Section 03300 Cast-In-place Concrete

SECTION 03300
CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.1 DESCRIPTION OF WORK
A. This Section establishes general criteria for materials, mixes and placement of
concrete as required for this and other related sections of these specifications.
B. The work includes providing cast-in-place concrete consisting of portland

cement, fine and coarse aggregates, water, and selected admixtures, combined,
mixed, transported, placed, finished, and cured.
C. The work also includes constructing expansion joints, construction joints, water
stops and corrosion protection for cast-in-place concrete.
D. Unless otherwise noted, all reinforced concrete exterior surfaces below finish
grade shall be protected either per item 1 or per item 2, as described below: See
Figure 1.
RCMYAS Guide Specs 03300-1 Contract No.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
1. Install (Film) Membrane Waterproofing (Tanking) per Section 07110 for all
surfaces of structures which extend “d” meters or more below
finish grade. Additionally, all below grade surfaces of electrical and
telecom manholes, valve chambers, lift stations and electrical substation
basements shall be tanked regardless of where the water table is..
After determining the highest ground water level in the area of

construction either by using a new geotechnical report or existing
reports, provide a value for “d”.
“d” = distance between finish grade and a surface which is one meter
above the highest ground water level.
2. For all other structures not covered in item 1 above, apply (Liquid)
Waterproofing per Section 07100 for all surfaces up to finish grade.
3. In addition to item 1 or item 2 above, apply (Liquid) Dampproofing per

Section 07100 to all vertical surfaces. Dampproofing shall overlap with
either Waterproofing or Membrane Waterproofing by 150 mm and extend
to a height of 300 mm above Finish Grade or to Top of Concrete,
whichever is less.
4. All concrete structures which depend for their stability mainly upon the
friction developed between their bottom surfaces and soil or blinding
concrete (such as thrust blocks) shall not be waterproofed (liquid or
membrane). The concrete encasement for electrical and telecom duct
banks shall also not be waterproofed.
E. Related Work:
1. Section 01420: Quality Assurance / Quality Control
2. Section 02200: Earthwork
3. Section 03100: Concrete Formwork
4. Section 03200: Concrete Reinforcement
5. Section 03210: Epoxy Coated Concrete Reinforcement
6. Section 03220: Polymer Grids (Plastic Mesh) Reinforcement
7. Section 3340: Precast Aerated Lightweight Concrete

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
8. Section 03350: Special Concrete Finishes
9. Section 03400: Precast Concrete
10. Section 03740: Concrete Repairs
11. Section 07100: Waterproofing & Dampproofing
12. Section 07110: Membrane Waterproofing for Concrete Structures
13. Section 07910: Joint Fillers
14. Section 07920: Sealants
REVISE ABOVE AS APPLICABLE TO THE PROJECT
1.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Codes and Standards: Comply with the provisions of the following codes,
specifications and standards, except as otherwise shown or specified.
1. AASHTO – American Association of State Highway and Transportation

Officials:
a. T 277 Rapid Determination of the Chloride Permeability of

Concrete, Standard Method of Test for
b. M 182 Burlap Cloth made from Jute or Kenaf
2. ACI – American Concrete Institute:
a. SP-15 Specifications for Structural Concrete for Buildings

with selected ACI and ASTM References
b. 117 Standard Tolerances for concrete Construction and

Materials
c. 201.2R Guide to Durable Concrete
d. 211.1 Recommended Practice for Selecting Proportion for

Normal and Heavy Weight Concrete
e. 226 Use of Silica Fume in Concrete

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
f. 226.3 Use of Fly Ash in Concrete
g. 301 Specifications for Structural Concrete for Buildings
h. 302.1R Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction
i. 304 Recommended Practice for Measuring, Mixing,

Transporting and Placing Concrete
j. 305 Recommended Practice for Hot Weather Concreting
k. 308 Standard Practice for Curing Concrete
l. 309R Guide for Consolidation of Concrete
m. 311 Recommended Practice for Concrete Inspection
n. 318 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete
o. 347 Recommended Practice for Concrete Form Work
p. SP-2 Manual of Concrete Inspection
3. ASTM – American Society for Testing and Materials
a. C 31 Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test

Specimens in the Field
b. C 33 Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates
c. C 39 Standard Method of Test for Compressive Strength of

Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
d. C 40 Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregates for Concrete,

Test for
e. C 42 Standard Method of Obtaining and Testing Drilled

Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
f. C 88 Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate

or Magnesium Sulfate, Test for
g. C 94 Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
h. C 117 Material Finer than 75mm (No.200) Sieve in Mineral
Aggregates by Washing, Test for
i. C 127 Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate,

Test for
j. C 128 Specific Gravity and Absorption for Fine Aggregate,

Test for
k. C 131 Resistance to Abrasion of Small Size Coarse

Aggregate by Use of Los Angeles Machine, Test for
l. C 142 Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in Aggregate, Test

for
m. C 143 Slump of Portland Cement Concrete
n. C 150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement
o. C 171 Standard Specification for Portland Cement
p. C 172 Standard Method of Sampling Fresh Concrete
q. C 191 Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicot Needle,

Test for
r. C 192 Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the

Laboratory, Method of
s. C 231 Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the

Pressure Method, Test for
t. C 260 Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete, Specification

for
u. C 289 Standard Test Method for Potential Reactivity of

Aggregates (Chemical Method)
v. C 309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming

Compounds for Curing Concrete
w. C 494 Chemical Admixtures for Concrete, Specification for
x. C 595 Blended Hydraulic Cements, Specification for

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
y. C 618 Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for
Use as a Mineral Admixture in Portland Cement
Concrete, Specification for
z. C 1107 Specification for Pre-Packaged Dry, Hydraulic-
Cement Grout (Non-Shrinks)
aa. C 1152 Acid-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete, Test

for
bb. C 1240 Silica Fume for Use in Hydraulic – Cement Concrete

and Mortar
cc. D 1752 Standard Specification for Preformed Sponge Rubber

and Cork Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete Paving
and Structural Construction.
dd. E 154 Materials for use as Vapor Barriers under Concrete

Slabs and as Ground Cover in Crawl Spaces, Testing
4. BSI – British Standards Institution
a. BS 812 Methods for Sampling and Testing of Mineral
b. BS 1377 Methods of Testing Soil for Civil Engineering,

Purposes
5. SASO 142 – Physical and Mechanical Testing Methods of Portland

Cement
6. SASO 143 – Portland Cement Ordinary and Rapid Hardening
7. SASO 226 – Methods for Sampling of Concrete Aggregates
8. U.S. Corps of Engineers:
a. CRD C513 Rubber Water Stops
b. CRD C572 Polyvinyl Chloride Water Stops
c. CRD C621 Specification for Non-Shrink Grout
9. CIRIA – Construction Industry Research and Information Association:
a. SP 31 Guide to Concrete Construction in Gulf Region

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
DELETE CODES & STANDARDS NOT APPLICABLE TO THE PROJECT.
10. Where provisions of the above codes, specifications, and standards are in
conflict with RC Structural Code, the most stringent provisions shall
govern.
B. Concrete Testing: Materials and installed work may require testing and retesting,
as directed by the Royal Commission, at any time during the progress of the
work. Allow free access to material stockpiles and facilities at all times.
C. Tests for Concrete Materials:
1. For normal weight concrete, test aggregates by the methods of sampling

and testing of ASTM C 33.
2. For portland cement, sample the cement and determine its properties by
the methods of test of ASTM C 150.
3. Submit written reports to the Royal Commission, for each material

sampled and tested, prior to the start of work. Provide the project
identification name and number, date of report, name of Contractor, name
of concrete testing service, source of concrete aggregates, material
manufacturer and brand name for manufactured materials, values
specified in the referenced specification for each material, and test results.
4. Certificates of material properties and compliance with specified

requirements may be submitted in lieu of testing, when acceptable to the
Royal Commission. Certificates of compliance must be signed by the
materials producer and the Contractor.
1.3 SUBMITTALS
A. Product Data: For information only, submit manufacturer's specifications with

application and installation instructions for proprietary materials and items,
including admixtures, bonding agents, water stops, joint systems, chemical floor
hardeners, and dry shake finish materials.
B. Samples:
1. Samples of acceptable exposed concrete finishes are retained by the

Royal Commission. Prior to start of work, review samples and submit 300
mm by 300 mm fabricated finish samples typical of the work to be done for
review by the Royal Commission.
Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
2. Submit packaged samples of component materials including cement,
aggregates, and sand and other materials requested by the Royal
Commission. Include manufacturer's names and addresses, sources, and
description of materials.
C. Mock-Ups:
1. Fabricate mock-up sections representative of specified finished surfaces,

in locations on the site as directed by Royal Commission. Form, reinforce,
mix, cast, cure, and finish sample units using selected materials and
construction methods proposed for work. Provide mock-up sections as
follows:
a. Wall section of “L”-shaped panels, approximately 1.5m high by

1.0m wide by 150mm thick, unless otherwise shown. Form faces to
represent as-cast surface finish. Include not less than two form
ties, two form panel intersections, and one vertical construction
joint.
b. Column section, approximately 1.5m high and not less than 300mm
diameter for round sections and not less than 300mm in least
dimension for rectangular sections, unless otherwise shown.
Chamfer exposed edges of rectangular sample columns as
required.
c. Slab-on-grade section, approximately 1.5m2 for each applied finish,

unless otherwise shown, with at least one construction joint and
one contraction joint.
d. Pan-formed section using at least two pan form units. Sets units to
illustrate method of blending exposed pan joints.
DELETE BELOW IF NONE.
2. Coordinate special finishing, such as abrasive blasting, scoring, or bush

hammering. Conduct mechanical finishing in the presence of the architect
and conform to the control samples provided by the Royal Commission.
ALTER BELOW IF MOCK-UP SECTIONS TO REMAIN.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
3. Do not remove mock-up sections without written permission from the
Royal Commission. When directed, demolish mock-up sections, and
remove from the site.
D. Laboratory Test Reports:
1. Submit copies of laboratory test reports for concrete materials and mix
design tests or other certificates for concrete.
E. Material Certificates:
1. Material certificates shall be signed by the material manufacturer and the

Contractor certifying that each material item meets or exceeds the
specified requirements. These certificates must be made available to
Royal Commission prior to material arrival at the site.
F. Placement Schedule: Prepare a placement schedule and submit to Royal

Commission for review prior to start of concrete placement operations.
G. Delivery Tickets: Furnish copies of delivery tickets for each load of concrete
delivered to the site. Provide items of information as specified.
H. Provide batch tickets for each batch of job-site mixed concrete, as specified.
1.4 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
A. Store cement in weather tight enclosures and protect from dampness,

contamination, and hardening set.
B. Stock pile each type aggregate to prevent excessive segregation, contamination

with other materials, and mixture with other size aggregates. Use only one
supply source for each aggregate stockpile.
C. Store admixtures to prevent contamination, evaporation, or damage. Protect

admixtures from excessive temperatures above 29°C (85°F). Agitate emulsions
prior to use.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
PART 2 – PRODUCTS
DELETE MATERIAL TYPES NOT REQUIRED. REVISE ITEMS TO SUIT THE

