Need of ICT for Sustainable development of Power Sector

Prashant kumar Dr. Lini Mathew Shimi S. L. Dr. Pushpendra Singh

M.Tech. Scholar Assoc. Prof. Assist. Prof. Assoc. Prof.
NITTTR, Chandigarh NITTTR, Chandigarh NITTTR, Chandigarh JKLU, Jaipur
Prashantchahar15@gmail.com pushengg@gmail.com

Abstract:
The existing distribution network configuration is not capable to meet the challenges in
present situation and also in near future. In order to meet the future challenges i.e. increased
electricity demand improve power quality reduced cost of electricity the existing grid should
be equipped advanced metering, modern communication techniques, distributed generation
and energy storage devices.
This paper is about how information and communication technology (ICT) relates to power
sector for sustainable development. With the help of ICT the existing electric grid may allow
to have electricity generation from distributed energy resources at distribution network level
and at consumer ends. As the existing electric grid had been designed to have generation
from remotely located fossil fuel based centralized power plants. The availability of fossil
fuel resources are limited and depleting at faster rate the also pollute environment by
producing green house gases. There is a need of integrated vision to meet the future
electricity demand economically, sustainably and towards empowerment of the consumers
with the active participation of consumers. This paper has been aligned towards the goal of
sustainable development and conservation of nature and natural resources for our future
generations.

Keywords: ICT, Smart Grid, Distribution Networks, Energy storage, Distributed generation

Introduction

Developing the nations around the world with increased population and improving life styles
electricity with reliability and quality of supply is essential. At present scenario, electricity
demand is increasing at faster rate. In order to meet the increased energy demand following
majors may be taken: (i) increase the power generation capacity (ii) reduction in transmission
and distribution network losses (iii) motivate the consumers for using energy efficient
electric appliances (iv) increase the penetration of distributed generators in electric utility (v)
adoption of demand side management with energy storage options.
In present electrical sector, electricity is being generated at remotely located fossil fuel based
power plants, hydro plants, nuclear plants etc. Fossil fuel reserves are being depleting at
faster rate and polluting environment by green house gas emissions also. The electricity
produced from distributed energy resources i.e. solar PV, solar thermal, wind generators,
mini/micro hydro and fuel cell etc. is distributed and intermittent. For accommodating
distributed energy resources electric utility needs of proper information & communication
technologies (ICT) along with the electric network. In order to make the electric utility more
sustainable there is need to integrate ICT with electric power system networks is essential.
The transmission network is smartly designed for bidirectional flow of power and operates in
well intelligent manner, and distribution networks are designed only for unidirectional flow
of power and without utility communication facility with the consumers. In present system
consumers are not able to know the real time information i.e. cost of electricity, power
consumption etc. There is one major drawback of green energy sources, that the power
generation is intermittent in nature. In order to overcome the challenges imposed by green
energy sources, utility may resolve the problems with proper communication between utility
and entity i.e. DGs, distribution network operators, consumers etc. India has many power
generation sources i.e. hydro, nuclear, gas, coal wind and solar etc. yet there is a wide
demand-supply gap. Addition to power generation capacity has been poor, affecting common
people and extracting a huge economic cost by holding back trade and industry. Given the
link between per capita income and power consumption, there is need urgently to push power
infrastructure. The energy demand & supply gap in the next few years will change
considerably with the change in economy of the countries in the world. There is need to
develop a model to provide affordable, clean and reliable power to the consumers, in which
consumers can play active role to meet the energy demand and also decrease the green house
gas emissions.

Present Power system model

An electric power system consists of Generating plants, transmission and distribution
networks, transformers etc. Transmission networks connect Generating stations and
distribution networks, and also connect one area of power system to other areas of power
system. A distribution system transfer power from electric grid to consumers in a particular
area. Electricity is being generated at a voltage of 11 to 33 kV stepped up to the higher
voltages for transmission and on other side voltage stepped down as per the consumer
requirements.
The distribution system fed from the distribution stations, supply power to the residential,
commercial and industrial consumers.

