth, to the towering Brooks Range where Dall sheep cling to cliffs
and wolves howl in the midnight sun.
2 More than a decade ago, [my wife] Rosalynn and I had the fortunate opportunity to camp
and hike in these regions of the Arctic Refuge. During bright July days, we walked along
ancient caribou trails and studied the brilliant mosaic of wildflowers, mosses, and lichens
that hugged the tundra. There was a timeless quality about this great land. As the
never-setting sun circled above the horizon, we watched muskox, those shaggy survivors
of the Ice Age, lumber along braided rivers that meander toward the Beaufort Sea.
3 One of the most unforgettable and humbling experiences of our lives occurred on the
coastal plain. We had hoped to see caribou during our trip, but to our amazement, we
witnessed the migration of tens of thousands of caribou with their newborn calves. In a
matter of a few minutes, the sweep of tundra before us became flooded with life, with the
sounds of grunting animals and clicking hooves filling the air. The dramatic procession of
the Porcupine caribou herd was a once-in-a-lifetime wildlife spectacle. We understand
firsthand why some have described this special birthplace as “America’s Serengeti.”
4 Standing on the coastal plain, I was saddened to think of the tragedy that might occur if
this great wilderness was consumed by a web of roads and pipelines, drilling rigs and
industrial facilities. Such proposed developments would forever destroy the wilderness
character of America’s only Arctic Refuge and disturb countless numbers of animals that
depend on this northernmost terrestrial ecosystem.
5 The extraordinary wilderness and wildlife values of the Arctic Refuge have long been
recognized by both Republican and Democratic presidents. In I960, President Dwight D.
Eisenhower established the original 8.9 million-acre Arctic National Wildlife Range to
preserve its unique wildlife, wilderness, and recreational values. Twenty years later, I
signed the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act, monumental legislation that
safeguarded more than 100 million acres of national parks, refuges, and forests in Alaska.
This law specifically created the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, doubled the size of the
former range, and restricted development in areas that are clearly incompatible with oil
exploration.
6 Since I left office, there have been repeated proposals to open the Arctic Refuge coastal
plain to oil drilling. Those attempts have failed because of tremendous opposition by the
American people, including the Gwich’in Athabascan Indians of Alaska and Canada,
indigenous people whose culture has depended on the Porcupine caribou herd for
thousands of years. Having visited many aboriginal peoples around the world, I can
empathize with the Gwich’ins’ struggle to safeguard one of their precious human rights.
7 We must look beyond the alleged benefits of a short-term economic gain and focus on
what is really at stake. At best, the Arctic Refuge might provide 1 to 2 percent of the oil our
country consumes each day. We can easily conserve more than that amount by driving
more fuel-efficient vehicles. Instead of tearing open the heart of our greatest refuge, we
should use our resources more wisely.
8 There are few places on earth as wild and free as the Arctic Refuge. It is a symbol of our
national heritage, a remnant of frontier America that our first settlers once called
wilderness. Little of that precious wilderness remains.
9 It will be a grand triumph for America if we can preserve the Arctic Refuge in its pure,
untrammeled state. To leave this extraordinary land alone would be the greatest gift we
could pass on to future generations.
Write an essay in which you explain how Jimmy Carter builds an argument to
persuade his audience that the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge should not be
developed for industry. In your essay, analyze how Carter uses one or more of
the features listed in the box above (or features of your own choice) to
strengthen the logic and persuasiveness of his argument. Be sure that your
analysis focuses on the most relevant features of the passage.
Your essay should not explain whether you agree with Carter's claims, but
rather explain how Carter builds an argument to persuade his audience.
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5LS05E published material, do not necessarily represent the opinions of the College Board
DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOK UNTIL THE SUPERVISOR TELLS YOU TO DO SO.
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in response to the prompt provided inside this booklet. This cover is representative of
what you'll see on test day.
As you read the passage below, consider how Martin Luther King Jr. uses

Adapted from Martin Luther King Jr., “Beyond Vietnam—A Time to Break
Silence.” The speech was delivered at Riverside Church in New York City
on April 4,1967.
1 Since I am a preacher by calling, I suppose it is not surprising that I have ... major reasons
for bringing Vietnam into the field of my moral vision. There is at the outset a very
obvious and almost facile connection between the war in Vietnam and the struggle I, and
others, have been waging in America. A few years ago there was a shining moment in that
struggle. It seemed as if there was a real promise of hope for the poor—both black and
white—through the poverty program. There were experiments, hopes, new beginnings.
Then came the buildup in Vietnam, and I watched this program broken and eviscerated, as
if it were some idle political plaything of a society gone mad on war, and I knew that
America would never invest the necessary funds or energies in rehabilitation of its poor so
long as adventures like Vietnam continued to draw men and skills and money like some
demonic destructive suction tube. So, I was increasingly compelled to see the war as an
enemy of the poor and to attack it as such.
2 Perhaps a more tragic recognition of reality took place when it became clear to me that the
war was doing far more than devastating the hopes of the poor at home. It was sending
their sons and their brothers and their husbands to fight and to die in extraordinarily high
proportions relative to the rest of the population. We were taking the black young men
who had been crippled by our society and sending them eight thousand miles away to
guarantee liberties in Southeast Asia which they had not found in southwest Georgia and
East Harlem. And so we have been repeatedly faced with the cruel irony of watching
Negro and white boys on TV screens as they kill and die together for a nation that has been
unable to seat them together in the same schools. And so we watch them in brutal
solidarity burning the huts of a poor village, but we realize that they would hardly live on
the same block in Chicago. I could not be silent in the face of such cruel manipulation of
the poor.
3 My [next] reason moves to an even deeper level of awareness, for it grows out of my
experience in the ghettoes of the North over the last three years—especially the last three
summers. As I have walked among the desperate, rejected, and angry young men, I have
told them that Molotov cocktails1 and rifles would not solve their problems. I have tried
to offer them my deepest compassion while maintaining my conviction that social
change comes most meaningfully through nonviolent action. But they ask —and rightly
so—what about Vietnam? They ask if our own nation wasn't using massive doses of
violence to solve its problems, to bring about the changes it wanted. Their questions hit
home, and I knew that I could never again raise my voice against the violence of the
oppressed in the ghettos without having first spoken clearly to the greatest purveyor of
violence in the world today —my own government. For the sake of those boys, for the
sake of this government, for the sake of the hundreds of thousands trembling under our
violence, I cannot be silent.
4 For those who ask the question, “Aren't you a civil rights leader?” and thereby mean to
exclude me from the movement for peace, I have this further answer. In 1957 when a
group of us formed the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, we chose as our
motto: “To save the soul of America.” We were convinced that we could not limit our
vision to certain rights for black people, but instead affirmed the conviction that America
would never be free or saved from itself until the descendants of its slaves were loosed
completely from the shackles they still wear.... Now, it should be incandescently clear
that no one who has any concern for the integrity and life of America today can ignore
the present war. If Americans soul becomes totally poisoned, part of the autopsy must
read: Vietnam. It can never be saved so long as it destroys the deepest hopes of men the
world over. So it is that those of us who are yet determined that America will
be—are—are led down the path of protest and dissent, working for the health of our land.
Write an essay in which you explain how Martin Luther King Jr. builds an
argument to persuade his audience that American involvement in the Vietnam
War is unjust. In your essay, analyze how King uses one or more of the features
listed in the box above (or features of your own choice) to strengthen the logic
and persuasiveness of his argument. Be sure that your analysis focuses on the
most relevant features of the passage.
Your essay should not explain whether you agree with King's claims, but rather
explain how King builds an argument to persuade his audience.
1 A crude bomb made from glass bottles filled with flammable liquids and topped with wicks
YOUR NAME (PRINT)
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5LS07E published material, do not necessarily represent the opinions of the College Board.
College Board

ESSAY
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can read and comprehend a passage and write an essay analyzing booklet. Only what you
the passage. In your essay, you should demonstrate that you have write on the lined pages of
read the passage carefully, present a clear and logical analysis, your answer booklet will be
and use language precisely. evaluated.
Your essay must be written on the lines provided in your answer —An off-topic essay will not be
booklet; except for the Planning Page of the answer booklet, you evaluated.