PROJECT.
2.1 CONCRETE MATERIALS
A. Portland Cement: Portland cement shall be Type I or Type V conforming to

ASTM C 150, SASO 142 and 143 and the additional requirements specified in
Table 2.1A:
TABLE 2.1A
ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Limit For Limit For

PROPERTY Type V Cement Type I Cement
Alkalis (Na2O + 0.658K2O) (see Note 2 below) 0.6% Maximum 0.6% Maximum
Tricalcium Aluminate (3CaO.Al2O3) 5.0% Maximum 8% to 14%
Tricalcium Silicate (3CaO.SiO2) 40% to 60% 40% to 60%
Tetracalcium Aluminoferrite (4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3) 15% Maximum 15% Maximum
Fineness (Air Permeability) in m2/Kg 400 Maximum 400 Maximum
Compressive Strength (MPa) at 3 Days 12 Minimum 12 Minimum

7 Days 20 Minimum 20 Minimum
28 Days 30 Minimum 30 Minimum
Time of Setting (Vicat Needle, ASTM C 191)

Initial Set (minutes) 120 Minimum 120 Minimum
Final Set (hours) 6 Maximum 6 Maximum
1. Unless otherwise shown on contract drawings or in other Sections, Type I

cement with pozzolan (mineral admixture) shall be used for all concrete
below grade and up to one meter above grade; all other concrete shall be
Type I plain. Type V cement shall be used for lean or blinding concrete
only.
2. The additional requirement of low alkali cement in Table 2.1A may be

relaxed to 0.9% maximum if the laboratory tests indicate that the coarse
and fine aggregates are innocuous to alkali reactivity when tested in
accordance with ASTM C 289.
RETAIN BELOW FOR NATURAL EXPOSED CONCRETE. SELECT GREY

OR BUFF CEMENT.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
3. Provide gray or buff cement when shown or scheduled for exposed
surfaces.
4. Use only one brand of cement for each required type throughout the
project, unless otherwise acceptable to the Royal Commission.
B. Cement may be accepted on the basis of a manufacturer’s mill certificate that the
cement furnished meets the physical and chemical requirements of ASTM C 150.
The Royal Commission reserves the right, to sample and conduct such tests on
cement as it deems necessary for compliance with the specifications.
C. Aggregates:
1. Fine Aggregate: Clean, sharp, natural sand free from loam, clay lumps, or
other deleterious substances and with rounded or sub-rounded particles.
Fine aggregate shall be selected to comply with the requirements of
ASTM C 33 and test requirements therein and with requirements specified
in Table 2.1B below (Natural sand may need to be washed with potable
water to achieve these requirements):
TABLE 2.1B
FINE AGGREGATE REQUIREMENTS
Test Description Standard Limit
Clay Lumps and Friable Particles ASTM C 142 1.0% Maximum
Material Finer than 75 Microns ASTM C 117 2.0% Maximum
Organic Impurities ASTM C 40 Lighter than Standard
Water Absorption ASTM C 128 1.0% Maximum
Acid Soluble Chlorides as Cl BS 812 0.03% Maximum
Sulfates as S04 BS 1377 0.40% Maximum
2. Coarse Aggregate: Clean, uncoated, processed aggregate containing no

clay, mud, loam or foreign matter, as follows:
DELETE TYPE(S) OF COARSE AGGREGATE NOT APPLICABLE TO

PROJECT. ADD ANY SPECIAL AGGREGATES OR MORE STRINGENT
REQUIREMENTS.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
a. Crushed stone, processed from natural rock or stone.
b. Washed gravel, either natural or crushed.
c. Maximum aggregate size: No larger than one-fifth of the narrowest

dimension between sides of forms, one-third of the depth of slabs,
nor three-fourths of the minimum clear spacing between individual
reinforcing bars or bundles of bars.
d. Aggregate delivered to the stockpile prior to being washed at quarry

shall be washed with potable water and left to dry before charging
into the bins. Coarse aggregate shall be selected, re-crushed,
finish screened and rinsed as necessary. Coarse aggregate shall
comply with the requirements of ASTM C 33 and test requirements
listed therein and with requirements specified in Table 2.1C below:
TABLE 2.1C
COARSE AGGREGATE REQUIREMENTS
Test Description Standard Limit
Los Angles Abrasion Loss (Gradation A or B) ASTM C 131 40% Maximum

Ratio of Los Angles Abrasion Loss at 100 and 500
revolutions (100/500 revolutions value) ASTM C 131 0.25 Maximum
Clay Lumps and Friable Particles ASTM C 142 1.0% Maximum
Material Finer than 75 Microns ASTM C 117 1.0% Maximum
Water Absorption ASTM C 127 2.5% Maximum
Acid Soluble Chlorides as Cl– BS 812 0.02% Maximum
Sulfate as SO4 BS 1377 0.4% Maximum
Magnesium Sulfate Soundness Loss (5% cycles) ASTM C 88 5.0% Maximum
Flakiness Index BS 812 30 Maximum
Elongation Index BS 812 45 Maximum
D. Combined Aggregate Gradation: Coarse and fine aggregates shall be combined

to require the least amount of sand (passing 4.75mm) and mixing water. The
gradation limits for mix designs and tolerances for the control of approved mix
design gradations are given in Table 2.1D below:

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
TABLE 2.1D
GRADATION LIMITS
Limits For Design Only (% Passing)

ASTM E11 Sieve (mm)
Gradation “A” Gradation “B”
50 100 --
25 40 – 80 100
16 30 – 55 55 – 90
9.5 25 – 50 40 – 65
4.75 20 – 40 30 – 50
0.60 15 – 33 10 – 25
0.30 6 – 17 5 – 15
0.15 0–6 0–8
75 Microns 0–1 0–2
E. Water: Potable water shall be used in the production, transportation, placement

of concrete, mixing concrete, production of ice used in concrete operations,
washing aggregates, cooling aggregates, curing concrete, and cleaning forms.
Water shall be free from impurities, oil, acid, salts, alkali, organic matter and
other potentially deleterious substances when examined in accordance with
ASTM C 94 and AASHTO T-26.
F. Admixtures: Provide admixtures produced by established reputable

manufacturers and use in compliance with the manufacturer’s printed
instructions. Do not use admixtures which have not been incorporated and
tested in the accepted mixes, unless otherwise authorized in writing by the Royal
Commission.
SELECT ADMIXTURES FROM BELOW, DELETE OTHERS, OR REVISE

TO SUIT PROJECT. WATER-REDUCING AND RETARDING (TYPES A,
B, & D) SHOULD BE NECESSARY. DELETE THOSE NOT REQUIRED.
G. Pozzolan (Mineral) Admixtures:
1. Silica fume shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C 1240.
2. Fly ash shall conform to ASTM C 618 requirements for Class F fly ash.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
3. Samples of proposed admixture and manufacturer’s technical data shall
be submitted for testing and/or approval prior to use. Admixture used in
production of concrete shall be the same as the samples submitted.
H. Chemical Admixtures and Additives:
1. All chemical admixtures shall be free of chlorides and shall conform to

ASTM C 494. Plasticizers may be used for all concrete to require the
least amount of mixing water. Retarding and accelerating admixtures
shall not be used without the appropriate justification and recommendation
of the Contractor and acceptance by the Royal Commission.
a. Water-Reducing Admixtures: ASTM C 494, Type A.
b. Set-Control Admixtures: ASTM C 494, as follows:
(1) Type B, Retarding
(2) Type D, Water Reducing and Retarding
I. Calcium Chloride: Calcium chloride or admixtures containing chloride salts shall

not be permitted.
2.2 CONCRETE DURABILITY
To ensure durability of produced concrete, the following tests shall be carried out.
A. Salt Limits: The total acid soluble chloride ion in hardened concrete as
determined by ASTM C 1152 at 28 days shall not exceed 0.13% by weight of the
cement. The total soluble sulfate salt expressed as S04, as determined by BS
1377, shall not exceed 4.0% by weight of the cement.
B. The testing of hardened concrete for chloride impermeability shall be as follows:
Test Description Standard Maximum Charge Passed
Rapid Chloride AASHTO T277 1000 coulombs for silica fume

Permeability at 28 days concrete, 2000 coulombs for
fly ash concrete, and 4000
coulombs for plain concrete.
C. Ice Content: The amount of ice batched shall be sufficient to provide concrete
meeting maximum temperature requirement of 25°C at the point of discharge.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
2.3 GROUT MATERIALS
A. Non Metallic Shrinkage-Resistant Grout: Premixed, non-metallic, non-corrosive,

non-staining product containing selected silica sands, portland cement Type I
with Silica Fume shrinkage compensating agents, plasticizing and water reducing
agents.
Non-shrink grout shall be non-metallic/non-shrink cementicious grout meeting the

requirements of CRD-621 specification, or ASTM C 1107.
B. Non shrink cementitious grout shall be used for static loading and non-shrink
epoxy grout shall be used for machinery or vibrating equipment.
2.4 JOINT MATERIALS
A. Waterstops: Flat, dumbbell type or centerblub type waterstops at construction

joints and other joints as shown on the contract drawings; web thickness not less
than 5 mm for units up to 120 mm wide, and not less than 10 mm for widths 120
mm and over.
SELECT ONE OF THE FOLLOWING, DELETE THE OTHERS.
1. Provide rubber waterstops complying with Corps of Engineers CRD-C

513.
2. Provide polyvinyl chloride waterstops complying with Corps of Engineers

CRD-C 572.
3. Provide either rubber or PVC waterstops, at Contractor's option, with

rubber units complying with Corps of Engineers CRD-C513 and PVC units
complying with Corps of Engineers CRD-C572.
B. Preformed Expansion Joint Fillers: See Section 07910.
C. Joint Sealing Compound: See Section 07920.
RETAIN BELOW FOR UNDERSLAB MOISTURE PROTECTION. EDIT AS

REQUIRED.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
2.5 MOISTURE BARRIER
A. Provide moisture barrier cover over prepared base material. Use membrane
sheet moisture barrier consisting of multiple layers of asphalt-saturated felt, glass
fiber reinforcement, and inner plastic core materials, total 3mm thick and
weighing not less than 3 Kgs/m2. Use only materials which are resistant to decay
when tested in accordance with ASTM E 154.
B. Provide 200 micron thick polyethylene sheets under all concrete foundations and
slabs on grade, if directly placed on soil. If placed on blinding concrete, provide
Waterproofing or Membrane Waterproofing as described in this specification
and/or shown on the contract drawings.
2.6 BONDING AGENT
RETAIN BELOW IF BONDING AGENT REQUIRED. SELECT TYPE.
A. Chemical Bonding Agent: Film-forming, freeze-thaw resistant compound suitable

for brush or spray application.
2.7 FLOOR FINISH MATERIALS
BELOW IS FOR APPLICATION TO DRY CONCRETE SURFACES.
A. Chemical Floor Hardener: Colorless aqueous solution containing a blend of

magnesium fluorosilicate and zinc fluorosilicate combined with a wetting agent,
containing not less than 240 grams of fluorosilicates per liter.
1. Apply to exposed concrete slabs not indicated or scheduled to receive

subsequent finishes.
FINISHES SPECIFIED ARE INTEGRAL, APPLIED TO WET CONCRETE

SURFACES.
B. Aggregate for Non-Slip Finish:
SELECT TYPE OF AGGREGATE TO SUIT PROJECT. ALUMINUM