Interconnected power
Step-up Grid sub-stations with step-
Generators system networks and
Transformers down transformer
transmission lines

Small consumers L.V. distribution Distribution

lines networks Large consumers
Fig. Power System Structure

Smart Grid
Smart grid is a concept to upgrade the grid performance with the help of modern
communication technologies, real time computation techniques and intelligent electronic
devices. Smart grid has many implications for different consumers at different times. With
limited reserves of fossil fuel and challenges with nuclear power plants electric utility
realizing to explore the options to generate electrical energy. There is limitation with
distributed energy resources i.e. availability is scattered and energy generation is intermittent.
The existing power system is designed to have scheduled generation from remotely located
centralized power plants and operate in vertically integrated manner, but due to the presence
of distributed energy resources the power system operation will be affected, the supply
parameters may not be in permissible limit. At that time proper communication and advanced
sensors and computational techniques essential for proper power system operation. Smart
grid will control the power system parameters in permissible limits with modern techniques.
 As of now the concept of Smart Grid provides merely the basic structure that envisages new
ideas and modern systems of efficient power generation and distribution. The existing power
system configuration and distribution developed about hundred years before will not be
compatible with the accommodation of distributed generators. This has become necessary as
the electric appliances at consumer end are increasingly becoming sensitive to supply
parameters.

Power system communication model

The proposed model has been developed with the consideration of communication and
information systems foundations for an intelligent, self healing power system operation. With
modern communication technologies, performance of power system can be improved in
terms of reliability and optimization of the assets utilization. It helps to deploy monitoring,
communications, computing and information technology to address unique business and
governing drivers, how to integrate new and existing systems and how to manage and secure
the power system operation. It will also be helpful to improve the performance of power
system in following way:
 Consumers receive “pricing signal”
 Stop charging of Electric vehicles and pump power onto the grid during peak-load period
 Increasing set point of air-conditioning by two degrees or turn down the air conditioner
during peak load periods.
 The light at large retail stores are gradually reduced by 20 percent.
 Refrigerator and freezer compressors are cycled off.
 Backup generation and storage devices at commercial and industrial facilities come on-line.
Main Server

Server at Generating Server at Generating Server at Generating Server at Generating

stations and Grid substation stations and Grid substation stations and Grid
-- - ------ stations and Grid
substation substation
Server at Sub-station
Server at Server at Sub-station
Sub-station Server at Sub-station ---------
------

Server at feeder Server at feeder Server at feeder Server at feeder

Server at Server at Consumer -end (IED) Server at Consumer -end (IED) Server at Consumer -end (IED)
Consumer
-end (IED) ------

Appliances Appliances Appliances------- Appliances

Fig.. Power System Communication Model

Flow-chart of power system operation:

 Repeated interruptions of electricity supply result in reduced efficiency of the industrial
sector in terms of production. The energy generated from renewable energy sources can only
be fully utilized if operated with the utility grid and given the priority to stay connected.
The power generation from distributed energy sources at the consumer end can be fed to the
grid, there will be reduction in energy generation from the fossil fuel based plants. The
operation of the future power system can be proposed by following flow-chart:
Start

Input data Pgi, Qgi, Voltage, frequency, cost of electricity etc. Change the excitation of
generator, initiate the
operation of voltage
controlling devices
Output of the transformer

is voltage is equal to the reference value? No

Yes
is frequency is equal to the reference value?
Increase the input to
No the turbine

Cost of energy Yes

is load on the system is more than generation?
Yes Increase the generation, integrate
is more the Distributed generators,
Integrate storage devices; reduce
the demand from the consumer’s
side
NO
is load on the system is less than generation? Yes
Cost of energy is Integrate the storage devices, and reduce the
less generation from fossil fuel based plants
Integrate PHEVs for charging
No

End

Fig. Power System Operation

Future power system:

The applications of advanced sensors, modern communication techniques and real time
computation techniques and controllers will transform the present grid in to a future grid with the
following abilities:
 Active involvement of the consumers
 Accommodate all type of generations and storage devices
 Improve the power quality
 Manage and utilize the electrical energy efficiently.
The future power system (i.e. with information and communication technologies) will be
reliable, secure, economical, efficient, safer and more environmental friendly as compared with
present power system structure.

Generators Step-up Interconnected power Grid sub-stations with step-

Transformers system networks and down transformer
transmission lines

PHEVs

L.V. distribution Distribution

Small consumers
lines networks Large consumers

Solar PV Mini/mic Energy

system Wind ro hydro storage Distributed
generator plants devices Generators

Fig. Future Power System Structure

Conclusion

This paper proposes the future grid, which allows to have distributed generators in distribution
networks. The existing power system operates in vertically integrated manner with the power
generation from fossil fuel based remotely located centralized power plants. The present grid
configuration modified to operate in horizontally integrated manner. The future grid will be
equipped with modern communications technologies, real time controllers and real time
computation techniques. With these modern techniques the existing electric grid will be modified
towards sustainable development of the electric sector.

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