As you read the passage below, consider how Eliana Dockterman uses

Adapted from Eliana Dockterman, “The Digital Parent Trap.” ©2013 by

Time Inc. Originally published August 19,2013.
1 By all measures, this generation of American kids (ages 3 to 18) is the tech-savviest in
history:27%ofthemusetablets,43%usesmartphones，and52%uselaptops.Andin just a
few weeks they will start the most tech-saturated school year ever: Los Angeles County
alone will spend $30 million on classroom iPads this year, outfitting 640,000 kids by late
2014.
2 Yet, according to the latest findings from the research firm Grunwald Associates, barely
half of U.S. parents agree that mobile technology should play a more prominent role in
schools. Some are even paying as much as $24,000 to send their kids to monthlong “digital
detox’ programs like the one at Capio Nightingale Hospital in the U.K....
3 So who’s right—the mom trying to protect her kids from the perils of new technology or
the dad who’s coaching his kids to embrace it? It’s an urgent question at a time when more
than 80% of U.S. school districts say they are on the cusp of incorporating Web-enabled
tablets into everyday curriculums.
4 For years, the Parental Adage was simple: The less time spent with screens, the better. That
thinking stems from, among other things, reports about the rise of cyberbullying ... as well
as the fact that social media—specifically the sight of others looking happy in photos—can
make kids feel depressed and insecure.
5 There’s also a fundamental aversion to sitting kids in front of screens, thanks to decades of
studies proving that watching too much TV can lead to obesity, violence and
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
6 In that vein, the Waldorf Schools—a consortium of private K-12 schools in North America
designed to “connect children to nature” and “ignite passion for lifelong learning”一
limit tech in the classroom and bar the use of smartphones, laptops, televisions and even
radios at home. “You could say some computer games develop creativity,” says Lucy
Wurtz, an administrator at the Waldorf School in Los Altos, Calif., minutes from Silicon
Valley. “But I don’t see any benefit. Waldorf kids knit and build things and paint一a lot
of really practical and creative endeavors.”
7 But it’s not that simple. While there are dangers inherent in access to Facebook, new
research suggests that social-networking sites also offer unprecedented learning
opportunities. “Online, kids can engage with specialized communities of interest,”
says Mimi Ito, an anthropologist at the University of California at Irvine who’s studying
how technology affects young adults. “They’re no longer limited by what’s offered in
school.”
8 Early tech use has cognitive benefits as well. Although parenting experts have
questioned the value of educational games—as Jim Taylor, author of Raising Generation
Tech, puts it, “they’re a load of crap ... meant to make money”—new studies have shown
they can add real value. In a recent study by SRI, a nonprofit research firm, kids who
played games like Samorost (solving puzzles) did 12% better on logic tests than those
who did not. And at MIT’s Education Arcade, playing the empire-building game
Civilization piqued students’ interest in history and was directly linked to an
improvement in the quality of their history-class reports.
9 The reason: engagement. On average, according to research cited by MIT, students can
remember only 10% of what they read, 20% of what they hear and 50% of what they see
demonstrated. But when they’re actually doing something themselves—in the virtual
worlds on iPads or laptops—that retention rate skyrockets to 90%.
10 This is a main reason researchers like Ito say the American Academy of Pediatrics’
recommendation of a two-hour screen-time limit is an outdated concept: actively
browsing pages on a computer or tablet is way more brain-stimulating than vegging out
in front of the TV.
11 The most convincing argument for early-age tech fluency, however, is more basic:
staying competitive. “If you look at applying for college or a job, that’s on the computer,”
says Shawn Jackson, principal of Spencer Tech, a public school in one of Chicago’s
lower-income neighborhoods. Ditto the essential skills for jobs in fast-growing sectors
such as programming, engineering and biotechnology. “If we’re not exposing our
students to this stuff early,” Jackson continues, “they’re going to be left behind.” ...
12 None of this means kids deserve unfettered access to the gadget of their
choice—especially if, as McGrath notes, they’ve already been caught abusing it. As
with any childhood privilege, monitoring is key. But parents should keep an open
mind about the benefits of tech fluency.
Write an essay in which you explain how Eliana Dockterman builds an

argument to persuade her audience that there are benefits to early exposure
to technology. In your essay, analyze how Dockterman uses one or more of
the features listed in the box above (or features of your own choice) to
strengthen the logic and persuasiveness of her argument. Be sure that your
Your essay should not explain whether you agree with Dockterman's claims,
but rather explain how Dockterman builds an argument to persuade her
audience.
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5LS06E published material, do not necessarily represent the opinions of the College Board.
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ESSAY BOOK

As you read the passage below, consider how Paul Bogard uses

Adapted from Paul Bogard, “Let There Be Dark.” ©2012 by Los Angeles Times.
Originally published December 21,2012.
1 At my family’s cabin on a Minnesota lake, I knew woods so dark that my hands

disappeared before my eyes. I knew night skies in which meteors left smoky trails across
sugary spreads of stars. But now, when 8of10 children born in the United States will never
know a sky dark enough for the Milky Way, I worry we are rapidly losing night’s natural
darkness before realizing its worth. This winter solstice, as we cheer the days’ gradual
movement back toward light, let us also remember the irreplaceable value of darkness.
2 All life evolved to the steady rhythm of bright days and dark nights. Today, though, when
we feel the closeness of nightfall, we reach quickly for a light switch. And too little
darkness, meaning too much artificial light at night, spells trouble for all.
3 Already the World Health Organization classifies working the night shift as a probable
human carcinogen, and the American Medical Association has voiced its unanimous
support for “light pollution reduction efforts and glare reduction efforts at both the
national and state levels.” Our bodies need darkness to produce the hormone melatonin,
which keeps certain cancers from developing, and our bodies need darkness for sleep.
Sleep disorders have been linked to diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and
depression, and recent research suggests one main cause of “short sleep” is “long light.”
Whether we work at night or simply take our tablets, notebooks and smartphones to bed,
there isn’t a place for this much artificial light in our lives.
4 The rest of the world depends on darkness as well, including nocturnal and crepuscular
species of birds, insects, mammals, fish and reptiles. Some examples are well known—the
400 species of birds that migrate at night in North America, the sea turtles that come
ashore to lay their eggs—and some are not, such as the bats that save American farmers
billions in pest control and the moths that pollinate 80% of the world’s flora. Ecological
light pollution is like the bulldozer of the night, wrecking habitat and disrupting
ecosystems several billion years in the making. Simply put, without darkness, Earth’s
ecology would collapse....
5 In today’s crowded, louder, more fast-paced world, night’s darkness can provide solitude,
quiet and stillness, qualities increasingly in short supply. Every religious tradition has
considered darkness invaluable for a soulful life, and the chance to witness the universe
has inspired artists, philosophers and everyday stargazers since time began. In a world
awash with electric light... how would Van Gogh have given the world his “Starry
Night”? Who knows what this vision of the night sky might inspire in each of us, in
our children or grandchildren?
6 Yet all over the world, our nights are growing brighter. In the United States and Western
Europe, the amount of light in the sky increases an average of about 6% every year.
Computer images of the United States at night, based on NASA photographs, show that
what was a very dark country as recently as the 1950s is now nearly covered with a
blanket of light. Much of this light is wasted energy, which means wasted dollars. Those
of us over 35 are perhaps among the last generation to have known truly dark nights.
Even the northern lake where I was lucky to spend my summers has seen its darkness
diminish.
7 It doesn’t have to be this way. Light pollution is readily within our ability to solve, using
new lighting technologies and shielding existing lights. Already, many cities and towns
across North America and Europe are changing to LED streetlights, which offer dramatic
possibilities for controlling wasted light. Other communities are finding success with
simply turning off portions of their public lighting after midnight. Even Paris, the famed
“city of light,” which already turns off its monument lighting after 1 a.m., will this
summer start to require its shops, offices and public buildings to turn off lights after 2 a.m.
Though primarily designed to save energy, such reductions in light will also go far in
addressing light pollution. But we will never truly address the problem of light pollution
until we become aware of the irreplaceable value and beauty of the darkness we are
losing.
Write an essay in which you explain how Paul Bogard builds an argument to
persuade his audience that natural darkness should be preserved. In your essay,
analyze how Bogard uses one or more of the features listed in the box above (or
features of your own choice) to strengthen the logic and persuasiveness of his
argument. Be sure that your analysis focuses on the most relevant features of
the passage.
Your essay should not explain whether you agree with Bogard's claims, but
rather explain how Bogard builds an argument to persuade his audience.
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5KS01E
published material, do not necessarily represent the opinions of the College Board.
DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOK UNTIL THE TEST ADMINISTRATOR TELLS YOU TO DO SO.
SAT Practice Essay
#5
ESSAY BOOK

As you read the passage below, consider how Peter S. Goodman uses

Adapted from Peter S. Goodman, “Foreign News at a Crisis Point.” ©2013 by

TheHuffingtonPost.com, Inc. Originally published September 25, 2013.
Peter Goodman is the executive business and global news editor at
TheHuffingtonPost.com.
1 Back in 2003, American Journalism Review produced a census of foreign correspondents

then employed by newspapers based in the United States, and found 307 full-time people.
When AJR repeated the exercise in the summer of 2011, the count had dropped to 234. And
even that number was significantly inflated by the inclusion of contract writers who had
replaced full-time staffers.
2 In the intervening eight years, 20 American news organizations had entirely eliminated
their foreign bureaus.
3 The same AJR survey zeroed in on a representative sampling of American papers from
across the country and found that the space devoted to foreign news had shrunk by 53
percent over the previous quarter-century.
4 All of this decline was playing out at a time when the U.S. was embroiled in two overseas
wars, with hundreds of thousands of Americans deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan. It was
happening as domestic politics grappled with the merits and consequences of a global war
on terror, as a Great Recession was blamed in part on global imbalances in savings, and as
world leaders debated a global trade treaty and pacts aimed at addressing climate change.
It unfolded as American workers heard increasingly that their wages and job security were
under assault by competition from counterparts on the other side of oceans.
5 In short, news of the world is becoming palpably more relevant to the day-to-day
experiences of American readers, and it is rapidly disappearing.
6 Yet the same forces that have assailed print media, eroding foreign news along the way,
may be fashioning a useful response. Several nonprofit outlets have popped up to finance
foreign reporting, and a for-profit outfit, GlobalPost, has dispatched a team of 18 senior
correspondents into the field, supplemented by dozens of stringers and freelancers....
7 We are intent on forging fresh platforms for user-generated content: testimonials,
snapshots and video clips from readers documenting issues in need of attention. Too often
these sorts of efforts wind up feeling marginal or even patronizing: “Dear peasant, here’s
your chance to speak to the pros about what’s happening in your tiny little corner of the
world.” We see user-generated content as a genuine reporting tool,
one that operates on the premise that we can only be in so many places at once.
Crowd-sourcing is a fundamental advantage of the web, so why not embrace it as a means
of piecing together a broader and more textured understanding of events?
8 We all know the power of Twitter, Facebook and other forms of social media to connect
readers in one place with images and impressions from situations unfolding far away. We
know the force of social media during the Arab Spring, as activists convened and reacted to
changing circumstances.... Facts and insights reside on social media, waiting to be
harvested by the digitally literate contemporary correspondent.
9 And yet those of us who have been engaged in foreign reporting for many years will
confess to unease over many of the developments unfolding online, even as we recognize
the trends are as unstoppable as globalization or the weather. Too often it seems as if
professional foreign correspondents, the people paid to use their expertise while serving as
informational filters, are being replaced by citizen journalists who function largely as
funnels, pouring insight along with speculation, propaganda and other white noise into
the mix.
10 We can celebrate the democratization of media, the breakdown of monopolies, the rise of
innovative means of telling stories, and the inclusion of a diversity of voices, and still ask
whether the results are making us better informed. Indeed, we have a professional
responsibility to continually ask that question while seeking to engineer new models that
can channel the web in the interest of better informing readers....
11 We need to embrace the present and gear for the future. These are days in which
newsrooms simply must be entrepreneurial and creative in pursuit of new means of
reporting and paying for it. That makes this a particularly interesting time to be doing the
work, but it also requires forthright attention to a central demand: We need to put back
what the Internet has taken away. We need to turn the void into something fresh and
compelling. We need to re-examine and update how we gather information and how we
engage readers, while retaining the core values of serious-minded journalism.
12 This will not be easy.... But the alternative—accepting ignorance and parochialism—is
simply not an option.
Write an essay in which you explain how Peter S. Goodman builds an argument
to persuade his audience that news organizations should increase the amount of
professional foreign news coverage provided to Americans. In your essay,
analyze how Goodman uses one or more of the features listed in the box above
(or features of your own choice) to strengthen the logic and persuasiveness of
his argument. Be sure that your analysis focuses on the most relevant features
of the passage.
Your essay should not explain whether you agree with Goodman's claims, but
rather explain how Goodman builds an argument to persuade his audience.
YOUR NAME (PRINT)
LAST FIRST MI
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5LS04E
ESSAY
BOOK
can read and comprehend a passage and write an essay analyzing booklet. Only what you
the passage. In your essay, you should demonstrate that you have write on the lined pages of
read the passage carefully, present a clear and logical analysis, your answer booklet will be
and use language precisely. evaluated.