OXIDE AND EMERY ABRASIVE GRITS ARE BLACKISH-GRAY AND
NON-SPARKLING.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
1. Provide fused aluminum oxide grits, or crushed emery, as abrasive
aggregate for non-slip finish, with emery aggregate containing not less
than 40% aluminum oxide and not less than 25% ferric oxide. Use
material that is factory-graded, packaged, rustproof and non-glazing, and
is unaffected by freezing, moisture and cleaning materials.
DELETE BELOW IF NOT REQUIRED. IF BOTH ABOVE AND BELOW

ARE RETAINED, DRAWINGS OR SPECS MUST INDICATE LOCATIONS
FOR USE. SILICON CARBIDE ABRASIVE GRITS ARE BLACK AND
SPARKLING.
2. Provide silicon carbide grits as abrasive aggregate for non-slip finish. Use
material that is factory-graded, packaged, rustproof, and unaffected by
freezing, moisture, and cleaning materials.
DELETE BELOW IF NONE. COLORS AVAILABLE ARE NATURAL

BRIGHT RED, DARK RED, TERRA COTA, GREEN, AND GRAY.
INDICATE LOCATIONS AND COLORS ON DRAWINGS.
C. Colored Wear-Resistant Finish:
1. Provide packaged, dry combination of materials formulated for producing

colored and wear-resistant monolithic surface treatments, consisting of
portland cement, graded quartz aggregate, coloring pigments, and
dispersing agents. Use coloring pigments that are finely ground, non-
fading mineral oxides, interground with the cement. Color, as selected by
the Royal Commission, unless otherwise shown.
RECOMMEND FOR HEAVY DUTY RUBBER-TIRED TRAFFIC AT

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS, INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR, SUBJECT TO
ABRASION.
2. Mineral Aggregate Heavy-Duty Wear-Resistant Finish: Aggregate

formulated with portland cement for heavy-duty wear-resistant monolithic
finish, as follows:
a. Traprock: Packaged, factory-graded, crushed natural fine-to-

medium grained igneous rock, such as diabase, basalt, or black
granite; well-graded in size from particles retained on a 5 mm sieve
to particles passing a 9.5mm sieve.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
b. Emery: Packaged, factory-graded, crushed natural emery ore
containing not less than 35% aluminum oxide and not less than
25% ferric oxide; well-graded in size from particles retained on a
0.32mm sieve to particles passing a 3mm sieve.
c. Quartz: Packaged, factory-graded crushed natural quartz with a

fineness modulus of 3.80 to 4.15; 98% passing a 5mm sieve to
97% retained on a 0.35mm sieve.
RETAIN BELOW IF ANY OF ABOVE AGGREGATES ACCEPTABLE,

OTHERWISE DELETE.
3. Provide any of the above for dry shake application for heavy-duty wear-
resistant finish at Contractor’s option.
FOR HEAVY-DUTY STEEL WHEEL TRAFFIC SUBJECT TO

IMPACT AND ABRASION.
4. Metallic Aggregate Heavy-Duty Wear-Resistant Finish: Packaged,

ground, and graded, cubicle iron particles with dispersing agents
formulated to blend with portland cement for wear-resistant monolithic
surface treatment. Use iron aggregate free of non-ferrous metals, oil,
grease, rust, and other impurities.
2.8 CONCRETE CURING MATERIALS
A. Impervious Sheeting: ASTM C 171
B. Burlap cloth made from jute or kenaf, weighing approximately 290 grams/m2 and
complying with AASHTO M182, Class 3.
C. Membrane Curing Compound: ASTM C 309, Type 2.
D. Water: Potable water as specified in para 2.1.E of this specification.
2.9 PROPORTIONING AND DESIGN OF MIXES
A. Design and Properties of Concrete:
1. Composition:

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
a. Use concrete composed of portland cement, pozzolan, water, fine
and coarse aggregate and where required and permitted, water-
reducing and retarding admixtures.
b. Concrete mix design shall be developed to insure that the

properties/characteristics of the specifications are satisfied.
2. Class: Appendix 1 allows use of six classes of structural concrete.
a. Classes of concrete are denoted by the Royal Commission

designations which consist of the letter “Y” followed by a numerical
indicating the 28-day compressive strength in megapascals (MPa)
as determined by ASTM C 39, and as shown in Appendix 1.
b. Each class of concrete may consist of one or more mixes

determined by the maximum size of aggregate, slump and type of
admixtures of special aggregates used.
c. Each mix within a class shall be considered a specific type

requiring approval of the design mix.
3. Strength:
a. All structural concrete embodied in the structures shall have a

minimum ultimate compressive strength of 30 MPa at 28 days
unless a higher strength is indicated on the contract drawings.
Lean or blinding concrete shall be 17 MPa at 28 days.
b. All concrete used for electrical and telecom ductbanks (except at

road crossings) shall be lean concrete, 17 MPa strength at 28 days.
4. Water Content: Use the minimum net water content necessary to properly
place the concrete mixture. The net water content in the mix shall include
both the water added to the mix and the surface water in the aggregates,
but does not include the moisture absorbed by the aggregates. Water
content in concrete to be placed in water may be sufficient to produce a
concrete having a slump greater than prescribed in paragraph 2.9H
providing it does not exceed 160 mm.
5. Cement Content: Increase in cement content to provide specific concrete

properties may be required by the Royal Commission, based upon site
conditions and properties of concrete required in the work, but in no case
shall the cement content for structural concrete be less than 330 Kg/m3.
Minimum cement content for lean or blinding concrete shall be 300 kg/m3.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
6. Concrete Deposited in Water: For concrete deposited in or under water,
increase the cement content of the concrete to meet the requirements.
7. Water-Cement Ratio: Maximum Free Water/Cement ratio shall not

exceed 0.4 (by weight) for structural concrete and shall not exceed 0.5 (by
weight) for lean or blinding concrete.
8. Admixtures: No admixtures other than, pozzolan admixtures, water-

reducing and retarding admixtures may be used, except as otherwise
authorized or provided by the Royal Commission.
WATER-REDUCING FOR INCREASED WORKABILITY, RETARDING SET

1 TO 3½ HRS FOR HOT WEATHER, REDUCED WATER CONTENT 5 TO
10% IN CONCRETE. ASTM C 494, TYPE “D”. RETAIN BELOW FOR
BOTH TYPES.
WATER-REDUCING FOR INCREASED WORKABILITY, REDUCED

WATER CONTENT 5 TO 10% IN CONCRETE. ASTM C 494, TYPE “A”.
DELETE REFERENCE BELOW TO RETARDING.
RETARDING ADMIXTURE FOR RETARDING SET 1 TO 3½ HRS USED IN

HOT WEATHER. ASTM C 494, TYPE “B”. DELETE REFERENCE
BELOW TO WATER-REDUCING.
a. Water-reducing and Retarding Admixture: Admixture shall be

introduced into concrete mix in liquid form, unless otherwise
recommended by manufacturer. Do not add directly to dry concrete
materials. Submit certified statement from manufacturer specifying
the chemical properties and effects the admixture will have on
performance and physical properties of concrete.
b. Retarding Densifier: Use a retarding densifier admixture in

concrete placed under water (seal concrete). Use non-hygroscopic
powder or liquid, free from calcium chloride, foaming, or air-
entraining agents. Submit certified statement from manufacturer
specifying the chemical properties and effects the admixture will
have on performance and physical properties of concrete.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
COLOR CONSISTENCY IS DIFFICULT TO MAINTAIN, BEST
RESULTS WITH TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACE.
c. Coloring Admixtures: Add coloring admixtures in concrete mix

required to match the Royal Commission’s sample panels in
amounts not to exceed 5% by weight of cement. Introduce
admixtures to the mix as recommended by the manufacturer.
Admixtures shall be color fast in sunlight, chemically stable in
concrete mix, and have no adverse effects on concrete materials,
setting, and strength.
d. Use amounts of admixtures as recommended by the manufacturer

for climatic conditions prevailing at the time of placement. Adjust
quantities and types of admixtures as required to maintain quality
control.
9. Inspection: Any admixture and the cement proposed for use shall be
selected well in advance of concrete placing and the Contractor shall
provide facilities satisfactory to the Royal Commission for the ready
procurement of adequate test samples.
ADD ANY OTHER “PRESCRIPTIVE” REQUIREMENTS SUCH AS

MINIMUM CEMENT, MAXIMUM WATER, ETC. COORDINATE
WITH ABOVE AND ALTER TO SUIT THE PROJECT.
B. Provide the current mix design with the following data to the Royal Commission.
1. Complete identification of aggregate source of supply.

2. Tests of aggregates for compliance with specified requirements.
3. Scale weight of each aggregate.
4. Absorption and moisture content in each aggregate.
5. Brand, type, and composition of cement.
6. Brand, type, certificate, and amount of each admixture.
7. Amounts of water used in trial mixes.
8. Proportions of each material per cubic meter.
9. Gross weight and yield per cubic meter of trial mixtures.
10. Measured slump.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
11. Measured air content.
12. Compressive strength developed at 7 days and 28 days, from not less
than 4 test cylinders cast for each 7 and 28 day test and for each design
mix.
C. Submit written reports complete with 7 and 28 day strength tests to the Royal
Commission of each proposed mix for each type of concrete at least 15 days
prior to start of work. Do not begin concrete production until mixes have been
reviewed by the Royal Commission.
THIS METHOD MUST BE USED FOR BRIDGES OR OTHER

STRUCTURES.
D. Laboratory Trial Batches: Laboratory trial batches in accordance with ACI 211.1
shall be used to select concrete proporations, prepare test specimens in
accordance with ASTM C 192 and conduct strength tests in accordance with
ASTM C 39, as specified in ACI 318.
DELETE FOR BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION.
E. Field Experience Method: When field experience methods are used to select
concrete proportions, establish proportions as specified in ACI 318.
1. After sufficient experience and test data become available from the job
use ACI 214 methods of evaluation in accordance with ASTM C 94.
DELETE BELOW IF NOT REQUIRED. RESTRICTED TO STANDARD

WEIGHT CONCRETE ALLOWING ONLY AIR ENTRAINING
ADMIXTURES. DOES NOT PERMIT MIX DESIGN FLEXIBILITY.
F. Water-cement Ratio Methods: If suitable data from field experience or laboratory

trial batches cannot be obtained, concrete proporations may be established
by use of the water-cement ratio limits Table, and the limiting restrictions, of
ACI 301.
G. Adjustment to Concrete Mixes: Mix design adjustments shall be requested by

the Contractor when characteristics of materials, job conditions, weather, test
results, or other circumstances warrant; at no additional cost to and as accepted
by the Royal Commission. Laboratory test data for revised mix designs and

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
strength results must be submitted to and accepted by the Royal Commission
before using in the work.
FOLLOWING NOT REQUIRED FOR BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION.
H. Slump Limits:
RETAIN OR REVISE BELOW TO SUIT THE PROJECT.
1. The slump of delivered concrete, as measured in accordance with ASTM

C 143, at the time of discharge from the truck shall not exceed the working
limit shown below:
2.
Working Margin Rejection

Design Limit for Error Limit
Without Superplasticizer:
75 mm 100 mm 40 mm 140 mm
With Superplasticizer:
75 mm 125 mm 40 mm 165 mm
The main margin for error can only be used for a maximum of one
truckload out of ten consecutive truckloads of concrete. Immediately,
when concrete slump exceeds the working limit, the concrete supplier
shall be requested to make proper adjustment.
J. Unit Weight: Unit weight of fresh concrete shall not be less than 2400 kg/m3 as
determined by ASTM C 138.
K. Air Content: Air content of fresh concrete shall not exceed 2% as determined by
ASTM C 173.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
PART 3 – EXECUTION
3.1 CONCRETE MIXING
A. General:
1. Concrete may be mixed at batch plants or it may be transit-mixed as

specified herein. Batch plants must comply with the requirements of ACI
304, with sufficient capacity to produce concrete of the quantities specified
in quantities required to meet the construction schedule. All plant facilities
are subject to testing laboratory inspection and acceptance of the Royal
Commission.
DELETE BELOW IF JOB SITE MIXING PROHIBITED.
B. Job Site Mixing: When job site mixing of concrete is permitted, mix all materials
for concrete in an acceptable drum type batch machine mixer. For mixers of one
cubic meter, or smaller capacity, continue mixing at least 1½ minutes, but not
more than 5 minutes after all ingredients are in the mixer, before any part of the
batch is released. For mixers of capacity larger than one cubic meter, increase
the minimum 1½ minutes of mixing time by 15 seconds for each additional cubic
meter, or fraction thereof. Do not exceed the catalog rating or nameplate
capacity for the total volume of materials used per batch. Equip the mixer with
automatic controls, or semi-automatic controls if acceptable, for proportioning
materials and the proper measured quantities. Do not exceed 30 minutes total
elapsed time between intermingling of damp aggregates and cement to the
discharge of the completed mix.
1. Provide a batch ticket for each batch discharged and used in the work,
indicating the project identification name, number, date, mix type, mix
time, quantity, and amount of water introduced.
C. Ready-mix Concrete:
1. Comply with the requirements of ASTM C 94, and as herein specified,

provided the quantity and rate of delivery and permit unrestricted progress
of the work in accordance with the placement schedule. During hot
weather or under conditions contributing to rapid setting of concrete, a
shorter mixing time than specified in ASTM C 94 may be required, as
specified below. Proposed changes in mixing procedures, other than
herein specified, must be accepted by the Royal Commission before
implementation.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
THE FOLLOWING MODIFICATIONS TO ASTM C 94 PROVIDE MORE
STRINGENT REQUIREMENTS TO READY-MIXED CONCRETE. DELETE
IF NOT DESIRED.
D. Modifications to ASTM C94 are as follows:
1. Quality of Concrete: Provide concrete materials, proportions, and

properties as herein specified, in lieu of ASTM C 94 Section 5.
2. Tolerance in Slump: Provide slump of not more than the values as herein
specified, in lieu of ASTM C 94 Section 6.1. Comply with other criteria of
ASTM C 94 Section 6.
3. Mixing and Delivery: Delete the references for allowing additional water to
be added to the batch for material with insufficient slump. Addition of
water to the batch will not be permitted as specified in ASTM C 94 Section
10.7. In addition to the requirements of ASTM C 94 Section 10.7, when
the air temperature is between 29° and 35°C, reduce the mixing and
delivery time to 60 minutes. When a truck mixer is used for the complete
mixing of the concrete, begin the mixing operation within 30 minutes after
the cement has been intermingled with the aggregates.
4. Certification: Furnish duplicate delivery tickets with each load of concrete

delivered to the site; one for the Royal Commission and one for the
Contractor. In addition to the requirements of ASTM C 94 Section 15
provide the following information on delivery tickets:
a. Type and brand of cement.

b. Cement content per cubic meter of concrete.
c. Maximum size of aggregate.
d. Amount and brand name of each admixture.
e. Total water content expressed as water/cement ratio.
f. Mix design code.
5. Strength: Delete ASTM C 94 Section 16; comply with concrete testing

requirements as herein specified.
E. Maintain equipment in proper operating condition, with drums cleaned before

charging each batch. Schedule rates of delivery in order to prevent delay of
placing the concrete after mixing, or holding dry-mixed materials too long in the
mixer before the addition of water and admixtures.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
3.2 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
BELOW IS FOR CONTRACTOR CONTROLLED SITE TESTING SERVICES.
A. The Contractor shall employ an approved independent testing laboratory to

perform field quality control testing.
B. During the placing of concrete, the Quality Control Supervisor shall provide for
continuous inspection of delivered concrete and other concrete construction
activities in accordance with ACI SP-2 Manual of Inspection and CIRIA SP-31
Guide to Concrete Construction.
C. Quality Control Testing During Construction:
1. Perform sampling and testing for field quality control during the placement
of concrete, as follows.
2. Sampling Fresh Concrete: ASTM C 172, except modified for slump to

comply with ASTM C 94.
3. Slump: ASTM C 143; one test for each concrete load at point of
discharge.
4. Compression Test Specimens: ASTM C 31; two sets of 4 standard

cylinders for each compressive strength test, unless otherwise directed.
a. Cast and store one set of cylinders for laboratory cured test
specimens and one set of field- cured test specimens as specified
in ASTM C 31.
5. Concrete Temperature: Test daily when air temperature is 26.7 degrees

centigrade and above, and each time a set of compression test specimens
is made. Test concrete temperature throughout the pour when the
ambient temperature exceeds 30°C.
6. Compressive Strength Tests: ASTM C 39; one set for each 100 m3 or
fraction thereof, of each mix design placed in any one day or for each
400m2 of surface area placed; 2 specimens tested at 7 days, 3 specimens
tested at 28 days, and one specimen retained in reserve for later testing if
required.
a. When the frequency of testing will provide less than 5 strength tests
for a given mix design, conduct testing from at least 5 randomly
selected batches or from each batch if fewer than 5 are used.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
b. When the strength of field-cured cylinders is less than 85% of
companion laboratory-cured cylinders, evaluate current operations
and provide corrective procedures for protecting and curing the in-
place concrete.
7. Testing laboratory shall report test results in writing to the Royal

Commission and Contractor on the same day that tests are made.
Reports of compressive strength tests shall contain the project
identification name and number, date of concrete placement, name of
Contractor, name of concrete supplier and truck number, name of
concrete testing service, concrete type and class, location of concrete
batch in the structure, design compressive strength at 28 days, concrete
mix proportions and materials; compressive breaking strength and type of
break for both 7 day tests and 28 day tests.
8. Appendix 2 lists the description and frequency of the tests that the
Contractor is required to perform on this project.
D. Additional Tests:
1. The testing service will make additional tests of in-place concrete when
test results indicate the specified concrete strengths and other
characteristics have not been attained in the structure, as directed by the
Royal Commission. The testing service shall conduct tests to determine
the strength and other characteristics of the in-place concrete by
compression to tests on cored cylinders complying with ASTM C 42, or by
load testing specified in ACI 318, or other acceptable non-destructive
testing methods, as directed.
E. Evaluation of Quality Control Tests:
1. Do not use concrete delivered to the final point of placement which has
slump, temperature or total air content outside the specified values.
2. Compressive strength tests for laboratory-cured cylinders will be

considered satisfactory if the averages of all sets of three consecutive
compressive strength tests results equal or exceed the 28 day design
compressive strength of the type or class of concrete; and, no individual
strength tests falls below the required compressive strength by more than
3 MPa.
a. Strength tests of specimens cured under field conditions may be

required by the Royal Commission to check the adequacy of curing
and protecting of the concrete placed. Specimens shall be molded

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
by the field quality control laboratory at the same time and from the
same samples as the laboratory cured specimens.
(1) Provide approved means and procedures for protecting

concrete when the 28 day compressive strength of field-
cured cylinders is less than 85% of companion laboratory-
cured cylinders.
(2) When laboratory-cured cylinder strengths are appreciably

higher than the minimum required compressive strength,
field-cured cylinder strengths need not exceed the minimum
required compressive strength by more than 3 MPa even
though the 85% criterion is not met.
(3) If individual tests of laboratory-cured specimens produce

strengths more than 3 MPa below the required minimum
compressive strength, or if tests of field-cured cylinders
indicate deficiencies in protection and curing, provide
additional measures to assure that the load-bearing capacity
of the structure is not jeopardized. If the likelihood of low-
strength concrete is confirmed and computations indicate the
load-bearing capacity may have been significantly reduced,
tests of cores drilled from the area in question may be
required.
b. If the compressive strength tests fail to meet the minimum

requirements specified, the concrete represented by such tests will
be considered deficient in strength and subject to additional testing
at the Contractor's expense.
3.3 PRE-PLACEMENT INSPECTION
The Contractor Quality Control shall assure the following by providing a signed
item checklist to the Royal Commission.
1. Before placing concrete, inspect and complete the formwork installation,

reinforcing steel, and securely install all required inserts, anchors sleeves,
conduits and other items specified under other sections or as shown on
the contract drawings to be embedded or cast concrete.
2. Where concrete is placed on the ground or as a sub-course, the substrate

upon which concrete is placed shall be clean, damp, and free from
standing or running water. Prior to placing concrete, the earth foundation
shall have been satisfactorily compacted to comply with Section 02200
and all subgrades approved by the Royal Commission.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
3. Soil under cast concrete foundations shall be subject to testing for soil
bearing value by the testing laboratory, as directed by Royal Commission.
Place concrete immediately after approval of foundation excavations and
compaction.
4. Thoroughly wet wood forms immediately before placing concrete where

form coatings are not used.
5. Coordinate the installation of joint materials and moisture barriers with

placement of forms and reinforcing steel.
3.4 CONCRETE PLACEMENT
A. General: Place concrete in compliance with the practices and recommendations

of ACI 304, and as herein specified.
1. Deposit concrete continuously or in layers of such thickness that no