As you read the passage below, consider how Adam B. Summers uses

Adapted from Adam B. Summers, “Bag Ban Bad for Freedom and Environment.”
©2013 by The San Diego Union-Tribune, LLC. Originally published June 13, 2013.
1 Californians dodged yet another nanny-state regulation recently when the state Senate
narrowly voted down a bill to ban plastic bags statewide, but the reprieve might only be
temporary. Not content to tell us how much our toilets can flush or what type of light bulb
to use to brighten our homes, some politicians and environmentalists are now focused on
deciding for us what kind of container we can use to carry our groceries.
2 The bill... would have prohibited grocery stores and convenience stores with at least $2
million in gross annual sales and 10,000 square feet of retail space from providing
single-use plastic or paper bags, although stores would have been allowed to sell recycled
paper bags for an unspecified amount. The bill fell just three votes short of passage in the
Senate . . . and Sen. Alex Padilla, D-Los Angeles, who sponsored the measure, has
indicated that he would like to bring it up again, so expect this fight to be recycled rather
than trashed.
3 While public debate over plastic bag bans often devolves into emotional pleas to save the
planet or preserve marine life (and, believe me, I love sea turtles as much as the next guy),
a little reason and perspective is in order.
4 According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, plastic bags, sacks, and wraps of
all kinds (not just grocery bags) make up only about 1.6 percent of all municipal solid
waste materials. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) bags, which are the most common
kind of plastic grocery bags, make up just 0.3 percent of this total.
5 The claims that plastic bags are worse for the environment than paper bags or cotton
reusable bags are dubious at best. In fact, compared to paper bags, plastic grocery bags
produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions, require 70 percent less energy to make, generate
80 percent less waste, and utilize less than 4 percent of the amount of water needed to
manufacture them. This makes sense because plastic bags are lighter and take up less
space than paper bags.
6 Reusable bags come with their own set of problems. They, too, have a larger carbon
footprint than plastic bags. Even more disconcerting are the findings of several studies
that plastic bag bans lead to increased health problems due to food contamination from
bacteria that remain in the reusable bags. A November 2012 statistical analysis by
University of Pennsylvania law professor Jonathan Klick and George Mason University
law professor and economist Joshua D. Wright found that San Francisco’s plastic bag ban
in 2007 resulted in a subsequent spike in hospital emergency room visits due to E. coli,
salmonella, and campylobacter-related intestinal infectious diseases. The authors
conclude that the ban even accounts for several additional deaths in the city each year
from such infections.
7 The description of plastic grocery bags as “single-use” bags is another misnomer. The vast
majority of people use them more than once, whether for lining trash bins or picking up
after their dogs. (And still other bags are recycled.) Since banning plastic bags also means
preventing their additional uses as trash bags and pooper scoopers, one unintended
consequence of the plastic bag ban would likely be an increase in plastic bag purchases for
these other purposes. This is just what happened in Ireland in 2002 when a15 Euro cent
($0.20) tax imposed on plastic shopping bags led to a 77 percent increase in the sale of
plastic trash can liner bags.
8 And then there are the economic costs. The plastic bag ban would threaten the roughly
2,000 California jobs in the plastic bag manufacturing and recycling industry, although, as
noted in the Irish example above, they might be able to weather the storm if they can
successfully switch to producing other types of plastic bags. In addition, taxpayers will
have to pony up for the added bureaucracy, and the higher regulatory costs foisted upon
bag manufacturers and retailers will ultimately be borne by consumers in the form of
price increases.
9 Notwithstanding the aforementioned reasons why plastic bags are not, in fact, evil
incarnate, environmentalists have every right to try to convince people to adopt certain
beliefs or lifestyles, but they do not have the right to use government force to compel
people to live the way they think best. In a free society, we are able to live our lives as we
please, so long as we do not infringe upon the rights of others. That includes the right to
make such fundamental decisions as “Paper or plastic?”
Write an essay in which you explain how Adam B. Summers builds an argument
to persuade his audience that plastic shopping bags should not be banned. In
your essay, analyze how Summers uses one or more of the features listed in the
box above (or features of your own choice) to strengthen the logic and
persuasiveness of his argument. Be sure that your analysis focuses on the most
relevant features of the passage.
Your essay should not explain whether you agree with Summers's claims, but
rather explain how Summers builds an argument to persuade his audience.
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5LS03E
SAT Practice Essay
#7
ESSAY BOOK

As you read the passage below, consider how Dana Gioia uses

Adapted from Dana Gioia, “Why Literature Matters.” ©2005 by The New York
Times Company. Originally published April 10, 2005.
1 [A] strange thing has happened in the American arts during the past quarter century.
While income rose to unforeseen levels, college attendance ballooned, and access to
information increased enormously, the interest young Americans showed in the
arts—and especially literature—actually diminished.
2 According to the 2002 Survey of Public Participation in the Arts, a population study
designed and commissioned by the National Endowment for the Arts (and executed by
the US Bureau of the Census), arts participation by Americans has declined for eight of the
nine major forms that are measured.... The declines have been most severe among
younger adults (ages 18-24). The most worrisome finding in the 2002 study, however, is
the declining percentage of Americans, especially young adults, reading literature.
3 That individuals at a time of crucial intellectual and emotional development bypass the
joys and challenges of literature is a troubling trend. If it were true that they substituted
histories, biographies, or political works for literature, one might not worry. But book
reading of any kind is falling as well.
4 That such a longstanding and fundamental cultural activity should slip so swiftly,
especially among young adults, signifies deep transformations in contemporary life. To
call attention to the trend, the Arts Endowment issued the reading portion of the Survey
as a separate report, “Reading at Risk: A Survey of Literary Reading in America.”
5 The decline in reading has consequences that go beyond literature. The significance of
reading has become a persistent theme in the business world. The February issue of Wired
magazine, for example, sketches a new set of mental skills and habits proper to the 21st
century, aptitudes decidedly literary in character: not “linear, logical, analytical talents,”
author Daniel Pink states, but “the ability to create artistic and emotional beauty, to detect
patterns and opportunities, to craft a satisfying narrative.” When asked what kind of
talents they like to see in management positions, business leaders consistently set
imagination, creativity, and higher-order thinking at the top.
6 Ironically, the value of reading and the intellectual faculties that it inculcates appear most
clearly as active and engaged literacy declines. There is now a growing awareness of the
consequences of non reading to the workplace. In 2001 the National Association of
Manufacturers polled its members on skill deficiencies among employees. Among hourly
workers, poor reading skills ranked second, and 38 percent of employers complained that
local schools inadequately taught reading comprehension.
7 The decline of reading is also taking its toll in the civic sphere. . . . A 2003 study of 15- to
26-year-olds^ civic knowledge by the National Conference of State Legislatures
concluded, “Young people do not understand the ideals of citizenship ... and their
appreciation and support of American democracy is limited.”
8 It is probably no surprise that declining rates of literary reading coincide with declining
levels of historical and political awareness among young people. One of the surprising
findings of “Reading at Risk” was that literary readers are markedly more civically
engaged than nonreaders, scoring two to four times more likely to perform charity work,
visit a museum, or attend a sporting event. One reason for their higher social and cultural
interactions may lie in the kind of civic and historical knowledge that comes with literary
reading....
9 The evidence of literature’s importance to civic, personal, and economic health is too
strong to ignore. The decline of literary reading foreshadows serious long-term social and
economic problems, and it is time to bring literature and the other arts into discussions of
public policy. Libraries, schools, and public agencies do noble work, but addressing the
reading issue will require the leadership of politicians and the business community as
well....
10 Reading is not a timeless, universal capability. Advanced literacy is a specific intellectual