concrete shall be placed on concrete which has hardened sufficiently to
cause the formation of seams or planes of weakness within the section. If
a section cannot be placed continuously, provide construction joints as
herein specified. Perform concrete placing at such a rate that concrete
which is being integrated with fresh concrete is still plastic. Deposit
concrete as nearly as practicable to its final location to avoid segregation
due to rehandling or flowing. Do not subject concrete to any procedure
which will cause segregation.
2. The unconfined free fall distance of concrete shall not exceed one meter.
3. Screed concrete which is to receive other construction to the proper level

to avoid excessive skimming or grouting.
4. Do not use concrete which becomes non-plastic and unworkable, or does

not meet the required quality control limits, or which has been
contaminated by foreign materials. Do not use retempered concrete.
Remove rejected concrete from the project site and dispose of it in an
acceptable location.
DELETE BELOW IF NOT REQUIRED.
B. Placement Schedule: Place concrete in conformance with the placement

schedule to ensure an even distribution of loads throughout the entire structure.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
C. Concrete Conveying:
1. Handle concrete from the point of delivery and transfer to the concrete
conveying equipment and to the locations of final deposit as rapidly as
practicable by methods which will prevent segregation and loss of
concrete mix materials.
2. Provide mechanical equipment for conveying concrete to ensure a

continuous flow of concrete at the delivery end. Provide runways for
wheeled concrete conveying equipment from the concrete delivery point to
the locations of final deposit. Keep interior surfaces of conveying
equipment, including chutes, free of hardened concrete, debris, water, and
other deleterious materials.
D. Placing Concrete into Forms:
1. Concrete mix shall not be deposited into forms from chutes, hoppers and
buckets at a free fall height greater than one meter above horizontal
formwork and one meter above bottom at vertical formwork.
2. Deposit concrete in forms in horizontal layers not deeper than 300 mm

unless additional thickness is permitted by the Royal Commission and in a
manner to avoid inclined construction joints. Where placement consists of
several layers, place each layer while preceding layer is still plastic to
avoid cold joints.
3. Remove temporary spreaders in forms when concrete placing has

reached the elevation of such spreaders.
4. Consolidate concrete placed in forms by mechanical vibrating equipment

supplemented by hand-spading, rodding, or tamping. Use equipment and
procedures for consolidation of concrete in accordance with the
recommended practices of ACI 309 to suit the type of concrete and project
conditions. Vibration of forms and reinforcing will not be permitted.
5. Do not use vibrators to transport concrete inside of forms. Insert and

withdraw vibrators vertically and uniformly spaced locations not farther
than the visible effectiveness of the machine. Place vibrators to rapidly
penetrate the layer of concrete and at least 150 mm into the preceding
layer. Do not insert vibrators into lower layers of concrete that have begun
to set. At each insertion, limit the duration of vibration to the time
necessary to consolidate the concrete and complete embedment of
reinforcement and other embeded items without causing segregation of
the mix.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
6. In order to allow for shrinkage or settlement, at least 2 hours shall elapse
after placing concrete in walls or columns or stems of deep T-beams
before depositing concrete in girders, beams or slabs supported thereon,
unless otherwise specified or shown. If the columns are structural steel
encased in concrete, the lapse of time to allow for shrinkage or settlement
need not be observed.
7. Concrete in beams, slabs, and shallow T-beam construction shall be

placed in one continuous operation.
8. Concrete in columns shall be placed in one continuous operation and

allowed to set at least two hours before the caps are placed.
9. No concrete shall be placed in the superstructure until the column forms

have been stripped sufficiently to determine the character of the concrete
in the columns, and the load of the superstructure shall not be allowed to
come upon abutments, piers, and column bents until they have been in
place at least 7 days, unless otherwise permitted by the Royal
Commission.
E. Placing Concrete into Trenches for Ductbanks:
1. The fall of the concrete from the chute shall be kept to a minimum height
to the top tier of ducts to minimize floating effects.
2. Placing of the concrete should start at one end, where the ducts are
terminated in a manhole or where the riser is securely restrained at the
equipment pad.
3. The concrete shall be placed around the ducts as soon as possible after
they have been placed to protect them from mechanical damage.
4. Continuous spading is necessary to ensure flat flow of concrete between

and under the individual ducts. A long flat tool or spatula worked carefully
up and down between each vertical line of ducts will help to eliminate
voids. Power driven tampers or vibrators shall not be used.
5. The pouring is continued to a height of 75 mm above the top layer of

ducts.
6. If a trench jack and wedges were used to secure the ducts, the wedges
shall be removed before the concrete sets and the voids left by them filled
with concrete and spaded.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
7. After the concrete has taken its initial set, red oxide shall be sprinkled on
the concrete surface.
F. Placing Concrete Slabs:
1. Deposit and consolidate concrete slabs in a continuous operation, within

the limits of construction joints, until the placing of a panel or section is
completed.
2. Maintain reinforcing steel in the proper position continuously during

concrete placement operations.
3. Consolidate concrete during placing operations using mechanical vibrating

equipment, so that concrete is thoroughly worked around reinforcement
and other embeded items and into corners.
4. Bring slab surfaces to the correct level with a straight edge and strike off.
Use bull floats or derbies to smooth the surface, leaving it free of humps or
hollows. Do not sprinkle water on the plastic surface. Do not disturb the
slab surfaces prior to beginning finishing operations.
G. Bonding:
1. Roughen surfaces of set concrete at all joints, except where bonding is

obtained by use of a concrete bonding agent, and clean surfaces of
laitance, coatings, loose particles, and foreign matter. Roughen surfaces
in a manner to expose bonded aggregate uniformly and to not leave
laitance, loose particles of aggregate or damaged concrete at the surface.
2. Prepare for bonding of fresh concrete to new concrete that has set but is
not fully cured, as follows:
a. At joints between footings and walls or columns, and between walls

or columns and beams or slabs they support, and elsewhere unless
otherwise specified herein, dampen, but do not saturate, the
roughened and cleaned surface of set concrete immediately before
placing fresh concrete.
b. At Joints in Exposed Work: At vertical joints in walls; at joints in

girders, beams, supported slabs and other structural members;
dampen, but do not saturate the roughened and cleaned surface of
set concrete and apply a liberal coating of neat cement grout.
c. Use neat cement grout consisting of equal parts portland cement

and fine aggregate by weight and not more than 24 liters of water

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
per sack of cement. Apply with a stiff broom or brush to a minimum
thickness of 2 mm. Deposit fresh concrete before cement grout
has attained its initial set.
d. In lieu of neat cement grout, bonding grout may be a commercial

bonding agent. Apply to cleaned concrete surfaces in accordance
with the printed instruction of the bonding material manufacturer.
3. Prepare for bonding of fresh concrete to fully-cured hardened concrete or

existing concrete by using an epoxy-resin bonding agent as follows:
a. Handle and store epoxy-resin adhesive binder in compliance with

the manufacturer's printed instructions, including safety
precautions.
b. Mix the epoxy-resin adhesive binder in the proportions

recommended by the manufacturer, carefully following directions
for safety of personnel.
c. Before depositing fresh concrete, thoroughly roughen and clean

hardened concrete surfaces and coat with epoxy-resin grout not
less than 2 mm thick. Place fresh concrete while the epoxy-resin
material is still tacky, without removing the in-place grout coat, and
as directed by the epoxy-resin manufacturer.
H. Hot Weather Placing:
1. When hot weather conditions exist that would seriously impair the quality
and strength of concrete, a procedure shall be submitted for proposed
methods for compliance with hot weather concreting including delivery,
placement, curing and protection guidelines of ACI 305R.
2. Cool ingredients before mixing to maintain concrete temperature at time of

placement below 25°C. Mixing water may be chilled, or chopped ice may
be used to control the concrete temperature provided the water equivalent
of the ice is calculated in the total amount of mixing water. Readings shall
be made immediately before concrete is placed.
3. Cover reinforcing steel with water-soaked burlap if it becomes excessively

hot so that the steel temperature will not exceed the ambient air
temperature immediately before embedment in concrete.
4. Wet forms thoroughly before placing concrete.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
DELETE BELOW IF NOT APPLICABLE.
I. Underwater Placing:
1. Concrete placement in water will only be permitted if conditions render it

impossible or inadvisable to dewater excavations before placing concrete,
and only when acceptable to the Royal Commission.
2. Revise the concrete mix design to suit underwater placement

requirements, and submit to Royal Commission for acceptance before
commencing underwater placement operations. Deposit concrete by the
tremie method, or other suitable means, in continuous placement to
prevent formation of layers or the intrusion of water.
USE FOR BRIDGE STRUCTURES REQUIRING UNDERWATER

PLACEMENT.
3. Unless otherwise determined by field conditions discovered during initial

phases of the work and agreed upon by the Royal Commission, deposit
seal concrete by means of a tremie, and not by the use of bottom damp
buckets.
3.5 JOINTS
A. Submit drawings showing locations of all joints.
B. Construction Joints:
1. Locate and install construction joints, so as not to impair strength and

appearance of the structure, as acceptable to the Royal Commission.
Locate construction joints, if required but not shown, as follows:
REVISE OR ADD TO BELOW TO SUIT PROJECT.
a. In walls, at not more than 18 m in any horizontal direction; at top of

footings; at top of slabs on ground; at top and bottom of door and
window openings or as required to conform to architectural details
as directed by the Royal Commission and at the underside of the
deepest beam or girder framing into wall.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
b. In columns or piers, at the top of footing; at the top of slabs on
ground; and at the underside of the deepest beam or girder framing
into the column or pier.
REVISE SQUARE METER LIMITATION BELOW, IF REQUIRED.
c. In slabs on grade, placing shall follow the Guidelines in ACI 302.1R

and shall be in compliance with the following requirements:
(1) Concrete shall be placed in alternate checkerboard pattern

not exceeding 8 m x 8 m each. Time laps between adjacent
placement shall not be less than 24 hours.
(2) Expansion and Contraction Joints: Unless otherwise shown

on the contract drawings, the joints shall be spaced as
follows:
(a) At intervals equal to slab width for slabs up to 4 m

wide.
(b) Slabs wider than 4 m should have longitudinal joint

down the center and corresponding cross joints.
(3) Sealing: Concrete joints shall be sealed with joint sealant

except where floor covering is required.
2. Provide keyways at least 38 mm deep in all construction joints in walls,

slabs, and between walls and footings.
a. Place construction joints perpendicular to the main reinforcement.