skill and social habit that depends on a great many educational, cultural, and economic
factors. As more Americans lose this capability, our nation becomes less informed, active,
and independent-minded. These are not the qualities that a free, innovative, or
productive society can afford to lose.
Write an essay in which you explain how Dana Gioia builds an argument to
persuade his audience that the decline of reading in America will have a
negative effect on society. In your essay, analyze how Gioia uses one or more
of the features listed in the box above (or features of your own choice) to
strengthen the logic and persuasiveness of his argument. Be sure that your
Your essay should not explain whether you agree with Gioia's claims, but
rather explain how Gioia builds an argument to persuade his audience.
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5LS02E
OG 1: Foreword to Arctic National
In “Forward to Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: Seasons of Life and Land”，former
President Jimmy Carter voices his strong opposition against using the Refuge for industrial
purposes, oil exploration to be more specific. His argument's power and persuasiveness
mainly rests on his manifest logic and superior skills of diction.
Instead of highlighting the harms oil drilling can bring to the Arctic, Mr. Carter focuses the
reader on the natural beauties of the landscape that he is resolved to safeguard. The essay
starts with a brief yet vivid narration of the National Wildlife Refuge and depicts it as a
kingdom for animals “where polar bears and caribou give birth, to the towering Brooks
Range where Dall sheep cling to cliffs and wolves howl in the midnight sun”. In this way,
the readers' imagination is ignited and curiosity aroused. Closely following is a more
intriguing account of his personal experience and firsthand encounter of the wonderful land
when he tells not only about the diversified fauna but the vast range of flora, such as
wildflowers, mosses and the lichens. He even has the good fortune of witnessing the grand
migration of millions of caribou with their calves, which, as Jimmy puts it, is not only “the
most unforgettable and humbling experiences” but also was a “once-in-a-lifetime wildlife
spectacle”.
After such ample foreshadowing is laid, Mr. Carter goes on to unveil his thesis: he would be
“saddened to think of the tragedy that might occur if this great wilderness was consumed”
by oil industry which “ would forever destroy the wilderness character of America's only
Arctic Refuge and disturb countless numbers of animals that depend on this northernmost
terrestrial ecosystem”. The argument is short yet assertive, and few would defy this point.
Then he refers to history to further back his standpoint. “The extraordinary wilderness and
wildlife values of the Arctic Refuge have long been recognized by both Republican and
Democratic presidents”, and support is not confined within the circle of statesmen but is
from the general public, the American people, and even the aboriginal “Gwich'in
Athabascan Indians of Alaska and Canada” whose culture grows out of this particular
landscape play a part in making their voice heard.
Mr. Carter does not stop here; he is much wiser. To make the argument more convincing, he
needs another element: counterarguments--the benefits of developing oil industry in the
region, which he identifies as “short-term economic gains” and “At best, the Arctic Refuge
might provide 1 to 2 percent of the oil our country consumes each day.” The reward is too
minor to put so much at stake. And to solve the problem of oil shortage, he proposes that
people use resources more
1
wisely and drive more fuel-efficient cars.
At the end of the essay, President Carter summarizes his point and reiterates the invaluable
benefits of preserving the Arctic Wildlife Refuge: in doing so, people are saving not only the
“national heritage, a remnant of frontier America” but are saving and endowing the greatest
gift for future generations and is thus “a grand triumph for America”.
Besides the easy to follow philosophy behind the above-mentioned parts, Jimmy Carter's
mastery of diction contributes enormously to the persuasiveness of the argument as well.
Long sentences prevail in this essay which means that much weight is carried in each
sentence. Complicated structures lend the writer much convenience in putting in more
information and adjectives to reinforce his viewpoint. For instance, when describing the
beautiful scenery of the Refuge, picturesque modifiers such as “towering Brooks Range”，
“brilliant mosaic of wildflowers” ， “a timeless quality” ， “never-setting sun” ， “those
shaggy survivors”.
The poetic beauty of the language is also made possible by the use of onomatopoetic words,
which is extremely powerful in describing wild animals, such as the “wolves howl in the
midnight sun”, and the tundra became flooded with life “with the sounds of grunting
animals and clicking hooves filling the air”.
2
OG 2: Beyond Vietnam
In his speech titled “Beyond Vietnam--A Time to Break Silence”，the famous social
activist Martin Luther King Jr. uttered his condemnation of America's involvement in the
Vietnam War. Such an argument is made convincing mainly by Martin's personal
anecdote and is reinforced by the use of such rhetorical devices as contrast and rhetorical
repetition.
To make a tenable argument, King needs to approach the topic discreetly with a well
justified reason. And he has made this clear at the very beginning of the speech, claiming
it is to do with his role as a preacher who naturally cares about people's morality. After a
confession of the disillusion of his earlier dreams concerning the poverty programs,
where “there were experiments, hopes, new beginning”，King has become increasingly
sober and watches the program “broken and eviscerated”； he realizes that the country
would rather invest in Vietnam Wars rather than the rehabilitation of the poor in its own
country. Therefore, he is forced to “see the war as an enemy of the poor and attack it”
vehemently.
His conviction is hardened with a second realization: the “War was doing far more than
devastating the hopes of the poor at home”, rather, it manipulated everyone involved,
especially those poor black men who had been sent to the War. They did not enjoy equal
rights as the whites back in their own country but were fighting for liberties of another
nation ； they were poor people themselves, but they were burning down huts of
impoverished locals on foreign soil. They were fighting and dying for their nation which
could not treat them fairly and equally. Such brutal irony was highlighted.
Again, to make his argument more credible, King adds another anecdote: his personal
encounter with people from the ghettos in the North. As he preaches on nonviolent
action to secure meaningful social change to “the desperate, rejected, and angry young
men”, he is interrogated and realizes that his own country is doing the opposite to get
what it wants, “using massive doses of violence to solve its problems”.
To conclude the speech, Martin further reiterates his clinging to pacifism and maintains
that the war in Vietnam can never save the nation but will deprive of people of their
deepest hopes.
In this way, the logic behind the argument is clear enough. Rather than giving people
hopes and equality, the war worsens the situation and drags the whole
3
nation into the abyss of pain (Or “ like some demonic destructive suction tube “ as King
puts it) and is thus a waste of energies and resources, which could have been invested on
improving the welfare and benefits of its own poor citizens. The war also costs innocent
lives who are dying for the nation and deserve more than they did get. And finally, the
war solves no practical problems for the US and merely poisons the spirit of all people.
In terms of stylistic and persuasive elements, Martin's employment of contrast and

rhetorical repetition is worth mentioning. He draws a contrast between those tricked
soldiers who were sent to war by saying that “We were taking the black young men who
had been crippled by our society and sending them eight thousand miles away to
guarantee liberties in Southeast Asia which they had not found in southwest Georgia
and East Harlem.” In this way, strange and faraway Vietnam is made tangible, and the
situation clear where the irony lies. Also, he asserts that, “we have been repeatedly faced
with the cruel irony of watching Negro and white boys on TV screens as they kill and die
together for a nation that has been unable to seat them together in the same schools. And
so we watch them in brutal solidarity burning the huts of a poor village, but we realize
that they would hardly live on the same block in Chicago. “Bubbles of the dreams fall
apart and the harsh reality reveals itself. What concerns the young men remains largely
unchanged while they are dying for little value.
The use of rhetorical repetition is most evident in the sentence “For the sake of those
boys, for the sake of this government, for the sake of the hundreds of thousands
trembling under our violence, I cannot be silent.” which has given much weight to the
justice of his speaking out what has to be said, namely, the war has to be stopped; and
the US definitely has no role to play in it.
4
OG 3: The Digital Parent Trap
In the article titled “The Digital Parent Trap”，Eliana Dockterman states that there are
benefits for the younger generation to be exposed to technology. She builds her
argument on the solid basis of sound research results and presents it in an unbiased
manner via the ample use of exemplification mainly in the form of listing statistics.
Instead of jumping to her conclusion, Eliana begins the essay by pointing out a key
feature of this present-day American generation: they are the tech-savviest in history.
And then she moves on to list people's contrasting views regarding this phenomenon
without picking a side to stand by.
The writer then examines the popular charges against tech fluency for young kids, which
include Parental Adages' against screens, the rise of cyberbullying, the negative impacts
of social media as well as other problems associated with watching TV like obesity and
violence. There are even practitioners in this vein--the Waldorf Schools where tech is
literally banned so that the passion for lifelong learning can be ignited by engaging
students in various kinds of practical and creative endeavors.
The turning point comes timely right after these and marks the writer's counterattack:
there are three major benefits of early tech exposure. To start with, social-networking
sites “offer unprecedented learning opportunities”，which means students can obtain
information from a wide range of resources other than from schools. Another benefit is
the development of cognition, for instance, in terms of their improvement in the ability
of logic and producing qualified history reports. The key has been attributed to
engagement. And last but not least, youngsters tend to stay competitive when they are
exposed to tech fluency. In other words, children brought up in a tech-filled
environment will find it easier to get used to society.
To make the argument more convincing, the writer even makes a little compromise in
the concluding paragraph, emphasizing that children's access to the gadgets should be
monitored and restricted by adults so as to yield the most desirable results. She is
convinced that parents should be open-minded about the merits of early exposure to
tech products.
Credibility of this article mainly rests on a comprehensive scope of conflicting ideas

supported by solid figures. Both the cons and pros of tech fluency have been
5
discussed at length with reference to specific examples and sources of information. Take
the cons for instance. The Waldorf Schools and their philosophy has been narrated in a
matter-of-fact manner without any subjective evaluation. Direct quotations of the
interviewee are cited, which makes the account more trustworthy.
Another two elaborate examples are given in the following paragraph where the writer
discusses the strengths of tech fluency. One is the quote from Mimi Ito, an
anthropologist at the University of California at Irvine, who is aware of the positive
impacts of children's going online. And the other is the evidence from SRI where “kids
who played games like Samorost (solving puzzles) did 12% better on logic tests than
those who did not.” Moreover, “at MIT's Education Arcade, the case of students playing
the empire-building game Civilization piqued students' interest in history and was
directly linked to an improvement in the quality of their history-class reports. “
Even the reason for this bettered performance has been identified, which is engagement.
Again, solid stats are provided: the retention rate for students of what they have learned
is 10% for reading, 20% for listening and 50% for what they see demonstrated. And when
they are engaged in doing something themselves—in the virtual worlds on iPads or
laptops—that retention rate soars to an incredible 90%. No wonder this contributes to an
improved performance in the above cases.
Throughout the passage, the author successfully maintains an objective and detached
scope of narrative in that it is intended for newspaper and requires objectivity and
insight into the issue discussed.
6
OG 4: Let There Be Dark
Sample Questions Essay Sample 1 of 2
Sample Essay Scores: 4 / 3 / 4
Paul Bogard, a respected and passionate writer, offers a convincing argument on the
importance of allowing more darkness to fill the earth for distinct health and ecological
reasons. With light providing as such a huge factor in daily life, we sometimes forget
that darkness can have more healing abilities, and allows nature to return to a
nonartificial, primitive state. Bogard uses personal observation for credibility, stirring
feelings, and startling facts to deliver a powerful argument.
Throughout the passage, Bogard remains nostalgic about his childhood: “At my family's
cabin on a Minnesota lake, I knew woods so dark that my hands disappeared before my
eyes. I knew night skies in which meteors left smoky trails across sugary spreads of
stars….This winter solstice, as we cheer the days' gradual movement back toward light,
let us also remember the irreplaceable value of darkness.” The description of nature and
the stunningly beautiful imagery creates a feeling of deep respect for the darkness. We
share in Bogard's view and as a result, Bogard has undeniable credibility. Bogard knows
the power of darkness and through his childhood memories, we lean our ears to listen to
him.
Even though credibility makes many appearences throughout the passage, it would
have no real meaning without evoking emotion. Bogard strikes the people who disagree
with him when he says, “Our bodies need darkness to produce the hormone melatonin,
which keeps certain cancers from developing and our bodies need darkness for sleep.
Sleep disorders have been linked to diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and
depression, and recent research suggests one main cause of 'short sleep' is 'long light'.”
Bogard's statement dissolves any doubt, but builds up new feeling. We finally see the
true importance of allowing our world to temporarily succumb to darkness. Through the
emotion Bogard evokes, we suddenly feel defensive in preserving the darkness for the
sake of our mental and physical health. Bogard even makes us think about the future
generations: “In a world awash with electric light...how would Van Gogh have given the
world his 'starry night'? Who knows what this vision of the night sky must inspire in
each of us, in our children or grandchildren?”
In order to achieve proper credibility and stir emotion, undeniable facts must reside in
passage. Bogard has completed his research, and uses it to further his case: “The rest of
the world depends on darkness as well, including nocturnal and crepuscular species of
birds, insects, mammals, fish, and reptiles. Some examples
7
are well known—the 400 species of birds that migrate at night in North America, the sea
turtles that come to lay their eggs—and some are not, such as the bats that save
American farmers billions in pest control and the moths that pollinate 80% of the world's
flora.” Using the facts about animals, Bogard extends the argument beyond humans,
allowing us to see that darkness does not only have an impact on us, but all of nature.
Bogard then says, “In the United States and Western Europe, the amount of light in the
sky increases an average of about 6 % every year….Much of this light is wasted energy,
which means wasted dollars. Those of us over 35 are perhaps among the last generation
to have known truly dark nights.” However, Bogard extends the facts to offer various
solutions to wasted and excessive light, such as changing LED streetlights and reducing
the use of lights in public buildings and homes during the night. Bogard builds up our
world, and then breaks it down in our minds with his writing: “Simply put, without
darkness, Earth's ecology would collapse ”
We can still save our world according to Bogard. We must see the strength and beauty in
the darkness, and remember how our world survived without lights. Light can be
acceptable, but too much of it can prove worse than permanent darkness.
This response scored a 4/3 /4.
Reading—4: This response demonstrates thorough comprehension of Bogard's text. The

writer captures the central idea of the source passage (the importance of allowing more
darkness to fill the earth for distinct health and ecological reasons) and accurately quotes
and paraphrases many important details from the passage. Moreover, the writer
demonstrates an understanding of how these ideas and details interrelate. In the third
body paragraph, for example, the writer shows the movement of Bogard's argument
from humans to animals and from problems to solutions (Using facts about animals,
Bogard extends the argument beyond humans…Bogard extends the facts to offer various
solutions). The response is free of errors of fact and interpretation. Overall, this response
demonstrates advanced reading comprehension.
Analysis—3: The writer demonstrates an understanding of the analytical task by

analyzing three ways Bogard builds his argument (personal observation for credibility,
stirring feelings, and startling facts to deliver a powerful argument). Throughout the
response, the writer discusses Bogard's use of these three elements and is able to move
past asserting their significance to deliver an effective analysis of the effects of these
techniques on Bogard's audience. Effective analysis is evident in the first body
paragraph in which the writer discusses the audience's possible reaction to reading
about Bogard's experience with darkness as a child (Bogard knows the power of
darkness and through his childhood memories, we lean our ears to listen to him). In the
second body paragraph, the writer contends that Bogard's statement dissolves any doubt,
8
but builds up new feeling. We finally see the true importance of allowing our world to
temporarily succumb to darkness. Through the emotion Bogard evokes, we suddenly
feel defensive in preserving the darkness for the sake of our mental and physical health.
These points of analysis would have been stronger had the writer elaborated on how
they work to build Bogard's argument. However, the writer competently evaluates
Bogard's use of personal observation, emotions, and facts and provides relevant and
sufficient support for each claim, demonstrating effective analysis.
Writing—4: The writer demonstrates highly effective use and command of language in
this cohesive response. The response includes a precise central claim (Bogard uses
personal observation for credibility, stirring feelings, and startling facts to deliver a
powerful argument), and each of the subsequent paragraphs remains focused on one of
the topics set forth in that central claim. There is a deliberate progression of ideas both
within paragraphs and throughout the response. Moreover, the response demonstrates
precise word choice and sophisticated turns of phrase (temporarily succumb to darkness,
remains nostalgic about his childhood, dissolves any doubt). The concluding paragraph
develops the essay rather than just restating what has been said and is also successful for
its precise word choice and complex sentence structures (We must see the strength and
beauty in the darkness, and remember how our world survived without lights. Light can
be acceptable, but too much of it can prove worse than permanent darkness). Although
there are occasional missteps where the writer overreaches with language (In order to
achieve proper credibility and stir emotion, undeniable facts must reside in the passage),
overall, this response demonstrates advanced writing skill.
9
In response to our world's growing reliance on artificial light, writer Paul Bogard argues
that natural darkness should be preserved in his article “Let There be dark”. He
effectively builds his argument by using a personal anecdote, allusions to art and history,
and rhetorical questions.
Bogard starts his article off by recounting a personal story - a summer spent on a
Minnesota lake where there was “woods so dark that [his] hands disappeared before [his]
eyes.” In telling this brief anecdote, Bogard challenges the audience to remember a time
where they could fully amass themselves in natural darkness void of artificial light. By
drawing in his readers with a personal encounter about night darkness, the author
means to establish the potential for beauty, glamour, and awe-inspiring mystery that
genuine darkness can possess. He builds his argument for the preservation of natural
darkness by reminiscing for his readers a first-hand encounter that proves the
“irreplaceable value of darkness.” This anecdote provides a baseline of sorts for readers
to find credence with the author's claims.
Bogard's argument is also furthered by his use of allusion to art - Van Gogh's “Starry
Night〃一 and modern history - Paris' reputation as “The City of Light”. By first
referencing “Starry Night” ， a painting generally considered to be undoubtedly
beautiful, Bogard establishes that the natural magnificence of stars in a dark sky is
definite. A world absent of excess artificial light could potentially hold the key to a grand,
glorious night sky like Van Gogh's according to the writer. This urges the readers to
weigh the disadvantages of our world consumed by unnatural, vapid lighting.
Furthermore, Bogard's alludes to Paris as “the famed ‘city of light'”. He then goes on to
state how Paris has taken steps to exercise more sustainable lighting practices. By doing
this, Bogard creates a dichotomy between Paris' traditionally alluded-to name and the
reality of what Paris is becoming - no longer “the city of light”，but more so “the city of
light …before 2 AM”. This furthers his line of argumentation because it shows how steps
can be and are being taken to preserve natural darkness. It shows that even a city that is
literally famous for being constantly lit can practically address light pollution in a
manner that preserves the beauty of both the city itself and the universe as a whole.
Finally, Bogard makes subtle yet efficient use of rhetorical questioning to persuade his
audience that natural darkness preservation is essential. He asks the readers to consider
“what the vision of the night sky might inspire in each of us, in our children or
grandchildren?” in a way that brutally plays to each of our emotions. By asking this
question, Bogard draws out heartfelt ponderance from his readers about the affecting
power of an untainted night sky. This rhetorical question tugs at the readers' heartstrings;
while the reader may have seen an unobscured night skyline before, the possibility that
their child or grandchild will never get the chance sways them to see as Bogard sees. This
10
strategy is definitively an appeal to pathos, forcing the audience to directly face an
emotionally-charged inquiry that will surely spur some kind of response. By doing this,
Bogard develops his argument, adding gutthral power to the idea that the issue of
maintaining natural darkness is relevant and multifaceted.
Writing as a reaction to his disappointment that artificial light has largely permeated the
prescence of natural darkness, Paul Bogard argues that we must preserve true,
unaffected darkness. He builds this claim by making use of a personal anecdote,
allusions, and rhetorical questioning.
This response scored a 4 / 4 / 4 .
Reading—4: This response demonstrates thorough comprehension of the source text