Continue all reinforcement across construction joints.
INCORPORATE THE FOLLOWING FOR ALL BRIDGE PIERS.
B. Construction Joint (Bridges):
1. General: Provide joints only at the locations indicated and according to

the details shown on the contract drawings. Immediately and carefully
protect the top surface of a completed lift from any condition that will
damage or adversely affect the hardening of the concrete.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
USE THE FOLLOWING FOR LARGE HORIZONTAL JOINT AREAS OF
BRIDGE PIERS. DISCRETIONARY FOR USE OF SMALL JOINT AREAS
OR WHERE THE SCOPE OF WORK MAY LIMIT NECESSITY TO IMPOSE
REQUIREMENTS.
2. Cleaning: Prepare horizontal construction joints on lifts for receiving the

next lift by cleaning with either wet sandblasting or by air-water cutting. If
the surface of a lift is congested with reinforcing steel, is relatively
inaccessible, or, if for any other reason it is considered undesirable to
disturb the surface of a lift before it has hardened, surface cutting by
means of air-water jets will not be permitted and the use of wet
sandblasting will be required.
a. Air-Water Cutting: Perform air-water cutting of a construction joint

at the proper time. Cut the surface with a high-pressure air-water
jet to remove all laitance and to expose clean, sound aggregate,
but not so as to undercut the edges of the larger particles of
aggregate. Use air pressure in the jet of 689 KPa plus or minus 68
KPa and a water pressure sufficient to bring the water into effective
influences of the air pressure. After cutting, continue to wash and
rinse as long as there is any trace of cloudiness of the wash water.
Wash the surface again with an air-water jet prior to placing the
succeeding lift. When necessary to remove accumulated laitance,
coatings, stains, debris, and other foreign material, wet sandblast
immediately before placing the next lift to supplement air-water
cutting.
b. Wet Sandblasting: When employed in the preparation of

construction joints, provide only approved equipment and perform
wet sandblasting immediately before placing the following lift.
Continuing the operation until all unsatisfactory concrete, and all
laitance, coating, stains, debris, and other foreign materials are
removed. Wash the surface of the concrete thoroughly to remove
all loose material.
c. Waste Disposal: Use methods of disposing waste water employed

in cutting, washing and rinsing of concrete surfaces so that the
waste water does not stain, discolor or affect exposed surfaces of
the structures. Methods of disposal are subject to approval by the
Royal Commission.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
DELETE BELOW, IF NONE
C. Waterstops:
1. Provide waterstops in construction joints as shown on the contract

drawings. Submit drawings showing locations. Install waterstops to form a
continuous diaphragm in each joint. Make provisions to support and
protect waterstops during the progress of the work. Fabricate field joints
in waterstops in accordance with manufacturer's printed instructions.
Protect waterstop material from damage where it protrudes from any
joints.
DELETE BELOW IF NONE, OR REVISE TO SUIT OFFICE STANDARDS.
D. Isolation Joints in Slabs on Ground:
1. Provide isolation joints in slabs on ground at all points of contact between

slabs on ground and vertical surfaces, such as column pedestals,
foundation walls, grade beams, and elsewhere as indicated on contract
drawings. Joint filler and sealant materials are specified in Sections 07900
and 07920.
E. Control Joints in Slabs on Ground:
1. Provide control joints in slabs on ground to form panels or patterns as

shown on contract drawings. Unless otherwise shown on contract
drawings, use inserts 6 mm wide x 1/5 to 1/4 of the slab depth.
2. Form control joints by inserting a premolded hardboard or fiberboard strip

into the fresh concrete until the top surface of the strip is flush with the
slab surface. After the concrete has cured for at least 7 days, remove
inserts and clean groove of loose debris. Joint sealant material is
specified in Section 07920.
3.6 FINISHES OF FORMED SURFACES
REVISE BELOW, OR ADD TYPES OF FORMED CONCRETE FINISHES

TO SUIT PROJECT. COORDINATE WITH FINISH SCHEDULES.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
A. Rough Form Finish:
1. As-cast rough form finish is permitted for deformed concrete surfaces that
are to be concealed in the finish work or by other construction, unless
otherwise indicated.
2. Standard rough form finish shall be the concrete surface having the
texture imparted by the form facing material used, with tie holes and
defective areas repaired and patched and all fins and other projections
exceeding 6 mm in height rubbed down or chipped off.
B. Smooth Form Finish:
1. Provide as-cast smooth form finish for formed concrete surfaces that are
to be exposed-to-view, or that are to be covered with a coating material
applied directly to the concrete, or a covering material bonded to the
concrete such as waterproofing, dampproofing, painting, or other similar
system.
2. Produce smooth form finish by selecting form material to impart a smooth,

hard, uniform texture and arranged in an orderly and symmetric way with a
minimum of seams. Repair and patch defective areas with all fins or other
projections completely removed and smoothed.
BELOW REQUIRES EARLY (2-3 DAYS) FORM REMOVAL. RETAIN “B”

ABOVE AS INITIAL FORMING.
C. Smooth Rubbed Finish:
1. Provide smooth rubbed finish to scheduled concrete surfaces, which have

received smooth form finish treatment, not later than the day after form
removal.
2. Moisten concrete surfaces and rub with carborundum brink or other

abrasive until a uniform color and texture is produced. Do not apply
cement grout other than that created by the rubbing process.
RETAIN “B” ABOVE IF “D” BELOW IS USED.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
D. Grout Cleaned Finish:
1. Provide grout cleaned finish to scheduled concrete surfaces which have

received smooth form finish treatment.
2. Combine one part portland cement to 1½ parts fine sand by volume, and
mix with water to the consistency of thick paint. Blend standard portland
cement and white portland cement, amounts determined by trial patches,
so that the final color of dry grout will closely match adjacent concrete
surfaces.
3. Thoroughly wet the concrete surface and apply grout uniformly by

brushing or spraying immediately to the wetted surfaces. Scrub surface
with cork float or stone to coat surface and fill surface holes. Remove
excess grout by scraping, followed by rubbing with clean burlap to remove
any visible grout film. Keep grout damp during the setting period by
means of fog spray at least 36 hours after final rubbing. Complete any
area in the same day it is started, with the limits of any area being natural
breaks in the finished surface.
E. Related Unformed Surfaces:
1. At tops of walls, horizontal offsets, and similar unformed surfaces

occurring adjacent to formed surfaces, strike off smooth and finish with a
texture matching the adjacent formed surfaces. Continue the final surface
treatment of formed surfaces uniformly across the adjacent unformed
surfaces, unless otherwise shown.
F. Bridge Structures:
1. General: Immediately repair all defective concrete, voids left by the

removal of form tie rods, ridges and local bulging on all concrete surfaces
permanently exposed to view or exposed to water on the finished
structure, after the removal of forms unless otherwise authorized. Ream
voids left by the removal of form tie-rods and completely fill with dry-
patching mortar. Repair defective concrete by cutting out the
unsatisfactory material and placing new concrete secured with keys,
dovetails or anchors. Rub only to remove ridges due to cracks of joints in
the forms. Except as otherwise provided, wood float finish all unformed
surfaces of concrete, when exposed in the completed work, without
additional mortar and make true to elevation as shown on the plans. Bring
other surfaces to specified elevation and leave true and regular.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
2. Unformed Surfaces: Wood float finish all unformed surfaces except as
indicated on the contract drawings or hereinafter set forth. Start floating
as soon as the screeded surface has stiffened sufficiently to permit
floating and to produce a surface that is free from screed marks and is
uniform in texture. Floating may be performed by use of hand or power
driven equipment. Where a steel-trowel finish is indicated or specified,
perform as soon as the floated surface has hardened sufficiently to
prevent an excess of fine material from being drawn to the surface.
Perform steel troweling with firm pressure to produce a dense, uniform
surface, free from blemishes and trowel marks. Slope surfaces for
drainage where shown on the contract drawings or as directed.
3. Floor Finishes (Generator and Control Houses): Strike off and vibrate the
surface of concrete, work to force coarse aggregate away from surface,
screed to a true even surface, float and steel trowel to a hard dense,
smooth surface free from tool marks, granular areas or other
imperfections. Do not dust with any material to absorb surface water.
Tool exposed edges, if any, a 6 mm radius.
3.7 BEARING AREAS (BRIDGE SEATS) AND TOPS OF PIERS
A. Steel trowel the final finished surfaces outside bearing areas after wood floating
to plan elevation. Where bridge shoes and bearing plates or slabs are to be
placed directly upon finished concrete bearing areas, the concrete shall be
placed 3 mm higher than the finish elevation shown on the plans. The bearing
pads shall be 75 mm larger than the bridge seat to be installed. After the
concrete has taken final set, grind the bearing areas to a uniform level surface at
the finish elevation. The bearing surface shall not vary more than 2 mm (+ 0.5
mm from a true plane).
3.8 MONOLITHIC SLAB FINISHES
SELECT TYPE OF SLAB FINISHING REQUIRED; DELETE OTHERS.
A. Scratch Finish:
1. Apply scratch finish to monolithic slab surfaces that are to receive

concrete floor topping or mortar setting beds for tile, portland cement
terrazzo, and other bonded applied cementitious finish flooring material,
and as otherwise shown on contract drawings.
2. After placing slabs, plane the surface to a tolerance not exceeding 6 mm

in 600 mm when tested with a 1200 mm straightedge. Slope surfaces

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
uniforming to drains where required. After leveling, roughen the surface
before the final set with stiff brushes, brooms, or rakes.
B. Float Finish:
1. Apply float finish to monolithic slab surfaces that are to receive trowel
finish and other finishes as hereinafter specified, and slab surfaces which
are to be covered with membrane or elastic roofing, or sand bed terrazzo,
and as otherwise shown on contract drawings or in schedules.
2. After placing concrete slabs, do not work the surface further until ready for
floating. Begin floating when the surface water has disappeared or when
the concrete has stiffened sufficiently to permit the operation of a power-
driven float, or both. Consolidate the surface with power-driven floats or
by hand-floating if area is small or inaccessible to power units. Check and
level the surface plane to a tolerance not exceeding 6 mm in 3 m when
tested with a 3 m straightedge placed on the surface at not less than 2
different angles. Cut down high spots and fill all low spots. Uniformly
slope surfaces to drains. Immediately after leveling, refloat the surface to
a uniform, smooth, granular texture.
C. Trowel Finish:
1. Apply trowel finish to monolithic slab surfaces that are to be exposed to

view, unless otherwise shown, and slab surfaces that are to be covered
with resilient flooring, paint, or other thin-film finish coating system.
2. After floating, begin the first trowel finish operation using a power-driven
trowel. Begin final troweling when the surface produces a ringing sound
as the trowel is removed over the surface.
3. Consolidate the concrete surface by the final hand troweling operation,

free of trowel marks, uniform in texture and appearance, and with a
surface plane tolerance not exceeding 3 mm in 3 m when tested with 3 m
straightedge. Grind smooth surface defects which would telegraph
through applied floor covering system.
DELETE BELOW IF NONE. USED GENERALLY ON EXTERIOR

CONCRETE STEPS AND PLATFORMS, RAMPS AND OTHER
SURFACES TO SUBJECT TO LIGHT FOOT TRAFFIC.
D. Non-Slip Broom Finish:

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
1. Apply non-slip broom finish to exterior concrete platforms, steps, and
ramps, and elsewhere as shown on the contract drawings or in schedules.
2. Immediately after trowel finishing, slightly roughen the concrete surface by

brooming in the direction perpendicular to the main traffic route. Use fiber-
bristle broom unless otherwise directed. Coordinate the required final
finish with the Royal Commission before application.
DELETE BELOW WHEN NOT APPLICABLE. CHEMICAL HARDENER

FINISH IS SUITABLE FOR INTERIOR CONCRETE FLOORS THAT ARE
SUBJECT TO LIGHT FOOT TRAFFIC ONLY, AND ARE NOT TO RECEIVE
AN APPLIED FINISH. LOCATIONS OF USE MUST BE SHOWN OR
SCHEDULED.
E. Chemical-Hardener Finish:
1. Apply chemical-hardener finish to dry interior concrete floors where shown

on the contract drawings or in schedules. Apply liquid chemical-hardener
after complete curing and drying of the concrete surface. Dilute the liquid
hardener with water, and apply in 3 coats; first coat, 1/3 strength; second
coat, 1/2 strength; third coat, 2/3 strength. Evenly apply each coat, and
allow 24 hours for drying between coats.
2. Apply proprietary chemical hardeners in accordance with the

manufacturer's printed directions.
3. After the final coat of chemical-hardener solution is applied and dried,

remove surplus hardener by scrubbing and mopping with water.
DELETE BELOW IF NONE. USE GENERALLY ON INTERIOR AND

EXTERIOR FOR CONCRETE TREADS, PLATFORMS, RAMPS, ETC.,
SUBJECT TO MODERATE FOOT TRAFFIC.
F. Non-Slip Aggregate Finish:
1. Apply non-slip aggregate finish to concrete stair treads, platforms, ramps,

and elsewhere as shown on the contract drawings or in schedules.
2. After completion of float finishing, and before starting trowel finish,

uniformly spread 10 kilograms of dampened non-slip aggregate per 10
square meters of surface. Tamp aggregate flush with the surface using a
steel trowel, but do not force the non-slip aggregate particles below the

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
surface. After broadcasting and tamping, apply trowel finishing as herein
specified.
3. After curing, lightly work the surface with a steel wire brush, or an abrasive
stone, and water to expose the non-slip aggregate.
DELETE BELOW IF NONE. USE GENERALLY ON INTERIOR AND

EXTERIOR SLABS REQUIRING INTEGRAL COLOR AND SUBJECT TO
MEDIUM-HEAVY FOOT TRAFFIC.
G. Colored Wear-Resistant Finish:
1. Provide colored wear-resistant finish to monolith slabs surfaces where

shown on the contract drawings or in schedules.
2. Apply dry shake materials for colored wear-resistant finish at the rate of
not less than 30 kilograms per 10 square meters, unless greater amount is
recommended by the material manufacturer.
3. Immediately following the first floating operation, uniformly distribute

approximately 2/3 of the required weight of dry shake material over the
concrete surface, and embed by means of power floating.
4. After completion of broadcasting and floating, apply a trowel finish as

herein specified.
DELETE BELOW IF NONE. DRAWING MUST SHOW LOCATIONS OF

MINERAL AND/OR METALLIC AGGREGATE APPLICATIONS FOR
HEAVY-DUTY FINISHES.
H. Heavy Duty Wear-Resistant Finish:
1. Provide heavy-duty wear-resistant finish to monolithic slab surfaces where

shown on the contract drawings or in schedules. Premix aggregates with
portland cement and required dispersing agents, and deliver to the site in
moisture-resistant, sealed bags.
THE FOLLOWING IS FOR MODERATE SERVICE FLOOR USE. DELETE

IF HEAVY SERVICE REQUIRED.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
a. Apply premixed material at the manufacturer's recommended rate
to provide not less than 4 kilograms of material per square meter of
floor surfaces.
THE FOLLOWING IS FOR HEAVY SERVICE FLOOR USE. DELETE

IF MODERATE SERVICE REQUIRED.
b. Apply premixed material at the manufacturer's recommended rate

to provide not less than 7 kilograms of material per square meter of
floor surfaces.
2. Immediately following the first floating operation, uniformly distribute over

the concrete surface approximately 1/2 of the specified weight of the
blended dry shake materials and embed with power floating. After the first
dry shake application has been embedded, uniformly distribute the
remaining portion of blended dry shake material at right angles to the first
application and embed by power floating. Comply with manufacturer's
application instruction.
3. After completion of broadcasting and floating, apply a trowel finish as

herein specified.
THE BELOW FINISH FOR SLABS IS “SPECIAL” AND THE TYPE AND
GRADATION OF AGGREGATES MUST BE SPECIFIED UNDER THE
“FLOOR FINISH MATERIALS” ARTICLE.
I. Exposed Aggregate Slab Finish:
1. Apply exposed aggregate finish to slabs, stairs, and other areas as shown
on the contract drawings or in schedules.
2. Immediately following the first floating operation, apply special aggregate

by broadcasting over the floor area and tamping to embed the aggregate.
Apply the aggregate at the required rate to match the Royal Commission's
sample.
3. After the concrete has taken its initial set, expose the surface aggregates
using a water fog-spray and fiber-bristle brooms to remove the surface
matrix. Expose the coarse aggregate approximately 3 mm or more to
match the Royal Commission's sample, but not so deep as to displace the
bond of the aggregate to the matrix.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
DELETE BELOW IF USE OF RETARDER ACCEPTABLE.
a. The use of surface retarders will not be permitted, unless otherwise

accepted in writing by the Royal Commission.
4. After the concrete has taken its final set, apply a weak acid wash to clean
the exposed aggregate surfaces. Thoroughly neutralize and flush the acid
wash from the finish surfaces. Protect all other adjacent construction and
finishes from damage due to the acid wash; repair to replace damaged or
defaced work as directed by Royal Commission.
3.9 CONCRETE CURING AND PROTECTION
A. General:
1. Protect freshly placed concrete from premature drying and excessive cold
or hot temperature, and maintain without drying at a relatively constant
temperature for the period of time necessary for hydration of the cement
and proper hardening of the concrete.
2. Start initial curing as soon as free moisture has disappeared from the
concrete surface after placing and finishing. Keep continuously moist for
not less than 72 hours.
3. Begin final curing procedures immediately following initial curing and

before the concrete has dried. Continue final curing for at least 7 days and
in accordance with ACI 301 procedures. Avoid rapid drying at the end of
the final curing period.
B. Curing Methods:
RETAIN ALL AS CONTRACTOR OPTIONS UNLESS NOT SUITABLE TO

PROJECT.
1. Perform curing of concrete by moist curing as herein specified.
a. For curing, use only water that is free of impurities which could etch
or discolor exposed, natural concrete surfaces.
2. Provide moisture curing by any of the following methods:
a. Keeping the surface of the concrete continuously wet by covering

with water.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
b. Continuous water-fog spray.
c. Covering the concrete surface with the specified absorptive cover,

thoroughly saturating the cover with water, and keeping the
absorptive cover continuously wet. Place absorptive cover so as to
provide coverage of the concrete surfaces and edges, with a
100 mm lap over adjacent absorptive covers.
3. Alternative methods of curing shall be approved by the Royal Commission

before use, and shall be based on the Contractor’s report and
recommendation.
C. Curing Formed Surfaces:
1. Cure formed concrete surfaces; including the undersides of girders,

beams, supported slabs and other similar surfaces by moist curing with
the forms in place for the full curing period or until forms are removed. If
forms are removed, continue curing by method specified above.
D. Curing Unformed Surfaces:
1. Initially cure unformed surfaces, such as slabs, floor topping, and other flat
surfaces by moist curing.
2. Final cure unformed surfaces, unless otherwise specified, by the method

specified above.
3. Final cure concrete surfaces to receive liquid floor hardener or finish

flooring by use of moisture-retaining cover, unless otherwise acceptable to
the Royal Commission.
E. Temperature of Concrete during Curing:
1. When the atmospheric temperature is 26°C and above, or during other

climatic conditions which will cause too rapid drying of the concrete, make
arrangements before the start of concrete placing for the installation of
wind breaks or shading, and for fog spraying, wet sprinkling, or moisture-
retaining covering. Protect the concrete continuously for the concrete
curing period. Provide hot weather protections complying with the
requirements of ACI 305.
2. Maintain concrete temperature as uniformly as possible, and protect from

rapid atmospheric temperature changes. Avoid temperature changes in
concrete which exceed 2°C in any one hour and 10°C in any 24-hour
period.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
F. Protection from Mechanical Injury:
1. During the curing period, protect concrete from damaging mechanical

disturbances including load stresses, heavy shock, excessive vibration,
and from damage caused by rain or flowing water. Protect all finished
concrete surfaces from damage by subsequent construction operations.
ADD, REVISE, OR DELETE BELOW TO SUIT THE PROJECT. INCLUDE

HEREIN ALL MISCELLANEOUS STRUCTURES, ITEMS, AND WORK OF
A SPECIFIC NATURE.
3.10 MISCELLANEOUS CONCRETE ITEMS
COORDINATE BELOW WITH DIVISION 5 SPECS.
A. Steel Pan Stairs:
1. Provide concrete fill for steel pan stair treads and landings and associated
items. Cast-in safety inserts and accessories as shown on contract
drawings. Screed, tamp, and finish concrete surfaces as scheduled.
COORDINATE BELOW WITH DIVISION 4 SPECS.
B. Reinforced Masonry:
1. Provide concrete grout for reinforced masonry lintels and bond beams
where indicated on contract drawings and as scheduled. Maintain
accurate location of reinforcing steel during concrete placement.
C. Filling-In:
1. Fill-in holes and openings left in concrete structures for the passage of
work by other trades, unless otherwise shown or directed, after the work of
other trades is in place. Mix, place and cure concrete as herein specified,
to blend with in-place construction. Provide all other miscellaneous
concrete filling shown or required to complete the work.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
D. Curbs:
1. Provide monolithic finish to interior curbs by stripping forms while concrete

is still green and steel-troweling surfaces to a hard, dense finish with
corners, intersections, and terminations slightly rounded.
E. Equipment Bases and Foundations:
1. Provide machine and equipment bases and foundations, as shown on the

contract drawings. Set anchor bolts for machines and equipment to
template at correct elevations, complying with certified diagrams or
templates of the manufacturer furnishing the machines and equipment.
THE FOLLOWING PROVIDE BASIC CRITERIA FOR THE REPAIR OF