through skillful use of paraphrases and direct quotations. The writer briefly summarizes
the central idea of Bogard's piece (natural darkness should be preserved; we must
preserve true, unaffected darkness), and presents many details from the text, such as
referring to the personal anecdote that opens the passage and citing Bogard's use of
Paris' reputation as “The City of Light.” There are few long direct quotations from the
source text; instead, the response succinctly and accurately captures the entirety of
Bogard's argument in the writer's own words, and the writer is able to articulate how
details in the source text interrelate with Bogard's central claim. The response is also free
of errors of fact or interpretation. Overall, the response demonstrates advanced reading
comprehension.
Analysis—4: This response offers an insightful analysis of the source text and
demonstrates a sophisticated understanding of the analytical task. In analyzing Bogard's
use of personal anecdote, allusions to art and history, and rhetorical questions, the writer
is able to explain carefully and thoroughly how Bogard builds his argument over the
course of the passage. For example, the writer offers a possible reason for why Bogard
chose to open his argument with a personal anecdote, and is also able to describe the
overall effect of that choice on his audience (In telling this brief anecdote, Bogard
challenges the audience to remember a time where they could fully amass themselves in
natural darkness void of artificial light. By drawing in his readers with a personal
encounter...the author means to establish the potential for beauty, glamour, and
awe-inspiring mystery that genuine darkness can possess This anecdote provides a
baseline of sorts for readers to find credence with the author's claims). The cogent chain
of
11
reasoning indicates an understanding of the overall effect of Bogard’s personal
narrative both in terms of its function in the passage and how it affects his
audience. This type of insightful analysis is evident throughout the response and
indicates advanced analytical skill.
Writing—4: The response is cohesive and demonstrates highly effective use and
Command of language. The response contains a precise central claim (He
effectively builds his argument by using personal anecdote, allusions to art
and history, and rhetorical questions), and the body paragraphs are tightly
focused on those three elements of Bogard’s text. There is a clear, deliberate
progression of Ideas within paragraphs and throughout the response. The
writer’s brief Introduction and conclusion are skillfully written and encapsulate
the main ideas of Bogard’s piece as well as the overall structure of the writer’s
analysis. There is a consistent use of both precise word choice and well-chosen
turns of phrase (the natural magnificence of stars in a dark sky is definite,
our world consumed by unnatural, vapid lighting, the affecting power of an
untainted night sky). Moreover, the response features a wide variety in sentence
structure and many examples of sophisticated sentences (By doing this, Bogard
creates a dichotomy between Paris’ traditionally alluded-to name and the reality
of what Paris is becoming – no longer “the city of light”, but moreso “the city
of light…before 2AM”). The response demonstrates a strong command of the
conventions of written English. Overall, the Response exemplifies advanced
writing proficiency.
Sample Passage 1: Foreign News at a Crisis Point
Media presentation from across the globe is vital to the upkeep and maintenance of our
society. How this information is obtained and presented. If presented at all, is a different
story, however. Goodman builds an argument to persuade his audience that news
organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign news coverage to the
Americas through the presentation of statistics, connections to social media as well as
using specific diction to establish his argument.
Goodman uses statistics and facts, as presented by the AJR, in order to show the loss of
foreign correspondents reporting to the U.S. in order to persuade his audience that there
is a need for more professional coverage. He begins his essay with the statistic saying
that the level of professional foreign correspondents dropped from 307 full-time people
to 234. This conveys that the number of people providing legitimate and credible
information to news services in the U.S. is going down, thus alluding to the overall
decrease in foreign Media. Goodman uses this to build his argument by envoking his
audience to think that they may not be getting all the true media and facts presented. He
uses the statistic of the shrinking correspondents to establish the fact that if this number
is continually decreasing, there may be in the future a lack of unbiased media
presentation, asking his audience to consider importance of foreign news coverage.
Goodman connects to the vast implications of bias presented via social media to further
build his argument. Reporters “know the power of Twitter, Facebook and other forms of
social media” and, as they continue to rise in popularity in the distribution of media, are
enabling the genesis of “citizen journalists who function largely as funnels ...pouring
white noise into the mix”. Goodman further builds his argument here in order to
persuade his audience by showing how with the rise of social media, more biased and
superfluous information can be projected and wrongly viewed.
Goodman says this to evoke a concern within his audience about the truth in media.
Blatantly put, Goodman accounts for that if you want unbiased foreign media people
must turn from social media such as Twitter and Facebook and turn toward professional
foreign media presentation. Presenting this idea of a possible falacy within social media
greatly establishes his purpose as well as affirms his audience on weather they agree
with him or not.
Also, Goodman uses specific diction to further establish his argument to persuade his
audience. Goodman uses personal prounouns such as “we” to show that he
13
personally is a part of the media presentation community, not only establishing his
credibility on the subject, but also aiding in his persuasion of his audience by allowing
them to think he is an expert in the field. Through his word choice, Goodman further
establishes his argument by ascribing the need for more foreign reporter not as a burden
but as a challenge. This adds in the persuasion of his audience by showing them that this
is a real problem and that there are people rising up to it, and so should they.
Goodman's use of up-to-date references as well as connections to social media, use of

statistics, and diction establish his argument of the need for more foreign reporters as
well as persuading his audience of the heed to do so.
14
Over the years what is going on in the outside world has started to affect us more.
Whether it is a war that is going to effect us physically or even an oil disaster that will
effect us economically. However, this news is not always covered. The U,S. news focuses
more on what is going on in our own country then outside of it we are not well informed
to the world around us. Peter S. Goodman uses many different types of evidence to
support his claims and persuade his audience that news organizations should increase
the amount of professional foreign news coverage provided to Americans.
Within the first three paragraphs of this article the author offers many statistical evidence.
He throws out numbers. As a reader this appeals to a logical thinking audience. Also,
many people will start to believe that this author is a credible source. He appears to
know what he is talking about. Peter S. Goodman appears to have done some research on
this topic and proves this within his first three paragraphs. The author uses the numbers
"307" and “234” in the first paragraph. He wanted to illustrate to this audience the
decreasing amount of foreign correspondents that are employed by news companies
within the U.S. Right away Goodman shows the audience the subject of the article. He
establishes his purpose. He wants to call for a change. The author never comes out and
says this in the first paragraph. but he subtely hints at it. Next he shows how many news
organizations no longer have “foreign bureaus”. Again he throws out a number, “53
percent” to show how much foreign news has decreased within the United States. All
these facts are to support his claim that foreign news has shrunk within the United States
over the years. He feels as if this should change so people are better informed. Peter S.
Goodman then shifts from using statistical evidence to historical evidence.
Peter S. Goodman talks about things that are going on in the world around us today. He
brings up many issues that have just recently occured. As a reader I now start to question
whether I know what these issues are all about. Did I ever hear about them or even read
about them? These are all questions the author has put into the readers' mind. First, he
starts off with the war in Iraq and Afghanistan which almost every reader would know
about. There are issues that many of them had to deal with personality. Some of their
family members may be serving overseas. The author makes a personal connection with
the audience. They know the feeling of not knowing exactly what is going on overseas.
They constantly question what is happening and whether their loved ones are safe. The
author then claims that world news has started to have an affect on our day to day lives
in the US. He illustrates how our wages and economy depend on what is going on
outside of the United States. Peter S. Goodman transitions from hysterical evidence to
things that we use for news such as social media to make a connection to his audience.
The author starts to talk about how we now rely on social media for our world news. He
again backs up his claim that we need more “professional” foreign coverage in the
United States. He explains how common people are providing the news; this may make
15
for "speculation, propaganda, and other white noise into the mix.” These people are not
professional writers. Also, most of them are not neutral on an issue. He shows that
common people are bias. They all have an opinion and share it. Instead of saying what is
actually going on; they may say what they think is going on; the author uses the example
of bias saying there was not new organization reporting on this. All of our news came
from social media. People talk these accounts as truth. They do not realize that they are
not filtered. He compares “professional foreign correspondents” to “informational
filters" while he compares “citizen journalists" to “funnels”. Professional reporters that
would investigate foreign issues would only report back what they know is true. Only
facts would be included. However, every day people that are writing on the web would
say anything and everything they could think of. He uses this comparison to show his
audience the different ways they are given information. He wants to show them that
right now they are depending on opinions when in fact they should be depending on
facts. The author goes from how people are obtaining their information to how he thinks
people should obtain their information.
Peter S. Goodman uses his last few paragraphs to state his claims once again. He
reinforces the idea that we need to take back “what the Internet has taken away.” He
supports this earlier in his article when he [shows] how we do not also receive the full
story when we rely on day to day people to report the world news. The author wants to
journalists to change the way they write. He believes that they will be much more
successful in providing information to the public. They need to “engage” their readers.
The authors last few paragraphs are used to restate his claims that he supported with
evidence throughout his article.
The author uses many different types of evidence to back up his claims. He shows that he
has researched his topic by providing statistical evidence that agrees with his opinions.
He shows the decrease in the amount of foreign correspondents with this evidence. Then
he shifts to historical evidence. This evidence is used to show how much the world
around us has an impact on our society. Then he transitions to how we obtain
information today. He shows we do not always receive the full story. He uses this to
claim how we should gain our information. The author believes in more foreign
correspondents. Throughout “Foreign News at a Crisis Point” Peter S. Goodman uses
evidence to portray why we need to increase the amount of foreign news we receive
instead the United States. In using the evidence he shows how and why the world
around us constantly has an impact on us; this is why it is so important that the United
States citizens have an accurate description of issues and situations that are developing
in foreign nations.
16
Reading-4: This response demonstrates thorough comprehension of the source text and
illustrates an understanding of the interrelation between the central idea and the
important details of Goodman's article. The writer paraphrases Goodman's central claim
(news organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign news coverage
provided to Americans) and then accurately describes the statistical evidence that
undergirds that claim (the decrease of foreign correspondents as well as the decrease of
foreign bureaus). The writer goes on to discuss how Goodman ties the central claim to
important details such as the war in Iraq and Afghanistan and the reliance on social media
for our world news, thereby showing an understanding of these details. The response is
free of errors of fact or interpretation. Overall, this response demonstrates advanced
reading comprehension.
Analysis-3: This response demonstrates good understanding of the analytical task and
offers an effective analysis of the source text. The writer effectively analyzes how
Goodman uses various elements of his text to build a persuasive argument. For example,
the writer discusses two statistical pieces of evidence at the beginning of Goodman's
argument (The author uses the numbers "307" and tt234"... to illustrate ... the decreasing amount
of foreign correspondents; he throws out number, “53 percent" to show how much foreign news
has decreased). The writer then discusses how Goodman shifts from statistical evidence to
historical evidence to further his argument. Although the example then given is not
historical but current, the writer competently evaluates the effect of this element of
Goodman's text (he starts off with the war in Iraq and Afghanistan which almost every reader
would know about ■…The author makes a personal connection with the audience) Finally, the
writer makes good analytical use of textual evidence, saying that Goodman compares
“professional foreign correspondents” to “informational filters” while he compares “citizen
journalists” to ^funnels. The writer then explains what using this comparison illustrates
(“filters” present facts, while “funnels” convey anything and everything they could think of)
for Goodman's audience. Overall, this response demonstrates proficient analysis.
Writing-3: The response demonstrates effective use and command of language and as a
whole is cohesive. The response includes a precise central claim (Goodman uses many
different types of evidence to support his claims and persuade his audience that news
organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign news coverage). The effective
introduction provides context for the analysis that follows and the conclusion effectively
encapsulates that analysis. In addition, the writer progresses smoothly from idea to idea
within and between paragraphs. Although the response displays a consistently formal
and objective tone and good control of the conventions of standard written English, the
writer sometimes relies on choppy sentence structure and awkward or repetitive
phrasing (... the author offers many statistical evidence. He throws out numbers; He shows that
17
common people are bias. They all have an opinion and share it). Overall, this response
demonstrates proficient writing.
18
Sample Passage 2: Bag Ban Bad for Freedom and Environment
“Paper or plastic?” This is often a question we are asked at our weekly and/or bi-weekly
trip to the supermarket to purchase groceries to keep family fed. Adam B. Summers has
created a highly plausible argument that may change your answer next time you go
grocery shopping. He has developed valid claims that are backed up with crucial
evidence and has been able to properly persuade the reader by appealing to logos and
other rhetorical strategies.
Summers uses his words and research to reason with the reader and explain to them
why plastic bags really are the correct choice. A vast majority of people are misled about
all of the waste that plastic bags cause when Summers writes, “ ... plastic bags, sacks, and
wraps of all kinds (not just grocery bags) make up only about 1.6 percent of all municipal
solid waste materials.” This number is definitely lower. that we all assume, going into
this passage, and we are left surprised. Using reusable bags is a solution that others have
come up with to attempt to create less waste, however Summers delivers an appealing
argument. “ ... plastic bag bans lead to increased health problems due to food
contamination from bacteria that remain in the reusable bags.” This excerpt creates
another claim that leaves the reader wondering if reusable bags are really worth it. These
past two claims are connected well because they both draw the reader back to the idea of
using plastic bags. Another claim by Summers, “ ... one unintended consequence of the
plastic bag would likely be an increase in plastic bag purchases for these other purposes.”
These “other purposes” can be for lining trash bins, picking up after your dog on a walk,
collecting kitty litter, and many more things we use plastic bags for. When the author
brings in all of these additional uses of the plastic bag, we see the significance of the
plastic bag and how much money we save by reusing them. A final claim by Summers,
“The plastic bag ban would threaten the roughly 2,000 California jobs in the plastic bag
manufacturing and recycling industry ...” Now the reader almost feels guilty because
they do not want to take away jobs of others and the fact that some people even depend
on shoppers using plastic bags. These two final claims are well connected because the
author stressed the economic benefits of using plastic bags. Not only are these bags
saving you money, but they also are keeping some people in work. These four ideas are
successfully connected and convince the reader to use plastic bags over paper bags and
other types of reusable bags.
Evidence is a key component of this passage and Summers is sure to include this when
presenting us with key facts. He references important agencies such as the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency and includes a professor from the University
19
of Pennsylvatria, Jonathan Klick and a professor from George Mason University, Joshua
D. Wright. The inclusion of this agency and these professors make the work of Summers
credible and believable because us readers are confident of what we are being told is
correct and true. Evidence he also uses are facts such as, “ …plastic grocery bags produce
fewer greenhouse gas emissions, require 70 percent less energy to make, generate 80
percent less waste.” These facts back up Summers' claims that plastic bags are the better
choice. Without evidence, his passage would not mean a thing to us readers and we
would never be able to believe what he has said.
Persuasive elements are what make this passage successful. Summers has excellent ideas
and credible evince, but his use of persuasion are what capture the reader. He appeals to
logos when stating all of his claims about how using plastic bags can save you money
and keep you from getting sick, but he also appeals to pathos because this passage
described how plastic bags amount to less waste than most of us think and he wants to
help us make the Earth a better place to live. Throwing examples at us, “ ... San
Francisco's plastic bag ban in 2007 resulted in a subsequent spike in hospital emergency
room visits due to E. Coli, salmonella, ...” persuade the reader as well. With rhetorical
strategies and direct examples, Summers is clearly able to persuade the reader to choose
plastic next time.
So what will you choose next time you're shopping for groceries with your family?
Summers has made the choice obvious with his persuasive and effective passage. He has
been able to develop several ideas and backed them up with evidence that us readers can
trust. After reading this passage, there seems to be no other choice than plastic.
20
In Adam B. Summers' "Bag ban bad for freedom and environment” editorial for the San
Diego Union-Tribune, he argues against the possible laws hindering Californians from
using plastic bugs at grocery stores. He believes they would do more harm than good,
and that “a little reason and perspective is in order”. By the end of this piece the reader
will likely find themselves nodding in agreement with what Summers has to say, and this
isn't just because he's right. Summers, like any good writer, employs tactical reasoning
and persuasive devices to plead with the audience to take his side. In this article, he
demonstrates many such devices.
“Plastic bags ... make up only about 1.6 percent of all municipal solid waste materials,”
Summers ventures, his first utilization of a cold, hard fact. The truth in the numbers is
undeniable, and he cites his sources promptly, making the statement that much more
authentic. Knowledge is often viewed as power, and with information as direct as a
statistic, Summers is handing that power to the reader - the power to agree with him. Not
only does Summers spread the facts with numbers, he also does so with trends. He talks
about the price increase in Ireland, and the documented health hazards of reusable bags.
He uses the truth. backed by reliable sources, to infiltrate the readers' independent mind.
His thoroughness in this regard carefully builds his argument against this piece of
legislation, and this is just one of the many ways he spreads his opposition.
Additionally, Summers appeals to the ethnical and emotional side of individuals. With
key phrases like “taxpayers will have to pony up" and “borne by consumers," Summers
activates the nature of a human to act in their own self-interest. While one might view
this as selfish, Summers reassures the reader that they are not alone in feeling this way,
further contributing to his argument. With his statement that he “love[s] sea turtles as
much as the next guy”，Summers adds acceptance to those who don't care to act with
regard for the environment. By putting himself beside the reader as a typical consumer,
he equals them, and makes himself more likeable in the process. Appealing to
environmentalists, too, Summers qualifies that they “have every right to try to convince
people to adopt certain beliefs or lifestyles, but they do not have the right to use
government force ...” A statement such as this is an attempt to get readers of either
persuasion on his side, and his in genius qualification only adds to the strength of his
argument. An article focusing on the choice between "paper or plastic”, and how that
choice might be taken away certainly seems fairly standard, but by adjusting his diction
(i.e. using well known phrases, selecting words with strong connotations), Summers
creates something out of the ordinary. It is with word choice such as “recycled rather
than trashed” that the author reveals the legislations intent to stir up a repeat bill.
Because the issue at hand is one of waste and environmental protection, his humorous
diction provides a link between he and the audience, revealing not only an opportunity
21
to laugh, but also reinforcement of the concept that Summers is trustworthy and just like
everyone else. Negative words with specifically poor connotations also aid Summers in
his persuasive struggle. “Reprieve,” “dubious,” “ bureaucracy,” and “evil incarnate” all
depict a disparaging tone of annoyance and anger. surely helping Summers to spread his
message.
It is through many rhetorical devices that Summers sells his argument. Powerful diction,
qualification, ethos, pathos, logos, and informative facts all contribute to an exceptionally
well-written argument. It is his utilization of these practices and more that make this
article worthy of recognition. Once one reads the piece, they'll be nodding along in
accordance with Summers, and it isn't for no reason.
Reading-4: This response demonstrates thorough comprehension of the source text. The
writer provides a brief summary of Summers's main point in the introductory paragraph
(he argues against the possible laws hindering Californians from using plastic bags at grocery
stores) and throughout the response uses a mixture of direct quotations and paraphrases
to show an understanding of the central idea and important details from the source text
interrelate (He talks about the price increase in Ireland, and the documented health hazards of
reusable bags; the legislations intent to stir up a repeat bill). Further, the writer demonstrates
an understanding of how the central idea and important details interrelate by
consistently relating details to the main argument of the source text. The response is free
from errors of fact or interpretation. Overall, this response demonstrates advanced
reading comprehension.
Analysts-4: This response demonstrates a sophisticated understanding of the analytical