CONCRETE SURFACES. REVIEW, AND REVISE OR DELETE TO SUIT
THE PROJECT.
3.11 CONCRETE SURFACE REPAIRS
A. Patching Defective Areas:
1. Repair and patch defective areas with cement mortar immediately after
removal of forms, but only when directed by the Royal Commission.
2. Cut out honeycomb, rock pockets, voids over 12 mm diameter, and holes
left by tie rods and bolts, down to solid concrete but, in no case, to a depth
of less than 25 mm. Make edges of cuts perpendicular to the concrete
surface. Before placing the cement mortar, thoroughly clean, dampen
with water and brush-coat the area to be patched with neat cement grout.
a. For exposed surfaces, blend white portland cement and standard

portland cement so that, when dry, the patching mortar will match
the color of the surrounding concrete. Provide test areas at
inconspicuous location to verify mixture and color match before
proceeding with the patching. Compact mortar in place and strike
off slightly higher than the surrounding surface.
3. Fill holes extending through concrete by means of a plunger-type gun or

other suitable device from the least exposed face, using a flush stop held
at the exposed face to ensure complete filling.
B. Repair of Formed Surfaces:

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
1. Repair exposed formed concrete surfaces, where possible, that contain
defects which adversely affect the appearance of the finish. Remove and
replace the concrete having defective surfaces if the defects cannot be
repaired to the satisfaction of the Royal Commission. Surface defects, as
such, include color and texture irregularities, cracks, spalls, air bubbles,
honeycomb, rock pockets, and holes left by the rods and bolts; fins and
other projections on the surface; and stains and other discolorations that
cannot be removed by cleaning.
2. Repair concealed formed concrete surfaces, where possible, that contain

defects that adversely affect the durability of the concrete. If defects
cannot be repaired, remove and replace the concrete having defective
surfaces. Surface defects, as such, include cracks in excess of 0.25 mm
wide, cracks of any width and other surface deficiencies which penetrate
to the reinforcement or completely through non-reinforced sections,
honeycomb, rock pockets, holes left by tie rods and bolts, and spalls.
C. Repair of Unformed Surfaces:
1. Test unformed surfaces, such as monolithic slabs, for smoothness and to

verify surface plane to the tolerances specified for each surface and finish.
Correct low and high areas as herein specified.
2. Test unformed surfaces sloped to drain for trueness of slope, in addition to

smoothness, using a template having the required slope. Correct high
and low areas as herein specified.
3. Repair finish unformed surfaces that contain defects which adversely

affect the durability of the concrete. Surface defects, such as, include
crazing, cracks in excess of 0.25 mm wide or which penetrate to the
reinforcement or completely through non-reinforcement sections
regardless of width, spalling, popouts, honeycomb, rock pockets, and
other objectionable conditions.
4. Correct high areas in unformed surfaces by grinding, after the concrete

has cured sufficiently so that repair can be made without damage to
adjacent areas.
5. Correct low areas in unformed surfaces during, or immediately after

completion of surface finishing operations by cutting out the low areas and
replacing with fresh concrete. Finish repaired areas to blend into adjacent
concrete.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
6. Repair defective areas, except random cracks and single holes not
exceeding 25 mm diameter, by cutting out and replacing with fresh
concrete. Remove defective areas to sound concrete with clean, square
cuts, and expose reinforcing steel with at least 20 mm clearance all
around. Dampen all concrete surfaces in contact with patching concrete
and brush with a neat cement grout coating, or use concrete bonding
agent. Place patching concrete before grout takes its initial set. Mix
patching concrete of the same materials to provide concrete of the same
type or class as the original adjacent concrete. Place, compact and finish
as required to blend with adjacent finished concrete. Cure in the same
manner as adjacent concrete.
7. Repair isolated random cracks and single holes not over 25 mm in

diameter by the dry-pack method. Groove the top of cracks, and cut out
holes to sound concrete and clean of dust, dirt and loose particles.
Dampen all cleaned concrete surfaces and brush with a neat grout
coating. Place dry-pack before the cement grout takes its initial set. Mix
dry-pack, consisting of one part portland cement to 2 1/2 parts fine
aggregate passing 1.25 mm mesh sieve, using only enough water as
required for handling and placing. Compact dry-pack mixture in place and
finish to match adjacent concrete. Keep patched areas continuously moist
for not less than 72 hours.
8. Repair methods not specified above may be used, subject to the

acceptance of the Royal Commission.
9. For additional repair requirements, see Section 03740.
3.12 DEFICIENCIES
A. Formed Concrete Dimensional Tolerances:
1. Formed concrete having any dimension smaller or greater than required,

and outside the specified tolerance limits, will be considered deficient in
strength and subject to additional testing as specified.
2. Formed concrete having any dimension greater than required will be

rejected if the appearance or function of the structure is adversely
affected, or if the larger dimensions interfere with other construction.
Repair, or remove and replace rejected concrete as required to meet the
construction conditions. When permitted, accomplish the removal of
excessive material in a manner to maintain the strength of the section
without affecting function and appearance.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
B. Strength of Concrete Structures:
1. The strength of the concrete structure in-place will be considered

potentially deficient if it fails to comply with any of the requirements which
control the strength of structures, including the following conditions:
a. Failure to meet compressive strength tests requirements.
b. Concrete which differs from the required dimensions or location in

such a manner to reduce strength.
c. Concrete subjected to damaging mechanical disturbances;

particularly load stresses, heavy shock, and excessive vibration.
d. Poor workmanship and quality control likely to result in deficient

strength.
C. Defective Work:
1. Concrete work which does not conform to the specified requirements,

including strength, tolerances, and finishes, shall be corrected at the
Contractor's expense. The Contractor shall also be responsible for the
cost of corrections to any work affected by or resulting from corrections to
the concrete work.
2. In the event that additional testing becomes necessary, the Contractor

shall cooperate with and provide assistance to the Royal Commission in
proceeding with the test.
3.13 DURABILITY AND CORROSION PROTECTION
A. To produce durable concrete of high quality in resisting corrosion and adverse

environmental conditions, the Guidelines presented in ACI 201.2R shall be
followed during the construction process.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
APPENDIX 1
MINIMUM CEMENT CONTENTS AND MAXIMUM
WATER-CEMENT RATIOS
28-Day Minimum Contents (kg/m3) Maximum Free

Concrete of Class Compressive Gradation Water/Cementitious
(Royal Commission Strength Limits (Per Portland Mineral Material**
Designations) (MPa) Table 2.1D) Cement Admixture* (By Weight)
Plain 350 0
Y 25 a Fly Ash 25 A 280 70 0.40
Silica Fume 315 28
Plain 370 0
Y 25 b Fly Ash 25 B 300 70 0.40
Silica Fume 355 30
Plain 400 0
Y 25 u Fly Ash 25 A 320 80 0.40
Silica Fume 360 32
Y 30 a Plain 30 A 370 0 0.40
Fly Ash 300 70
Silica Fume 335 30
Plain 400 0
Y 30 b Fly Ash 30 B 320 80 0.40
Silica Fume 360 32
Plain 450 0
Y 35 Fly Ash 35 A or B 360 90 0.40
Silica Fume 405 36
* Fly Ash or Silica Fume

** Cement plus Mineral Admixture
1. Water reducing admixtures shall be used as required to meet the limits specified
in this table and the required slump.
2. Class Y 25 u concrete denotes concrete to be placed under water.

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05
APPENDIX 2
TEST REPORTS CONTRACTOR IS REQUIRED
TO SUBMIT TO ROYAL COMMISSION
Section No. Description Frequency
2.1E Water at batch plant Monthly
2.1.A Cement Every Shipment
2.1.C Aggregates Every 100 Tons
2.2.A Chloride content in hardened concrete Weekly
2.2.A Sulfate content in fresh concrete Weekly

Chloride ion permeability of hardened
2.2.B Weekly
concrete
1.3.D Concrete cylinder test of trial mixes Prior to concrete placement
2.2.C/2.9.B Temperature, slump, unit weight and air Prior to each concrete
2.9.H, J & K content of fresh concrete placement
Concrete compressive strength
3.2 Each placement or 100 m3
(production)
Cement content and water cement ratio
Appendix 1 Weekly
(as per ASTM C1084)
+ + END OF SECTION 03300 + +

Rev E, 29 Oct . 05

Section 03300 Cast-In-place Concrete

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Section 03300 Cast-In-place Concrete

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

SECTION 03300

1.1 DESCRIPTION OF WORK

B. The work includes providing cast-in-place concrete consisting of portland

RCMYAS Guide Specs 03300-1 Contract No.

After determining the highest ground water level in the area of

3. In addition to item 1 or item 2 above, apply (Liquid) Dampproofing per

1. Section 01420: Quality Assurance / Quality Control

2. Section 02200: Earthwork

3. Section 03100: Concrete Formwork

4. Section 03200: Concrete Reinforcement

5. Section 03210: Epoxy Coated Concrete Reinforcement

6. Section 03220: Polymer Grids (Plastic Mesh) Reinforcement

7. Section 3340: Precast Aerated Lightweight Concrete

RCMYAS Guide Specs 03300-2 Contract No.

9. Section 03400: Precast Concrete

10. Section 03740: Concrete Repairs

11. Section 07100: Waterproofing & Dampproofing

12. Section 07110: Membrane Waterproofing for Concrete Structures

13. Section 07910: Joint Fillers

14. Section 07920: Sealants

REVISE ABOVE AS APPLICABLE TO THE PROJECT

1.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE

1. AASHTO – American Association of State Highway and Transportation

a. T 277 Rapid Determination of the Chloride Permeability of

b. M 182 Burlap Cloth made from Jute or Kenaf

2. ACI – American Concrete Institute:

a. SP-15 Specifications for Structural Concrete for Buildings

b. 117 Standard Tolerances for concrete Construction and

c. 201.2R Guide to Durable Concrete

d. 211.1 Recommended Practice for Selecting Proportion for

e. 226 Use of Silica Fume in Concrete

RCMYAS Guide Specs 03300-3 Contract No.

g. 301 Specifications for Structural Concrete for Buildings

h. 302.1R Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction

i. 304 Recommended Practice for Measuring, Mixing,

j. 305 Recommended Practice for Hot Weather Concreting

k. 308 Standard Practice for Curing Concrete

l. 309R Guide for Consolidation of Concrete

m. 311 Recommended Practice for Concrete Inspection

n. 318 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete

o. 347 Recommended Practice for Concrete Form Work

p. SP-2 Manual of Concrete Inspection

3. ASTM – American Society for Testing and Materials

a. C 31 Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test

b. C 33 Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates

c. C 39 Standard Method of Test for Compressive Strength of

d. C 40 Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregates for Concrete,

e. C 42 Standard Method of Obtaining and Testing Drilled

f. C 88 Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate

g. C 94 Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete

RCMYAS Guide Specs 03300-4 Contract No.

i. C 127 Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate,

j. C 128 Specific Gravity and Absorption for Fine Aggregate,

k. C 131 Resistance to Abrasion of Small Size Coarse

l. C 142 Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in Aggregate, Test

m. C 143 Slump of Portland Cement Concrete

n. C 150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement

o. C 171 Standard Specification for Portland Cement

p. C 172 Standard Method of Sampling Fresh Concrete

q. C 191 Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicot Needle,

r. C 192 Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the

s. C 231 Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the

t. C 260 Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete, Specification

u. C 289 Standard Test Method for Potential Reactivity of