task by offering an insightful analysis of Summers's employment of tactical reasoning and
persuasive devices to plead with the audience to take his side. The writer puts forth a thorough
evaluation of Summers's use of evidence, reasoning, and stylistic and persuasive
elements by continually analyzing even the smallest features of Summers's piece. For
example, when citing a fact that Summers provides (“Plastic b a g s . . . make up only about
1.6 percent of all municipal solid waste materials"), the writer focuses on the truth in the
numbers as well as Summers's deliberate choice to share the fact's source and the effect
doing so has on Summers's argument. The writer continues the analysis by broadening
the focus to a brief but sophisticated discussion of knowledge as power and the
persuasive approach of handing that power to the reader. This type of well-considered
evaluation continues throughout the response, during which the writer touches on
Summers's appeals to the ethical and emotional side of individuals and Summers's use of
diction to create something out of the ordinary. The response is focused on relevant and
22
strategically chosen features of the source text in support of the writer's analysis. Overall,
this essay demonstrates advanced analysis.
Writing-4: This response demonstrates highly effective command of language and

cohesion. The response is organized around the writer's claim that readers will likely find
themselves nodding in agreement with what Summers has to say and this isn't just because he's
right but also because of his use of tactical reasoning and persuasive devices. The response is
highly organized and demonstrates a deliberate progression of ideas, with the writer
seamlessly transitioning from point to point. Sentence structures are varied and often
sophisticated (While one might view this as selfish, Summers reassures the reader that they are
not alone in feeling this way, further contributing to his argument). Word choice is precise
without tonal missteps (tactical reasoning; his ingenius qualification only adds to the strength
of his argument; disparaging tone of annoyance and anger). The response shows a strong
command of the conventions of standard written English and is virtually free of errors.
Minor conventions errors (Summers adds acceptance to those who don't care to act; and it isn't
for no reason) do not detract from the quality of the writing. Overall, this response
demonstrates advanced writing ability.
23
Sample Questions Essay Sample 2 of 2: Why Literature Matters
In the article, “Why Literature Matters” by Dana Gioia, Gioia makes an argument
claiming that the levels of interest young Americans have shown in art in recent years
have declined and that this trend is a severe problem with broad consequences.
Strategies Gioia employs to support his argument include citation of compelling polls,
reports made by prominent organizations that have issued studies, and a quotation from
a prominent author. Gioia's overall purpose in writing this article appears to be to draw
attention towards shortcomings in American participation in the arts. His primary
audience would be the American public in general with a significant focus on millenials.
In his introduction paragraph, Gioia employs a distinct contrast with several listed
positive changes in American life such as increased college attendance and increases in
income, with the focus of his article: the fact that the interest young Americans show in
art has declined. This tool is utilized to establish an emphasis on his primary point by
highlighting it as a negative development relative to other changes in American life. This
literary tool serves a strong purpose by acting as a vehicle to draw the audience into the
principle issue addressed by the writing.
In paragraph 5, Gioia utilizes a synergistic reference to two separate sources of

information that serves to provide a stronger compilation of support for his main topic.
By citing a quotation from author Daniel Pinks who states, that the talents individuals
require for success in the 21st Century are not, “linear, logical, analytic talents,” but ones
that provide, “the ability to create artistic and emotional beauty, to detect patterns and
opportunities,” and “to craft a satisfying narrative,” Gioia is able to build his point with
the agreement of a respected individual. He then immediately follows with a statement
that business leaders like to see, “imagination, creativity, and higher order thinking” as
qualities for individuals in management positions. This dual utilization of claims from
two separate sources conveys to Gioia's audience the sense that the skills built through
immersion in the arts are vital to succeeding in the modern workplace which aids in
logically leading his audience to the conclusion that a loss of experience with the arts
may foreshadow troubling results.
In paragraph 6, Gioia follows up on the point established in paragraph 5 by introducing

a negative example of the consequences of loss of the arts with a focus on literacy. Gioia
cites a 2001 poll on the National Association of American Manufactures stating that poor
reading skills ranked second among its employees surveyed for skill deficiencies while
38% of employees believed local
24
schools inadequately taught reading comprehension. Gioias presentation of a numerical
statistic based on a major employer adds significant logical weight to his argument by
providing an example of the effects of a deficit in experience with art and literature. This
may effect his audience by providing a more accurate depiction of the true problems
caused by disconnection with arts while possibly choosing an example they could
personally relate to.
Overall, Gioia provides an strong logical argument that disconnection with the arts is
troubling for America. He employs strong logical connections and establishes real-world
foundations for his point.
This paper scored a 4 / 3 / 4 .
Reading—4: This response demonstrates thorough comprehension of the source text

and illustrates an understanding of the interrelation between the central idea and
important details in Gioia's piece. The writer accurately paraphrases the central idea of
Gioia's text (the levels of interest young Americans have shown in art in recent years
have declined and that this trend is a severe problem with broad consequences). The
writer then exhibits an understanding of the details in Gioia's text and how they work
together to convey the main point (Gioia is able to build his point; He then immediately
follows with…；In paragraph 6, Gioia follows up on the point established in paragraph
5...). The response is also free of errors of fact or interpretation. Overall, this response
demonstrates advanced reading comprehension.
Analysis—3: The response demonstrates good understanding of the analytical task by

offering an effective analysis of the source text. The writer is able to move past simple
identification of and assertions about the analytical elements in Gioia's text to discuss
how these elements contribute to Gioia's argument. For example, the writer identifies the
distinct contrast that Gioia establishes early in the passage between positive changes in
American life and the fact that the interest young Americans show in art has declined.
The writer then explains that Gioia uses this contrast to establish an emphasis on his
primary point by highlighting it as a negative development. The writer then competently
evaluates the effect of this element of Gioia's text by explaining that this literary tool
serves a strong purpose by acting as a vehicle to draw the audience into the principle
issue addressed by the writing. This pattern of effective analysis continues throughout
the remainder of the response and indicates proficient analytical skill. The writer clearly
can delineate and evaluate the impact of Gioia's argumentative moves, but this analysis
lacks the thoroughness and completeness needed to receive a higher score. For example,
there is no indication of how or why these moves are effective.
Writing—4: The writer demonstrates highly effective use and command of language in
this cohesive response. The response includes a precise central claim (Strategies Gioia
25
employs to support his argument include citation of compelling polls, reports made by
prominent organizations that have issued studies, and a quotation from a prominent
author). The skillful introduction establishes the framework for the writer's
organizational structure, which is followed throughout the response. Although the
subsequent discussion is not laid out as explicitly as the simple three-pronged thesis
suggests, each body paragraph remains on-topic and demonstrates a deliberate
progression of ideas, and the response as a whole remains focused and cohesive. The
response contains many examples of sophisticated sentence structure, notable
vocabulary, and precise word choice (This dual utilization of claims from two separate
sources conveys to Gioia's audience the sense that the skills built through immersion in
the arts are vital to succeeding in the modern workplace which aids in logically leading
his audience to the conclusion that a loss of experience with the arts may foreshadow
troubling results). Overall, this response demonstrates advanced writing ability.
26

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新 SAT官方

SAT Practice Essay #1

You have 50 minutes to read the passage and write an essay

• evidence, such as facts or examples, to support claims.

Adapted from former US President Jimmy Carter, Foreword to Arctic National

SAT Practice Essay #2

You have 50 minutes to read the passage and write an essay

• evidence, such as facts or examples, to support claims.

SAT Practice Essay #3

You have 50 minutes to read the passage and write an essay

• evidence, such as facts or examples, to support claims.

Adapted from Eliana Dockterman, “The Digital Parent Trap.” ©2013 by

Write an essay in which you explain how Eliana Dockterman builds an

SAT Practice Essay #4

You have 50 minutes to read the passage and write an essay

• evidence, such as facts or examples, to support claims.

1 At my family’s cabin on a Minnesota lake, I knew woods so dark that my hands

TEST CENTER .................................

You have 50 minutes to read the passage and write an essay

• evidence, such as facts or examples, to support claims.

Adapted from Peter S. Goodman, “Foreign News at a Crisis Point.” ©2013 by

1 Back in 2003, American Journalism Review produced a census of foreign correspondents

TEST CENTER .................................

You have 50 minutes to read the passage and write an essay

• evidence, such as facts or examples, to support claims.

TEST CENTER .................................

You have 50 minutes to read the passage and write an essay

• evidence, such as facts or examples, to support claims.

10 Reading is not a timeless, universal capability. Advanced literacy is a specific intellectual

TEST CENTER .................................

In terms of stylistic and persuasive elements, Martin's employment of contrast and

Credibility of this article mainly rests on a comprehensive scope of conflicting ideas

This response scored a 4/3 /4.

Reading—4: This response demonstrates thorough comprehension of Bogard's text. The

Analysis—3: The writer demonstrates an understanding of the analytical task by

This response scored a 4 / 4 / 4 .

Reading—4: This response demonstrates thorough comprehension of the source text

Goodman's use of up-to-date references as well as connections to social media, use of

This response scored a 4 / 4 / 4 .

Analysts-4: This response demonstrates a sophisticated understanding of the analytical

Writing-4: This response demonstrates highly effective command of language and

In paragraph 5, Gioia utilizes a synergistic reference to two separate sources of

In paragraph 6, Gioia follows up on the point established in paragraph 5 by introducing

This paper scored a 4 / 3 / 4 .

Reading—4: This response demonstrates thorough comprehension of the source text

Analysis—3: The response demonstrates good understanding of the analytical task by

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